JP6751564B2 - centrifuge - Google Patents
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- JP6751564B2 JP6751564B2 JP2016014964A JP2016014964A JP6751564B2 JP 6751564 B2 JP6751564 B2 JP 6751564B2 JP 2016014964 A JP2016014964 A JP 2016014964A JP 2016014964 A JP2016014964 A JP 2016014964A JP 6751564 B2 JP6751564 B2 JP 6751564B2
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Description
本発明は遠心分離機に関し、スクリューコンベアの軽量化と脱水性能を向上させる技術に係るものである。 The present invention relates to a centrifuge and relates to a technique for reducing the weight of a screw conveyor and improving dehydration performance.
従来、例えば下水処理過程で発生する汚泥を処理する装置として、遠心脱水機や遠心濃縮機等の遠心分離機がある。
遠心脱水機は、汚泥を高速回転させることで、汚泥分と水分を比重差によって分離し、脱水するものであり、例えば特許文献１に記載するものがある。
Conventionally, for example, as a device for treating sludge generated in a sewage treatment process, there is a centrifuge such as a centrifugal dehydrator or a centrifugal concentrator.
The centrifugal dehydrator separates the sludge content and the water content by the difference in specific gravity by rotating the sludge at a high speed and dehydrates the sludge. For example, there is one described in Patent Document 1.
これは図５に示すものであり、遠心脱水機１００は、主構造部材１０１の上に配置する脱水本体部１０４を軸受け部１０５ａ、１０５ｂで支持している。
脱水本体部１０４は、円筒直胴状のボウル１０６とボウル１０６の内部に配置する内胴１０７とを同心状に有し、軸受け部１０５ａ、１０５ｂがボウル１０６の回転軸心方向の両端の回転軸部１０６ａ、１０６ｂを回転可能に支持し、ボウル１０６が内胴１０７の回転軸心方向の両端の回転軸部１０７ａ、１０７ｂを回転可能に支持しており、同心状に配置されたボウル１０６と内胴１０７は同じ回転軸心廻りに回転可能である。
This is shown in FIG. 5, and the centrifugal dehydrator 100 supports a dehydration main body portion 104 arranged on the main structural member 101 with bearing portions 105a and 105b.
The dehydration main body 104 has a cylindrical straight body-shaped bowl 106 and an inner body 107 arranged inside the bowl 106 concentrically, and bearing portions 105a and 105b are rotation shafts at both ends of the bowl 106 in the direction of the rotation axis. The portions 106a and 106b are rotatably supported, and the bowl 106 rotatably supports the rotating shaft portions 107a and 107b at both ends of the inner body 107 in the direction of the rotation axis, and is inside the bowl 106 arranged concentrically. The body 107 is rotatable around the same axis of rotation.
内胴１０７は内胴外周に回転軸心の周りに螺旋状に設けた羽根１０８を有してスクリューコンベア１０９を構成している。
ボウル１０６は回転軸心方向の一端側が主として分離した水分の分離液Ｗが滞留する分離液領域部１１０を形成しており、回転軸心方向の他端側が主として分離した汚泥分の脱水ケーキＫを移送する脱水ケーキ領域部１１１を形成している。ボウル１０６の回転軸心方向の一端側の端部壁１１０ａには複数の分離液排出口１１２が回転軸心から等距離の位置に、かつ回転軸心廻りに所定間隔で配置されている。
The inner body 107 has blades 108 spirally provided around the center of rotation on the outer periphery of the inner body to form a screw conveyor 109.
The bowl 106 forms a separated liquid region portion 110 in which the separated liquid W of the separated water mainly stays on one end side in the rotation axis direction, and the dewatered cake K of the sludge mainly separated on the other end side in the rotation axis direction. The dehydrated cake region portion 111 to be transferred is formed. A plurality of separating liquid discharge ports 112 are arranged at positions equidistant from the center of rotation and at predetermined intervals around the center of rotation on the end wall 110a on one end side in the direction of the center of rotation of the bowl 106.
各分離液排出口１１２にはダムプレート（堰板）１１２ａが各分離液排出口の開口の一部を覆って装着されている。ダムプレート１１２ａは、ボウル１０６のボウル径方向における位置を調整することにより、ボウル１０６における分離液Ｗの上限水位となる分離液排出口１１２での堰高さを設定する。ボウル１０６の回転軸心方向の他端側の周壁には複数の脱水ケーキ排出口１１３が回転軸心を中心とする放射状の位置に、かつ回転軸心廻りに所定間隔で配置されている。 A dam plate (weir plate) 112a is attached to each separation liquid discharge port 112 so as to cover a part of the opening of each separation liquid discharge port. The dam plate 112a sets the weir height at the separation liquid discharge port 112, which is the upper limit water level of the separation liquid W in the bowl 106, by adjusting the position of the bowl 106 in the bowl radial direction. On the peripheral wall on the other end side of the bowl 106 in the direction of the rotation axis, a plurality of dehydrated cake discharge ports 113 are arranged at radial positions around the rotation axis and at predetermined intervals around the rotation axis.
