JP6906164B2 - Cogeneration system and its operation method - Google Patents

Description

The present disclosure relates to a cogeneration system and a method of operating the cogeneration system.

A cogeneration system equipped with a combined heat and power device such as a fuel cell is well known. Exhaust heat is generated as the combined heat and power supply device operates. Exhaust heat is used to generate hot water. Hot water is stored in a hot water storage tank and supplied to a bathtub or faucet as needed.

As described in Patent Documents 1 and 2, it is also possible to use the hot water stored in the hot water storage tank for heating. With this technology, users can enjoy more of the benefits of cogeneration systems. According to the technique described in Patent Document 2, when a heat shortage state is predicted for a time-series heat load by performing the power load follow-up operation, the heat shortage state is predicted in a predetermined time zone, rather than the current power load. The output of the combined heat and power supply device is adjusted to the larger output side.

JP-A-2017-180986 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2004-286008

The techniques described in Patent Documents 1 and 2 have room for improvement from the viewpoint of enhancing the energy saving performance of the cogeneration system.

This disclosure is
A combined heat and power device that can operate according to the power load,
An inverter for grid-connecting the electric power generated in the combined heat and power device to a commercial power source that supplies electric power to the device that generates the electric power load.
A hot water storage tank that stores hot water generated by utilizing the heat generated in the combined heat and power device, and
With the hot water tap connected to the hot water storage tank,
A heat exchanger that causes heat exchange between the hot water and the heat medium of the heating device,
A backup heat source machine that heats the hot water flowing toward the water heater and the heat exchanger.
Equipped with a control device,
The control device is
Time-series historical data of the heat load associated with the hot water supply from the hot water tap, the heat load associated with the heating by the heating device, and the electric power load are generated and stored.
For a specific period, time-series prediction data of the heat load associated with the hot water supply, the heat load associated with the heating, and the electric power load are generated based on the historical data.
A plurality of operation patterns of the combined heat and power apparatus are generated, which are determined by at least one of different operation start times and different operation end times of the combined heat and power apparatus in the specific period.
Assuming that the heat and power cogeneration device is operated according to each of the plurality of operation patterns, the integrated power generation amount of the heat and power cogeneration device in the specific period, the integrated power consumption amount associated with the power load in the specific period, and the specific period. The cumulative power consumption of the combined heat and power supply device, the cumulative heat consumption of the backup heat source machine when the backup heat source machine compensates for the shortage of the heat stored in the hot water storage tank in the specific period, and the thermoelectric power in the specific period. The integrated heat consumption associated with the power generation of the cogeneration device is predicted for each of the plurality of operation patterns based on the prediction data, and information on the energy balance in the specific period is generated.
A specific operation pattern is selected from the plurality of operation patterns based on the information regarding the energy balance to control the operation of the combined heat and power supply device.
Provide a cogeneration system.

The technique of the present disclosure is advantageous for enhancing the energy saving performance of the cogeneration system.

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a cogeneration system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing an example of processing for selecting an operation pattern of the combined heat and power supply device. FIG. 3A is a flowchart showing an example of a process for generating information regarding the energy balance of the combined heat and power supply device. FIG. 3B is a flowchart showing an example of processing for generating information regarding the energy balance of the combined heat and power supply device. FIG. 3C is a flowchart showing an example of processing for generating information regarding the energy balance of the combined heat and power supply device. FIG. 4A is a graph showing an example of time-series prediction data of the power load. FIG. 4B is a graph showing an example of time-series prediction data of the heat load associated with hot water supply. FIG. 4C is a graph showing an example of time-series prediction data of the heat load associated with heating. FIG. 4D is a graph showing an example of time-series prediction data of the amount of heat stored in the hot water storage tank.

(Knowledge on which this disclosure was based)
In a cogeneration system, it is conceivable to use hot water generated by heat generated by a combined heat and power supply device that can operate following an electric power load for hot water supply and heating. In this case, it is conceivable to generate time-series prediction data regarding the power load and the heat load based on the time-series historical data regarding the power load and the heat load associated with hot water supply or heating. Then, it is conceivable to determine the energy saving property based on this prediction data for various operation patterns of the combined heat and power supply device and determine an appropriate operation pattern. In this case, it is desirable that the operation pattern of the combined heat and power supply device can be simply specified. Therefore, the present inventor has repeatedly studied day and night on a technique capable of appropriately determining from the viewpoint of energy saving while simply specifying the operation pattern of the combined heat and power supply device of the cogeneration system. As a result, the present inventor newly finds that the operation pattern of the combined heat and power device can be simply specified by specifying the operation pattern of the combined heat and power device by at least one of the operation start time and the end time of the combined heat and power device. I found it. In addition, it was newly found that the energy saving of the operation pattern of the combined heat and power supply device can be judged more accurately by treating the data on the heat load associated with hot water supply and the data on the heat load associated with heating separately. The present inventor devised the cogeneration system of the present disclosure based on these new findings.

(Summary of Aspects Related to the Disclosure)
The cogeneration system according to the first aspect of the present disclosure is
A combined heat and power device that can operate according to the power load,
An inverter for grid-connecting the electric power generated in the combined heat and power device to a commercial power source that supplies electric power to the device that generates the electric power load.
A hot water storage tank that stores hot water generated by utilizing the heat generated in the combined heat and power device, and
With the hot water tap connected to the hot water storage tank,
A heat exchanger that causes heat exchange between the hot water and the heat medium of the heating device,
A backup heat source machine that heats the hot water flowing toward the water heater and the heat exchanger.
Equipped with a control device,
The control device is
Time-series historical data of the heat load associated with the hot water supply from the hot water tap, the heat load associated with the heating by the heating device, and the electric power load are generated and stored.
For a specific period, time-series prediction data of the heat load associated with the hot water supply, the heat load associated with the heating, and the electric power load are generated based on the historical data.
A plurality of operation patterns of the combined heat and power apparatus are generated, which are determined by at least one of different operation start times and different operation end times of the combined heat and power apparatus in the specific period.
Assuming that the heat and power cogeneration device is operated according to each of the plurality of operation patterns, the integrated power generation amount of the heat and power cogeneration device in the specific period, the integrated power consumption amount associated with the power load in the specific period, and the specific period. The cumulative power consumption of the combined heat and power supply device, the cumulative heat consumption of the backup heat source machine when the backup heat source machine compensates for the shortage of the heat stored in the hot water storage tank in the specific period, and the thermoelectric power in the specific period. The integrated heat consumption associated with the power generation of the cogeneration device is predicted for each of the plurality of operation patterns based on the prediction data, and information on the energy balance in the specific period is generated.
A specific operation pattern is selected from the plurality of operation patterns based on the information regarding the energy balance, and the operation of the combined heat and power supply device is controlled.

