JP6720338B2 - Inorganic fiber - Google Patents

Description

A high temperature resistant inorganic fiber is provided which is useful as an insulating material against heat, electricity or sound and has a continuous use temperature of 1260° C. or higher. High temperature resistant inorganic fibers are easy to manufacture, exhibit low shrinkage after exposure to temperature of use, retain good mechanical strength after continuous exposure to temperature of use, and low in vivo in physiological fluids. Shows durability (biopersistence).

Refractory ceramic fibers, such as those based on the chemistry of aluminosilicates, have been widely sold for thermal and electrical insulation applications since their development in the 1950s. Inhalation studies in rodents in the 1980s have demonstrated levels of carcinogenic potential associated with in vivo durable fire resistant ceramic fibers. These studies have motivated the industry to develop inorganic fibers that are soluble in physiological lung fluids and are not durable in vivo as an alternative to refractory ceramic fibers.
Although candidate fibers have been proposed, the service temperature limits for these fibers have not been high enough to fit many of the applications in which high temperature resistant refractory ceramic fibers are used. For example, such low in vivo durability fibers often exhibit high linear shrinkage at continuous use temperatures and/or typical refractory ceramics when exposed to continuous use temperatures above 1260°C. It exhibits reduced mechanical properties compared to the performance of the fibers.
High temperature resistant, low in vivo durability fibers provide long-term or continuous exposure to expected temperatures of exposure and to expected temperatures of use to provide effective heat protection to the insulated article. Should be followed by a minimal linear shrinkage.
In addition to temperature resistance, which is represented by the important shrinkage properties of fibers used in insulation, the low in vivo durability fiber allows the fiber to maintain its structural integrity and thermal insulation properties during use. It is also necessary to have characteristics of mechanical properties during and after expected use or exposure to service temperatures.

One characteristic of the mechanical integrity of a fiber is its post-use embrittlement. The more brittle the fibers are, that is, the easier they are to crush or crumble into a powder, the less mechanical integrity they have. In general, inorganic fibers that exhibit both high temperature resistance and low in vivo durability in physiological fluids also exhibit a high degree of post-practice embrittlement. As a result, brittle fibers lack strength or mechanical integrity after exposure to operating temperatures to provide the structure necessary to achieve their insulating purpose. Other measures of fiber mechanical integrity include compressive strength and compression recoverability.
It exhibits low in vivo durability in physiological fluids, low contractility during and after exposure to operating temperatures above 1260° C., and low brittleness after exposure to expected use temperatures, and Producing an improved inorganic fiber composition having an improved viscosity, which maintains its mechanical integrity after exposure to use temperatures above 1260° C. and is readily prepared from a fibrable melt of the desired components. It is desirable to do.

Provided are high temperature resistant, low in vivo durability inorganic fibers that exhibit improved thermal stability when exposed to high temperatures of 1260° C., 1400° C. and above. By intentionally including a synergistic amount of at least one alkali metal oxide and at least one alkaline earth metal oxide different from magnesium oxide in the magnesium silicate inorganic fiber, alkali metal oxidation is achieved. It has been discovered that the fiber linear shrinkage is reduced and the mechanical strength of the fiber is enhanced as compared to alkaline earth silicate fibers that do not include a synergistic combination of material and alkaline earth metal oxides. In the present disclosure, at least one alkaline earth metal oxide different from magnesium oxide in the magnesium silicate mineral is referred to as “additional alkaline earth metal oxide”. The deliberate synergistic amount also results in an improved viscosity of the raw material melt, so that easier manufacturability and better fiber quality are provided.

According to certain exemplary embodiments, high temperature tolerant, low in vivo durability inorganic fibers are intentionally provided with a synergistic amount of one alkali metal oxide and one additional alkaline earth metal oxide. And magnesium silicate fibers included in. According to another exemplary embodiment, the high temperature resistant, low in vivo durability inorganic fiber comprises magnesium silicate fiber intentionally including a synergistic amount of lithium oxide and calcia.
Inorganic fibers exhibit low in vivo durability in physiological solution, reduced linear shrinkage, improved mechanical strength and compression recovery after exposure to expected use temperatures.