内胴１０７はボウル１０６の他端側に対応する部位がボウル１０６の他端に近づくほどに内胴外径がテーパ状に拡大する拡径部をなし、内胴１０７とボウル１０６の間の脱水ケーキ領域部１１１がボウル１０６の他端に近づくほどに狭くなり、内胴１０７の他端外周面とボウル１０６の他端内周面との間の隘路１０６ｃが脱水ケーキ領域部１１１と脱水ケーキ排出口１１３を連通している。 The inner body 107 has a diameter-expanded portion in which the outer diameter of the inner body expands in a tapered shape as the portion corresponding to the other end side of the bowl 106 approaches the other end of the bowl 106, and the inner body 107 is dehydrated between the inner body 107 and the bowl 106. The cake region 111 becomes narrower as it approaches the other end of the bowl 106, and the boundary 106c between the outer peripheral surface of the other end of the inner body 107 and the inner peripheral surface of the other end of the bowl 106 becomes the dehydrated cake region 111 and the dehydrated cake discharge. It communicates with the exit 113.
脱水本体部１０４は、内胴１０７がボウル１０６に対して所定の差速で回転し、スクリューコンベア１０９がボウル１０６の内周面上で脱水ケーキＫをボウル１０６の他端側に向けて移送し、脱水ケーキＫが脱水ケーキ領域部１１１から隘路１０６ｃを通して脱水ケーキ排出口１１３に押し出される。 In the dehydration main body 104, the inner body 107 rotates at a predetermined difference speed with respect to the bowl 106, and the screw conveyor 109 transfers the dehydrated cake K on the inner peripheral surface of the bowl 106 toward the other end side of the bowl 106. , The dehydrated cake K is extruded from the dehydrated cake region 111 through the narrow path 106c to the dehydrated cake discharge port 113.
脱水本体部１０４を覆って配置するハウジング１１４は主構造部材１０１に固定してあり、分離液領域部１１０の分離液排出口１１２を囲む部位に下方に向けて開口する分離液放出口１１５を有し、脱水ケーキ領域部１１１の脱水ケーキ排出口１１３を囲む部位に下方に向けて開口する脱水ケーキ放出口１１６を有している。 The housing 114 arranged so as to cover the dehydrated main body portion 104 is fixed to the main structural member 101, and has a separation liquid discharge port 115 that opens downward at a portion surrounding the separation liquid discharge port 112 of the separation liquid region portion 110. A dehydrated cake discharge port 116 that opens downward at a portion surrounding the dehydrated cake discharge port 113 of the dehydrated cake region 111 is provided.
軸受け部１０５ｂで支持された脱水ケーキ領域部１１１の側の回転軸部１０６ｂおよび回転軸部１０６ｂを貫通する内胴１０７の回転軸１０７ｂには差速装置として油圧モータ１１８を接続し、油圧モータ１１８に駆動源の駆動モータや油圧ポンプ（図示せず）が連結されている。 A hydraulic motor 118 is connected as a speed difference device to the rotating shaft portion 106b on the side of the dehydrated cake region portion 111 supported by the bearing portion 105b and the rotating shaft 107b of the inner body 107 penetrating the rotating shaft portion 106b. The drive motor and hydraulic pump (not shown) of the drive source are connected to.
汚泥供給管１２０は、軸受け部１０５ａで支持された分離液領域部１１０の側の回転軸部１０６ａを貫通して内胴１０７の内部に挿入されており、先端開口１２０ａが内胴１０７の汚泥投入部１２１の壁面に対向している。薬剤供給管１２２は、汚泥供給管１２０の内部に挿入されており、先端開口１２２ａが内胴１０７の汚泥投入部１２１の壁面に対向している。 The sludge supply pipe 120 penetrates the rotating shaft portion 106a on the side of the separation liquid region portion 110 supported by the bearing portion 105a and is inserted into the inner body 107, and the tip opening 120a is inserted into the sludge of the inner body 107. It faces the wall surface of the portion 121. The chemical supply pipe 122 is inserted inside the sludge supply pipe 120, and the tip opening 122a faces the wall surface of the sludge injection portion 121 of the inner body 107.
内胴１０７の汚泥投入部１２１の周壁には分離液領域部１１０の内部に向けて開口する複数の汚泥投入口１２１ａが回転軸心を中心とする放射状の位置に、かつ回転軸心廻りに所定間隔で配置されている。 A plurality of sludge inlets 121a that open toward the inside of the separation liquid region 110 are predetermined on the peripheral wall of the sludge inlet 121 of the inner cylinder 107 at radial positions centered on the rotation axis and around the rotation axis. They are arranged at intervals.
この構成では、原汚泥Ｓを汚泥供給管１２０を通して高速回転する内胴１０７の汚泥投入部１２１に供給するとともに、高分子凝集剤Ｃを薬剤供給管１２２を通して高速回転する内胴１０７の汚泥投入部１２１に供給して混合し、原汚泥Ｓと高分子凝集剤Ｃの混合汚泥を汚泥投入部１２１の汚泥投入口１２１ａから高速回転するボウル１０６の内部に投入する。 In this configuration, the raw sludge S is supplied to the sludge charging section 121 of the inner cylinder 107 that rotates at high speed through the sludge supply pipe 120, and the polymer flocculant C is supplied to the sludge charging section of the inner cylinder 107 that rotates at high speed through the chemical supply pipe 122. It is supplied to 121 and mixed, and the mixed sludge of the raw sludge S and the polymer flocculant C is charged into the inside of the bowl 106 that rotates at high speed from the sludge input port 121a of the sludge input unit 121.