According to the first aspect, the operation pattern of the combined heat and power device can be simply specified by at least one of the operation start time and the operation end time of the combined heat and power device. In addition, the time-series prediction data of the heat load associated with hot water supply and the prediction data of the heat load associated with heating are separately generated, and then the integrated heat consumption of the backup heat source machine is predicted. Therefore, each situation of hot water supply and heating is reflected in the prediction of the integrated heat consumption of the backup heat source machine. As a result, the energy saving property of the operation pattern of the combined heat and power device is selected more accurately based on the information on the energy balance, and then the operation pattern of the combined heat and power device is selected. As a result, the energy saving performance of the cogeneration system according to the first aspect is high.

In the second aspect of the present disclosure, for example, in the cogeneration system according to the first aspect, the information regarding the energy balance is the integrated power consumption amount associated with the power load and the integrated power consumption amount of the heat and power combined device. , The integrated heat consumption amount of the backup heat source machine and the integrated heat consumption amount associated with the power generation of the heat and power cogeneration device are subtracted from the integrated power generation amount of the heat and power cogeneration device. According to the second aspect, the information regarding the energy balance can be appropriately determined.

In the third aspect of the present disclosure, for example, in the cogeneration system according to the first or second aspect, in the heating by the heating device, the hot water stored in the hot water storage tank is stored in the hot water storage tank. When the temperature of the hot water is lower than the required temperature for the hot water supplied to the heat exchanger, the temperature of the hot water heated by the backup heat source machine and supplied to the heat exchanger and stored in the hot water storage tank is the required temperature. When the temperature is higher than the temperature, it is supplied to the heat exchanger without being heated by the backup heat source machine. In addition, the control device receives the heat load that can be covered by the hot water stored in the hot water storage tank in a state where it is assumed that the hot water storage tank has a predetermined temperature and a predetermined amount of hot water in the generation of the historical data. It is treated as the heat load associated with heating. According to the third aspect, the hot water supply method to the heat exchanger can be changed based on the relationship between the required temperature for the hot water supplied to the heat exchanger and the temperature of the hot water stored in the hot water storage tank. In addition, time-series historical data of the heat load associated with heating can be generated according to the heat load that can be covered by the hot water stored in the hot water storage tank.

In the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, for example, in the cogeneration system according to the first or second aspect, in the heating by the heating device, the hot water stored in the hot water storage tank is supplied to the heat exchanger. When the required temperature for the hot water is higher than the threshold value, it is heated by the backup heat source machine and supplied to the heat exchanger, and when the required temperature is lower than the threshold value, it is supplied to the heat exchanger without being heated by the backup heat source machine. Will be done. In addition, the control device determines the heat load associated with the heating based on the temperature of the hot water supplied from the hot water storage tank to the heat exchanger in the generation of the historical data. According to the fourth aspect, the method of supplying hot water to the heat exchanger can be changed based on the required temperature for the hot water supplied to the heat exchanger. In addition, the heat load associated with heating can be determined based on the temperature of the hot water supplied from the hot water storage tank to the heat exchanger.

In the fifth aspect of the present disclosure, for example, in the cogeneration system according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, in the prediction of the integrated heat consumption of the backup heat source machine, it is accompanied by the heating in the prediction data. The first coefficient used for the first multiplication for determining the heat consumption of the backup heat source machine corresponding to the heat load is the consumption of the backup heat source machine corresponding to the heat load associated with the hot water supply in the prediction data. Greater than the second coefficient used for the second multiplication to determine the amount of heat. The thermal efficiency of the backup heat source machine corresponding to the heat load associated with heating is lower than the thermal efficiency of the backup heat source machine corresponding to the heat load associated with hot water supply. Therefore, according to the fifth aspect, the cumulative heat consumption of the backup heat source machine in a specific period is more accurately calculated based on the difference between the thermal efficiency of the backup heat source machine for heating and the heat efficiency of the backup heat source machine for hot water supply. Can be predicted.

In the sixth aspect of the present disclosure, for example, in the cogeneration system according to the fifth aspect, the control device determines the result of the first multiplication or the second multiplication in the prediction of the integrated heat consumption of the backup heat source machine. Correct the result with a specific correction factor. According to the sixth aspect, the result of the first multiplication or the result of the second multiplication can be corrected by a specific correction coefficient. As a result, the user's intention can be easily reflected in the prediction of the cumulative heat consumption of the backup heat source machine and the information on the energy balance.

The method of operating the cogeneration system according to the seventh aspect of the present disclosure is as follows.
To operate the combined heat and power device according to the power load,
Connecting the power generated in the combined heat and power device to the commercial power supply that supplies power to the device that generates the power load, and
Using the heat generated in the combined heat and power system to generate hot water and store it in the hot water storage tank.
The heat exchanger causes heat exchange between the hot water and the heat medium of the heating device, and
The backup heat source machine heats the hot water tap connected to the hot water storage tank and the hot water flowing toward the heat exchanger.
To generate and store historical data of each time series of the heat load associated with the hot water supply from the hot water tap, the heat load associated with the heating by the heating device, and the electric power load.
To generate forecast data of each time series of the heat load associated with the hot water supply, the heat load associated with the heating, and the electric power load in a specific period based on the historical data.
To generate a plurality of operation patterns of the combined heat and power apparatus defined by at least one of different operation start times and different operation end times of the combined heat and power apparatus in the specific period.
Assuming that the heat and power cogeneration device is operated according to each of the plurality of operation patterns, the integrated power generation amount of the heat and power cogeneration device in the specific period, the integrated power consumption amount associated with the power load in the specific period, and the specific period. The cumulative power consumption of the combined heat and power supply device, the cumulative heat consumption of the backup heat source machine when the backup heat source machine compensates for the shortage of the heat stored in the hot water storage tank in the specific period, and the thermoelectric power in the specific period. To generate information on the energy balance in the specific period by predicting the integrated heat consumption associated with the power generation of the cogeneration device for each of the plurality of operation patterns based on the prediction data.
It includes controlling the operation of the combined heat and power supply device by selecting a specific operation pattern from the plurality of operation patterns based on the information regarding the energy balance.

According to the seventh aspect, the same effect as that of the first aspect can be obtained.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings. The present disclosure is not limited to the following embodiments.

(Embodiment)
As shown in FIG. 1, the cogeneration system 1 of the present embodiment controls a combined heat and power supply device 10, an inverter 15, a hot water storage tank 20, a hot water tap 59, a heat exchanger 42, and a backup heat source machine 36. It includes a device 70. The combined heat and power supply device 10 can operate following the power load. The inverter 15 grid-connects the electric power generated in the combined heat and power supply device 10 to the commercial power supply 150 that supplies electric power to the device 100 that generates the electric power load. The hot water storage tank 20 stores hot water generated by utilizing the heat generated in the combined heat and power supply device 10. The hot water supply tap 59 is connected to the hot water storage tank 20. The heat exchanger 42 causes heat exchange between the hot water and the heat medium of the heating device 53. The heat exchanger 42 is, for example, a liquid-liquid heat exchanger such as a double tube heat exchanger or a plate heat exchanger. The backup heat source machine 36 heats the hot water flowing toward the hot water tap 59 and the heat exchanger 42. The backup heat source machine 36 is, for example, a boiler such as a gas water heater that heats water by burning fuel.

