JP6766011B2 - Electric instantaneous water heater demand control system - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to an electric instantaneous water heater demand control system that demand-controls the electric capacity of a plurality of electric instantaneous water heaters equipped with a "microcomputer" (hereinafter referred to as a microcomputer).

Conventionally, Patent Document 1 describes a hot water supply system that controls demand so as not to exceed the maximum demand power of contract power. This hot water supply system is configured to limit the amount of power used by loads other than the hot water storage type water heater when the amount of remaining hot water in the hot water storage type water heater becomes less than a predetermined amount.

On the other hand, as shown in Patent Document 2, the present inventor has invented an electric instantaneous water heater system capable of controlling the electric capacity of the electric instantaneous water heater to save power consumption. In this system, the control device that controls the system is equipped with an electric energy prediction means that predicts the power consumption of one unit when each instantaneous water heater is operated from the data of each sensor, and all the instantaneous water heaters that are in operation. It is equipped with an electric energy calculation means for calculating the total power consumption of the above, and when the number of instantaneous water heaters that can be used at the same time is calculated from the preset upper limit power amount and exceeds the number that can be used at the same time. , A system configured to regulate the power consumption of some selected instantaneous water heaters or all active instantaneous water heaters.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2012-32025 Japanese Patent No. 6109776

The system of Patent Document 1 that demand-controls the power consumption of the water heater is configured to comprehensively evaluate the power consumption of the hot water storage type water heater and the power consumption of the air conditioner and the lighting equipment, and the control device controls the demand. It will be a complicated and costly system. Moreover, since the configuration is such that the amount of remaining hot water in the hot water storage tank of the hot water storage type water heater is detected and controlled to be less than a predetermined amount, it is not possible to control the electric instantaneous water heater that does not use the hot water storage tank.

On the other hand, in the system of Patent Document 2 proposed by the present inventor, a control device is separately installed in addition to a plurality of electric instantaneous water heaters, and the control device collects various data of each electric instantaneous water heater and a plurality of them. It is a configuration that controls an electric instantaneous water heater. Therefore, since the electric power is controlled by specializing in the electric power used by the electric instantaneous water heater, the configuration can be extremely simple as compared with the system that comprehensively evaluates and controls the electric power used by the heating and cooling equipment and the lighting equipment. Moreover, since it is possible to collectively control the electric instantaneous water heaters installed in the entire building, more efficient control becomes possible as the number of installed electric instantaneous water heaters increases.

However, in the system of Patent Document 2, when the number of installed electric instantaneous water heaters is reduced, the installation cost of the separately installed control device is relatively increased. Therefore, for example, controlling a small number of electric instantaneous water heaters installed on each floor of a building instead of the entire building by using this system poses a cost-effective problem. For this reason, it has been desired to provide a system capable of efficiently demand-controlling the electric capacity of an electric instantaneous water heater installed on a relatively small scale.

Therefore, the present invention was created to solve the above-mentioned problems, and is an electric instantaneous water heater capable of efficiently demand-controlling the electric capacity of a plurality of electric instantaneous water heaters without separately installing a control device. The purpose is to provide a demand control system.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the first means of the present invention controls the output of the power consumption of a plurality of instantaneous water heaters 10 by using the microcomputer mounted on the instantaneous water heater 10 as the control device 20. It is a demand control system for instantaneous water heaters.
Each control device 20 connects the control devices 20 of all the instantaneous water heaters 10 to be controlled by a signal line, and transfers the output information of each instantaneous water heater 10 in operation to the control device of the adjacent instantaneous water heater 10. A communication function that sequentially notifies 20 and a memory function that stores a preset maximum demand output value for all the power consumption of the instantaneous water heater 10, and the maximum demand output value and the cumulative output during operation. The demand control means 100 for controlling the output of the instantaneous water heater 10 to be operated next is provided by the calculation function for comparing and calculating.
When the demand control means 100 calculates that the total output of the cumulative output of each instantaneous water heater 10 during operation and the output of the instantaneous water heater 10 to be operated next exceeds the maximum demand output value, the demand control means 100 is concerned. A modified output obtained by downwardly modifying the output of the instantaneous water heater 10 is calculated, and the total output of the modified output and the cumulative output is controlled so as not to exceed the maximum demand output value.