Low in vivo durability magnesium silicate fibers commercially available under the registered trademark ISOFRAX, and the viscosity of the fiber melt used to prepare certain exemplary embodiments of the inorganic fibers disclosed herein. It is a figure of the temperature-viscosity curve which compares.

According to a particular embodiment, the inorganic fibers comprise silica, magnesia, calcia and lithium oxide fibrates.
According to a particular embodiment, the inorganic fibers comprise fibrates of silica, magnesia, calcia, lithium oxide, and a further viscosity modifier.
According to a particular embodiment, the inorganic fibers include fibrates of silica, magnesia, lithium oxide, calcia and alumina.
According to a particular embodiment, the inorganic fibers comprise silica, magnesia, lithium oxide, calcia and boria fibrates.
According to a particular embodiment, the inorganic fibers include fibrates of silica, magnesia, lithium oxide, calcia and a mixture of alumina and boria.
According to a particular embodiment, the inorganic fibers comprise fibrates of silica, magnesia, zirconia, lithium oxide, calcia and further viscosity modifiers.
According to a particular embodiment, the inorganic fibers include fibrates of silica, magnesia, zirconia, lithium oxide, calcia and alumina.
According to a particular embodiment, the inorganic fibers include fibrates of silica, magnesia, zirconia, lithium oxide, calcia and boria.
According to a particular embodiment, the inorganic fibers include fibrates of silica, magnesia, zirconia, lithium oxide, calcia and a mixture of alumina and boria.

It is to be understood that when a range of values is stated in the present disclosure, all values within that range, including the endpoints, are considered to be considered disclosed. For example, "silica in the range 65-86" can be read to indicate all possible numerical values between 65-86. We recognize and understand that all values within the range are considered to be specifically stated, and we also understand that the entire range and within that range. It is to be understood that all values have ownership.
In the present disclosure, the term “about” used in connection with a value includes the stated value and has the meaning dictated by the context. For example, it contains at least some errors associated with measuring particular values. Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the term "about" as used herein, in compositions and/or methods of the present disclosure, "about" the amount of the recited value produces the desired degree of effectiveness. It is understood that it is used as meaning. A person of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the “about” boundaries for the percentages, amounts, or values of any of the components in the embodiments vary between values, determine the effectiveness of the composition for each value, and the book. It is further understood that in accordance with the disclosure, it can be determined by determining the range of values that results in the composition having the desired degree of efficacy. The term "about" is further used to reflect the possibility that the composition may contain minor components of other materials that do not alter the efficacy or safety of the composition.
In the present disclosure, the term "substantially" refers to a degree of deviation that is small enough not to measurably impair a specified property or environment. The exact degree of deviation that can be tolerated may depend, in some cases, on the particular circumstances. The phrase "substantially free" means that the composition is in any amount greater than trace amounts that may be present in the raw starting material from which the composition is not intentionally added to the fiber melt but which is the source of the fiber. This means that no impurities are included.

The weight percentages of the compositions disclosed herein are based on the total weight of fibers. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the total weight percent of fibers cannot exceed 100%. For example, a fiber composition comprising 65-86 weight percent silica, 14-35 weight percent magnesia, 0.1-5 weight percent calcia, and 0.1-2 weight percent lithium oxide does not exceed 100%. Those skilled in the art will easily recognize and understand this. Those skilled in the art will understand that the amount of silica and magnesia is adjusted to include the desired amount of silica, magnesia, calcia and lithium oxide so as not to exceed 100% by weight of the fiber. I shall.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers comprise about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, greater than 0 up to about 35 weight percent magnesia, calcia, and lithium oxide fibrates.

According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers are about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, more than 0 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, more than 0 to about 35 weight percent calcia, and lithium oxide. Including fibrous material.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers comprise about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, greater than 0 up to about 35 weight percent magnesia, greater than 0 up to about 35 weight percent calcia, and greater than 0. Includes up to about 5 weight percent fibrous material of lithium oxide.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers comprise about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, 5 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, 1 to about 15 weight percent calcia, and about 0 weight percent. .1 to about 5 weight percent fibrous material of lithium oxide.