The control device 70 generates and stores historical data of each time series of the heat load associated with the hot water supply from the hot water tap 59, the heat load associated with the heating by the heating device 53, and the electric power load generated by the device 100. The control device 70 generates forecast data of each time series of the heat load associated with hot water supply, the heat load associated with heating, and the electric power load in a specific period based on the above historical data. Further, the control device 70 generates a plurality of operation patterns of the combined heat and power supply device 10 in a specific period. The plurality of operation patterns of the combined heat and power device 10 are determined by at least one of different operation start times and different operation end times of the combined heat and power devices. It is assumed that the control device 70 operates the heat and power cogeneration device 10 according to each of the plurality of operation patterns of the heat and power cogeneration device 10. Then, the control device 70 predicts the following physical quantities (i) to (v) for each of the plurality of operation patterns based on the above prediction data, and generates information on the energy balance in a specific period. The control device 70 controls the operation of the combined heat and power supply device 10 by selecting a specific operation pattern from a plurality of operation patterns based on the information regarding the energy balance. The physical quantities (i) to (v) have dimensions of, for example, J (joules).
(I) Cumulative power generation of the combined heat and power device 10 in a specific period (ii) Integrated power consumption due to the power load in a specific period (iii) Integrated power consumption of the combined heat and power device 10 in a specific period (iv) Hot water storage in a specific period Cumulative heat consumption of the backup heat source machine 36 when the shortage of heat stored in the tank 20 is supplemented by the backup heat source machine 36 (v) Cumulative heat consumption due to power generation of the cogeneration device 10 in a specific period

The control device 70 stores historical data for several weeks (for example, 4 weeks) of a heat load associated with hot water supply, a heat load associated with heating, and a power load at predetermined time intervals (for example, 1 hour). .. As shown in FIG. 1, for example, a water supply route 27 for city water is connected to the hot water storage tank 20. The control device 70, for example, applies a heat load associated with hot water supply based on information indicating the water temperature in the water supply path 27, information indicating the temperature of hot water in the hot water tap 59, and information indicating the flow rate of hot water flowing toward the hot water tap 59. Decide and remember. The control device 70 determines and stores the heat load associated with heating based on, for example, information indicating the inlet temperature and outlet temperature of hot water in the heat exchanger 42 and information indicating the flow rate of hot water in the heat exchanger 42. .. The control device 70 determines the power load based on, for example, information indicating the power output from the commercial power source 150 to the device 100. For example, measuring devices such as a temperature sensor, a flow meter, and a power meter are connected to the control device 70 by wire or wirelessly so that the control device 70 can acquire such information. The control device 70 generates historical data for storage by performing predetermined information processing such as averaging the raw data of the heat load associated with hot water supply, the heat load associated with heating, and the electric power load in a predetermined period, for example.

The control device 70 refers to the above-mentioned historical data on the same day of the week and time zone as the day of the week and time zone to which the specific period belongs, for example, in the generation of the above-mentioned prediction data in the specific period. When a plurality of historical data on the same day of the week and a time zone exist, the control device 70 generates the above-mentioned prediction data in a specific period by referring to the latest historical data from the plurality of historical data, for example. .. Further, the control device 70 may perform matching between a plurality of historical data and generate the above-mentioned prediction data based on the high probability of occurrence. Further, the control device 70 may generate the above-mentioned prediction data by performing predetermined information processing such as averaging on a plurality of historical data.

The specific period is not particularly limited as long as it is a period after the current time. The specific period may be divided by day or may be set across days. For example, if the current day of the week is Wednesday, the particular period can be the period from the current time to 12:00 pm next Tuesday. The specific period may be longer than the continuous operation possible time of the combined heat and power device 10.

The control device 70 generates, for example, a plurality of operation patterns defined by different operation start times and different operation end times of the combined heat and power device 10. In this case, the plurality of operation patterns are generated so that the period between the operation start time and the operation end time is included in the above-mentioned specific period. On the other hand, the control device 70 may generate a plurality of operation patterns in which only one of the operation start time and the operation end time of the combined heat and power supply device 10 in a specific period is different from each other. For example, when the current time is included in a specific period and the combined heat and power device 10 is currently in operation, the control device 70 generates a plurality of operation patterns defined by a plurality of different operation end times. May be good. In this case, the plurality of operation patterns are generated so that the operation end time is included in the above-mentioned specific period.

Information on the energy balance is determined by subtracting the physical quantity of (ii), the physical quantity of (iii), the physical quantity of (iv), and the physical quantity of (v) from the physical quantity of (i), for example. Information on the energy balance may be determined by converting the physical quantities of (i) to (v) into electricity charges, fuel charges, and the like.

The control device 70 typically selects an operation pattern corresponding to the most advantageous energy balance information from a plurality of operation patterns, and controls the operation of the combined heat and power supply device 10 according to the selected operation pattern. The most advantageous information on the energy balance is, for example, the difference between the physical quantity of (ii), the physical quantity of (iii), the physical quantity of (iv), and the physical quantity of (v) subtracted from the physical quantity of (i). It is the maximum information. In some cases, the most advantageous energy balance information may be, for example, the information having the smallest physical quantity in (iv). For example, when the control device 70 acquires information indicating a predetermined instruction according to a user operation on a control panel (not shown), the information having the smallest physical quantity in (iv) is regarded as the most advantageous energy balance information. to decide.

In the heating by the heating device 53, for example, the hot water stored in the hot water storage tank 20 is heated by the backup heat source machine 36 and supplied to the heat exchanger 42 in a predetermined case. In this case, the temperature of the hot water stored in the hot water storage tank 20 is lower than the required temperature for the hot water supplied to the heat exchanger 42. On the other hand, in another case, the hot water stored in the hot water storage tank 20 is supplied to the heat exchanger 42 without being heated by the backup heat source machine 36. In this case, the temperature of the hot water stored in the hot water storage tank 20 is higher than the required temperature for the hot water supplied to the heat exchanger 42. In the generation of the above-mentioned historical data, the control device 70 heats the heat associated with the heating to cover the heat load that can be covered by the hot water stored in the hot water storage tank 20 in a state where it is assumed that the hot water storage tank 20 has a predetermined temperature and a predetermined amount of hot water. Treat as a load. As a result, time-series historical data of the heat load associated with heating can be generated according to the heat load that can be covered by the hot water stored in the hot water storage tank 20. The predetermined temperature in this assumption is, for example, 40 ° C. The predetermined amount in this assumption is, for example, the maximum amount of hot water that can be stored in the hot water storage tank 20.