ボウル１０６の内部で凝集した汚泥フロックＦを含む混合汚泥は、遠心力により分離液Ｗと脱水ケーキＫとに固液分離される。ボウル１０６と回転数差（差速）をもつスクリューコンベア１０９が脱水ケーキＫを脱水ケーキ領域部１１１に移送し、脱水ケーキＫは脱水ケーキ領域部１１１を移動する間に含水率がさらに低下し、脱水ケーキ排出口１１３からハウジング１１４の内部に排出され、脱水ケーキ放出口１１６から機外へ放出される。 The mixed sludge containing the sludge floc F aggregated inside the bowl 106 is solid-liquid separated into the separation liquid W and the dehydrated cake K by centrifugal force. A screw conveyor 109 having a rotation speed difference (difference speed) with the bowl 106 transfers the dehydrated cake K to the dehydrated cake region 111, and the dehydrated cake K further decreases in water content while moving through the dehydrated cake region 111. It is discharged from the dehydrated cake discharge port 113 into the inside of the housing 114, and is discharged from the dehydrated cake discharge port 116 to the outside of the machine.
ボウル１０６の分離液排出口１１２からダムプレート１１２ａを越流してハウジング１１４の内部に排出される分離液Ｗが遠心力を受けて回転軸心廻りに放散されて、分離液放出口１１５から機外へ放出される。 The separation liquid W that overflows the dam plate 112a from the separation liquid discharge port 112 of the bowl 106 and is discharged to the inside of the housing 114 receives centrifugal force and is dissipated around the center of rotation, and is discharged from the separation liquid discharge port 115 to the outside of the machine. Is released to.
上記の遠心脱水機において、脱水性能に寄与する要素としては汚泥がボウル内で遠心効果を受ける時間、すなわちボウル内滞留時間がある。このボウル内滞留時間はボウル内周面と内胴外周面との間の空間容積と汚泥投入量との関係で定まり、空間容積が大きいほどにボウル内滞留時間が長くなって脱水性能が向上する。 In the above centrifugal dehydrator, an element that contributes to the dehydration performance is the time during which the sludge undergoes the centrifugal effect in the bowl, that is, the residence time in the bowl. The residence time in the bowl is determined by the relationship between the space volume between the inner peripheral surface of the bowl and the outer peripheral surface of the inner body and the amount of sludge input. The larger the space volume, the longer the residence time in the bowl and the better the dehydration performance. ..
一方、スクリューコンベアは、脱水ケーキの含水率が低下するほどに負荷が大きくなるので、より大きな軸強度が要求されている。スクリューコンベアは、ボウル内径が大きくなるほどに羽根外径が大きくなり、必要な軸強度を確保するために内胴外径が大きくなる。結果として、空間容積が減少する要因となる。 On the other hand, the load on the screw conveyor increases as the water content of the dehydrated cake decreases, so that a larger axial strength is required. In the screw conveyor, the blade outer diameter becomes larger as the inner diameter of the bowl becomes larger, and the inner body outer diameter becomes larger in order to secure the required axial strength. As a result, it becomes a factor that the space volume is reduced.
また、遠心脱水機は高速回転機器であるために、他の下水汚泥の汚泥脱水機であるろ過式の脱水機と比較して消費エネルギーが多くて動力費用が高くなる傾向がある。
遠心脱水機の全消費動力のうち、分離液を排出するのに要する消費エネルギーは回転軸心から分離液排出口までの距離である分離液排出径によって定まり、この径が大きいほどに大きな動力を必要とする。分離液排出径が大きい場合には、ボウル内周面と分離液排出口との距離が短くなるので、この短い距離において分離液を所定の清澄度とするのに必要な固形分の濃度勾配を実現するためには、より大きな遠心力が必要でボウルの回転数および動力が増加する要因となる。しかし、分離液排出口の位置は内胴外径（スクリュー軸径）に規制されており、内胴外径が大きいと分離液排出口を回転軸心側に近づけて配置することができず、分離液排出径を小さくすることができない。
Further, since the centrifugal dehydrator is a high-speed rotating device, it consumes a large amount of energy and tends to have a high power cost as compared with a filtration type dehydrator which is a sludge dehydrator for other sewage sludge.
Of the total power consumption of the centrifugal dehydrator, the energy consumption required to discharge the separation liquid is determined by the separation liquid discharge diameter, which is the distance from the rotation axis to the separation liquid discharge port, and the larger this diameter, the greater the power. I need. When the separation liquid discharge diameter is large, the distance between the inner peripheral surface of the bowl and the separation liquid discharge port becomes short, so that the concentration gradient of the solid content required for the separation liquid to have a predetermined clarity at this short distance can be obtained. In order to achieve this, a larger centrifugal force is required, which causes an increase in the number of revolutions and power of the bowl. However, the position of the separation liquid discharge port is regulated by the inner body outer diameter (screw shaft diameter), and if the inner body outer diameter is large, the separation liquid discharge port cannot be arranged close to the rotation axis side. The separation liquid discharge diameter cannot be reduced.
さらに、ボウルは、機内に下水汚泥を入れて高速回転させるので強度、剛性を十分に確保する必要があり、一般的に板厚の大きいステンレス製であり、重量が大きくて消費エネルギーも多くなるとともに、振動も大きくなる問題があった。また、重量が大きいために、高速回転により生じる軸受損失によるエネルギーロスも多かった。 Furthermore, since the bowl is rotated at high speed by putting sewage sludge in the machine, it is necessary to secure sufficient strength and rigidity. Generally, the bowl is made of thick stainless steel, which is heavy and consumes a lot of energy. There was a problem that the vibration also increased. In addition, due to the large weight, there was a large amount of energy loss due to bearing loss caused by high-speed rotation.
本発明は上記した課題を解決するものであり、軽量化を図るとともに、脱水性能を向上させることができる遠心分離機を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a centrifuge capable of reducing weight and improving dehydration performance.