According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers comprise from about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, from greater than 0 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, from about 0.1 to about 15 weight percent calcia, and about. Includes 0.1 to about 5 weight percent fibrous material of lithium oxide.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers comprise from about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, from greater than 0 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, from about 0.1 to about 10 weight percent calcia, and about. From 0.1 to about 2 weight percent fibrous material of lithium oxide.

According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fiber comprises from about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, from greater than 0 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, from about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent calcia, and about. 0.1 to about 1 weight percent lithium oxide fibrous material.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers comprise from about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, from greater than 0 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, from about 0.1 to about 3 weight percent calcia, and about. 0.1 to about 1 weight percent lithium oxide fibrous material.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers are about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 5 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, about 0.1 to about 15 weight percent calcia, and about 0. .1 to about 5 weight percent fibrous material of lithium oxide.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers comprise about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 5 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, 1 to more than about 15 weight percent calcia, and about 0. 1 to about 5 weight percent fibrous material of lithium oxide.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers comprise about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 5 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, about 0.1 to about 10 weight percent calcia, and about 0. 1 to about 2 weight percent fibrous material of lithium oxide.

According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers comprise about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 5 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, 1 to more than about 10 weight percent calcia, and about 0. 1 to about 2 weight percent fibrous material of lithium oxide.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers comprise about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 5 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent calcia, and about 0. .1 to about 1 weight percent lithium oxide fibrous material.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers comprise about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 5 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, 1 to more than about 5 weight percent calcia, and about 0. 1 to about 1 weight percent lithium oxide fibrous material.

According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers comprise about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 5 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, about 0.1 to about 3 weight percent calcia, and about 0. .1 to about 1 weight percent lithium oxide fibrous material.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers are about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, about 0.1 to about 15 weight percent calcia, and about 0. .1 to about 5 weight percent fibrous material of lithium oxide.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers comprise about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, 1 to more than about 15 weight percent calcia, and about 0. 1 to about 5 weight percent lithium oxide fibrous material.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers comprise about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, about 0.1 to about 10 weight percent calcia, and about 0. .1 to about 2 weight percent lithium oxide fibrous material.

According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers comprise about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, 1 to more than about 10 weight percent calcia, and about 0. 1 to about 2 weight percent fibrous material of lithium oxide.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers are about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent calcia, and about 0. .1 to about 1 weight percent lithium oxide fibrous material.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers comprise about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, 1 to more than about 5 weight percent calcia, and about 0. 1 to about 1 weight percent lithium oxide fibrous material.

According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers comprise about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, about 0.1 to about 3 weight percent calcia, and about 0. .1 to about 1 weight percent lithium oxide fibrous material.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers comprise about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, 1 to more than about 3 weight percent calcia, and about 0. 1 to about 1 weight percent lithium oxide fibrous material.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers comprise about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, greater than 0 up to about 35 weight percent magnesia, greater than 0 up to about 35 weight percent calcia, lithium oxide and Includes fibrous boria.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers are about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, 1 to more than about 10 weight percent calcia, about 0.1. To about 2 weight percent lithium oxide and about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent boria fibrous material.

According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers are about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, 1 to more than about 10 weight percent calcia, lithium oxide and alumina. Includes a fibrous material in the form of a combination of boria and boria.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers are about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, 1 to more than about 10 weight percent calcia, about 0.1. To about 2 weight percent lithium oxide, about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent alumina, and about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent boria fibrous material.

According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers comprise about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 5 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, 1 to more than about 35 weight percent calcia, and greater than 0. Contains up to about 2 weight percent fibrous material of lithium oxide.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers comprise about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 5 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, 1 to more than about 35 weight percent calcia, and about 0. 1 to about 1.5 weight percent fibrous material of lithium oxide.

