JP6770707B2 - Fuel cell device - Google Patents

Fuel cell device Download PDF

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JP6770707B2
JP6770707B2 JP2016144459A JP2016144459A JP6770707B2 JP 6770707 B2 JP6770707 B2 JP 6770707B2 JP 2016144459 A JP2016144459 A JP 2016144459A JP 2016144459 A JP2016144459 A JP 2016144459A JP 6770707 B2 JP6770707 B2 JP 6770707B2
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inner case
fuel cell
outer cover
exhaust port
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JP2018014291A (en
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酒井　敏典
敏典 酒井
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Suzuki Motor Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H21/00—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
    • B63H21/12—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels the vessels being motor-driven
    • B63H21/17—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels the vessels being motor-driven by electric motor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63J—AUXILIARIES ON VESSELS
    • B63J2/00—Arrangements of ventilation, heating, cooling, or air-conditioning
    • B63J2/02—Ventilation; Air-conditioning
    • B63J2/06—Ventilation; Air-conditioning of engine rooms
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M16/00—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
    • H01M16/003—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers
    • H01M16/006—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers of fuel cells with rechargeable batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H21/00—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
    • B63H2021/003—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels the power plant using fuel cells for energy supply or accumulation, e.g. for buffering photovoltaic energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

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  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Description

本発明は、燃料電池本体、燃料タンク、二次電池、およびそれらの制御装置を一つの筐体に収容した燃料電池装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a fuel cell body, a fuel tank, a secondary battery, and a fuel cell device in which a control device thereof is housed in one housing.

燃料電池装置は、水素など燃料の供給形態により、都市ガスなどを改質して供給する系統連係型（例えば特許文献１参照）と、燃料タンクから供給する自立運転型（例えば特許文献２参照）がある。前者は、固定ガス配管や商用電源系統と接続するので利用環境が限定され、移動体に利用することはできない。一方、後者は、電動車両や小型船舶などの移動体への利用はもちろん、可搬型の工事用電源、レジャー用電源など、エンジン発電機の代替として、商用電源や固定ガス配管のない屋外環境等での利用が見込まれている。 The fuel cell device is a grid-linked type that reforms and supplies city gas or the like according to a fuel supply form such as hydrogen (see, for example, Patent Document 1) and an autonomous operation type that supplies from a fuel tank (see, for example, Patent Document 2). There is. Since the former is connected to fixed gas piping and a commercial power supply system, the usage environment is limited and it cannot be used for mobile objects. On the other hand, the latter can be used not only for moving objects such as electric vehicles and small vessels, but also for portable construction power sources, leisure power sources, and other outdoor environments without commercial power sources or fixed gas pipes as alternatives to engine generators. It is expected to be used in.

燃料電池装置を移動体や屋外環境で使用する場合、太陽光や風雨の影響、さらには、海岸沿いの地域での塩害の影響などを考慮した耐環境性能が要求される。また、小型船舶の電源に利用する場合には、重量バランスを考慮して、燃料電池装置を船底に設置することが好ましいが、降雨や波浪による船底への浸水にも対備する必要がある。 When the fuel cell device is used in a moving body or in an outdoor environment, environmental resistance performance is required in consideration of the influence of sunlight, wind and rain, and the influence of salt damage in the coastal area. Further, when using it as a power source for a small ship, it is preferable to install the fuel cell device on the bottom of the ship in consideration of the weight balance, but it is necessary to prepare for the inundation of the bottom of the ship due to rainfall or waves.

特開２０１５−１９６４１１号公報JP 2015-196411 特開２０１２−２５６６９６号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2012-256696

本発明は従来技術の上記の点に鑑みてなされたものであり、その目的は、耐環境性能に優れ、移動体や可搬型電源に最適な燃料電池装置を提供することにある。 The present invention has been made in view of the above points of the prior art, and an object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell device which is excellent in environmental resistance and is most suitable for a mobile body or a portable power source.

上記課題を解決するために、本発明に係る燃料電池装置（１）は、
気密性材料で構成され、内部（１０）に燃料電池本体（１１）、燃料タンク（１２）、二次電池（１３）、および、それらの制御装置（１４）が収容され内側ケース（２１）と、
気密性材料で構成され、前記内側ケースの上部（２１ａ）および周囲（２１ｂ）を覆う外側カバー（２２）と、
前記内側ケースに対して前記外側カバーを支持する支持手段（２７）と、
前記内側ケース）に外気を導入するために前記内側ケース（２１）の底部に設けられた吸気部（２３）と、
外気をろ過するために前記吸気部（２３）に設けられたフィルター（１５）と、
前記内側ケース内部から排気するために前記内側ケース（２１）の上部に設けられた排気部（２５）と、
前記排気部（２５）から前記内側ケース（２１）の外面に沿って前記外側ケース（２２）の下部の排気口（２６）に至る排気ダクト（２０）と、
前記吸気部（２３）から前記内側ケース内部（１０）、前記排気部（２５）、前記排気ダクト（２０）を通って前記排気口（２６）に至る空気流を生じさせる送風手段（１６）と、を備え、
前記燃料電池本体、前記燃料タンク、前記二次電池、および、前記制御装置は、前記フィルター（１５）および前記排気口（２６）より高位置に配設されている。 In order to solve the above problems, the fuel cell device (1) according to the present invention is
It is made of an airtight material, and the fuel cell body (11), fuel tank (12), secondary battery (13), and their control device (14) are housed inside (10), and the inner case (21). ,
An outer cover (22), which is made of an airtight material and covers the upper part (21a) and the periphery (21b) of the inner case,
A support means (27) that supports the outer cover with respect to the inner case,
An intake portion (23) provided at the bottom of the inner case (21) for introducing outside air into the inner case) .
A filter (15) provided in the intake unit (23) for filtering the outside air, and
An exhaust unit (25) provided on the upper part of the inner case (21) for exhausting from the inside of the inner case ,
An exhaust duct (20) extending from the exhaust portion (25) to the lower exhaust port (26) of the outer case (22) along the outer surface of the inner case (21) .
With the air blowing means (16) that generates an air flow from the intake portion (23) to the inside of the inner case (10), the exhaust portion (25), and the exhaust duct (20) to the exhaust port (26). With,
The fuel cell body, the fuel tank, the secondary battery, and the control device are arranged at positions higher than the filter (15) and the exhaust port (26).