In the second means, the instantaneous water heater 10 includes a temperature sensor 11 that senses the temperature of water supplied to the instantaneous water heater 10 and a flow rate sensor 12 that senses the amount of water supplied, and the control device 20 The heat quantity control means 200 is provided for calculating the output that the instantaneous water heater 10 should originally output from the set temperature of the instantaneous water heater 10 and the data of each sensor as an ideal output.

The communication function of the control device 20 in the third means includes a loop-shaped signal line 30 in which a signal is transmitted in one direction, and is one instantaneous hot water immediately before the direction opposite to the transmission direction of the loop-shaped signal line 30. It is configured to receive the output information notified from the control device 20 of the device 10, and is configured to notify the output information of the last instantaneous water heater 10 in the loop signal line 30 to the first instantaneous water heater 10. It is a thing.

The communication function of the control device 20 of the fourth means is a communication line using radio.

When it is determined by the calculation function that the total of the cumulative output notified by the communication function and the output of the instantaneous water heater 10 to be operated next exceeds the maximum demand output value as in claim 1 of the present invention. The demand control means 100 of the control device 20 of the instantaneous water heater 10 calculates the modified output obtained by downwardly correcting the output of the instantaneous water heater 10, and the total output of the modified output and the cumulative output is the maximum demand output value. By configuring the control so as not to exceed the above, the total power consumption of the plurality of instantaneous water heaters 10 is sequentially controlled by the control device 20 provided in each instantaneous water heater 10, which is extremely efficient. Control is now possible.

As a result, it is not necessary to separately install a conventional control device or the like, and even when a small number of instantaneous water heaters 10 are installed, demand control with excellent cost effectiveness becomes possible.

As in claim 2, the instantaneous water heater 10 includes a temperature sensor 11 that senses the temperature of the water supplied to the instantaneous water heater 10, and a flow rate sensor 12 that senses the amount of water supplied. The control device 20 includes each sensor. Since it is equipped with a calorific value control means 200 that calculates the output that the instantaneous water heater 10 should originally output from the data of the above and the set temperature of the instantaneous water heater 10 as an ideal output, it is attached to the instantaneous water heater 10. The control device 20 can always determine the optimum output for the usage situation of the instantaneous water heater 10.

As in claim 3, the communication function of the control device 20 includes a loop-shaped signal line 30 in which a signal is transmitted in one direction, and is an instantaneous type immediately before the loop-shaped signal line 30 in the direction opposite to the transmission direction. It is configured to receive the output information notified from the control device 20 of the water heater 10, and is configured to notify the output information of the last instantaneous water heater 10 in the loop signal line 30 to the first instantaneous water heater 10. Therefore, even if the number of instantaneous water heaters 10 is arbitrarily changed, they are controlled in one loop-shaped connected system. Therefore, demand control can be easily performed simply by changing the maximum demand output value.

As in claim 4, the communication function of the control device 20 can be used in a wider range of systems by using a wireless communication line.

As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to control the electric capacity of a plurality of electric instantaneous water heaters on demand extremely efficiently without separately installing a control device as in the conventional case.

It is the schematic which shows the use example of this invention. It is the schematic which shows the loop-shaped signal line of the instantaneous water heater of this invention. It is a schematic diagram which shows one Example of the instantaneous water heater of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the control device of this invention. It is a flow chart which shows one Example of this invention.

The system of the present invention is, for example, a system configured to demand control the total electric energy of a plurality of instantaneous water heaters 10 installed on one floor of a building (see FIG. 1). A microcomputer is attached to each instantaneous water heater 10 as a control device 20, and all the instantaneous water heaters 10 for demand control are connected by a loop-shaped signal line 30 (see FIG. 2).

Each instantaneous water heater 10 includes a temperature sensor 11 that senses the water supply temperature and a flow rate sensor 12 that senses the amount of water supply (see FIG. 3). That is, the hot water warmed by the heater 13 is directly supplied to the hot water tap 15. Further, by connecting a mixing valve 14 with a temperature control function having a temperature control function to the pipe of the hot water supply plug 15 and connecting a pipe for directly supplying water to the mixing valve 14 with a temperature control function, the hot water supply temperature from the hot water supply plug 15 It is also possible to further stabilize. The installation positions of the temperature sensor 11 and the flow rate sensor 12 can be arbitrarily changed.