In the heating by the heating device 53, the hot water stored in the hot water storage tank 20 is heated by the backup heat source machine 36 and supplied to the heat exchanger 42 when the required temperature for the hot water supplied to the heat exchanger 42 is higher than the threshold value. May be good. On the other hand, when the required temperature for the hot water supplied to the heat exchanger 42 is lower than the threshold value, the heat exchanger 42 may be supplied without being heated by the backup heat source machine 36. In this case, for example, in the generation of the above-mentioned historical data, the control device 70 determines the heat load associated with the heating based on the temperature of the hot water supplied from the hot water storage tank 20 toward the heat exchanger 42.

For example, in predicting the integrated heat consumption of the backup heat source machine 36, the first coefficient used for the first multiplication is larger than the second coefficient used for the second multiplication. The first multiplication is a multiplication for determining the amount of heat consumed by the backup heat source machine 36 corresponding to the heat load associated with heating in the predicted data. The second multiplication is a multiplication for determining the amount of heat consumed by the backup heat source machine 36 corresponding to the heat load associated with hot water supply in the predicted data. The thermal efficiency of the backup heat source machine 36 corresponding to the heat load associated with heating is lower than the thermal efficiency of the backup heat source machine 36 corresponding to the heat load associated with hot water supply. Therefore, the integrated heat consumption of the backup heat source machine 36 in a specific period can be more accurately predicted based on the difference between the thermal efficiency of the backup heat source machine 36 for heating and the heat efficiency of the backup heat source machine 36 for hot water supply.

The control device 70 may, for example, correct the result of the first multiplication or the result of the second multiplication by a specific correction coefficient. As described above, the thermal efficiency of the backup heat source machine 36 corresponding to the heat load associated with heating is lower than the thermal efficiency of the backup heat source machine 36 corresponding to the heat load associated with hot water supply. Therefore, it is desirable from the viewpoint of the energy balance in the cogeneration system 1 that the backup heat source machine 36 is used so as to preferentially deal with the heat load associated with the hot water supply. In other words, it is desirable from the viewpoint of energy balance that the heat load associated with heating can be covered by the amount of heat of the hot water stored in the hot water storage tank 20. However, there are some users who want to preferentially use the amount of heat of the hot water stored in the hot water storage tank 20 for hot water supply. Therefore, in the control device 70, for example, the amount of heat of the hot water stored in the hot water storage tank 20 should be preferentially used for hot water supply, or the amount of heat of the hot water stored in the hot water storage tank 20 should be preferentially used for heating. When the information indicating the above is acquired, the above correction is performed. When the control device 70 acquires information indicating that the amount of heat of the hot water stored in the hot water storage tank 20 should be preferentially used for hot water supply, the control device 70 reduces the result of the first multiplication or increases the result of the second multiplication. To determine a particular correction factor. On the other hand, when the control device 70 acquires information indicating that the amount of heat of the hot water stored in the hot water storage tank 20 should be preferentially used for heating, the control device 70 increases the result of the first multiplication or obtains the result of the second multiplication. Determine a particular correction factor to reduce. The control device 70 acquires, for example, information indicating whether the amount of heat of the hot water stored in the hot water storage tank 20 should be preferentially used for hot water supply or heating according to the operation of the user on the control panel (not shown). ..

As shown in FIG. 1, for example, the combined heat and power supply device 10 and the hot water storage tank 20 are connected to each other by a heat recovery path 21.

The combined heat and power device 10 includes, for example, a fuel cell 11, a reformer 12, a heat exchanger 13, and a pump 14.

The fuel cell 11 uses the fuel gas and the oxidant gas to generate electric power. The reformer 12 produces fuel gas by reforming a raw material gas such as city gas. The fuel gas includes hydrogen gas. The oxidant gas is typically air. The model of the fuel cell 11 is not particularly limited. The fuel cell 11 is a solid polymer fuel cell, a solid oxide fuel cell, a phosphoric acid fuel cell, or a molten carbonate fuel cell. When pure hydrogen gas is supplied to the fuel cell 11, the reformer 12 may be omitted.

The heat exchanger 13 may be a cooler that cools at least one gas selected from the anode off gas of the fuel cell 11, the cathode off gas of the fuel cell 11, and the combustion exhaust gas to generate condensed water. The heat exchanger 13 may be divided into a plurality of parts so that the plurality of gases can be individually cooled. The heat exchanger 13 is connected to the hot water storage tank 20 so that the water stored in the lower part of the hot water storage tank 20 can flow to the heat exchanger 13 as a cooling medium. Condensed water is stored in a condensed water tank (not shown). The water stored in the condensed water tank is supplied to the reformer 12 and used to generate fuel gas. The combustion exhaust gas is the combustion exhaust gas of the burner for raising the temperature of the reformer 12. As the fuel for the burner, the anode off gas of the fuel cell 11 can be used. The heat exchanger 13 is a gas-liquid heat exchanger such as a fin tube type heat exchanger or a plate type heat exchanger.

The heat recovery path 21 includes a first portion 21a and a second portion 21b. The first portion 21a connects the lower part of the hot water storage tank 20 and the inlet of the heat exchanger 13. The second portion 21b connects the outlet of the heat exchanger 13 and the upper part of the hot water storage tank 20. The first portion 21a constitutes an upstream portion of the heat recovery path 21. The second portion 21b constitutes a downstream portion of the heat recovery path 21. The first portion 21a is a flow path for guiding the water to be heated in the heat exchanger 13 to the heat exchanger 13. The second portion 21b is a flow path for guiding the water (hot water) heated in the heat exchanger 13 to the hot water storage tank 20.

The pump 14 is arranged in the heat recovery path 21. Water is supplied from the hot water storage tank 20 to the heat exchanger 13 by the action of the pump 14, and the generated hot water is returned from the heat exchanger 13 to the hot water storage tank 20. In this embodiment, the pump 14 is arranged in the first portion 21a of the heat recovery path 21. The pump 14 may be located in the second portion 21b.

Each of the pumps used in the cogeneration system 1 is a positive displacement pump such as a piston pump, a plunger pump, a gear pump, and a vane pump.

A temperature sensor 22 is provided in the heat recovery path 21. The temperature sensor 22 detects the temperature of water flowing through the heat recovery path 21. In this embodiment, the temperature sensor 22 is arranged in the first portion 21a of the heat recovery path 21. When the temperature sensor 22 is arranged in the first portion 21a, the temperature of the water to be supplied from the hot water storage tank 20 to the heat exchanger 13 can be accurately detected. However, the temperature sensor 22 may be arranged in the second portion 21b.

When the temperature of the water detected by the temperature sensor 22 is equal to or lower than the threshold temperature (for example, 45 ° C. or lower), there is no possibility that the combined heat and power supply device 10 will run out of water, and the operation of the fuel cell 11 can be continued. When the temperature of water detected by the temperature sensor 22 is higher than the threshold temperature, there is a possibility that the combined heat and power supply device 10 will run out of water. When there is a risk that the combined heat and power supply device 10 will run out of water, power generation may be stopped.

Each of the temperature sensors used in the cogeneration system 1 is, for example, a temperature sensor using a thermistor or a temperature sensor using a thermocouple.