According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers comprise about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 5 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, 1 to more than about 35 weight percent calcia, and about 0. 1 to about 1 weight percent lithium oxide fibrous material.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers comprise about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 5 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, 1 to more than about 35 weight percent calcia, and about 0. 1 to about 0.75 weight percent lithium oxide fibrous material.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers comprise about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 5 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, 1 to more than about 35 weight percent calcia, and about 0. 1 to about 0.5 weight percent lithium oxide fibrous material.

According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers are about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 5 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, 1 to more than about 35 weight percent calcia, and more than 0 about. Contains up to 2 weight percent of fibrous material of lithium oxide and alumina.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers comprise about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 5 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, 1 to more than about 35 weight percent calcia, and about 0. 1 to about 2 weight percent lithium oxide and fibrous material of alumina.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers are about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 5 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, 1 to more than about 35 weight percent calcia, and more than 0 about. It contains up to 2 weight percent of lithium oxide and boria fibrates.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers comprise about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 5 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, 1 to more than about 35 weight percent calcia, and about 0. 1 to about 2 weight percent lithium oxide and boria fibrous material.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers are from about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, greater than 0 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, greater than 0 to about 35 weight percent calcia, greater than 0. It contains up to about 2 weight percent of lithium oxide and fibrous material of a combination of alumina and boria.

According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers comprise about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 5 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, 1 to more than about 35 weight percent calcia, and about 0. 1 to about 2 weight percent lithium oxide and a fibrous material of a combination of alumina and boria.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers are about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, greater than 0 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, greater than 0 to about 35 weight percent calcia, greater than 0. Includes up to about 2 weight percent lithium oxide and greater than 0 up to about 5 weight percent alumina fibrates.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers comprise about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, greater than 0 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, greater than 0 to about 35 weight percent calcia, about 0. 1 to about 2 weight percent lithium oxide and greater than 0 up to about 5 weight percent alumina fibrates.

According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers comprise about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, greater than 0 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, greater than 0 to about 35 weight percent calcia, about 0. 5 to about 2 weight percent lithium oxide, and greater than 0 up to about 5 weight percent alumina fibrous material.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers comprise from about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, from greater than 0 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, from greater than 0 to about 35 weight percent calcia, from about 1 to about 35 weight percent. Includes about 2 weight percent lithium oxide and greater than 0 and up to about 5 weight percent alumina fibrates.

According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers comprise about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, greater than 0 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, greater than 0 to about 35 weight percent calcia, about 1. 5 to about 2 weight percent lithium oxide, and greater than 0 up to about 5 weight percent alumina fibrous material.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers are about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, more than 0 up to about 15 weight percent calcia, more than 0 about. Includes up to 2 weight percent lithium oxide and greater than 0 up to about 5 weight percent alumina fibrates.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers are about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, about 0.1 to about 10 weight percent calcia, and about 0. .1 to about 2 weight percent lithium oxide fibrous material.

According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers are about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, about 0.1 to about 10 weight percent calcia, and about 0. .1 to about 1.5 weight percent fibrous material of lithium oxide.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers are about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, about 0.1 to about 10 weight percent calcia, and about 0. .1 to about 1 weight percent lithium oxide fibrous material.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers are about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, about 0.1 to about 10 weight percent calcia, and about 0. .1 to about 0.75 weight percent lithium oxide fibrous material.

According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers are about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, about 0.1 to about 10 weight percent calcia, and about 0. .1 to about 0.5 weight percent fibrous material of lithium oxide.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers comprise about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, 1 to more than about 15 weight percent calcia, about 0.1. To about 2 weight percent lithium oxide and about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent alumina fibrous material.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers are about 70 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, 1 to more than about 15 weight percent calcia, about 0.1. To about 2 weight percent lithium oxide and about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent alumina fibrous material.

