JP6740581B2 - Building skin structure - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to an outer skin structure of a building, and particularly to an outer skin structure applied to buildings such as office buildings, factories, commercial facilities, and hospitals.

Conventionally, with the progress of urbanization, the heat island phenomenon, in which the temperature of the city becomes higher than the temperature of the suburbs, has become remarkable. The main causes of the heat island phenomenon are the decrease of green space and water surface, the increase of buildings, and the artificial exhaust heat generated by human activities. Among them, for example, a building made of concrete absorbs a part of the sunlight and stores the heat, and releases the accumulated heat to the atmosphere, so that the atmospheric temperature rises. Further, the heat storage causes the temperature inside the building to rise, which causes an increase in artificial exhaust heat due to the air conditioning equipment and the like. Then, the structure which suppresses the absorption of the sunlight in a building is proposed.

7A and 7B are views showing an example of a conventional louver device installed on the outer surface of a building.

In FIG. 7A, the louver device 100 is composed of a plurality of horizontal plates 101, 101,... And a plurality of vertical plates 102, 102,. The horizontal plate 101 is rotatably fixed to the vertical plate 102 so that the direction of the horizontal plate 101 can follow the movement of the sun. Further, the horizontal plate 101 has retroreflectivity (FIG. 7B), and the solar light S′ radiated on the horizontal plate 101 is directed in the direction in which the solar light S′ is incident as the reflected light Sa′. Reflection is disclosed (for example, refer to Patent Document 1).

JP, 2011-246965, A

However, in the device as described above, as shown in FIG. 8, a plurality of horizontal plates 101 and vertical plates 102 extend over the entire window glass 103 in the horizontal direction or the vertical direction. When looking at the scenery through the window glass 103, the field of view is blocked, and there is a feeling of blockage. Further, even if the angle of the horizontal plate 101 is rotated so as not to obstruct the view, a plurality of horizontal plates 101 and vertical plates 102 are still visible, and a good view cannot be obtained. Further, since it is necessary to provide a rotating mechanism or the like for rotating the plurality of horizontal plates 101, the device configuration becomes complicated, and in addition, maintenance of the rotating mechanism is required, and the work is complicated. In particular, it is not realistic to install the louver device with a rotating mechanism as described above on all the window glasses of a high-rise building having a large outer skin area.

An object of the present invention is to reduce the cooling load by suppressing the absorption of sunlight in a building while ensuring daylight, and suppress the heat island phenomenon by reflecting it to the sky without a building above the ground, and further simple. To provide a building skin structure that can provide an open feeling with various configurations.

In order to achieve the above object, the outer skin structure of the building of the present invention is an outer skin structure attached to an outer peripheral portion of the building, and is an outer surface of a window arranged in an opening of a predetermined floor of the building, or the window glass. A first specular reflection layer provided on the outer surface of the waist wall disposed immediately below, a light transmissive plate material extending from the lower side of the first specular reflection layer to the outside of the building, and the light transmissive plate material And a second specular reflection layer provided on the upper surface of.

It is preferable that the second specular reflection layer is provided perpendicular to the first specular reflection layer.

It is preferable that the light transmissive plate member and the second specular reflection layer form an eave on a floor directly below the predetermined floor.

The first specular reflection layer and the second specular reflection layer are made of a metal film or a dielectric multilayer film.

Further, it is preferable that the light transmissive plate material is made of any one of a material containing glass as a main component, a material containing resin as a main component, and a composite material thereof.

The outer skin structure may be provided above the window, and may further include an eave extending outward from the building.

According to the present invention, the first specular reflection layer is provided on the outer surface of the window glass arranged in the opening of the predetermined floor of the building, or on the outer surface of the waist wall arranged directly below the window. Then, the second light-transmissive plate member extends outward from below the first specular reflection layer, and the second specular reflection layer is provided on the upper surface of the second light-transmissive plate member. With this configuration, the solar light reflected by one of the first and second specular reflection layers is further reflected by the other specular reflection layer and is emitted in the light source direction of the solar light, so that the day when it reaches the outer periphery of the building. The reflected light can be retroreflected. Further, since no member that blocks the field of view is arranged on the window, there is no sense of blockage. Furthermore, since retroreflection is realized by two specular reflection layers, the structure is simple and complicated maintenance work is not required. Therefore, while securing daylight, the absorption of sunlight in the building is suppressed to reduce the cooling load, and it is reflected to the sky without a building above ground to suppress the heat island phenomenon. It is possible to provide a skin structure that gives a feeling.