Data such as water temperature and flow rate obtained by the temperature sensor 11 and the flow rate sensor 12 are managed by the control device 20 provided in each instantaneous water heater 10.

The control device 20 uses a microcomputer. The control device 20 is provided with a demand control means 100 based on a communication function, a memory function, a calculation function, and a heat quantity control function in advance (see FIG. 4).

The communication function has a function of connecting all the instantaneous water heaters 10 with a signal line. Then, the operating output information of each instantaneous water heater 10 is sequentially notified to the control device 20 of the adjacent instantaneous water heater 10.

As the signal line, in addition to a one-way communication line and a loop-shaped signal line 30, a wireless communication line can be used. In the illustrated example, the loop-shaped signal line 30 is used. The loop-shaped signal line 30 is a signal line through which signals are transmitted in one direction (see FIG. 2). That is, it is configured to receive the output information notified from the control device 20 of the instantaneous water heater 10 immediately before the loop signal line 30 in the direction opposite to the transmission direction. Further, by notifying the first instantaneous water heater 10 of the output information of the last instantaneous water heater 10 in the loop signal line 30, the signal is always notified in a unidirectional loop.

The memory function is a function of storing a preset maximum demand output value for the amount of electric energy used by all the instantaneous water heaters 10. The maximum demand output value is, for example, an electric energy arbitrarily set based on the total output of all the instantaneous water heaters 10 for demand control from the maximum demand power of the contract power. In the present invention, the cumulative operating output of the plurality of instantaneous water heaters 10 to be controlled is controlled so as not to exceed an arbitrarily set maximum demand output value.

The calculation function is a function for comparing and calculating the maximum demand output value preset in the memory function and the cumulative output in operation notified by the communication function. Then, when it is calculated that the total output of the cumulative output and the output of the instantaneous water heater 10 to be operated next exceeds the maximum demand output value, the demand control means 100 is executed.

The demand control means 100 calculates a modified output obtained by downwardly modifying the output of the instantaneous water heater 10, and controls so that the total output of the modified output and the cumulative output does not exceed the maximum demand output value. That is, the demand control means 100 is a means for controlling the output of the instantaneous water heater 10 to be operated next based on the communication function, the memory function, and the calculation function of the control device 20. Further, the control device 20 includes a heat quantity control means 200 as well as a demand control means 100 (see FIG. 4).

The calorific value control means 200 is a means for calculating the output that the instantaneous water heater 10 should originally output as an ideal output from the set temperature of the instantaneous water heater 10 and the data of each sensor. That is, based on the set temperature of the instantaneous water heater 10, information on the water supply temperature sensed by the temperature sensor 11 and the water supply amount sensed by the flow rate sensor 12 is added, and the instantaneous water heater 10 originally outputs. The calorific value control means 200 is a means for calculating the power output as an ideal output.

This ideal output will be revised downward to the corrected output when the demand control means 100 is executed. At this time, the demand control means 100 is configured to calculate a correction output close to the ideal output of the instantaneous water heater 10 within a range not exceeding the maximum demand output value.

FIG. 4 is a program configuration diagram showing a demand control means 100 and a heat quantity control means 200 provided in the control device 20. In the figure, ideal output (pwn) and correction output (pwn`) are provided as shared information between the demand control means 100 and the heat quantity control means 200. Next, it will be described based on (A) to (G) described in the program block diagram.

(A) In the heat quantity control means 200, when the faucet is twisted and the water heater detects a specified flow rate, the heater operation is started.
Calculate the feedforward heat quantity (corresponding to the required heat quantity).
・ When set temperature-water supply temperature> 0 [℃] Feedforward heat quantity [kW] = flow rate [L / min] x (set temperature-water supply temperature) [℃] x 60 x 860
* 1 [kWh] = 860 [kcal], from the formula required for heating a general flowing liquid ・ Other than the above Feedforward heat quantity [kW] = 0 [kW]

(B) From the feedforward heat quantity, calculate the ideal output (pwn) [%] with the 5kW heater as the basic 100%.
<Example> When the feedforward heat quantity is 3 kW , 3 [kW] / 5 [kW] x 100 = 60 %.