According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers are about 70 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, 1 to more than about 15 weight percent calcia, about 0.1. To about 1.5 weight percent lithium oxide and about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent fibrous material of alumina.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers are about 70 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, 1 to more than about 15 weight percent calcia, about 0.1. To about 1 weight percent lithium oxide and about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent alumina fibrous material.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers are about 70 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, 1 to more than about 15 weight percent calcia, about 0.1. To about 0.8 weight percent lithium oxide, and about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent alumina fibrous material.

According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers are about 70 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, 1 to more than about 15 weight percent calcia, about 0.1. To about 0.5 weight percent lithium oxide, and about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent alumina fibrous material.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers are about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, more than 0 up to about 15 weight percent calcia, about 0.5. To about 2 weight percent lithium oxide, and greater than 0 up to about 5 weight percent alumina fibrous material.

According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers are about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, 1 to more than about 15 weight percent calcia, about 0.5. To about 2 weight percent lithium oxide, and about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent alumina fibrous material.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers are about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, 1 to more than about 15 weight percent calcia, about 0.5. To about 2 weight percent lithium oxide, and greater than 0 up to about 5 weight percent alumina fibrous material.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers are about 70 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, 1 to more than about 15 weight percent calcia, about 0.5. To about 3 weight percent lithium oxide, and about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent alumina fibrous material.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers are about 70 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, 1 to more than about 15 weight percent calcia, about 0.5. To about 2.5 weight percent lithium oxide, and about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent alumina fibrous material.

According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers are about 70 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, 1 to more than about 15 weight percent calcia, about 0.5. To about 2 weight percent lithium oxide and about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent alumina fibrous material.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers are about 70 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, 1 to more than about 15 weight percent calcia, about 0.5. To about 1.5 weight percent lithium oxide and about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent fibrous material of alumina.

According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers are about 70 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, 1 to more than about 15 weight percent calcia, about 0.5. To about 1 weight percent lithium oxide, and about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent alumina fibrous material.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers are about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, more than 0 up to about 15 weight percent calcia, about 1 to about 1 weight percent. It includes 2 weight percent lithium oxide and greater than 0 up to about 5 weight percent alumina fibrates.

According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers are about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, more than 0 up to about 15 weight percent calcia, about 1.5. To about 2 weight percent lithium oxide, and greater than 0 up to about 5 weight percent alumina fibrous material.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers are about 70 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, 1 to more than about 15 weight percent calcia, about 1 to about 1 weight percent. It includes 2 weight percent lithium oxide and about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent alumina fibrous material.

According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers are about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, more than 0 up to about 6 weight percent calcia, more than 0 about. Includes up to 2 weight percent lithium oxide and greater than 0 up to about 5 weight percent alumina fibrates.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers are about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, more than 0 up to about 6 weight percent calcia, more than 0 about. Includes up to 1 weight percent lithium oxide and greater than 0 up to about 5 weight percent alumina fibrates.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers are about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, more than 0 up to about 6 weight percent calcia, more than 0 about. Includes up to 0.5 weight percent lithium oxide and greater than 0 up to about 5 weight percent alumina fibrates.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers comprise about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, 1 to more than about 6 weight percent calcia, about 0.1. To about 2 weight percent lithium oxide, and about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent alumina fibrous material.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers comprise about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, 1 to more than about 6 weight percent calcia, about 0.1. To about 1 weight percent lithium oxide, and about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent alumina fibrous material.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fiber comprises about 70 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, 1 to more than about 6 weight percent calcia, about 0.1. To about 2 weight percent lithium oxide, and about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent alumina fibrous material.

According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fiber comprises about 70 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, 1 to more than about 6 weight percent calcia, about 0.1. To about 1 weight percent lithium oxide and about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent alumina fibrous material.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers are about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, more than 0 up to about 3 weight percent calcia, more than 0 about. Includes up to 2 weight percent lithium oxide and greater than 0 up to about 5 weight percent alumina fibrates.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers are about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, more than 0 up to about 3 weight percent calcia, more than 0 about. Includes up to 1 weight percent lithium oxide and greater than 0 up to about 5 weight percent alumina fibrates.