As shown in FIG. 1, the hot water storage tank 20 is composed of, for example, a container having heat insulation and pressure resistance. The hot water storage tank 20 is provided with, for example, a plurality of temperature sensors 25a to 25e. The temperature sensors 25a to 25e are arranged at substantially equal intervals along the vertical direction. The temperature sensors 25a to 25e may be arranged inside the hot water storage tank 20 or may be arranged on the surface of the hot water storage tank 20.

The temperature sensors 25a to 25e detect the temperature of the hot water stored in the hot water storage tank 20. Hot hot water is stored in the upper part of the hot water storage tank 20. When hot water is used, city water is replenished to the lower part of the hot water storage tank 20. Therefore, a temperature stratification of hot water is formed inside the hot water storage tank 20. The heat storage state of the hot water storage tank 20 can be grasped from the detected values of the temperature sensors 25a to 25e.

A water supply path 27 is connected to the lower part of the hot water storage tank 20. When the hot water in the hot water storage tank 20 is consumed, city water is replenished to the hot water storage tank 20 through the water supply route 27. Therefore, the water supply pressure of city water is applied to the hot water storage tank 20.

The cogeneration system 1 further includes a circulation path 30 and a bypass path 31.

The circulation path 30 is a path for using the hot water in the hot water storage tank 20 for heating by circulating hot water between the hot water storage tank 20 and the heat exchanger 42. The circulation route 30 includes an outward route portion 30a and a return route portion 30b. The outward route portion 30a and the return route portion 30b each connect the hot water storage tank 20 and the heat exchanger 42, respectively. Specifically, the outward route portion 30a connects the upper portion of the hot water storage tank 20 and the inlet of the heat exchanger 42. High-temperature hot water stored in the upper part of the hot water storage tank 20 can be supplied from the hot water storage tank 20 to the heat exchanger 42 through the outward route portion 30a. According to such a configuration, the frequency of use of an external heat source can be reduced. The return path portion 30b connects, for example, the outlet of the heat exchanger 42 and the lower portion of the hot water storage tank 20. Hot water is returned from the heat exchanger 42 to the lower part of the hot water storage tank 20 through the return path portion 30b. According to such a configuration, the temperature stratification inside the hot water storage tank 20 is less likely to be disturbed. The hot water (or cold water) existing in the lower part of the hot water storage tank 20 and the hot water returned to the hot water storage tank 20 are mixed in the lower part of the hot water storage tank 20.

The return path portion 30b of the circulation path 30 may be connected to the intermediate portion of the hot water storage tank 20. In this case, the hot water is returned to the middle portion of the hot water storage tank 20. In this case, since it is possible to avoid direct mixing of the low-temperature water at the lower part of the hot water storage tank 20 and the hot water returned to the intermediate portion of the hot water storage tank 20, the temperature stratification inside the hot water storage tank 20 is less likely to be disturbed. In the present specification, the "upper part of the hot water storage tank 20", the "intermediate part of the hot water storage tank 20", and the "lower part of the hot water storage tank 20" can be defined as follows. When the internal space of the hot water storage tank 20 is divided into three equal parts in the vertical direction, the uppermost part is defined as the "upper part of the hot water storage tank 20" and the lowermost part is defined as the "lower part of the hot water storage tank 20". The portion can be defined as "the middle portion of the hot water storage tank 20".

The bypass path 31 connects the outward path portion 30a of the circulation path 30 and the return path portion 30b of the circulation path 30 outside the hot water storage tank 20. According to the bypass path 31, part or all of the hot water discharged from the heat exchanger 42 can be circulated to the circulation path 30 without returning to the hot water storage tank 20.

In the heat exchanger 42, the heat medium of the heating device 53 is heated to a desired temperature by heat exchange between the hot water stored in the hot water storage tank 20 and the heat medium of the heating device 53. Examples of the heating device 53 include a radiant heating device such as a floor heating device. The heat medium of the heating device 53 is a liquid such as water, brine, or oil. The heating device 53 is connected to the heat exchanger 42 by a heat medium circuit 50. A pump 51 is arranged in the heat medium circuit 50. By operating the pump 51, the heat medium can be circulated between the heat exchanger 42 and the heating device 53.

The circulation path 30 is provided with a mixing valve 32, a pump 34, and a backup heat source machine 36.

The mixing valve 32 is arranged at a connection position between the bypass path 31 and the outward path portion 30a of the circulation path 30. A bypass path 31 is connected to the inlet of the mixing valve 32. By controlling the mixing valve 32, the mixing ratio of the hot water to be newly supplied from the hot water storage tank 20 and the hot water flowing through the bypass path 31 can be adjusted. As a result, hot water having an optimum temperature can be supplied to the heat exchanger 42. It is also possible to reduce the frequency of use of an external heat source such as the backup heat source machine 36.

The backup heat source machine 36 heats, for example, hot water flowing through the outward path portion 30a of the circulation path 30. In the outward path portion 30a of the circulation path 30, the backup heat source machine 36 is located between the mixing valve 32 and the heat exchanger 42. The pump 34 is located between the mixing valve 32 and the backup heat source machine 36. The hot water stored in the hot water storage tank 20 passes through the backup heat source machine 36 and is supplied to the heat exchanger 42. A path for bypassing the backup heat source machine 36 may be provided.

Instead of the mixing valve 32, a switching valve that allows and shuts off the flow of hot water in the bypass path 31 may be provided. The switching valve is, for example, a three-way valve arranged at a connection position between the bypass path 31 and the outward path portion 30a of the circulation path 30. When fine temperature control is not required, the switching valve may be able to select between the first state in which the entire amount of hot water is returned to the hot water storage tank 20 and the second state in which the entire amount of hot water is guided to the bypass path 31. If the return temperature is higher than the threshold temperature, the switching valve selects the first state described above. Since it is possible to reliably prevent hot water having a temperature higher than the threshold temperature from returning to the hot water storage tank 20, it is easy to maintain the temperature stratification inside the hot water storage tank 20. Further, with a simple configuration, it is possible to reliably prevent hot water having a temperature higher than the threshold temperature from returning to the hot water storage tank 20. The three-way valve can be replaced by a plurality of on-off valves.

A temperature sensor 38 is provided in the circulation path 30. In the present embodiment, the temperature sensor 38 is arranged in the return path portion 30b of the circulation path 30. More specifically, the temperature sensor 38 is located at the return path portion 30b at a position between the heat exchanger 42 and the position P. The position P is a connection position between the bypass path 31 and the return path portion 30b of the circulation path 30. With such a configuration, the temperature of the hot water to be returned from the heat exchanger 42 to the hot water storage tank 20 can be accurately detected.

The hot water supply path 57 branches from the circulation path 30. The connection position between the circulation path 30 and the hot water supply path 57 is between the backup heat source machine 36 and the heat exchanger 42. The hot water in the hot water storage tank 20 can be supplied to the hot water tap 59 through the hot water supply path 57.

