JP6742998B2 - 難燃性サーマルライナー、複合布、および衣服 - Google Patents
難燃性サーマルライナー、複合布、および衣服 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6742998B2 JP6742998B2 JP2017522058A JP2017522058A JP6742998B2 JP 6742998 B2 JP6742998 B2 JP 6742998B2 JP 2017522058 A JP2017522058 A JP 2017522058A JP 2017522058 A JP2017522058 A JP 2017522058A JP 6742998 B2 JP6742998 B2 JP 6742998B2
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- fabric
- flame retardant
- thermal
- nanofibers
- less
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
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- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 title claims description 167
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 90
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 title claims description 90
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims description 58
- 239000002121 nanofiber Substances 0.000 claims description 119
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 36
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- 229920006231 aramid fiber Polymers 0.000 description 13
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229920002480 polybenzimidazole Polymers 0.000 description 11
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920000271 Kevlar® Polymers 0.000 description 5
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexafluoropropylene Chemical compound FC(F)=C(F)C(F)(F)F HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- QZUPTXGVPYNUIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(N)=O)=C1 QZUPTXGVPYNUIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013332 literature search Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007974 melamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005575 poly(amic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001643 poly(ether ketone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003208 poly(ethylene sulfide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- MHSKRLJMQQNJNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N terephthalamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(N)=O)C=C1 MHSKRLJMQQNJNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
- A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
- A41D31/04—Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
- A41D31/08—Heat resistant; Fire retardant
- A41D31/085—Heat resistant; Fire retardant using layered materials
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- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
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- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2437/00—Clothing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2437/00—Clothing