It is a sectional view showing roughly composition of an outer skin structure concerning an embodiment of the present invention. (A) And (b) is a figure explaining the optical path of the direct sunlight in the skin structure of FIG. It is a figure explaining the optical path of the visible light in diffuse solar radiation in the outer cover structure of FIG. It is a figure which shows the view from the building in which the outer skin structure of FIG. 1 was provided. It is sectional drawing which shows the modification of the outer cover structure of FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows the other modification of the outer cover structure of FIG. (A) is a perspective view which shows the structure of the conventional louver apparatus, (b) is a side view. FIG. 8 is a view showing a view from a building provided with the louver device of FIG. 7.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a structure of a building skin structure according to the present embodiment. In this embodiment, a case where the outer skin structure of the present invention is applied to an office building having a plurality of floors will be described. The outer skin structure of FIG. 1 shows an example thereof, and the outer skin structure according to the present invention is not limited to the structure of FIG.

The office building 50 has a structure in which daylight is used as visible light in the office building by shining light through a window glass 52 provided in an opening 51 on a predetermined floor A. Each floor is partitioned by a skeleton 54 that constitutes the floor 53 and a ceiling 55 attached to the skeleton. The outer skin structure 1 of the present embodiment is provided on the outer peripheral portion of the office building 50, and is integral with or constitutes a part of the outer skin structure of the office building 50.

Specifically, the outer cover structure 1 extends to the outside of the office building 50 from the specular reflection layer 11 (first specular reflection layer) provided on the outer surface 52a of the window glass 52 and the lower end 11a of the specular reflection layer. And a specular reflection layer 13 (second specular reflection layer) provided on the upper surface 12a of the translucent plate material. The outer skin structure 1 of the present embodiment is attached to each floor of the office building 50 in a one-to-one correspondence.

The window glass 52 is made of either a glass-based material, a resin-based material, or a composite material of a glass-based material and a resin-based material. The visible light that has entered the opening 51 of the predetermined floor A passes through the window glass 52 and enters the internal space B. The window glass 52 is, for example, float glass (single-layer glass), laminated glass, multi-layer glass, tempered glass, meshed glass, or the like. Further, the window glass 52 is preferably a plate material having a high transmittance for visible light (wavelength: about 380 nm to 780 nm).

The specular reflection layer 11 is attached to a part of the outer surface 52a of the window glass 52, and is continuously provided from the center to the lower end of the window glass 52 in a longitudinal sectional view. The specular reflection layer 11 has a function of reflecting a part of the solar radiation and transmitting the remaining part thereof, and is made of, for example, a metal film such as silver or a dielectric multilayer film. The ratio of the solar light reflectance and the solar light transmittance of the specular reflection layer 11 is, for example, 1:1 (half mirror).

The transmittance of the entire sunlight is largely dependent on the transmittance of visible light in the sunlight, and when the transmittance of visible light is 100%, the transmittance of sunlight is about 50% (JIS R 3106/ISO 9050). ). From the viewpoint of suppressing energy absorption, it is desirable that the solar light reflectance be high, but along with this, the visible light reflectance becomes high and the visible light transmittance becomes low. Therefore, the range of the solar light transmittance or the solar light reflectance of the specular reflective layer 11 is set on condition that the specular reflective layer 11 has a visible light transmittance that does not obstruct the field of view of the user in the internal space. be able to. Further, it is preferable that the reflectance of infrared light (780 nm to 1 mm), which is easily converted into heat energy, of solar light to be high.

Since the specular reflection layer 11 is provided on the outer surface 52a of the window glass 52, it is possible to prevent the window glass 52 from absorbing solar light. However, when the energy absorption in the window glass can be ignored, the specular reflection layer 11 may be provided on the inner surface 52b or the window glass 52. Further, the specular reflection layer 11 is continuously provided from the center to the lower end in the vertical cross-sectional view of the window glass 52, but is not limited to this, and is discontinuous (for example, border-shaped) from the upper end to the lower end of the window glass 52. It may be provided. Further, the specular reflection layer 11 may be arranged so as to occupy an area of 1/3 to 2/3 with respect to the entire area of the window glass 52.