上記課題を解決するために、本発明の遠心分離機は、処理対象汚泥を遠心力で分離水と脱水ケーキに固液分離する遠心分離機であって、回転軸心廻りに回転するボウルと、回転軸心方向でボウルの一端側に設けた分離液排出口と、回転軸心方向でボウルの他端側に設けた脱水ケーキ排出口と、ボウルと同回転軸心廻りに回転してボウルの内周面上で脱水ケーキを脱水ケーキ排出口に向けて移送するスクリューコンベアを備え、スクリューコンベアは、回転軸心方向に沿って延びる内胴と、内胴外周に螺旋状に設けられて脱水ケーキを掻き寄せる羽根を有し、内胴がボウルの他端側に向けてテーパ状に拡径する拡径部を有し、内胴は、分離液排出口側の内胴一側端部から拡径部に向けて内胴外径が多段状に拡大する多段状直胴部を有し、内胴一側端部における内胴外周が内胴径方向で分離液排出口より内側に位置することを特徴とする。 In order to solve the above problems, the centrifuge of the present invention is a centrifuge that separates sludge to be treated into solid-liquid separated water and dehydrated cake by centrifugal force, and includes a bowl that rotates around the center of rotation. The separation liquid discharge port provided on one end side of the bowl in the direction of the axis of rotation, the dewatered cake discharge port provided on the other end side of the bowl in the direction of the center of rotation, and the dewatered cake discharge port provided on the other end side of the bowl in the direction of the axis of rotation rotate around the same axis of rotation as the bowl. A screw conveyor for transferring the dehydrated cake toward the dehydrated cake discharge port on the inner peripheral surface is provided, and the screw conveyor is provided in a spiral shape on the outer circumference of the inner cylinder and the inner cylinder extending along the direction of the rotation axis. The inner body has a diameter-expanded portion that expands in a tapered shape toward the other end side of the bowl, and the inner body expands from one end of the inner body on the dewatering liquid discharge port side. It has a multi-stage straight body part in which the outer diameter of the inner body expands in a multi-step manner toward the diameter part, and the outer circumference of the inner body at one end of the inner body is located inside the dewatering liquid discharge port in the direction of the inner body diameter. It is characterized by.
本発明の遠心分離機は、処理対象汚泥を遠心力で分離水と脱水ケーキに固液分離する遠心分離機であって、回転軸心廻りに回転するボウルと、回転軸心方向でボウルの一端側に設けた分離液排出口と、回転軸心方向でボウルの他端側に設けた脱水ケーキ排出口と、ボウルと同回転軸心廻りに回転してボウルの内周面上で脱水ケーキを脱水ケーキ排出口に向けて移送するスクリューコンベアを備え、スクリューコンベアは、回転軸心方向に沿って延びる内胴と、内胴外周に螺旋状に設けられて脱水ケーキを掻き寄せる羽根を有し、内胴がボウルの一端側から他端側に向けてテーパ状に拡径する拡径部から成ることを特徴とする。 The centrifuge of the present invention is a centrifuge that separates sludge to be treated into water and dehydrated cake by centrifugal force, and is a centrifuge that rotates around the axis of rotation and one end of the bowl in the direction of the axis of rotation. a separation liquid discharge port provided on a side, and dehydrated cake discharge port provided at the other end of the bowl in rotation axis direction, to rotate the bowl and the rotation axis around the dewatered cake on the inner peripheral surface of the bowl The screw conveyor is provided with a screw conveyor that transfers the dehydrated cake toward the dewatered cake discharge port, and the screw conveyor has an inner body that extends along the direction of the axis of rotation and blades that are spirally provided on the outer periphery of the inner body to scrape the dehydrated cake. The inner body is characterized by having a diameter-expanded portion that expands in a tapered shape from one end side to the other end side of the bowl.
本発明の遠心分離機において、拡径部は、テーパ角が多段状に拡大する多段テーパ状拡径部をなすことを特徴とする。
本発明の遠心分離機において、ボウルと内胴と羽根の少なくとも何れかが炭素繊維強化プラスチックからなることを特徴とする。
In the centrifuge of the present invention, the diameter-expanded portion is characterized by forming a multi-stage tapered diameter-expanded portion in which the taper angle is expanded in a multi-step manner.
The centrifuge of the present invention is characterized in that at least one of a bowl, an inner body, and a blade is made of carbon fiber reinforced plastic .
以上のように本発明によれば、ボウルと内胴と羽根の少なくとも何れかが炭素繊維強化プラスチックからなることで、軽量化を図りながらも十分な強度および剛性を確保することができる。この軽量化により消費エネルギーを抑制して動力費用を低減することができる。このため、従来に比して消費エネルギーを抑制しつつ、ボウル内の空間容積を多くしてボウル内滞留時間を長くすることで、脱水性能の向上を図ることができる。 As described above, according to the present invention, since at least one of the bowl, the inner body, and the blade is made of carbon fiber reinforced plastic, sufficient strength and rigidity can be ensured while reducing the weight. Due to this weight reduction, energy consumption can be suppressed and power costs can be reduced. Therefore, the dehydration performance can be improved by increasing the space volume in the bowl and prolonging the residence time in the bowl while suppressing the energy consumption as compared with the conventional case.
また、羽根の重量の軽量化により内胴に加わる負荷が軽減されるので、スクリュー軸である内胴の小径化を図ってボウル内の空間容積を多くしてボウル内滞留時間を長くすることで、脱水性能の向上を図ることができる。 In addition, since the load applied to the inner body is reduced by reducing the weight of the blades, the space volume in the bowl is increased by reducing the diameter of the inner body, which is the screw shaft, and the residence time in the bowl is lengthened. , The dehydration performance can be improved.