The control device 70 is typically a digital computer in which a program for operating the cogeneration system 1 is executably stored. The control device 70 may be composed of a single digital computer, or may be composed of a plurality of digital computers capable of communicating with each other. A signal indicating the detection results of the temperature sensors 22, 25a to 25e and 38 is input to the control device 70. Detection signals are also input to the controller 23 from other measuring devices (not shown) such as another temperature sensor, flow meter, wattmeter, and gas sensor. In the control device 70, the controller 23 includes a pump 14, a pump 34, a mixing valve 32, a backup heat source machine 36, a pump 51, a hot water tap 59, etc., based on information indicating a specific operation pattern and measurement results of various measuring devices. Control the control target.

Next, an example of the process for selecting the operation pattern of the combined heat and power supply device 10 in the cogeneration system 1 will be described.

As shown in FIG. 2, in step S1, the control device 70 has a time-series historical data Dhw of the heat load associated with hot water supply, a time-series historical data Dhh of the heat load associated with heating, and a time-series historical data of the power load. Generate and store Dhe. Next, the process proceeds to step S2, and the control device 70 determines the time-series prediction data Dpw of the heat load associated with hot water supply, the time-series prediction data Dph of the heat load associated with heating, and the time-series prediction of the power load in a specific period. Generate data Dpe. In step S2, for example, the prediction data Dpw is generated based on the history data Dhw, the prediction data Dph is generated based on the history data Dhh, and the prediction data Dpe is generated based on the history data Dhe.

Next, the process proceeds to step S3, and the control device 70 generates the operation pattern Pc of the heat and power cogeneration device 10 in a specific period. The operation pattern Pc is defined by at least one of the operation start time and the operation end time of the combined heat and power supply device 10. Next, the process proceeds to step S4, and the control device 70 determines whether or not the operation pattern Pc satisfies the condition Cf. The condition Cf is a constraint condition regarding the operation of the combined heat and power supply device 10. The condition Cf is that, for example, the operation start time and the operation end time of the combined heat and power device 10 in the operation pattern Pc are not included in the operation prohibition time zone of the combined heat and power device 10. Further, the condition Cf may be that the period from the operation start time to the operation end time in the operation pattern Pc does not exceed the continuous operation possible time of the combined heat and power supply device 10. In addition, the condition Cf may be that the period from the previous operation end time to the operation start time in the operation pattern Pc is equal to or longer than the required stop period.

If the determination result in step S4 is affirmative, the control device 70 proceeds to step S5 and generates information Db regarding the energy balance in a specific period for the operation pattern Pc. Next, the process proceeds to step S6, and it is determined whether or not the generated information Db is the best. For example, the control device 70 makes a determination in step S6 by comparing the newly generated information Db with the information Db of the optimum operation pattern Pb stored in the control device 70.

If the determination result in step S6 is affirmative, the process proceeds to step S7 to update the optimum operation pattern Pb. In other words, the control device 70 stores the operation pattern Pc corresponding to the newly generated information Db as the optimum operation pattern Pb.

If the determination result in step S4 is negative, or if the determination result in step S6 is negative, the process proceeds to step S8. In addition, the process proceeds to step S8 after step S7. In step S8, the control device 70 determines whether or not the information Db is generated for all the operation patterns Pc. If the determination result in step S8 is negative, the process proceeds to step S10, the operation pattern Pc is updated, and the process returns to step S4. If the determination result in step S8 is affirmative, the process proceeds to step S9, determines that the currently stored optimum operation pattern Pb is optimal for all operation patterns Pc, and ends a series of processes. The control device 70 operates the heat and power cogeneration device 10 according to the optimum operation pattern Pb in a specific period.

Next, an example of processing for generating information Db regarding the energy balance in a specific period for the operation pattern Pc will be described.

When the process of step S5 is performed in the series of processes shown in FIG. 1, the process of step S101 shown in FIG. 3A is started. As shown in FIG. 3A, in step S101, the control device 70 acquires information regarding the state of the combined heat and power supply device 10. For example, the control device 70 acquires information on whether or not the combined heat and power supply device 10 is currently generating electricity. Next, the process proceeds to step S102, and the control device 70 updates the time to be analyzed. The initial value of the time to be analyzed includes the start time t0 of the specific period. The time to be analyzed is updated by adding a predetermined time step Δt. Next, the process proceeds to step S103, and the control device 70 calculates the integrated power consumption Tcl associated with the power load up to the end time of the time to be analyzed based on the prediction data Dpe. Next, the process proceeds to step S104, and it is determined whether or not the combined heat and power supply device 10 is generating power at the time to be analyzed by referring to the operation pattern Pc. If the determination result in step S104 is affirmative, the process proceeds to step S105, and the control device 70 calculates the predicted data Dps of the amount of heat stored in the hot water storage tank 20 by the power generation of the combined heat and power supply device 10. For example, the control device 70 adds the increment ΔQ of the amount of heat stored in the hot water storage tank 20 by the power generation of the combined heat and power supply device 10 to the prediction data Dps stored in the control device 70 immediately before the execution of step S105. .. Next, the process proceeds to step S106, and the control device 70 calculates the integrated power generation amount Tg of the combined heat and power supply device 10 up to the end time of the time to be analyzed. Next, the process proceeds to step S107, and the control device 70 calculates the integrated power consumption Tcp and the integrated heat consumption Tcq of the combined heat and power supply device 10 up to the end time of the time to be analyzed. In this case, in step S107, the integrated power consumption Tcp and the integrated heat consumption Tcq of the combined heat and power device 10 are calculated based on the fact that the combined heat and power device 10 is generating electricity. If the determination result in step S104 is negative, the control device 70 skips the processes of steps S105 and S106 and proceeds to step S107. In this case, in step S107, the integrated power consumption Tcp and the integrated heat consumption Tcq of the combined heat and power device 10 are calculated based on the fact that the combined heat and power device 10 is not generating electricity. The combined heat and power supply device 10 consumes a predetermined amount of electric power and heat for reasons such as maintenance of the equipment even when the power generation is not in progress.