The light transmissive plate member 12 is attached to the outer side surface 54 a of the body 54, and in the present embodiment, is provided in parallel with the floor 53. The light-transmissive plate material 12 is a plate material having a high transmittance of visible light and infrared light, and is made of any one of a material containing glass as a main component, a material containing resin as a main component, and a composite material thereof. It consists of In FIG. 1, the light-transmissive plate material 12 is arranged at a position lower than the lower end 11a of the specular reflection layer 11, but in reality, the specular reflection layer 13 is a thin film and has the same height as the lower end 11a. Will be placed.

The specular reflection layer 13 is supported by the light transmissive plate member 12, and is arranged on the entire upper surface 12 a of the light transmissive plate member 12 or a part thereof. Like the specular reflection layer 11, the specular reflection layer 13 has a function of reflecting a part of the solar radiation and transmitting the remaining part, and is made of, for example, a metal film such as silver or a dielectric multilayer film. ..

In the present embodiment, both the light transmissive plate material 12 and the specular reflection layer 13 are arranged perpendicular to the specular reflection layer 11. However, if the solar light from the specular reflection layer 11 can be reflected in the light source direction of the solar light, the light transmissive plate member 12 and the specular reflection layer 13 are arranged perpendicular to the specular reflection layer 11. Instead, they may be arranged at a predetermined angle other than 90°.

In addition, in the present embodiment, the light-transmissive plate member 12 and the specular reflection layer 13 configure the eaves of the floor A′ immediately below the predetermined floor A, and by the eaves, appropriate sunlight (direct sunlight) is emitted into the internal space. Reach B'. With this configuration, it is not necessary to separately provide an eaves in the office building 50, and a simple outer skin structure can be realized.

Next, the propagation of solar light in the outer skin structure 1 configured as described above will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3. Note that the solar radiation is roughly divided into direct solar light and scattered solar light, and for convenience of description, the direct solar light will be described in FIG. 2 and the diffuse solar light will be described in FIG. Further, although refraction actually occurs at the boundary surface between two different media, the description thereof is omitted.

In FIG. 2A, when a portion of the window glass 52 where the specular reflection layer 11 is not arranged in the optical path of the solar light is a region X and a portion where the specular reflection layer 11 is arranged is a region Y, The direct sunlight S1 incident on the region X of the window glass 52 passes through the window glass 52 and reaches the internal space B. When the direct sunlight S1 reaches the internal space B, the lighting in the office building 50 is secured. On the other hand, the direct sunlight S2 incident on the region Y of the window glass 52, that is, the specular reflection layer 11 is reflected by the specular reflection layer 11 at the same exit angle as the incident angle (θ _i =θ _r ) to the specular reflection layer. After reaching 13 and further reflected by the specular reflection layer 13, the reflected light S2′ is emitted in the light source direction of the solar radiation S2. As a result, the direct solar radiation S2 is retroreflected by the specular reflection layers 11 and 13.

Further, as shown in FIG. 2B, the direct sunlight S3 incident on the specular reflection layer 13 is reflected by the specular reflection layer 13 at the same emission angle as the incident angle and reaches the specular reflection layer 11. Further, the light is reflected by the specular reflection layer 11. After that, when the reflected light S3' reaches the light transmissive plate member 12, the reflected light S3' passes through the light transmissive plate member 12 and the specular reflection layer 13 and is emitted in the light source direction of the direct sunlight S3. Further, the reflected light that has reached the light transmissive plate material 12 without reaching the specular surface reflection layer 11 after being reflected by the specular reflection layer 13 passes through the light transmissive plate material 12 and the specular reflection layer 13 and is emitted upward. As a result, the direct solar radiation S3 is retroreflected by the specular reflection layers 11 and 13.