本発明に係る燃料電池装置は、上記構成により、以下のような効果を奏する。
内側ケースの底部に吸気部およびフィルターが設けられているため、風雨や波飛沫にさらされる環境でも吸気部から内側ケース内部への水分の浸入が抑制され、かつ、そのような効果を得つつも、比較的大きな吸気部およびフィルターを設置可能であり、冷却用および反応用に多量の外気を導入できる利点がある。
また、内側ケース上部の排気部から外側ケース下部の排気口に至る排気ダクトと、この排気ダクトに至る空気流を生じさせる送風手段を備えたので、風雨や波飛沫にさらされる環境でも排気部から筐体内部への水分の浸入が抑制される利点がある。
さらに、小型船舶の電源として船底などに設置される場合に、降雨や波浪により設置位置の水位が上昇しても、排気口が外側ケース下部に設けられていることで、内側ケース内部の空気圧により吸気部やフィルターを通じた内側ケース内での水位の上昇が抑制される利点がある。 The fuel cell device according to the present invention has the following effects due to the above configuration.
Since the intake part and the filter are provided at the bottom of the inner case , the infiltration of water from the intake part into the inside of the inner case is suppressed even in an environment exposed to wind, rain and waves, and while obtaining such an effect. It has the advantage that a relatively large intake and filter can be installed and a large amount of outside air can be introduced for cooling and reaction.
In addition, it is equipped with an exhaust duct from the exhaust section at the top of the inner case to the exhaust port at the bottom of the outer case, and a ventilation means that creates an air flow to this exhaust duct, so even in an environment exposed to wind, rain, or waves, the exhaust section There is an advantage that the infiltration of water into the housing is suppressed.
Furthermore, when installed on the bottom of a ship as a power source for small vessels, even if the water level at the installation position rises due to rainfall or waves, the exhaust port is provided at the bottom of the outer case , so the air pressure inside the inner case There is an advantage that the rise of the water level in the inner case through the intake part and the filter is suppressed.

本発明の好適な態様では、前記内側ケース（２１）の外面と前記外側カバー（２２）の内面との間隙に前記排気ダクト（２０）が画成され、前記内側ケース（２１）の下部の周囲と、前記外側カバー（２２）の下端との間に前記排気口（２６）が画成されている。 In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the exhaust duct (20) is defined in a gap between the outer surface of the inner case (21) and the inner surface of the outer cover (22), and the periphery of the lower portion of the inner case (21). The exhaust port (26) is defined between the outer cover (22) and the lower end of the outer cover (22).

上記構成により、燃料電池本体や二次電池および制御装置が内側ケースと外側カバーからなる二重構造の気密性筐体で覆われるため、風雨や波飛沫にさらされる環境でも内側ケース内部への水分の浸入が抑制され、かつ、内側ケースと外側カバーの隙間による断熱効果により外部の温度変化の影響が緩和される利点がある。
また、燃料電池装置の作動中は、内側ケースの下部周囲の排気口から下方に吹き出される排気によってエアカーテンが形成され、内側ケース底部の吸気部下方への風雨や波飛沫の浸入やフィルターへの水分の吸着が抑制される利点もある。
さらに、この構成においても、小型船舶の電源として船底などに設置される場合に、降雨や波浪により設置位置の水位が上昇しても、内側ケース内部の空気圧により吸気部やフィルターを通じた筐体内での水位の上昇が抑制される利点がある。 With the above configuration, the fuel cell body, secondary battery, and control device are covered with a double-structured airtight housing consisting of an inner case and an outer cover, so moisture inside the inner case can be obtained even in an environment exposed to wind, rain, or wave splashes. There is an advantage that the infiltration of the battery is suppressed and the influence of the external temperature change is mitigated by the heat insulating effect due to the gap between the inner case and the outer cover.
In addition, during the operation of the fuel cell device, an air curtain is formed by the exhaust blown downward from the exhaust port around the lower part of the inner case , and wind and rain and wave droplets infiltrate below the intake part at the bottom of the inner case and to the filter. There is also an advantage that the adsorption of water is suppressed.
Furthermore, even in this configuration, when installed on the bottom of a ship as a power source for a small vessel, even if the water level at the installation position rises due to rainfall or waves, the air pressure inside the inner case causes the inside of the housing through the intake unit and filter. There is an advantage that the rise of the water level is suppressed.

本発明の好適な態様では、前記排気口（２６）を開閉する開閉手段（２２，２７）を備えているので、燃料電池装置の作動中以外は排気口を閉鎖して内側ケースと外側カバーの隙間を密閉空間とすることで、筐体内部がフィルター以外では外気と遮断され、筐体内部への外気の浸入やそれに伴う水分や塵埃の浸入を抑制でき有利である。 In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, since the opening / closing means (22, 27) for opening / closing the exhaust port (26) is provided, the exhaust port is closed except when the fuel cell device is in operation to cover the inner case and the outer cover. By making the gap a closed space, the inside of the housing is shielded from the outside air except for the filter, and it is advantageous that the infiltration of the outside air into the housing and the accompanying infiltration of moisture and dust can be suppressed.