According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers are about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, more than 0 up to about 3 weight percent calcia, more than 0 about. Includes up to 0.5 weight percent lithium oxide and greater than 0 up to about 5 weight percent alumina fibrates.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers are about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, 1 to more than about 3 weight percent calcia, about 0.1. To about 2 weight percent lithium oxide and about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent alumina fibrous material.

According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers are about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, 1 to more than about 3 weight percent calcia, about 0.1. To about 1 weight percent lithium oxide, and about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent alumina fibrous material.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers comprise about 70 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, 1 to more than about 3 weight percent calcia, about 0.1. To about 2 weight percent lithium oxide, and about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent alumina fibrous material.

According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers comprise about 70 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, 1 to more than about 3 weight percent calcia, about 0.1. To about 1 weight percent lithium oxide and about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent alumina fibrous material.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers are about 75 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 12 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, greater than 0 to about 3 weight percent calcia, greater than 0 about. Includes up to 0.5 weight percent lithium oxide and greater than 0 up to about 3 weight percent alumina fibrates.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers are about 75 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 12 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, greater than 0 to about 3 weight percent calcia, greater than 0 about. Includes up to 0.25 weight percent lithium oxide, and greater than 0 up to about 3 weight percent alumina fiber.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers are about 75 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 12 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, greater than 0 to about 3 weight percent calcia, greater than 0 about. Includes up to 0.1 weight percent lithium oxide and greater than 0 up to about 3 weight percent alumina fibrous material.

According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers are about 75 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 12 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, 1 to more than about 3 weight percent calcia, about 0.1. To about 1 weight percent lithium oxide, and about 0.1 to about 3 weight percent alumina fibrous material.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers are about 75 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 12 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, 1 to more than about 3 weight percent calcia, about 0.1. To about 0.8 weight percent lithium oxide, and about 0.1 to about 3 weight percent alumina fibrous material.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers are about 75 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 12 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, 1 to more than about 3 weight percent calcia, about 0.1. To about 0.5 weight percent lithium oxide and about 0.1 to about 3 weight percent alumina fibrous material.

According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers comprise about 75 to about 82 weight percent silica, greater than 0 up to about 22 weight percent magnesia, greater than about 3 weight percent calcia, and greater than 0 about 1. Includes up to weight percent lithium oxide, and greater than 0 up to about 3 weight percent alumina fibrates.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers comprise from about 75 to about 82 weight percent silica, from 5 to up to about 22 weight percent magnesia, from about 3 weight percent more than calcia, from about 0.1. Includes about 1 weight percent lithium oxide and about 0.1 to about 3 weight percent alumina fibrous material.

According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers comprise about 75 to about 82 weight percent silica, greater than 0 up to about 22 weight percent magnesia, greater than about 4 weight percent calcia, and greater than 0 about 1. Includes up to weight percent lithium oxide, and greater than 0 up to about 3 weight percent alumina fibrates.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers comprise from about 75 to about 82 weight percent silica, from 5 to up to about 22 weight percent magnesia, from about 4 weight percent more than calcia, from about 0.1. Includes about 1 weight percent lithium oxide and about 0.1 to about 3 weight percent alumina fibrous material.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers are from about 75 to about 82 weight percent silica, more than 0 up to about 22 weight percent magnesia, more than about 5 weight percent calcia, more than 0 about 1 weight percent. Includes up to weight percent lithium oxide, and greater than 0 up to about 3 weight percent alumina fibrates.