When the process of step S107 is completed, the process proceeds to step S108, and the control device 70 determines whether or not the predicted data Dpw has a heat load at the time to be analyzed. As a result, it is determined whether or not there is a heat load associated with hot water supply at the time to be analyzed. If the determination result in step S108 is affirmative, the process proceeds to step S109, and it is determined whether or not the amount of heat of the predicted data Dps is equal to or greater than the heat load of the predicted data Dpw. If the determination result in step S109 is affirmative, the process proceeds to step S110, the heat load of the predicted data Dpw is subtracted from the heat quantity of the predicted data Dps, and the value of the predicted data Dps is updated. If the determination result in step S109 is negative, the process proceeds to step S111, and the control device 70 determines whether or not the calorific value of the predicted data Dps exceeds the reference value. For example, the reference value corresponds to the state of the hot water storage tank 20 when the combined heat and power supply device 10 is before the start of power generation. If the determination result in step S111 is affirmative, the process proceeds to step S112, and the control device 70 subtracts a part of the heat load of the predicted data Dpw from the predicted data Dps and changes the predicted data Dps to the reference value. That is, a part of the heat load of the predicted data Dpw corresponds to the difference Δr between the calorific value of the predicted data Dps and the reference value. Next, the process proceeds to step S113, and the control device 70 calculates the integrated heat consumption Tbc of the backup heat source machine 36. The control device 70 calculates, for example, the heat consumption ΔQp1 of the backup heat source machine 36 when the other part of the heat load of the predicted data Dpw (heat load −Δr of the predicted data Dpw) is covered by the backup heat source machine 36. Then, the control device 70 adds ΔQp1 to the cumulative heat consumption Tbc stored in the control device 70 immediately before the execution of step S113 to calculate the cumulative heat consumption Tbc at the end time of the time to be analyzed. In the calculation of ΔQp1, a coefficient related to the combustion efficiency of the backup heat source machine 36 corresponding to the heat load associated with hot water supply is used. Specifically, this coefficient is used in multiplication for the calculation of ΔQp1. If the determination result in step S111 is negative, the process proceeds to step S114, and the integrated heat consumption Tbc of the backup heat source machine 36 is calculated. The control device 70 calculates, for example, the heat consumption ΔQt1 of the backup heat source machine 36 when the entire heat load of the prediction data Dpw is covered by the backup heat source machine 36. Then, the control device 70 adds ΔQt1 to the cumulative heat consumption Tbc stored in the control device 70 immediately before the execution of step S113 to calculate the cumulative heat consumption Tbc at the end time of the time to be analyzed. Also in the calculation of ΔQt1, the above coefficient regarding the combustion efficiency of the backup heat source machine 36 corresponding to the heat load associated with the hot water supply is used.

As shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, if the determination result in step S108 is negative, the process proceeds to step S115. Further, when the processing of step S110, step S113, or step S114 is completed, the process proceeds to step S115.

As shown in FIG. 3B, in step S115, the control device 70 determines whether or not the predicted data Dph has a heat load at the time to be analyzed. As a result, it is determined whether or not there is a heat load associated with heating at the time to be analyzed. If the determination result in step S115 is affirmative, the process proceeds to step S116, and it is determined whether or not the calorific value of the predicted data Dps is equal to or greater than the heat load of the predicted data Dph. If the determination result in step S116 is affirmative, the process proceeds to step S117, the heat load of the predicted data Dph is subtracted from the heat quantity of the predicted data Dps, and the value of the predicted data Dps is updated. If the determination result in step S116 is negative, the process proceeds to step S118, and the control device 70 determines whether or not the calorific value of the predicted data Dps exceeds the reference value. If the determination result in step S118 is affirmative, the process proceeds to step S119, and the control device 70 subtracts a part of the heat load of the predicted data Dph from the predicted data Dps and changes the predicted data Dps to the reference value. That is, a part of the heat load of the predicted data Dph corresponds to the difference Δr between the calorific value of the predicted data Dps and the reference value. Next, the process proceeds to step S120, and the control device 70 calculates the integrated heat consumption Tbc of the backup heat source machine 36. The control device 70 calculates, for example, the heat consumption ΔQp2 of the backup heat source machine 36 when the other part of the heat load of the predicted data Dph (heat load −Δr of the predicted data Dph) is covered by the backup heat source machine 36. Then, the control device 70 adds ΔQp2 to the cumulative heat consumption Tbc stored in the control device 70 immediately before the execution of step S120 to calculate the cumulative heat consumption Tbc at the end time of the time to be analyzed. In the calculation of ΔQp2, a coefficient related to the combustion efficiency of the backup heat source machine 36 corresponding to the heat load associated with heating is used. Specifically, this coefficient is used in multiplication for the calculation of ΔQp2. If the determination result in step S118 is negative, the process proceeds to step S121 to calculate the integrated heat consumption Tbc of the backup heat source machine 36. The control device 70 calculates, for example, the heat consumption ΔQt2 of the backup heat source machine 36 when the entire heat load of the prediction data Dph is covered by the backup heat source machine 36. Then, the control device 70 adds ΔQt2 to the cumulative heat consumption Tbc stored in the control device 70 immediately before the execution of step S113 to calculate the cumulative heat consumption Tbc at the end time of the time to be analyzed. Also in the calculation of ΔQt2, the above coefficient regarding the combustion efficiency of the backup heat source machine 36 corresponding to the heat load associated with heating is used.

As shown in FIGS. 3B and 3C, if the determination result in step S115 is negative, the process proceeds to step S122. Further, when the processing of step S117, step S120, or step S121 is completed, the process proceeds to step S122. As shown in FIG. 3C, in step S122, the control device 70 determines whether or not the time to be analyzed is the last. That is, the control device 70 refers to the operation pattern Pc and determines whether or not the time to be analyzed includes the end time tf of the specific period. If the determination result in step S122 is affirmative, the control device 70 subtracts the integrated power consumption Tcl, the integrated power consumption Tcp, the integrated heat consumption Tcq, and the integrated heat consumption Tbc from the integrated power generation amount Tg to obtain the information Db. Generate. As a result, the process for generating the information Db regarding the energy balance is completed. Then, the process proceeds to step S6 shown in FIG. As shown in FIGS. 3A and 3C, if the determination result in step S122 is negative, the process returns to step S102.

The control device 70 displays time-series prediction data of the power load, the heat load associated with hot water supply, and the heat load associated with heating in a specific period defined by the start time t0 and the end time tf, respectively, in FIGS. 4A, 4B, and 4B. It is assumed that it was generated as shown in 4C. In addition, it is assumed that the control device 70 has generated the first operation pattern and the second operation pattern of the combined heat and power supply device 10. The first operation pattern is defined by the operation start time ts1 and the operation end time te1. The second operation pattern is defined by the operation start time ts2 and the operation end time tf.

When the combined heat and power supply device 10 is operated according to the second operation pattern, a graph shown by a chain line in FIG. 4D is obtained as time-series prediction data of the amount of heat stored in the hot water storage tank 20. As shown in FIG. 4D, according to the prediction data of the heat load associated with heating, the heat load is generated at time ts1. As shown in FIG. 4D, according to the second operation pattern, a predetermined amount of heat is stored in the hot water storage tank 20 by the time ts1, and the backup heat source machine 36 is provided by covering a part of the heat load associated with the heating with this heat amount. The amount of heat consumed can be reduced. On the other hand, when the combined heat and power device 10 is operated according to the first operation pattern, the operation of the combined heat and power device 10 is started at time ts1, so that the amount of heat consumed by the backup heat source machine 36 tends to be large. Further, when the combined heat and power device 10 is operated according to the second operation pattern, the power load generated in the period from the time te1 to the time tf1 can be covered by the power generation of the combined heat and power device 10. On the other hand, when the combined heat and power device 10 is operated according to the first operation pattern, the operation of the combined heat and power device 10 ends at time te1. Therefore, the power load generated during the period from time te1 to time tf1 needs to be covered by an external power source of the cogeneration system 1. Therefore, the second operation pattern is more advantageous than the first operation pattern from the viewpoint of energy balance, and in the above assumption, the control device 70 operates the heat and power cogeneration device 10 according to the second operation pattern in a specific period. To control.