本発明のさらに好適な態様では、前記支持手段（２７）は、前記内側ケース（２１）に対して前記外側カバー（２２）を上下方向に摺動可能に支持する摺動機構（２７ａ，２７ｂ）と、前記外側カバー（２２）を上昇位置に保持する保持手段（２７ｃ）とを含み、前記外側カバー（２２）の上昇位置で前記排気口（２６）が開放され、前記外側カバー（２２）の下降位置で前記排気口（２６）が閉鎖されるように構成されているので、筐体下部の周囲に設けられた排気口を最小限の追加部品による簡素な構成で確実に開閉でき、重量増加やそれによる可搬性の低下を回避できる利点がある。 In a more preferred embodiment of the present invention, the support means (27) is a sliding mechanism (27a, 27b) that slidably supports the outer cover (22) with respect to the inner case (21). And a holding means (27c) for holding the outer cover (22) in the raised position, the exhaust port (26) is opened at the raised position of the outer cover (22), and the outer cover (22) is opened. Since the exhaust port (26) is closed at the lowered position, the exhaust port provided around the lower part of the housing can be reliably opened and closed with a simple configuration using a minimum of additional parts, and the weight is increased. There is an advantage that the decrease in portability due to this can be avoided.

本発明の他の好適な態様では、前記吸気部（２３）の下方への浸水を検知する浸水検知センサ（３２）と、前記浸水検知センサ（３２）が浸水を検知した場合に前記吸気部（２３）の下方の水を排水する排水ポンプ（３１）とをさらに備えるので、小型船舶の電源として船底などに設置される場合に、降雨や波浪により設置位置に浸水しても、吸気部やフィルターの冠水を抑制でき、燃料電池装置による発電を継続できる利点がある。 In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the inundation detection sensor (32) for detecting the inundation downward of the intake portion (23) and the intake portion (32) when the inundation detection sensor (32) detects inundation. Since it is further equipped with a drainage pump (31) that drains water below 23), when it is installed on the bottom of a ship as a power source for a small vessel, even if the installation position is flooded by rainfall or waves, the intake unit and filter It has the advantage of being able to suppress flooding and continue power generation by the fuel cell device.

本発明のさらに他の好適な態様では、前記吸気部（２３）または前記フィルター（１５）の水没を検知する水没検知センサ（３４）と、前記水没検知センサ（３４）が水没を検知した場合に前記燃料電池本体（１１）に前記吸気部（２３）とは別経路（３３ａ）で外気を供給する吸気ポンプ（３３）とを備えるので、前記同様に小型船舶の電源として船底などに設置される場合に、降雨や波浪により設置位置に浸水し、吸気部やフィルターが水没するような非常事態においても、吸気ポンプにより筐体内部に空気を供給して燃料電池装置による発電を継続でき、排水ポンプにより浸水の水位を低下させて燃料電池本体や二次電池、制御装置の冠水を抑制し、船舶の運転を継続できる利点がある。 In still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, when the submersion detection sensor (34) for detecting the submersion of the intake unit (23) or the filter (15) and the submersion detection sensor (34) detect the submersion. Since the fuel cell main body (11) is provided with an intake pump (33) that supplies outside air by a route (33a) different from the intake unit (23), it is similarly installed on the bottom of a small vessel as a power source. In some cases, even in an emergency situation where the installation position is flooded by rainfall or waves and the intake part or filter is submerged, the intake pump can supply air to the inside of the housing to continue power generation by the fuel cell device, and the drainage pump. This has the advantage of lowering the inundation water level, suppressing submersion of the fuel cell body, secondary battery, and control device, and continuing the operation of the ship.

以上述べたように、本発明は、燃料電池本体、燃料タンク、二次電池、およびそれらの制御装置を一つの筐体に収容した自立運転型燃料電池装置の耐環境性能を向上させ、電動車両や小型船舶などの移動体用電源はもちろん、工事用電源、レジャー用電源など、エンジン発電機の代替として屋外環境等で利用される可搬型電源に最適な燃料電池装置を提供するうえで有利である。 As described above, the present invention improves the environmental resistance performance of the self-sustaining fuel cell device in which the fuel cell body, the fuel tank, the secondary battery, and their control devices are housed in one housing, and is an electric vehicle. It is advantageous in providing the optimum fuel cell device for portable power sources used in outdoor environments as an alternative to engine generators, such as power sources for mobile bodies such as small vessels, construction power sources, and leisure power sources. is there.

本発明実施形態に係る燃料電池装置を示す正断面図である。It is a right sectional view which shows the fuel cell apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. 本発明実施形態に係る燃料電池装置を示す側断面図である。It is a side sectional view which shows the fuel cell apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. 本発明実施形態に係る燃料電池装置を小型船舶の電源として搭載して浸水した場合を示す正断面図である。It is a front sectional view which shows the case where the fuel cell device which concerns on embodiment of this invention is mounted as a power source of a small ship, and is flooded. 本発明実施形態に係る燃料電池装置の排気口を閉鎖した状態を示す正断面図である。It is a front sectional view which shows the state which the exhaust port of the fuel cell apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention is closed.

以下、本発明の実施形態について図面を参照しながら詳細に説明する。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

（基本構造）
図１および図２において、本発明実施形態に係る燃料電池装置１は、発電を行うための燃料電池本体１１、水素などの燃料を供給するための燃料タンク１２、補機類に電源を供給するための二次電池１３、およびそれらの制御装置１４などからなる燃料電池システム全体を筐体（２１，２２）に収容した自立運転型の発電ユニットである。 (Basic structure)
In FIGS. 1 and 2, the fuel cell device 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention supplies power to the fuel cell main body 11 for generating electricity, the fuel tank 12 for supplying fuel such as hydrogen, and auxiliary machinery. This is a self-sustaining power generation unit in which the entire fuel cell system including the secondary battery 13 for the purpose and the control device 14 thereof is housed in a housing (21, 22).