ボウル内径の増大もしくは内胴外径の小径化によるボウル内の空間容積の増加は、下水汚泥の投入量および滞留量の増加を可能にする。しかし、遠心分離機では径方向において分離液と脱水ケーキを分離させるとともに、回転軸心方向においても分離液と脱水ケーキを分離させる必要があり、分離液排出口側の内胴一側端部における内胴外径と脱水ケーキ排出口側の拡径部の内胴他側端部における内胴外径との差が大きくなるボウル内において、回転軸心方向における分離液と脱水ケーキの分離を確実に行う必要がある。 Increasing the space volume in the bowl by increasing the inner diameter of the bowl or reducing the outer diameter of the inner body makes it possible to increase the input amount and the retention amount of sewage sludge. However, in the centrifuge, it is necessary to separate the separated liquid and the dehydrated cake in the radial direction and also to separate the separated liquid and the dehydrated cake in the direction of the axis of rotation, and it is necessary to separate the separated liquid and the dehydrated cake in the direction of the axis of rotation. In the bowl where the difference between the outer diameter of the inner body and the outer diameter of the inner body at the other end of the inner body of the expanded portion on the dehydrated cake discharge port side becomes large, the separation liquid and the dehydrated cake are surely separated in the direction of the axis of rotation. Need to be done.
このため、本発明では、内胴が分離液排出口側の内胴一側端部から拡径部に向けて内胴外径が同径状の直胴部をなし、さらには内胴外径が多段状に拡大する多段状直胴部をなし、あるいは拡径部がテーパ角を多段状に拡大させて多段テーパ状拡径部をなすことで、ボウル内の空間容積の増加を確保しつつ、回転軸心方向での固形分の濃度勾配を適切に形成して多量の脱水ケーキを円滑に排出することができる。 Therefore, in the present invention, the inner body forms a straight body portion having the same inner body outer diameter from the inner body one side end on the separation liquid discharge port side toward the enlarged diameter portion, and further, the inner body outer diameter. Has a multi-stage straight body that expands in multiple stages, or the enlarged diameter part expands the taper angle in multiple stages to form a multi-stage tapered diameter expansion part, while ensuring an increase in the space volume inside the bowl. , A large amount of dehydrated cake can be smoothly discharged by appropriately forming a concentration gradient of solid content in the direction of the axis of rotation.
また、少なくとも分離液排出口側の内胴一側端部における内胴外径を小径化することで、内胴外径に規制される分離液排出口の位置を、ボウル径方向で回転軸部の直近に配置することができ、分離液排出径を小さくしてボウル径方向における濃度勾配を長い距離において形成することができ、消費エネルギーの増加を伴う遠心力の増強に因らずして、分離液の清澄度を高めて、脱水性能を向上させることができる。 Further, by reducing the outer diameter of the inner body at least at one end of the inner body on the side of the separation liquid discharge port, the position of the separation liquid discharge port regulated by the outer diameter of the inner body can be set to the rotating shaft portion in the bowl radial direction. Can be placed in the immediate vicinity of, the separation liquid discharge diameter can be reduced and a concentration gradient in the bowl radial direction can be formed over a long distance, regardless of the increase in centrifugal force accompanying the increase in energy consumption. The clarity of the separation liquid can be increased to improve the dehydration performance.
本発明の実施の形態を図面に基づいて説明する。図１において、先に図５で説明した構成部材と同作用のものは同符号を付して説明を省略する。
本実施の形態の遠心分離機１００Ａは、ボウル１０６が、回転軸心方向の両端に設けた回転軸部１０６ａ、１０６ｂが軸受け部１０５ａ、１０５ｂに支承されて回転軸部１０６ａ、１０６ｂの回転軸心廻りに回転する。スクリューコンベア１０９Ａは、回転軸心方向に沿って延びる内胴１０７Ａと、内胴外周に螺旋状に設けられて脱水ケーキを掻き寄せる羽根１０８Ａを有している。
Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In FIG. 1, those having the same action as the constituent members described above with reference to FIG. 5 are designated by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted.
In the centrifuge 100A of the present embodiment, the rotary shafts 106a and 106b of the bowl 106 provided at both ends in the direction of the rotation axis are supported by the bearings 105a and 105b, and the rotation axes of the rotation shafts 106a and 106b are supported. Rotate around. The screw conveyor 109A has an inner body 107A extending along the direction of the axis of rotation, and a blade 108A spirally provided on the outer periphery of the inner body to attract the dehydrated cake.
回転軸心方向でボウル１０６の一端側にある分離液排出口１１２Ａは、ボウル径方向で回転軸部１０６ａの直近に位置し、内胴１０７Ａは、分離液排出口１１２Ａの側の内胴一側端部における内胴外周が内胴径方向で分離液排出口１１２Ａより内側に位置する。この分離液排出口１１２Ａの位置は、ボウル径方向の任意の位置に配置できるが回転軸部１０６ａの直近に配置することで、分離液の清澄度および脱水性能の最適化を図れる。 The separation liquid discharge port 112A on one end side of the bowl 106 in the direction of the center of rotation is located in the immediate vicinity of the rotation shaft portion 106a in the radial direction of the bowl, and the inner body 107A is on one side of the inner body on the side of the separation liquid discharge port 112A. The outer circumference of the inner body at the end is located inside the separation liquid discharge port 112A in the inner body radial direction. The position of the separation liquid discharge port 112A can be arranged at an arbitrary position in the bowl radial direction, but by arranging the position in the immediate vicinity of the rotating shaft portion 106a, the clarity and dehydration performance of the separation liquid can be optimized.