In the outer cover structure 1, the visible light included in the scattered solar light S4 is applied to the entire window glass 52 as shown in FIG. Of these, the visible light S4-1 passes through the region X of the window glass 52, enters the internal space B of the office building 50, and reaches the user H. Further, the visible light S4-2 passes through the area Y of the specular reflection layer 11 and the window glass 52, enters the internal space B of the office building 50, and reaches the user H. The visible light transmittance of the region X is determined by the visible light transmittance of the window glass 52. On the other hand, the visible light transmittance of the region Y is determined by the product of the visible light transmittance of the window glass 52 and the visible light transmittance of the specular reflection layer 11, and is smaller than the visible light transmittance of the region X. Therefore, when the user H looks at the window glass 52 from the inner space B side, although the region Y looks slightly darker than the region X, there is no sense of incongruity, and the region Y is beyond the specular reflection layer 11 and the window glass 52. You can fully see the outside scenery.

In the daytime (under daylight), since the light intensity outside the building is higher than the light intensity inside the building, the visible light S4-2 that passes through the specular reflection layer 11 from the outside and reaches the user H is: It is sufficiently larger than the visible light (not shown) that reaches the user H after being reflected by the specular reflection layer 11 from the internal space B. Therefore, unless the visible light transmittance of the specular reflection layer 11 is significantly smaller than the visible light reflectance, the field of view of the user H in the region Y is not impaired.

FIG. 4 is a view showing a view from the office building 50 provided with the outer cover structure 1 of FIG. In the outer skin structure 1 of FIG. 1, since the specular reflection layer 11 is arranged on the window glass 52, the upper end 11b of the specular reflection layer 11 which is the boundary between the regions X and Y is slightly visible near the center of the window glass 52. It is only about. Only the window glass 52 and the specular reflection layer 11 are substantially positioned on the optical path of visible light entering the internal space B from the outside, and the user H has a sufficient field of view.

As described above, according to this embodiment, the specular reflection layer 11 is provided on the outer surface 52a of the window glass 52 arranged in the opening 51 of the predetermined floor A of the office building 50. The light transmissive plate member 12 extends outward from the lower end 11 a of the specular reflection layer 11, and the specular reflection layer 13 is provided on the upper surface 12 a of the light transmissive plate member 12. With this configuration, the solar light reflected by one of the specular reflection layers 11 and 13 is further reflected by the other specular reflection layer and is emitted in the light source direction of the solar light, so that the day when it reaches the outer peripheral portion of the office building 50. The reflected light can be retroreflected. Further, since no member that blocks the field of view is arranged near the window glass 52, there is no sense of blockage. Further, since the two specular reflection layers 11 and 13 realize the retroreflection, the structure is simple and the complicated maintenance work is not required. Therefore, it is possible to provide the outer skin structure that suppresses the absorption of the sunlight in the office building 50 while ensuring daylight, and provides a feeling of openness with a simple configuration. Further, since it is possible to effectively suppress the absorption of the sunlight in the office building 50, it is possible to reduce the artificial exhaust heat, and it is possible to provide a sustainable building.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a modified example of the outer skin structure of FIG. The outer skin structure of FIG. 5 is basically the same as the outer skin structure of FIG. 1, and the same components are designated by the same reference numerals and the description thereof will be omitted. The different parts will be described below.

The office building 60 to which the outer skin structure of FIG. 5 is applied has a window glass 62 arranged in the opening 61 and a waist wall 63 arranged immediately below the window glass, and the window glass 62 is used for lighting. By doing so, the structure uses daylight as visible light in the office building. The outer skin structure 2 of FIG. 5 includes the specular reflection layer 21 provided on the outer surface 63 a of the waist wall 63. That is, in the outer skin structure 1 of FIG. 1, the specular reflection layer 11 is attached to the outer surface 52 a of the window glass 52, whereas in the outer skin structure 2 of FIG. 5, the specular reflection layer 21 is attached to the outer surface 63 a of the waist wall 63. They differ in points.

The specular reflection layer 21 may be provided on the entire outer surface 63a of the waist wall 63, or may be provided on a part of the outer surface 63a. Further, in the outer skin structure 2 of FIG. 5, the light transmissive plate material 12 and the specular reflection layer 13 have the same configuration as the outer skin structure 1 of FIG. 1, but the height of the waist wall 63 or the vertical length of the specular reflection layer 21. Depending on the above, the outward extension direction length may be changed.