燃料電池本体１１は、電解質膜を挟んで燃料極（アノード）と空気極（カソード）が配置されたセルが、それらに燃料（水素）や酸化剤（空気中の酸素）を供給する流路を画成するセパレータを介して多数積層されたセルスタックと、燃料側ヘッダー、空気側ヘッダーおよびコンプレッサーなどから構成される。 In the fuel cell body 11, a cell in which a fuel electrode (anode) and an air electrode (cathode) are arranged across an electrolyte membrane provides a flow path for supplying fuel (hydrogen) and an oxidant (oxygen in the air) to them. It is composed of a cell stack in which a large number of cells are stacked via a defining separator, a fuel side header, an air side header, a compressor, and the like.

二次電池１３は、燃料電池本体１１で発電された電気の一部を蓄電し、コンプレッサーや電磁バルブなどの補機類やその制御装置１４、後述するセンサなどに作動電力を供給するとともに、非常時にはバックアップ電源としても機能するものであり、リチウムイオン電池が好適であるが、その他の電池、例えば鉛蓄電池等も利用できる。 The secondary battery 13 stores a part of the electricity generated by the fuel cell main body 11, supplies operating power to auxiliary equipment such as a compressor and an electromagnetic valve, its control device 14, and a sensor described later, and is also very emergency. Sometimes it also functions as a backup power source, and a lithium ion battery is preferable, but other batteries such as a lead storage battery can also be used.

（内側ケース／内部構造）
本発明に係る燃料電池装置１の筐体は、上記燃料電池システムを収容する内側ケース２１と、その上部２１ａから周囲２１ｂを覆う外側カバー２２の二重構造をなしている。 (Inner case / internal structure)
The housing of the fuel cell device 1 according to the present invention has a double structure of an inner case 21 that houses the fuel cell system and an outer cover 22 that covers the periphery 21b from the upper portion 21a thereof.

内側ケース２１は、底部全体が吸気部２３として開口されており、図示例では、吸気部２３を構成する内側ケース２１の下端縁が下方かつ外方に向ってベルマウス状に拡開されている。吸気部２３の上方の内側ケース２１内にフィルターケース２４が設けられ、このフィルターケース２４に下方からフィルター１５が装着され、フィルターケース２４の上部に送風ファン１６が取り付けられている。 The entire bottom of the inner case 21 is opened as an intake portion 23, and in the illustrated example, the lower end edge of the inner case 21 constituting the intake portion 23 is expanded downward and outward in a bellmouth shape. .. A filter case 24 is provided in an inner case 21 above the intake portion 23, a filter 15 is mounted on the filter case 24 from below, and a blower fan 16 is mounted on the upper part of the filter case 24.

フィルター１５としては、吸気部２３から導入される外気をろ過し、燃料電池本体１１や制御装置１４の故障を防止して長寿命化を図るために各種フィルターを利用可能であるが、本発明に係る燃料電池装置１は、海岸沿いの地域の屋外で使用する場合や、小型船舶の電源として使用する場合の塩害対策として耐塩フィルターを用いることが好ましい。 As the filter 15, various filters can be used in order to filter the outside air introduced from the intake unit 23, prevent failures of the fuel cell main body 11 and the control device 14, and extend the service life. It is preferable to use a salt-resistant filter as a measure against salt damage when the fuel cell device 1 is used outdoors in an area along the coast or as a power source for a small vessel.

内側ケース２１の上部２１ａには、外側カバー２２の内面と内側ケース２１の外面との間の間隙２０に連通する排気部２５が開口されている。内側ケース２１は、金属やプラスチックなどの気密性材料で形成され、吸気部２３と排気部２５以外に開口部がなく、拡大した吸気部２３から縮小した排気部２５に至る筒状（図示例では四角筒状）の空気流路をなしており、フィルターケース２４は、筒状の内側ケース２１の内部１０（陽圧部）を陰圧側（フィルター１５側）と区画する隔壁をなしている。 The upper portion 21a of the inner case 21 is opened with an exhaust portion 25 communicating with the gap 20 between the inner surface of the outer cover 22 and the outer surface of the inner case 21. The inner case 21 is made of an airtight material such as metal or plastic, has no opening other than the intake portion 23 and the exhaust portion 25, and has a tubular shape extending from the enlarged intake portion 23 to the reduced exhaust portion 25 (in the illustrated example). The filter case 24 has an air flow path (square tubular shape), and the filter case 24 has a partition wall that partitions the inside 10 (positive pressure portion) of the tubular inner case 21 from the negative pressure side (filter 15 side).

なお、図中省略されているが、燃料電池本体１１は内側ケース２１の上部内面に不図示のブラケットで固定され、燃料タンク１２および二次電池１３は、内側ケース２１の側部内面に不図示のブラケットで固定されている。代替的に、フィルターケース２４の外枠から内側ケース２１の側部内面に沿って上方に延びる支持フレームを設け、この支持フレームに燃料電池本体１１、燃料タンク１２、および二次電池１３を固定しても良い。 Although omitted in the drawing, the fuel cell body 11 is fixed to the upper inner surface of the inner case 21 with a bracket (not shown), and the fuel tank 12 and the secondary battery 13 are not shown on the inner surface of the side of the inner case 21. It is fixed with the bracket of. Alternatively, a support frame extending upward from the outer frame of the filter case 24 along the inner surface of the side portion of the inner case 21 is provided, and the fuel cell body 11, the fuel tank 12, and the secondary battery 13 are fixed to the support frame. You may.