According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers comprise from about 75 to about 82 weight percent silica, from 5 to up to about 22 weight percent magnesia, from about 5 weight percent more than calcia, from about 0.1. It contains about 1 weight percent lithium oxide and about 0.1 to about 3 weight percent alumina fibrous material.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers are about 75 to about 82 weight percent silica, more than 0 up to about 22 weight percent magnesia, more than about 6 weight percent calcia, more than 0 about 1 weight percent. Includes up to about 3 weight percent lithium oxide, and greater than 0 up to about 3 weight percent alumina fiber.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers are from about 75 to about 82 weight percent silica, from 5 to up to about 22 weight percent magnesia, from about 6 weight percent more than calcia, from about 0.1. It contains about 1 weight percent lithium oxide and about 0.1 to about 3 weight percent alumina fibrous material.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fiber comprises about 70 to about 80 weight percent silica, about 15 to about 30 weight percent magnesia, lithium oxide and calcia fibrates.

According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fiber comprises about 70 to about 80 weight percent silica, about 15 to about 30 weight percent magnesia, greater than 0 to about 2 weight percent lithium oxide, and about 15 weight percent. To about 30 weight percent calcia fiber.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers comprise about 70 to about 80 weight percent silica, about 15 to about 30 weight percent magnesia, about 0.1 to about 2 weight percent lithium oxide, and about It contains from 15 to about 30 weight percent calcia fibrous material.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers comprise about 70 to about 80 weight percent silica, about 15 to about 30 weight percent magnesia, more than 0 up to about 1 weight percent lithium oxide, and about 15 weight percent. To about 30 weight percent calcia fiber.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers comprise about 70 to about 80 weight percent silica, about 15 to about 30 weight percent magnesia, about 0.1 to about 1 weight percent lithium oxide, and about It contains from 15 to about 30 weight percent calcia fibrous material.

According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fiber comprises about 70 to about 80 weight percent silica, about 15 to about 30 weight percent magnesia, greater than 0 up to about 0.75 weight percent lithium oxide, and Includes about 15 to about 30 weight percent calcia fiber.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers are about 70 to about 80 weight percent silica, about 15 to about 30 weight percent magnesia, about 0.1 to about 0.75 weight percent lithium oxide, And about 15 to about 30 weight percent calcia fibrates.

According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers comprise about 70 to about 80 weight percent silica, about 15 to about 30 weight percent magnesia, about 15 to about 30 weight percent calcium oxide, and lithium oxide. Including fibrates, wherein the amount of lithium oxide is greater than 0 up to about 1 weight percent lithium oxide, greater than 0 up to about 0.9 weight percent lithium oxide, greater than 0 up to about 0.8 weight percent lithium oxide. , More than 0 up to about 0.7 weight percent lithium oxide, more than 0 up to about 0.6 weight percent lithium oxide, more than 0 up to about 0.5 weight percent lithium oxide, more than 0 up to about 0.4. Lithium oxide up to weight percent, more than 0 up to about 0.3 weight percent lithium oxide, or more than 0 up to about 0.25 weight percent lithium oxide, more than 0 up to about 0.2 weight percent lithium oxide, 0 to about 0.175 weight percent lithium oxide, 0 to about 0.15 weight percent lithium oxide, 0 to about 0.125 weight percent lithium oxide, 0 to about 0.1 weight percent. Lithium oxide up to 0, more than 0 up to about 0.075 weight percent lithium oxide, up to 0 up to about 0.05 weight percent lithium oxide, up to 0 up to about 0.025 weight percent lithium oxide, up to 0. It may be selected from up to about 0.0125 weight percent lithium oxide, or greater than 0 up to about 0.01 weight percent lithium oxide.

According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers are about 70 to about 80 weight percent silica, about 15 to about 30 weight percent magnesia, greater than 0 to about 2 weight percent lithium oxide, about 15 to about. Includes about 30 weight percent calcia, and greater than 0 up to about 5 weight percent alumina fibrous material.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers are about 70 to about 80 weight percent silica, about 15 to about 30 weight percent magnesia, about 0.1 to about 2 weight percent lithium oxide, about 15 weight percent. To about 30 weight percent calcia, and greater than 0 up to about 5 weight percent alumina fibrous material.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers are about 70 to about 80 weight percent silica, about 15 to about 30 weight percent magnesia, about 0.1 to about 1 weight percent lithium oxide, about 15 weight percent. To about 30 weight percent calcia, and greater than 0 up to about 5 weight percent alumina fibrous material.