- B32B2437/02—Gloves, shoes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2571/00—Protective equipment
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Professional, Industrial, Or Sporting Protective Garments (AREA)
Description
本発明は、難燃性熱保護服中に使用される、厚さ当たりで大きい熱抵抗を有する難燃性サーマルライナーに関する。本発明は、そのような難燃性サーマルライナーを含み、難燃性保護衣服を製造するための外部シェル布、湿気バリア、および内部裏地布などを有する複合布系、ならびにそれを含む難燃性衣服をも含む。
垂直燃焼試験
ASTMD6413−99を用いてサーマルライナーの垂直燃焼性能を測定した。炭化長を求めるための試験手順は、最低坪量が2〜6oz/yd2(68〜203g/m2)である材料に対して計画され、したがって、低坪量材料の場合、合わせた坪量が約135g/m2である多層において求めた。
不織シートの平均流動細孔サイズは、ASTM Designation E 1294−89、“Standard Test Method for Pore Size Characteristics of Membrane Filters Using Automated Liquid Porosimeter”に準拠して測定される量である。キャピラリーフローポロメーターCFP−2100AE(Porous Materials Inc.Ithaca,NY)を使用した。直径25mmの個別の試料を、低表面張力流体(表面張力が16ダイン/cmである1,1,2,3,3,3−ヘキサフルオロプロペン、または“Galwick”)でぬらし、ホルダー中に取り付け、空気の圧力差を生じさせ、流体を試料から除去した。湿式流が乾式流(溶媒でぬらさない場合の流れ)の2分の1になる圧力差を使用し、供給されるソフトウェアを用いて平均流動細孔サイズを計算する。
個別の材料の厚さ測定は、ASTM 5947に準拠し、10kPa(1.45psi)の圧力および直径15mmのフート(精密厚さゲージFT3 Hanatek Instruments,east Sussex,UK)を用いて行った。複合布の厚さ測定は、ASTM D1777−96 Option 1に準拠し、標準的な台に搭載された直径50.8mmのフートを有するマイクロメーター、および0.9kPa(0.13 psi)の圧力を使用して測定した。
熱保護性能(TPP)は、NFPA 1971(ISO 17492)に準拠して2.0cal/cm2sの熱流束において測定した。放射保護パーフォマンス(Perfomance)(RPP)は、NFPA 1971(ASTM F1939)に準拠して0.5cal/cm2sの熱流束において測定した。
ナノファイバーを含む不織シートを含む個別の層の坪量は、ASTM D−3776に準拠して測定した。複合布の坪量は、6.75インチ×6.75インチのTPP試験体の重量から測定した。
多孔度は、g/m2の単位での試料の坪量を、g/cm3の単位のポリマー密度およびマイクロメートルの単位の試料厚さで割り、100を乗じ、続いて100%から引くことによって計算し、すなわちパーセント多孔度=100−坪量/(密度×厚さ)×100であった。
通気度は、ASTM D737に準拠し125Paの圧力差で測定した。
熱安定性難燃性布の熱安定性は、NFPA 1971のNational Fire Protection Association’s 2007 editionに記載の方法に準拠して求めることができる。
シートおよび布の耐熱性(R)および熱伝導度(k)は、ASTM E1530(Guarded Heat Flow)に準拠し、TA DTC 300試験機を用いて測定した。試験領域は20.3cm2(直径50.8mm)であった。すべての試料は、表面接触を説明するためにヒートコンパウンドグリースを使用せずに試験した。試料は、12kPaの最小圧力および100℃までの温度設定で試験し、冷却板は10度低くした。一連の試料に対応するために種々の抵抗領域を使用した:低領域:0.0005〜0.010m2K/W;中間領域:0.0005〜0.010m2K/W、高領域0.01〜0.05m2K/W。抵抗は出力の1つであり、熱伝導度は同様の圧力下で既知の試料厚さを用いて計算した。
順番に外部シェル布、湿気バリア、サーマルライナー、および裏地布を有する複合衣服布の試料を以下の材料から作製した。外部シェル布、湿気バリア、および裏地は、すべて市販の布であり;外部シェル布は7.5oz/yd2のKevlar(登録商標)/PBI(60%/40%)布であり、湿気バリアは6oz/yd2のStedair(登録商標)3000布であり、裏地は3.3oz/yd2のNomex(登録商標)パジャマチェック(pajamacheck)織布であった。
実施例1において積層し試験した、ナノファイバーを含む不織シート1−1または1−3のいずれかを使用した複合衣服布試料を、Nomex(登録商標)アラミド糸(Atlantic Thread and Supply,Baltimore,MD)を用いてさらにキルティングして、2つのキルティングされた複合衣服布を形成した。これらの複合衣服布試料を、次に実施例1のように熱(TPP)および放射(RPP)の熱的性能の試験を行った。キルティングした複合衣服布の熱的性質は、実施例1のように単に積層した試料と同じであった。これらのキルティングした複合衣服布試料について、次に5回の洗浄サイクルを行い、熱的および放射的性能を再び測定した。これらの試料の性質を表4に示す。驚くべきことに、キルティングした複合布の熱的および放射的性能は洗浄とともに増加した。
複合衣服布試料を、ナノファイバーを含む不織シート1−1または1−3のいずれかを用いて作製し、実施例1と同じ外部シェル布、湿気バリア布、および裏地布を積層し試験したが、この場合サーマルライナーは、1.5oz/yd2(51g/m2)のスタイル715 Nomex(登録商標)E−89(商標)スパンレースアラミド繊維不織布の2つの層とともに、1−1または1−3のナノファイバーを含む不織シート1つの層を含んだ。対照試料は、同じ複合衣服布試料からなったが、サーマルライナーは1.5oz/yd2(51g/m2)のスタイル715 Nomex(登録商標)E−89(商標)スパンレースアラミド繊維不織布の2つの層のみであり、追加の不織ナノファイバーシートは有さなかった。これらの試料の性質を表5に示す。この場合も、ナノファイバーを含む不織シートを加えることで、TPPおよびRPPの性能が顕著に増加し(それぞれ6%を超え、10パーセントを超える)、布重量の増加は非常にわずか(3重量%未満)であった。