この場合、フィルターケース２４の外枠にスタンド２９を取付けることで、内側ケース２１を、燃料電池システム構成部品の組立体に上方から被せる内側カバーとして取付けることもできる。何れの場合も、燃料電池システム構成部品は、全て底部にある吸気部２３の開口部から内側ケース２１内に収容されることが、内側ケース２１の気密性を確保するうえで有利である。 In this case, by attaching the stand 29 to the outer frame of the filter case 24, the inner case 21 can be attached as an inner cover that covers the assembly of the fuel cell system components from above. In either case, it is advantageous for ensuring the airtightness of the inner case 21 that all the fuel cell system components are housed in the inner case 21 through the opening of the intake portion 23 at the bottom.

（外側カバー／スライド機構）
外側カバー２２は、金属やプラスチックなどの気密性材料で形成され、下端のみが全面的に開口され、それ以外は閉じており、内側ケース２１より一回り大きい有頂筒状（図示例では有頂四角筒状）、カップ状をなしている。 (Outer cover / slide mechanism)
The outer cover 22 is made of an airtight material such as metal or plastic, and only the lower end is fully opened, and the other parts are closed. Square tubular), cup-shaped.

外側カバー２２は、内側ケース２１の外側に上方から被せた状態で、内側ケース２１に対してスライド機構２７を介して上下方向に摺動可能に支持されており、図１に示す上昇位置では、外側カバー２２の下端縁と内側ケース２１の吸気部２３の外周面とにより排気口２６が画成され、かつ、排気部２５から間隙２０を通って排気口２６に至る排気ダクトが画成されている。 The outer cover 22 is slidably supported in the vertical direction with respect to the inner case 21 via the slide mechanism 27 in a state of covering the outer side of the inner case 21 from above, and in the ascending position shown in FIG. The exhaust port 26 is defined by the lower end edge of the outer cover 22 and the outer peripheral surface of the intake portion 23 of the inner case 21, and the exhaust duct from the exhaust portion 25 to the exhaust port 26 through the gap 20 is defined. There is.

一方、図４に示す下降位置では、外側カバー２２の下端縁が内側ケース２１の拡開した下端縁（吸気部２３の外周面）に当接し、排気口２６が閉鎖される。すなわち、外側カバー２２およびスライド機構２７は、排気口２６の開閉手段を兼ねている。図示例では、図４に示す閉鎖状態において、内側ケース２１の上部２１ａが外側カバー２２の上部２２ａの下面に当接し、排気口２６とともに排気部２５も閉鎖され、外側カバー２２と内側ケース２１の間の間隙２０が密閉空間となるように構成されている。 On the other hand, at the lowering position shown in FIG. 4, the lower end edge of the outer cover 22 comes into contact with the expanded lower end edge (outer peripheral surface of the intake portion 23) of the inner case 21, and the exhaust port 26 is closed. That is, the outer cover 22 and the slide mechanism 27 also serve as opening / closing means for the exhaust port 26. In the illustrated example, in the closed state shown in FIG. 4, the upper portion 21a of the inner case 21 abuts on the lower surface of the upper portion 22a of the outer cover 22, the exhaust portion 25 is closed together with the exhaust port 26, and the outer cover 22 and the inner case 21 are closed. The gap 20 between them is configured to be a closed space.

スライド機構２７は、内側ケース２１の外側面に固定されたスライダー２７ａと外側カバー２２の内側面に固定されたスライドレール２７ｂとからなり、スライドレール２７ｂには、図１に示す上昇位置で、スライダー２７ａに設けられた不図示の係合部（孔、溝など）と係合する係止部材２７ｃが設けられている。この係止部材２７ｃは、把手２８を把持して外側カバー２２を上昇させるとバネなどの付勢手段により突出して係合部に係合し、解除操作で係合を解除して降下可能となるように構成しても良いし、オルタネイト機構により、係合と解除が順次切替わるように構成しても良い。 The slide mechanism 27 includes a slider 27a fixed to the outer surface of the inner case 21 and a slide rail 27b fixed to the inner side surface of the outer cover 22, and the slide rail 27b has a slider at an ascending position shown in FIG. A locking member 27c that engages with an engaging portion (hole, groove, etc.) (not shown) provided in 27a is provided. When the handle 28 is gripped and the outer cover 22 is raised, the locking member 27c protrudes by an urging means such as a spring to engage with the engaging portion, and is disengaged by the disengaging operation so that the locking member 27c can be lowered. It may be configured as such, or it may be configured so that engagement and disengagement are sequentially switched by an alternate mechanism.

（基本動作／通常運転時の防水作用）
以上のように構成された燃料電池装置１の通常運転時には、図１に示すように、燃料電池本体１１（または二次電池１３）の電力により送風ファン１６が作動することで、外気が吸気部２３からフィルター１５を通りろ過／除塩されて内部１０に導入され、二次電池１３、制御装置１４、燃料タンク１２等の間、さらには、燃料電池本体１１の側面等を通って上昇し、排気部２５から内側ケース２１と外側カバー２２の隙間２０を通り、排気口２６から外部に排気される。 (Basic operation / waterproofing during normal operation)
During normal operation of the fuel cell device 1 configured as described above, as shown in FIG. 1, the blower fan 16 is operated by the electric power of the fuel cell main body 11 (or the secondary battery 13), so that the outside air is taken into the intake unit. It is filtered / desalted from 23 through the filter 15 and introduced into the internal 10, and rises between the secondary battery 13, the control device 14, the fuel tank 12, etc., and further through the side surface of the fuel cell main body 11. The fuel is exhausted from the exhaust portion 25 to the outside through the exhaust port 26 through the gap 20 between the inner case 21 and the outer cover 22.