内胴１０７Ａは、脱水ケーキ領域部１１１の側が回転軸心方向でボウル１０６の他端側に向けてテーパ状に拡径する拡径部２０１をなし、分離液領域部１１０の側が分離液排出口１１２Ａの側の内胴一側端部から拡径部に向けて内胴外径が同径状の直胴部２０２をなす。拡径部２０１は、図２に示すように、拡径部２０１がテーパ角α、βを多段状に拡大させて多段テーパ状拡径部２０１ａとすることも可能である。 The inner body 107A has a diameter-expanded portion 201 in which the side of the dehydrated cake region portion 111 expands in a tapered shape toward the other end side of the bowl 106 in the direction of the axis of rotation, and the side of the separated liquid region portion 110 is the separation liquid discharge port. A straight body portion 202 having the same outer diameter of the inner body is formed from one end of the inner body on the 112A side toward the enlarged diameter part. As shown in FIG. 2, the diameter-expanded portion 201 can be formed into a multi-stage tapered diameter-expanded portion 201a by expanding the taper angles α and β in a multi-step manner.
本実施の形態においては、ボウル１０６と内胴１０７Ａと羽根１０８Ａが炭素繊維強化プラスチック（Ｃａｒｂｏｎ Ｆｉｂｅｒ Ｒｅｉｎｆｏｒｃｅｄ Ｐｌａｓｔｉｃｓ）からなるが、ボウル１０６と内胴１０７Ａと羽根１０８Ａの何れかを炭素繊維強化プラスチックで形成することも可能である。また、羽根１０８Ａの外周先端縁には摩耗対策のために耐摩耗性のあるチップ材をボルト固定あるいは埋め込みにより取り付けることも可能である。 In the present embodiment, the bowl 106, the inner body 107A, and the blade 108A are made of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics), but any of the bowl 106, the inner body 107A, and the blade 108A is formed of carbon fiber reinforced plastic. It is also possible to do. Further, it is also possible to attach a wear-resistant chip material to the outer peripheral tip edge of the blade 108A by bolting or embedding as a measure against wear.
この構成により、原汚泥Ｓを汚泥供給管１２０を通して高速回転する内胴１０７Ａの汚泥投入部１２１に供給するとともに、高分子凝集剤Ｃを薬剤供給管１２２を通して高速回転する内胴１０７Ａの汚泥投入部１２１に供給して混合し、原汚泥Ｓと高分子凝集剤Ｃの混合汚泥を汚泥投入部１２１の汚泥投入口１２１ａから高速回転するボウル１０６の内部に投入する。 With this configuration, the raw sludge S is supplied to the sludge charging section 121 of the inner cylinder 107A that rotates at high speed through the sludge supply pipe 120, and the polymer flocculant C is supplied to the sludge charging section of the inner cylinder 107A that rotates at high speed through the chemical supply pipe 122. It is supplied to 121 and mixed, and the mixed sludge of the raw sludge S and the polymer flocculant C is charged into the inside of the bowl 106 that rotates at high speed from the sludge input port 121a of the sludge input unit 121.
ボウル１０６の内部で凝集した汚泥フロックＦを含む混合汚泥は、遠心力により分離液Ｗと脱水ケーキＫとに固液分離される。
スクリューコンベア１０９Ａは、実負荷運転中に汚泥と共回りする傾向があって搬送性が低下する要因をなし、遠心分離機１００Ａの処理能力の低下、分離液の水質の悪化などの問題が生じる。このため、本実施の形態では、羽根１０７Ａを炭素繊維強化プラスチックで形成することで、従来の素材がＳＵＳであった場合に困難であった表面粗さの調整を容易に行うことができ、摩擦係数の変更により実負荷運転中に汚泥と共回りすることを抑制して処理能力および分離液の水質の向上を図ることができる。
The mixed sludge containing the sludge floc F aggregated inside the bowl 106 is solid-liquid separated into the separation liquid W and the dehydrated cake K by centrifugal force.
The screw conveyor 109A tends to rotate together with sludge during actual load operation, which causes a decrease in transportability, and causes problems such as a decrease in the processing capacity of the centrifuge 100A and deterioration of the water quality of the separated liquid. Therefore, in the present embodiment, by forming the blade 107A with carbon fiber reinforced plastic, it is possible to easily adjust the surface roughness, which was difficult when the conventional material is SUS, and friction. By changing the coefficient, it is possible to suppress the co-rotation with sludge during actual load operation and improve the treatment capacity and the water quality of the separation liquid.
また、従来のＳＵＳで形成した遠心分離機では、内胴（スクリュー軸）の外径とボウルの内径との比は、一般的に０．５５から０．６５である。しかし、本実施の形態では、ボウル１０６と内胴１０７Ａと羽根１０８Ａが炭素繊維強化プラスチックからなることで、軽量化を図りながらも十分な強度および剛性を確保することができるので、羽根１０８Ａの重量の軽量化により内胴１０７Ａに加わる負荷が軽減される。このため、スクリューコンベア１０９Ａの直胴部２０２を、その外径を回転軸部１０６ａの径に近づけて小径化でき、ボウル１０６の内周面と内胴１０７Ａの外周面との間の空間容積を多くして下水汚泥のボウル内滞留時間を長くして脱水性能の向上を図ることができる。 Further, in the conventional centrifuge formed of SUS, the ratio of the outer diameter of the inner body (screw shaft) to the inner diameter of the bowl is generally 0.55 to 0.65. However, in the present embodiment, since the bowl 106, the inner body 107A, and the blade 108A are made of carbon fiber reinforced plastic, sufficient strength and rigidity can be ensured while reducing the weight, so that the weight of the blade 108A can be ensured. By reducing the weight of the inner body 107A, the load applied to the inner body 107A is reduced. Therefore, the diameter of the straight body portion 202 of the screw conveyor 109A can be reduced by making the outer diameter thereof close to the diameter of the rotating shaft part 106a, and the space volume between the inner peripheral surface of the bowl 106 and the outer peripheral surface of the inner body 107A can be reduced. By increasing the amount, the residence time of sewage sludge in the bowl can be lengthened to improve the dehydration performance.