実施例3を繰り返したが、複合衣服布試料は、外部シェル布、サーマルライナー、および裏地布のみを含んだ。特に、外部シェル布は4.6oz/yd2のNomex(登録商標)IIIA布であり、裏地布は2.7oz/yd2のNomex(登録商標)編地であった。
〔1〕難燃性サーマルライナーであって、
(a)少なくとも21の限界酸素指数、10マイクロメートル以下の平均流動細孔、25〜6000立方フィート/分・マイクロメートル(12〜2880立方メートル/メートル/分・マイクロメートル)の厚さ通気度、および平均厚さT 1 を有する合成ポリマーのナノファイバーを含む不織シートと;
(b)前記不織シートの外面に取り付けられた平均厚さT 2 を有する熱安定性難燃性布を含み;前記熱安定性布の表面は前記不織シートの表面に接触し;
T 1 のT 2 に対する比が0.75未満となるようにT 1 およびT 2 が選択される、
難燃性サーマルライナー。
〔2〕T 1 のT 2 に対する比が0.30未満となるようにT 1 およびT 2 が選択される、前記〔1〕に記載のサーマルライナー。
〔3〕T 1 のT 2 に対する比が0.120を超えるようにT 1 およびT 2 が選択される、前記〔1〕または〔2〕に記載のサーマルライナー。
〔4〕ASTM D6413−99に準拠して前記サーマルライナーを火炎に曝露した場合に、残炎が2秒以下である、前記〔3〕に記載のサーマルライナー。
〔5〕前記ナノファイバーを含む不織シートが、ポリイミド、メタ系アラミド、パラ系アラミド、ポリベンザゾール、ポリベンゾイミダゾール、またはそれらの混合物から製造されたナノファイバーを含み、前記熱安定性難燃性布が、ポリイミド、メタ系アラミド、パラ系アラミド、ポリベンザゾール、ポリベンゾイミダゾール、またはそれらの混合物から製造された短繊維および/または連続フィラメントを含む、前記〔4〕に記載のサーマルライナー。
〔6〕外部シェル布および難燃性サーマルライナーを含む難燃性複合布系であって、前記サーマルライナーが:
(a)少なくとも21の限界酸素指数、10マイクロメートル以下の平均流動細孔、25〜6000立方フィート/分・マイクロメートル(12〜2880立方メートル/メートル/分・マイクロメートル)の厚さ通気度、および平均厚さT 1 を有する合成ポリマーのナノファイバーを含む不織シートと;
(b)前記不織シートの外面に取り付けられた平均厚さT 2 を有する熱安定性難燃性布を含み;前記熱安定性布の表面は前記不織シートの表面に接触し;
T 1 のT 2 に対する比が0.75未満となるようにT 1 およびT 2 が選択される、
難燃性複合布系。
〔7〕T 1 のT 2 に対する比が0.30未満となるようにT 1 およびT 2 が選択される、前記〔6〕に記載の難燃性複合布系。
〔8〕T 1 のT 2 に対する比が0.120を超えるようにT 1 およびT 2 が選択される、前記〔6〕または〔7〕に記載の難燃性複合布系。
〔9〕前記〔8〕に記載の複合布系を含む難燃性保護衣服。
〔10〕前記外部シェル布と前記サーマルライナーとの間に配置された湿気バリアをさらに含む、前記〔6〕に記載の難燃性複合布系。
〔11〕前記ナノファイバーを含む不織シートが、ポリイミド、メタ系アラミド、パラ系アラミド、ポリベンザゾール、ポリベンゾイミダゾール、またはそれらの混合物から製造されたナノファイバーを含み、前記熱安定性難燃性布が、ポリイミド、メタ系アラミド、パラ系アラミド、ポリベンザゾール、ポリベンゾイミダゾール、またはそれらの混合物から製造された短繊維および/または連続フィラメントを含む、前記〔6〕または〔10〕に記載の難燃性複合布系。
〔12〕T 1 のT 2 に対する比が0.30未満となるようにT 1 およびT 2 が選択される、前記〔10〕に記載の難燃性複合布系。
〔13〕T 1 のT 2 に対する比が0.120を超えるようにT 1 およびT 2 が選択される、前記〔10〕または〔12〕に記載の難燃性複合布系。
〔14〕前記〔13〕に記載の複合布系を含む、難燃性保護衣服。
Claims (3)
- 難燃性サーマルライナーであって、
(a)少なくとも21の限界酸素指数、10マイクロメートル以下の平均流動細孔、12〜2880立方メートル/平方メートル/分(m 3 /m 2 /分)・マイクロメートルの厚さ通気度、および平均厚さT1を有する、50%を超える合成ポリマーのナノファイバーを含む、不織シートと;
(b)前記不織シートの外面に取り付けられた平均厚さT2を有する熱安定性難燃性布を含み;前記熱安定性布の表面は前記不織シートの表面に接触し;
T1のT2に対する比が0.75未満となるようにT1およびT2が選択され、
ナノファイバーは、数平均直径が1000nm未満のファイバーであり、非円形断面のナノファイバーの場合、前記直径が最大断面寸法を意味する、難燃性サーマルライナー。 - 外部シェル布および難燃性サーマルライナーを含む難燃性複合布系であって、前記サーマルライナーが:
(a)少なくとも21の限界酸素指数、10マイクロメートル以下の平均流動細孔、12〜2880立方メートル/平方メートル/分(m 3 /m 2 /分)・マイクロメートルの厚さ通気度、および平均厚さT1を有する、50%を超える合成ポリマーのナノファイバーを含む、不織シートと;
(b)前記不織シートの外面に取り付けられた平均厚さT2を有する熱安定性難燃性布を含み;前記熱安定性布の表面は前記不織シートの表面に接触し;
T1のT2に対する比が0.75未満となるようにT1およびT2が選択され、
ナノファイバーは、数平均直径が1000nm未満のファイバーであり、非円形断面のナノファイバーの場合、前記直径が最大断面寸法を意味する、難燃性複合布系。 - 前記外部シェル布と前記サーマルライナーとの間に配置された湿気バリアをさらに含む、請求項2に記載の難燃性複合布系。
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