この際、燃料電池本体１１を冷却するための空気は、燃料電池本体１１の空気入口（図１中左側）から吸気され、高温多湿となった空気が燃料電池本体１１の空気出口（図１中右側）から排気される。この空気も下方からの上昇空気とともに排気部２５から隙間２０および排気口２６を通って外部に排出される。 At this time, the air for cooling the fuel cell main body 11 is taken in from the air inlet (left side in FIG. 1) of the fuel cell main body 11, and the hot and humid air is taken in from the air outlet of the fuel cell main body 11 (in FIG. 1). It is exhausted from the right side). This air is also discharged to the outside from the exhaust section 25 through the gap 20 and the exhaust port 26 together with the rising air from below.

内側ケース２１の上部２１ａおよび外側カバー２２の上部２２ａの周辺部が相補的な断面弧状をなしていることで、排気部２５から内側ケース２１と外側カバー２２の間の隙間２０に排出された空気はスムーズに下方に偏向され、排気口２６の下方ではさらに外方に偏向され、内側ケース２１の下部の周囲にエアカーテン気流を形成する。このエアカーテン気流によって、降雨時における雨粒や波飛沫が吸気部２３の周囲で遮断され、水分がフィルター１５に到達し難い構造となっている。 Since the peripheral portions of the upper portion 21a of the inner case 21 and the upper portion 22a of the outer cover 22 have a complementary cross-sectional arc shape, the air discharged from the exhaust portion 25 into the gap 20 between the inner case 21 and the outer cover 22. Is smoothly deflected downward and further outwardly deflected below the exhaust port 26 to form an air curtain airflow around the lower portion of the inner case 21. Due to this air curtain airflow, raindrops and wave droplets during rainfall are blocked around the intake unit 23, and the structure is such that moisture does not easily reach the filter 15.

（非使用時の閉鎖構造）
一方、燃料電池装置１の非使用時には、図４に示すように、外側カバー２２を降下させ排気口２６および排気部２５を閉鎖することで、排気口２６および間隙２０を通じた外気の浸入や沿海部での塩害を防止でき、かつ、密閉された間隙２０が断熱空間として機能し、外気の温度変化の影響が緩和される。 (Closed structure when not in use)
On the other hand, when the fuel cell device 1 is not in use, as shown in FIG. 4, the outer cover 22 is lowered to close the exhaust port 26 and the exhaust portion 25, so that outside air can enter through the exhaust port 26 and the gap 20 and the seaside. It is possible to prevent salt damage in the part, and the closed gap 20 functions as a heat insulating space, so that the influence of the temperature change of the outside air is mitigated.

（浸水／水没対策構造）
燃料電池装置１を小型船舶の電源として利用する場合、重量バランスを考慮して、燃料電池装置１は船底付近に配置されることが好ましいが、その場合、降雨や波浪による船底への浸水にも対備する必要があることは既に述べた。 (Inundation / submersion countermeasure structure)
When the fuel cell device 1 is used as a power source for a small vessel, the fuel cell device 1 is preferably arranged near the bottom of the ship in consideration of weight balance, but in that case, the bottom of the ship may be flooded due to rainfall or waves. I have already mentioned that it is necessary to prepare.

そこで、本発明に係る燃料電池装置１では、標準または仕様により、内側ケース２１の底部、吸気部２３の略中央に排水ポンプ３１が設けられるとともに、吸気部２３の下方への浸水を検知するための浸水検知センサ３２が付設される。排水ポンプ３１は、例えば、吸気部２３を横切るように設けられた支持フレーム（不図示）に取付けることができる。浸水検知センサ３２は、図示例では排水ポンプ３１のケーシング下部に取付けられているが、前記支持フレーム等に取付けても良い。 Therefore, in the fuel cell device 1 according to the present invention, the drainage pump 31 is provided at the bottom of the inner case 21 and substantially in the center of the intake unit 23 according to the standard or the specification, and in order to detect the infiltration of water below the intake unit 23. The inundation detection sensor 32 of the above is attached. The drainage pump 31 can be attached to, for example, a support frame (not shown) provided so as to cross the intake portion 23. Although the inundation detection sensor 32 is attached to the lower part of the casing of the drainage pump 31 in the illustrated example, it may be attached to the support frame or the like.

さらに、内側ケース２１の内部１０、図示例では送風ファン１６の上部に、吸気部２３とは別の吸気管３３ａにより、外気を内部１０に導入するための吸気ポンプ３３が設けられるとともに、フィルター１５の上側、送風ファン１６の下部に、フィルター１５の水没を検知するための水没検知センサ３４が付設される。なお、フィルター１５の水没時には外側カバー２２内の圧力が異常になるので、この異常圧力を検出することで、フィルター１５の水没を検知することもできる。 Further, an intake pump 33 for introducing outside air into the inside 10 is provided inside the inner case 21 by an intake pipe 33a different from the intake portion 23, and a filter 15 is provided above the blower fan 16 in the illustrated example. A submersion detection sensor 34 for detecting the submersion of the filter 15 is attached to the upper side of the filter 15 and the lower part of the blower fan 16. Since the pressure inside the outer cover 22 becomes abnormal when the filter 15 is submerged, the submersion of the filter 15 can be detected by detecting this abnormal pressure.

以上のように構成された燃料電池装置１を小型船の電源として利用する場合、図３に示すように、小型船２の船底付近の台座３上にボルトなどで固定される。排水ポンプ３１の排水管３１ａは、内側ケース２１の下端側部から外部に引出され、先端出口は小型船２の外部に達している。 When the fuel cell device 1 configured as described above is used as a power source for a small ship, it is fixed to a pedestal 3 near the bottom of the small ship 2 with bolts or the like, as shown in FIG. The drainage pipe 31a of the drainage pump 31 is pulled out from the lower end side of the inner case 21, and the tip outlet reaches the outside of the small boat 2.