さらに、内胴１０７Ａを小径化することで、内胴外径に規制される分離液排出口１１２Ａの位置を、ボウル径方向で回転軸部１０６ａの直近に配置することができ、分離液排出径を小さくしてボウル径方向における濃度勾配を長い距離において形成することができる。このため、消費エネルギーの増加を伴う遠心力の増強に因らずして、分離液の清澄度を高めて、脱水性能を向上させることができる。また、軽量化により消費エネルギーを抑制して動力費用を低減することができる。 Further, by reducing the diameter of the inner body 107A, the position of the separation liquid discharge port 112A regulated by the outer diameter of the inner body can be arranged in the immediate vicinity of the rotating shaft portion 106a in the bowl radial direction, and the separation liquid discharge diameter. Can be reduced to form a concentration gradient in the bowl radial direction over long distances. Therefore, the clarity of the separated liquid can be increased and the dehydration performance can be improved without increasing the centrifugal force accompanying the increase in energy consumption. In addition, the weight reduction can reduce energy consumption and reduce power costs.
次に、下水汚泥の投入量および滞留量の増加を可能にするためには、ボウル内径の増大もしくは内胴外径の小径化によるボウル１０６内の空間容積の増加させることが考えられる。 Next, in order to make it possible to increase the input amount and the retention amount of sewage sludge, it is conceivable to increase the space volume in the bowl 106 by increasing the inner diameter of the bowl or reducing the outer diameter of the inner body.
しかし、遠心分離機では径方向において分離液Ｗと脱水ケーキＫを分離させるとともに、回転軸心方向においても分離液Ｗと脱水ケーキＫを分離させる必要があり、分離液排出口１１２の側の内胴一側端部における内胴外径と脱水ケーキ排出口１１３の側の拡径部２０１の内胴他側端部における内胴外径との差が大きくなるボウル内において、回転軸心方向における分離液と脱水ケーキの分離を確実に行う必要がある。 However, in the centrifuge, it is necessary to separate the separated liquid W and the dehydrated cake K in the radial direction and also separate the separated liquid W and the dehydrated cake K in the direction of the axis of rotation, and the inside of the separated liquid discharge port 112 side. In the bowl where the difference between the outer diameter of the inner body at one end of the body and the outer diameter of the inner body at the other end of the inner body of the expanded diameter 201 on the side of the dehydrated cake discharge port 113 becomes large, in the direction of the axis of rotation. It is necessary to ensure that the separation liquid and the dehydrated cake are separated.
このため、図３に示すように、スクリューコンベア１０９Ｂの内胴１０７Ｂが分離液排出口Ａ１１２の側の内胴一側端部から内胴外径が多段状に拡大する多段状直胴部２０２ａをなし、多段状直胴部２０２ａの各段がそれぞれ外径の異なる直胴状をなし、かつテーパ角α、βを多段状に拡大させた多段テーパ状拡径部２０１ａを有し、この内胴１０７Ｂの外周に羽根１０８Ｂを配置することで、ボウル１０６内の空間容積の増加を確保しつつ、回転軸心方向での固形分の濃度勾配を適切に形成して多量の脱水ケーキを円滑に排出することができる。 Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3, the inner body 107B of the screw conveyor 109B has a multi-stage straight body portion 202a in which the inner body outer diameter expands in a multi-step manner from one end of the inner body on the side of the dewatering liquid discharge port A112. None, each stage of the multi-stage straight body portion 202a has a straight body shape with a different outer diameter, and has a multi-stage tapered diameter expansion portion 201a in which the taper angles α and β are enlarged in a multi-stage shape. By arranging the blade 108B on the outer circumference of the 107B, while ensuring an increase in the space volume in the bowl 106, an appropriate concentration gradient of solid content in the direction of the axis of rotation is appropriately formed to smoothly discharge a large amount of dehydrated cake. can do.
また、図４に示すように、スクリューコンベア１０９Ｃの内胴１０７Ｃが分離液排出口１１２Ａの側の内胴一側端部から内胴外径が多段状に拡大する多段テーパ状拡径部２０１ｂをなし、この内胴１０７Ｃの外周に羽根１０８Ｃを配置することで、ボウル１０６内の空間容積の増加を確保しつつ、回転軸心方向での固形分の濃度勾配を適切に形成して多量の脱水ケーキを円滑に排出することができる。 Further, as shown in FIG. 4, the inner body 107C of the screw conveyor 109C has a multi-stage tapered diameter-expanded portion 201b in which the inner body outer diameter expands in a multi-step manner from one end of the inner body on the side of the dewatering liquid discharge port 112A. None, by arranging the blades 108C on the outer circumference of the inner body 107C, a large amount of dehydration is performed by appropriately forming a concentration gradient of solid content in the direction of the axis of rotation while ensuring an increase in the space volume in the bowl 106. The cake can be discharged smoothly.