(C) In the demand control means 100, the modified output pwn'[%] is calculated from the ideal output (pwn).
Calculate the maximum output (Dmax) / ideal output calculation ( PWn-1 ),
-If this value is 1 or more (or PWn-1 = 0), set pwn to the demand correction output pwn'.
・ If this value is Dmax / PWn-1 <1, set pwn'= pwn × Dmax / PWn-1 .

(D) Calculate the ideal total output ( PWn ) [%].
The amount of change in the ideal output, Δp, is calculated, and the value obtained by adding this value Δp to the received PWn-1 is sent to the device n + 1 as PWn.

(E) The corrected heat quantity [kW] (execution heat quantity) is calculated from the feedforward heat quantity and the correction output pwn'. Corrected heat quantity [kW] = Feedforward heat quantity [kW] x Corrected output pwn'[%]

(F) Calculate the feedback correction value [%] based on 100%.
・ (Set temperature-Hot water supply temperature)> When "Feedback correction judgment temperature difference" Feedback correction value [%] is added by 1%.
・ (Hot water supply temperature-set temperature)> When "Feedback correction judgment temperature difference" Feedback correction value [%] is subtracted by 1%.
The feedback correction value is adopted only when the feedback correction value is smaller than the correction output pwn'.
Corrected heat quantity [kW] = Feedforward heat quantity [kW] x Feedback correction value [%]
* If the feedback correction value is larger, it will not be adopted because the power consumption and water supply temperature due to demand control are not stable (hunting occurs).

(G) Heater control method From the corrected amount of heat, the time required to turn on the heater per second is calculated.
In the specified sampling cycle, the on-time is determined from the type of heater installed (example: power consumption 5kW).

FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing the movement of the device n when calculating the ideal output (pwn) and the modified output (pwn') of the instantaneous water heater 10. As shown in this figure, when the ideal output (pwn) of the next instantaneous water heater 10 is added to the cumulative output (PWn), when this cumulative output (PWn) exceeds the maximum demand output value (Dmax). When the determination is made, the demand control means 100 calculates a modified output (pwn') obtained by downwardly modifying the output of the instantaneous water heater 10, and even if the next instantaneous water heater 10 operates, the maximum demand output value (Dmax) is calculated. ) Is not exceeded.

(Legend in Table 1)
-Dmax (%): "Maximum demand output value" The value (same value) input to all devices in advance, and is arbitrarily set in advance from the total output upper limit of all connected devices (all devices Even if it is turned on, it does not exceed this output).
-Status: Indicates whether the device is ON or OFF.
-Pwn (%): "Ideal output" that the device should originally output, n indicates the device number. Ex: pw1 is the ideal output of device 1.
-△ pn (%): Amount of change from the ideal output of the previous lap of each device.
-PW (%): "Total ideal output" The total value of the ideal output of all connected devices.
-Dmax / PW: "Demand judgment value", if this value is less than 1, pw'= pw x Dmax / PW. When PW = 0, the calculation is the same as 1 or more.
-Pwn'(%): "Modified output" Output limited by demand (actual output), calculated by pwn'= pw x Dmax / PW.
-PW'(%): "Corrected output total" Total output of all connected devices

Table 1 is a table for explaining the demand control program of the present invention. In this explanatory example, six units (device numbers 1 to 6) are connected to a loop-shaped signal line 30 in one direction, and each device outputs 100% when it is turned on. Further, in the table, the lap indicates the number of times the data of the first device 1 is passed in order to the last device 6 (returning from the device 6 to the device 1). In this program, the upper limit of demand (Dmax) may be temporarily exceeded, but since one lap is a very short time (within 1 second), there is no problem of dropping the barrier. By the way, for a breaker of 30A or less, 200% of the rated current is within 2 minutes, and 125% is within 60 minutes (in JIS C8201-2-1 / 2-2Ann2, the disconnection time of the breaker operation is short. Is stipulated).

In lap 1, only device 1 is operating, so the demand determination value (Dmax / PW) is smaller than 1, and there is no need to make downward revisions.