このような小型船２において、降雨や波飛沫により船内に雨水や海水が浸入し、台座３付近の水位５の上昇を浸水検知センサ３２が検知した場合、排水ポンプ３１が作動し、船底の水を船外（海面４）に排水して吸気部２３やフィルター１５の冠水を抑制（回避または遅延）させることができ、燃料電池本体１１による発電を継続できる。 In such a small ship 2, when rainwater or seawater infiltrates into the ship due to rainfall or wave splashes and the inundation detection sensor 32 detects a rise in the water level 5 near the pedestal 3, the drainage pump 31 operates and the water on the bottom of the ship Can be drained outboard (sea surface 4) to suppress (avoid or delay) flooding of the intake unit 23 and the filter 15, and power generation by the fuel cell body 11 can be continued.

しかし、降雨や波飛沫による水位上昇が排水ポンプ３１の排水能力を上回り、さらなる水位上昇５′による吸気部２３およびフィルター１５の冠水を水没検知センサ３４が検知した場合、送風ファン１６を停止するとともに、吸気ポンプ３３が作動し、吸気管３３ａを通じて内側ケース２１の内部１０に外気を吸入することで、燃料電池本体１１による発電を継続できる。小型船２の場合、フィルター１５が水没して通常の吸気が行えないような状態でも、沖合から帰港するために発電を継続する必要がある。 However, when the water level rise due to rainfall or wave splash exceeds the drainage capacity of the drainage pump 31, and the submersion detection sensor 34 detects the submersion of the intake unit 23 and the filter 15 due to the further water level rise 5', the blower fan 16 is stopped. , The intake pump 33 operates, and the outside air is sucked into the inside 10 of the inner case 21 through the intake pipe 33a, so that the power generation by the fuel cell main body 11 can be continued. In the case of the small vessel 2, even if the filter 15 is submerged and normal intake cannot be performed, it is necessary to continue power generation in order to return to the port from offshore.

また、吸気部２３およびフィルター１５が水没する状況では、排気口２６も冠水することになるが、外側カバー２２が気密に構成されかつ下向きのカップ状をなしていることにより、外側カバー２２（および内側ケース２１）の内部に封じ込められた空気の圧力によって、内側ケース２１内の水位上昇が抑制され、燃料電池本体１１や二次電池１３、および制御装置１４などの水没が抑制される。 Further, in a situation where the intake portion 23 and the filter 15 are submerged, the exhaust port 26 is also submerged. However, since the outer cover 22 is airtightly configured and has a downward cup shape, the outer cover 22 (and) The pressure of the air trapped inside the inner case 21) suppresses the rise in the water level in the inner case 21, and the submersion of the fuel cell body 11, the secondary battery 13, and the control device 14 is suppressed.

この時、吸気ポンプ３３により内側ケース２１の内部１０に外気を取り込み、外側カバー２２および内側ケース２１の内部の気圧を上昇させて、内部機器の水没防止を図ることもでき、燃料タンク１２の燃料を全て消費してしまった場合でも二次電池１３から電力を供給して小型船２の運転を継続することができる。 At this time, the intake pump 33 can take in the outside air into the inside 10 of the inner case 21 and raise the air pressure inside the outer cover 22 and the inner case 21 to prevent the internal equipment from being submerged, and the fuel in the fuel tank 12 can be prevented. Even if all of the fuel is consumed, the power can be supplied from the secondary battery 13 to continue the operation of the small boat 2.

（水素ガス検出センサ）
燃料電池装置１は、燃料タンク１２から燃料電池本体１１に水素を燃料として供給し発電を行う。燃料電池本体１１から水素が漏出した場合や、燃料電池装置１を一旦停止して再稼働した場合、気密性の外側カバー２２の上部２２ａの内側に水素ガスが滞留する場合がある。 (Hydrogen gas detection sensor)
The fuel cell device 1 supplies hydrogen as fuel from the fuel tank 12 to the fuel cell main body 11 to generate electricity. When hydrogen leaks from the fuel cell main body 11 or when the fuel cell device 1 is temporarily stopped and restarted, hydrogen gas may stay inside the upper portion 22a of the airtight outer cover 22.

そこで、実施形態の燃料電池装置１では、外側カバー２２の上部２２ａの内面に水素ガス検出センサ３５が配設されており、水素の漏出や滞留が検出された場合には、燃料電池本体１１の発電を停止し、送風ファン１６のみを作動させて水素ガスの排出を促すことができる。 Therefore, in the fuel cell device 1 of the embodiment, the hydrogen gas detection sensor 35 is arranged on the inner surface of the upper portion 22a of the outer cover 22, and when hydrogen leakage or retention is detected, the fuel cell body 11 It is possible to stop the power generation and operate only the blower fan 16 to promote the discharge of hydrogen gas.

（他の実施形態）
上記実施形態では、外側カバー２２が内側ケース２１に対してスライド機構２７を介して上下方向に摺動可能に支持され、外側カバー２２の下降位置で排気口２６と排気部２５が閉鎖される場合を示したが、外側カバー２２が内側ケース２１との間に間隙２０を有した状態で固定的に支持され、外側カバー２２とは別に排気口２６を開閉する閉鎖手段（弁体、ダンパー）が設けられても良い。 (Other embodiments)
In the above embodiment, the outer cover 22 is slidably supported in the vertical direction with respect to the inner case 21 via the slide mechanism 27, and the exhaust port 26 and the exhaust portion 25 are closed at the lowered position of the outer cover 22. However, the outer cover 22 is fixedly supported with a gap 20 between the outer cover 22 and the inner case 21, and the closing means (valve body, damper) for opening and closing the exhaust port 26 separately from the outer cover 22 is provided. It may be provided.

さらに、内側ケース２１全体を覆う外側カバー２２を設ける代わりに、排気部２５から内側ケース２１の何れかの側に沿って下部に至る排気ダクトを設けることもできる。 Further, instead of providing the outer cover 22 that covers the entire inner case 21, an exhaust duct that extends from the exhaust portion 25 to the lower part along any side of the inner case 21 can be provided.