１００Ａ 遠心脱水機
１０１ 主構造部材
１０２ 設置床面
１０３ 防振ゴム
１０４ 脱水本体部
１０５ａ、１０５ｂ 軸受け部
１０６ ボウル
１０６ａ、１０６ｂ 回転軸部
１０６ｃ 隘路
１０７Ａ、１０７Ｂ、１０７Ｃ 内胴
１０７ａ、１０７ｂ 回転軸部
１０８Ａ、１０８Ｂ、１０８Ｃ 羽根
１０９Ａ、１０９Ｂ、１０９Ｃ スクリューコンベア
１１０ 分離液領域部
１１０ａ 端部壁
１１１ 脱水ケーキ領域部
１１２Ａ 分離液排出口
１１２ａ ダムプレート
１１２ｂ 鍔部
１１３ 脱水ケーキ排出口
１１４ ハウジング
１１４ａ カバー部材
１１５ 分離液放出口
１１６ 脱水ケーキ放出口
１１８ 油圧モータ
１２０ 汚泥供給管
１２０ａ 先端開口
１２１ 汚泥投入部
１２１ａ 汚泥投入口
１２２ 薬剤供給管
１２２ａ 先端開口
２０１ 拡径部
２０１ａ、２０１ｂ 多段テーパ状拡径部
２０２ 直胴部
２０２ａ 多段状直胴部
Ｃ 高分子凝集剤
Ｓ 原汚泥
Ｗ 分離液
Ｋ 脱水ケーキ
α、β テーパ角
100A Centrifugal dehydrator 101 Main structural member 102 Installation floor surface 103 Anti-vibration rubber 104 Dewatering main body 105a, 105b Bearing 106 Bowl 106a, 106b Rotating shaft 106c Sludge 107A, 107B, 107C Inner body 107a, 107b Dewatering shaft 108A, 108B, 108C Blades 109A, 109B, 109C Screw conveyor 110 Separation liquid region 110a End wall 111 Dewatered cake region 112A Dewatered cake region 112a Dam plate 112b Border 113 Dewatered cake discharge port 114 Housing 114a Cover member 115 Separation liquid discharge Outlet 116 Dehydrated cake discharge port 118 Hydraulic motor 120 Sludge supply pipe 120a Tip opening 121 Sludge inlet 121a Sludge inlet 122 Chemical supply pipe 122a Tip opening 201 Expanded diameter 201a, 201b Multi-stage tapered diameter-expanded portion 202 Straight body 202a Multi-stage Straight body C Polymer flocculant S Raw sludge W Separation liquid K Dewatered cake α, β Tapered angle
Claims (4)
スクリューコンベアは、回転軸心方向に沿って延びる内胴と、内胴外周に螺旋状に設けられて脱水ケーキを掻き寄せる羽根を有し、内胴がボウルの他端側に向けてテーパ状に拡径する拡径部を有し、
内胴は、分離液排出口側の内胴一側端部から拡径部に向けて内胴外径が多段状に拡大する多段状直胴部を有し、内胴一側端部における内胴外周が内胴径方向で分離液排出口より内側に位置することを特徴とする遠心分離機。 A centrifugal separator that separates sludge to be treated into water and dehydrated cake by centrifugal force. A bowl that rotates around the center of rotation and a separation port that is provided on one end of the bowl in the direction of the center of rotation. And, the dehydrated cake discharge port provided on the other end side of the bowl in the direction of the rotation axis, and the dehydrated cake is transferred toward the dehydrated cake discharge port on the inner peripheral surface of the bowl by rotating around the same rotation axis as the bowl. Equipped with a screw conveyor
The screw conveyor has an inner body extending along the direction of the axis of rotation and blades spirally provided on the outer circumference of the inner body to attract the dehydrated cake, and the inner body is tapered toward the other end side of the bowl. Has a diameter-expanding part that expands the diameter
The inner body has a multi-stage straight body portion in which the outer diameter of the inner body expands in a multi-step manner from the one side end portion of the inner body on the separation liquid discharge port side toward the enlarged diameter portion, and the inner body at the one side end portion of the inner body. A centrifuge that is characterized in that the outer circumference of the body is located inside the separation liquid discharge port in the inner body diameter direction.
スクリューコンベアは、回転軸心方向に沿って延びる内胴と、内胴外周に螺旋状に設けられて脱水ケーキを掻き寄せる羽根を有し、
内胴がボウルの一端側から他端側に向けてテーパ状に拡径する拡径部から成ることを特徴とする遠心分離機。 A centrifugal separator that separates sludge to be treated into water and dehydrated cake by centrifugal force. A bowl that rotates around the center of rotation and a separation port that is provided on one end of the bowl in the direction of the center of rotation. And, the dehydrated cake discharge port provided on the other end side of the bowl in the direction of the rotation axis, and the dehydrated cake is transferred toward the dehydrated cake discharge port on the inner peripheral surface of the bowl by rotating around the same rotation axis as the bowl. Equipped with a screw conveyor
The screw conveyor has an inner body extending along the direction of the axis of rotation and a blade provided spirally on the outer circumference of the inner body to attract the dehydrated cake.
A centrifuge characterized in that the inner body is composed of a diameter-expanded portion whose diameter is tapered from one end side to the other end side of the bowl.
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| JPS54112570A (en) * | 1978-02-22 | 1979-09-03 | Ebara Infilco Co Ltd | Screw press type dehydrator |
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