In lap 2, device 1 receives PW (100) from device 6. Since there is no change in the output (Δp1 = 0), PW remains at 100 and is passed to device 2.
Device 2 receives PW (100) from device 1. Since it was turned on, △ p2 = 100 and PW = 100 + 100 = 200 is passed to device 3. Moreover, since Dmax / PW = 0.75 <1, the modified output, which is the actual output, is pw2'= pw2 (100) × Dmax / PW (0.75) = 75. At this time, the actual total corrected output exceeds PW'= 175 and Dmax.
Device 3 receives PW (200) from device 2. Since it is still OFF, pass PW (200) to 4 as it is. PW'remains at 175.
The device 4 is the same as the device 3.
Device 5 receives PW (200) from device 4. Since it was turned on, △ p5 = 100 and PW = 200 + 100 = 300 is passed to device 6. Further, since Dmax / PW = 0.5 <1, the correction output pw5'= pw5 (100) × Dmax / PW (0.5) = 50. At this time, the actual total correction output PW'= 225 and Dmax are exceeded.
The device 6 is the same as the device 3 and the device 4.

In lap 3, device 1 receives PW (300) from device 6. Since there is no change in the output, the PW remains at 300 and is passed to the device 2. However, since Dmax / PW = 0.5 <1, the modified output pw1'= pw1 (100) x Dmax / PW (0.5) = 50. At this time, PW'decreases to 175.
Device 2 receives PW (300) from device 1. Since there is no change in the output, the PW remains at 300 and is passed to the device 3. However, since Dmax / PW = 0.5 <1, the modified output pw2'= pw2 (100) x Dmax / P
(0.5) = 50. At this time, PW'decreases to 150 and converges within Dmax. Converge within one lap.
Device 3 receives PW (300) from device 2. Since it is still OFF, pass PW (300) to device 4 as it is. PW'remains at 150.
The device 4 is the same as the device 3.
Device 5 receives PW (300) from device 4. Since there is no change in the output, the PW remains at 300 and is passed to the device 6.
The device 6 is the same as the devices 3 and 4.

10 Instantaneous water heater 11 Temperature sensor 12 Flow sensor 13 Heater 14 Mixing valve with temperature control function 15 Hot water tap 20 Control device 30 Loop-shaped signal line 100 Demand control means 200 Heat control means

Claims (4)

It is a demand control system for instantaneous water heaters that controls the output of power used by multiple instantaneous water heaters by using a microcomputer mounted on the instantaneous water heater as a control device.
Each control device connects all the control devices of the instantaneous water heaters to be controlled by a communication line, and sequentially notifies the control devices of the adjacent instantaneous water heaters of the operating output information of each instantaneous water heater. A function, a memory function that stores a preset maximum demand output value for the amount of power used by all instantaneous water heaters, and a calculation function that compares and calculates the maximum demand output value with the cumulative output during operation. Equipped with a demand control means to control the output of the instantaneous water heater that operates next
When the demand control means calculates that the total output of the cumulative output of each instantaneous water heater during operation and the output of the instantaneous water heater to be operated next exceeds the maximum demand output value, the instantaneous hot water is concerned. An electric instantaneous water heater demand control system characterized in that a corrected output obtained by downwardly correcting the output of the device is calculated and the total output of the corrected output and the cumulative output is controlled so as not to exceed the maximum demand output value. .. The instantaneous water heater includes a temperature sensor that senses the temperature of the water supplied to the instantaneous water heater and a flow sensor that senses the amount of water supplied, and the control device includes the set temperature of the instantaneous water heater and each of them. The electric instantaneous water heater demand control system according to claim 1, further comprising a calorific value control means for calculating an output that should be originally output by the instantaneous water heater from sensor data as an ideal output. The communication function of the control device includes a loop-shaped signal line in which signals are transmitted in one direction, and is notified from the control device of the instantaneous water heater immediately before the direction opposite to the transmission direction of the loop-shaped signal line. The electric instantaneous water heater demand control system according to claim 1, which is configured to receive output information and notify the first instantaneous water heater of the output information of the last instantaneous water heater in a loop signal line. The electric instantaneous water heater demand control system according to claim 1, wherein the communication function of the control device is a communication line using wireless communication.

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