以上、本発明のいくつかの実施形態について述べたが、本発明はこれに限定されるものではなく、本発明の技術的思想に基づいてさらに各種の変形および変更が可能である。 Although some embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to this, and various modifications and modifications can be made based on the technical idea of the present invention.

１ 燃料電池装置
２ 小型船
３ 台座
４ 海面
５，５′ 水位
１０ 内部
１１ 燃料電池本体
１２ 燃料タンク
１３ 二次電池
１４ 制御装置
１５ フィルター
１６ 送風ファン
２０ 間隙（排気ダクト）
２１ 内側ケース
２２ 外側カバー
２３ 吸気部
２４ フィルターケース
２５ 排気部
２６ 排気口
２７ スライド機構（支持手段）
２７ｃ 係止部材（保持手段）
２８ 把手
３１ 排水ポンプ
３２ 浸水検知センサ
３３ 吸気ポンプ
３４ 水没検知センサ
３５ 水素ガス検出センサ 1 Fuel cell device 2 Small ship 3 Pedestal 4 Sea surface 5, 5'Water level 10 Inside 11 Fuel cell body 12 Fuel tank 13 Secondary battery 14 Control device 15 Filter 16 Blower fan 20 Gap (exhaust duct)
21 Inner case 22 Outer cover 23 Intake part 24 Filter case 25 Exhaust part 26 Exhaust port 27 Slide mechanism (support means)
27c Locking member (holding means)
28 Handle 31 Drainage pump 32 Inundation detection sensor 33 Intake pump 34 Submersion detection sensor 35 Hydrogen gas detection sensor

Claims (6)

気密性材料で構成され、内部に、燃料電池本体、燃料タンク、二次電池、および、それらの制御装置が収容された内側ケースと、
気密性材料で構成され、前記内側ケースの上部および周囲を覆う外側カバーと、
前記内側ケースに対して前記外側カバーを支持する支持手段と、
前記内側ケースに外気を導入するために前記内側ケースの底部に設けられた吸気部と、
外気をろ過するために前記吸気部に設けられたフィルターと、
前記内側ケース内部から排気するために前記内側ケースの上部に設けられた排気部と、
前記排気部から前記内側ケースの外面に沿って前記外側ケースの下部の排気口に至る排気ダクトと、
前記吸気部から前記内側ケース内部、前記排気部、前記排気ダクトを通って前記排気口に至る空気流を生じさせる送風手段と、を備え、
前記燃料電池本体、前記燃料タンク、前記二次電池、および、前記制御装置は、前記フィルターおよび前記排気口より高位置に配設されている、燃料電池装置。 An inner case made of airtight material and containing the fuel cell body, fuel tank, secondary battery, and their control devices inside.
An outer cover, which is made of an airtight material and covers the upper part and the periphery of the inner case,
A support means for supporting the outer cover with respect to the inner case,
A suction part provided at a bottom portion of the inner case for introducing outside air into said inner casing,
A filter provided in the intake unit for filtering the outside air and
An exhaust unit provided on the upper part of the inner case for exhausting from the inside of the inner case ,
An exhaust duct from the exhaust portion to the exhaust port at the bottom of the outer case along the outer surface of the inner case ,
A ventilation means for generating an air flow from the intake portion to the inside of the inner case , the exhaust portion, and the exhaust duct to the exhaust port is provided.
A fuel cell device in which the fuel cell body, the fuel tank, the secondary battery, and the control device are arranged at a position higher than the filter and the exhaust port. 前記内側ケースの外面と前記外側カバーの内面との間隙に前記排気ダクトが画成され、前記内側ケースの下部の周囲と、前記外側カバーの下端との間に前記排気口が画成されている、請求項１記載の燃料電池装置。 The exhaust duct is defined in the gap between the outer surface of the inner case and the inner surface of the outer cover, and the exhaust port is defined between the periphery of the lower portion of the inner case and the lower end of the outer cover. , The fuel cell device according to claim 1. 前記排気口を開閉する開閉手段を備えた、請求項２記載の燃料電池装置。 The fuel cell device according to claim 2, further comprising an opening / closing means for opening / closing the exhaust port. 前記支持手段は、前記内側ケースに対して前記外側カバーを上下方向に摺動可能に支持する摺動機構と、前記外側カバーを上昇位置に保持する保持手段とを含み、前記外側カバーの上昇位置で前記排気口が開放され、前記外側カバーの下降位置で前記排気口が閉鎖されるように構成されている、請求項３記載の燃料電池装置。 The supporting means includes a sliding mechanism that slidably supports the outer cover in the vertical direction with respect to the inner case, and a holding means that holds the outer cover in the raised position, and the raised position of the outer cover. The fuel cell device according to claim 3, wherein the exhaust port is opened and the exhaust port is closed at a lowering position of the outer cover. 前記吸気部の下方への浸水を検知する浸水検知センサと、前記浸水検出センサが浸水を検知した場合に前記吸気部の下方の水を排水する排水ポンプとをさらに備えた、請求項１〜４の何れか一項記載の燃料電池装置。 Claims 1 to 4 further include an inundation detection sensor that detects inundation below the intake unit and a drainage pump that drains water below the intake unit when the inundation detection sensor detects inundation. The fuel cell device according to any one of the above. 前記吸気部または前記フィルターの水没を検知する水没検知センサと、前記水没検知センサが水没を検知した場合に前記燃料電池本体に前記吸気部とは別経路で外気を供給する吸気ポンプとをさらに備えた、請求項１〜５の何れか一項記載の燃料電池装置。 A submersion detection sensor that detects submersion of the intake unit or the filter, and an intake pump that supplies outside air to the fuel cell body by a route different from that of the intake unit when the submersion detection sensor detects submersion are further provided. The fuel cell device according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
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