The technique of the present disclosure is useful for heating using hot water in a cogeneration system.

1 Cogeneration system 10 Combined heat and power supply device 15 Inverter 20 Hot water storage tank 36 Backup heat source machine 42 Heat exchanger 53 Heating device 59 Hot water tap 70 Control device 100 Equipment 150 Commercial power supply

Claims (6)

A combined heat and power device that can operate according to the power load,
An inverter for grid-connecting the electric power generated in the combined heat and power device to a commercial power source that supplies electric power to the device that generates the electric power load.
A hot water storage tank that stores hot water generated by utilizing the heat generated in the combined heat and power device, and
With the hot water tap connected to the hot water storage tank,
A heat exchanger that causes heat exchange between the hot water and the heat medium of the heating device,
A backup heat source machine that heats the hot water flowing toward the water heater and the heat exchanger.
Equipped with a control device,
The control device is
Time-series historical data of the heat load associated with the hot water supply from the hot water tap, the heat load associated with the heating by the heating device, and the electric power load are generated and stored.
For a specific period, time-series prediction data of the heat load associated with the hot water supply, the heat load associated with the heating, and the electric power load are generated based on the historical data.
A plurality of operation patterns of the combined heat and power apparatus are generated, which are determined by at least one of different operation start times and different operation end times of the combined heat and power apparatus in the specific period.
Assuming that the heat and power cogeneration device is operated according to each of the plurality of operation patterns, the integrated power generation amount of the heat and power cogeneration device in the specific period, the integrated power consumption amount associated with the power load in the specific period, and the specific period. The cumulative power consumption of the combined heat and power supply device, the cumulative heat consumption of the backup heat source machine when the backup heat source machine compensates for the shortage of the heat stored in the hot water storage tank in the specific period, and the thermoelectric power in the specific period. The integrated heat consumption associated with the power generation of the cogeneration device is predicted for each of the plurality of operation patterns based on the prediction data, and information on the energy balance in the specific period is generated.
A specific operation pattern is selected from the plurality of operation patterns based on the information regarding the energy balance to control the operation of the combined heat and power supply device .
The information regarding the energy balance is associated with the integrated power consumption amount associated with the power load, the integrated power consumption amount of the heat and power cogeneration device, the integrated heat consumption amount of the backup heat source machine, and the power generation of the heat and power cogeneration device. It is determined by subtracting the integrated heat consumption amount from the integrated power generation amount of the combined heat and power supply device.
Cogeneration system. In the heating by the heating device, the hot water stored in the hot water storage tank is the backup heat source when the temperature of the hot water stored in the hot water storage tank is lower than the required temperature for the hot water supplied to the heat exchanger. When the temperature of the hot water stored in the hot water storage tank is higher than the required temperature, it is supplied to the heat exchanger without being heated by the backup heat source machine.
In the generation of the historical data, the control device accompanies the heating with a heat load that can be covered by the hot water stored in the hot water storage tank in a state where it is assumed that the hot water storage tank has a predetermined temperature and a predetermined amount of hot water. Treated as the heat load,
The cogeneration system according to claim 1. In the heating by the heating device, the accumulated was the hot water in the hot water storage tank, the heat exchanger required temperature is rather high than the threshold for the hot water to be supplied to, and the of the hot water stored in the hot water storage tank the high Itoki than the temperature supplied to the heat exchanger is heated by the backup heat source unit, the required temperature is rather low than the threshold value, and wherein said backup than the temperature of the hot water stored in the hot water storage tank to the low Itoki It is supplied to the heat exchanger without being heated by the heat source machine.
In the generation of the historical data, the control device determines the heat load associated with the heating based on the temperature of the hot water supplied from the hot water storage tank toward the heat exchanger.
The cogeneration system according to claim 1 or 2. In the prediction of the integrated heat consumption of the backup heat source machine, the heat consumption of the backup heat source machine corresponding to the heat load associated with the heating in the prediction data and the heat load associated with the hot water supply in the prediction data are supported. The amount of heat consumed by the backup heat source machine is determined in consideration of the difference between the heat efficiency of the backup heat source machine corresponding to the heat load associated with the heating and the heat efficiency of the backup heat source machine corresponding to the heat load associated with the hot water supply. The cogeneration system according to any one of Items 1 to 3. In the prediction of the integrated heat consumption of the backup heat source machine, the control device accompanies the result of the heat consumption of the backup heat source machine corresponding to the heat load associated with the heating in the prediction data or the hot water supply in the prediction data. The cogeneration system according to claim 4 , wherein the result of the heat consumption of the backup heat source machine corresponding to the heat load is corrected by a specific correction coefficient. To operate the combined heat and power device according to the power load,
Connecting the power generated in the combined heat and power device to the commercial power supply that supplies power to the device that generates the power load, and
Using the heat generated in the combined heat and power system to generate hot water and store it in the hot water storage tank.
The heat exchanger causes heat exchange between the hot water and the heat medium of the heating device, and
The backup heat source machine heats the hot water tap connected to the hot water storage tank and the hot water flowing toward the heat exchanger.
To generate and store historical data of each time series of the heat load associated with the hot water supply from the hot water tap, the heat load associated with the heating by the heating device, and the electric power load.
To generate forecast data of each time series of the heat load associated with the hot water supply, the heat load associated with the heating, and the electric power load in a specific period based on the historical data.
To generate a plurality of operation patterns of the combined heat and power apparatus defined by at least one of different operation start times and different operation end times of the combined heat and power apparatus in the specific period.
Assuming that the heat and power cogeneration device is operated according to each of the plurality of operation patterns, the integrated power generation amount of the heat and power cogeneration device in the specific period, the integrated power consumption amount associated with the power load in the specific period, and the specific period. The cumulative power consumption of the combined heat and power supply device, the cumulative heat consumption of the backup heat source machine when the backup heat source machine compensates for the shortage of the heat stored in the hot water storage tank in the specific period, and the thermoelectric power in the specific period. To generate information on the energy balance in the specific period by predicting the integrated heat consumption associated with the power generation of the cogeneration device for each of the plurality of operation patterns based on the prediction data.
Controlling the operation of the combined heat and power device by selecting a specific operation pattern from the plurality of operation patterns based on the information on the energy balance.
The integrated power consumption amount associated with the power load, the integrated power consumption amount of the heat and power cogeneration device, the integrated heat consumption amount of the backup heat source machine, and the integrated heat consumption amount associated with the power generation of the heat and power cogeneration device. Includes determining information about the energy balance by subtracting from the integrated power generation of the combined heat and power device.
How to operate a cogeneration system.

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