Thus, in the case where the office building 60 has the waist wall 63, retroreflection can be realized by the two specular reflection layers 21 and 13 by applying the outer skin structure 2 of FIG. No member that blocks the field of view is arranged in the vicinity. Therefore, also with this configuration, the same effect as described above can be obtained.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing another modified example of the outer cover structure of FIG. The outer cover structure 3 of FIG. 6 includes an eaves 22 attached to the outer side surface 54 a of the body 54 and arranged above the window glass 52. That is, in the outer cover structure 1 of FIG. 1, the light transmissive plate material 12 and the specular reflection layer 13 play a role of an eaves, whereas the outer cover structure 3 of FIG. 5 is different in that an eaves 22 is separately provided. In the present embodiment, the eaves 22 are provided substantially parallel to the light transmissive plate member 12 and extend outward with the same length as the light transmissive plate member 12. The eaves 22 need only be capable of blocking direct solar radiation emitted from above, and can be provided by appropriately adjusting the shape, dimensions, material, mounting angle, and the like. Further, the eaves 22 may have the same structure as the member including the light-transmissive plate material 12 and the specular reflection layer 13.

As described above, by separately providing the eaves 22 with the outer cover structure 3, retroreflection can be surely realized by the specular reflection layers 11 and 13, and the direct solar light incident on the internal space B can be appropriately adjusted.

The outer skin structure of the building according to the above-described embodiment has been described above, but the present invention is not limited to the described embodiment, and various modifications and changes can be made based on the technical idea of the present invention.

Further, although the outer skin structure is applied to the office building in the present embodiment, it is not limited to this and may be applied to a building having a plurality of floors such as a factory, a commercial facility, and a hospital. Further, by applying the outer skin structure of the present invention to the entire plurality of buildings constructed in a predetermined area such as a city planning area, it is possible to suppress the consumption of conventional energy such as electricity and gas in the entire area, and It becomes possible to save energy.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 outer skin structure 2 outer skin structure 3 outer skin structure 11 specular reflection layer 11a lower end 12 light transmissive plate 12a upper surface 13 specular reflection layer 21 specular reflection layer 22 eaves 50 office building 51 opening 52 window glass 52a outer surface 53 floor 54 body 54a outside Side 55 Ceiling 60 Office building 61 Opening 62 Window glass 63 Waist wall 63a Outside A Predetermined floor A'Direct floor B Internal space B'Internal space H User S1 Direct sunlight S2 Direct sunlight S2' Reflected light S3 Direct sunlight S3' Reflected light S4 Scattered solar light S4-1 Visible light S4-2 Visible light X area Y area

Claims (6)

It is a skin structure attached to the outer periphery of the building,
An outer surface of a window arranged in an opening on a predetermined floor of the building, or a first specular reflection layer provided on an outer surface of a waist wall arranged directly below the window,
A light-transmissive plate member extending from the lower side of the first specular reflection layer to the outside of the building;
A second specular reflection layer that is provided perpendicular to the first specular reflection layer on the upper surface of the light-transmissive plate material and that reflects light from above ;
The outer skin structure of a building, wherein the second specular reflection layer is arranged so as to emit the direct solar radiation reflected by the first specular reflection layer in a light source direction of the direct solar light. The second specular reflection layer transmits light from below the second specular reflection layer,
The outer skin structure of a building according to claim 1, wherein the first specular reflection layer emits the direct sunlight reflected by the second specular reflection layer toward a light source of the direct sunlight. The outer cover structure for a building according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the light-transmissive plate material and the second specular reflection layer form an eave on a floor directly below the predetermined floor. The first reflective mirror layer and the second reflective mirror layer, characterized by comprising a metal film or dielectric multilayer film, the outer skin structure of the building according to any one of claims 1-3. The light transmitting plate material, a material mainly composed of glass, characterized in that it consists of any material and their composite resin as the main ingredient, according to any one of claims 1-4 Hull structure of a building. The outer skin structure of a building according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising an eave provided above the window and extending to the outside of the building.

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