According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers are about 70 to about 80 weight percent silica, about 15 to about 30 weight percent magnesia, greater than 0 to about 2 weight percent lithium oxide, about 15 to about. Includes about 30 weight percent calcia, and greater than 0 up to about 5 weight percent boria fibrous material.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers are about 70 to about 80 weight percent silica, about 15 to about 30 weight percent magnesia, greater than 0 to about 2 weight percent lithium oxide, about 15 to about. Includes about 30 weight percent calcia, and greater than 0 up to about 5 weight percent of a combination of alumina and boria fibrates.

According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers are about 70 to about 80 weight percent silica, about 15 to about 30 weight percent magnesia, greater than 0 to about 1 weight percent lithium oxide, about 15 to about 15 weight percent. Includes about 30 weight percent calcia, and greater than 0 up to about 5 weight percent alumina fibrous material.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers are about 70 to about 80 weight percent silica, about 15 to about 30 weight percent magnesia, greater than 0 to about 1 weight percent lithium oxide, about 15 to about 15 weight percent. Includes about 30 weight percent calcia, and greater than 0 up to about 5 weight percent boria fibrous material.

According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers are about 70 to about 80 weight percent silica, about 15 to about 30 weight percent magnesia, greater than 0 to about 1 weight percent lithium oxide, about 15 to about 15 weight percent. Includes about 30 weight percent calcia, and greater than 0 up to about 5 weight percent of a combination of alumina and boria fibrates.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers are about 70 to about 80 weight percent silica, about 15 to about 30 weight percent magnesia, greater than 0 up to about 0.5 weight percent lithium oxide, about. Includes 15 to about 30 weight percent calcium oxide, and greater than 0 up to about 5 weight percent alumina fibrates.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers are about 70 to about 80 weight percent silica, about 15 to about 30 weight percent magnesia, about 0.5 to about 2 weight percent lithium oxide, about 15 weight percent. To about 30 weight percent calcium oxide, and about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent alumina fibrous material.

According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers are about 70 to about 80 weight percent silica, about 15 to about 30 weight percent magnesia, greater than 0 up to about 0.5 weight percent lithium oxide, about. Includes 15 to about 30 weight percent calcia, and greater than 0 to about 5 weight percent boria fibrous material.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers are about 70 to about 80 weight percent silica, about 15 to about 30 weight percent magnesia, greater than 0 up to about 0.5 weight percent lithium oxide, about. Includes 15 to about 30 weight percent calcium oxide, and greater than 0 up to about 5 weight percent alumina and boria combination fibrates.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fiber comprises about 79 weight percent silica, about 20 weight percent magnesia, greater than 0 to about 0.4 weight percent lithium oxide, greater than 0 to about 6 weight percent. Up to about 1.5 weight percent alumina fibrates.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers are from about 76 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 19 weight percent magnesia, about 0.1 to about 1 weight percent lithium oxide, 1 or more. Includes up to about 6 weight percent calcia, and about 0.5 to about 1.5 weight percent alumina fibrous material.

According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers are about 76 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 19 weight percent magnesia, about 0.1 to about 0.75 weight percent lithium oxide, Includes greater than 1 up to about 6 weight percent calcia, and about 0.5 to about 1.5 weight percent alumina fibrous material.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers are about 76 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 19 weight percent magnesia, about 0.1 to about 0.5 weight percent lithium oxide, Includes greater than 1 up to about 6 weight percent calcia, and about 0.5 to about 1.5 weight percent alumina fibrous material.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers comprise from about 76 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 19 weight percent magnesia, about 0.1 to about 1 weight percent lithium oxide, 1 and more. Includes up to about 5 weight percent calcia, and about 0.5 to about 1.5 weight percent alumina fibrous material.

According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers are from about 76 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 19 weight percent magnesia, about 0.1 to about 1 weight percent lithium oxide, 1 or more. Includes up to about 4 weight percent calcia, and about 0.5 to about 1.5 weight percent alumina fibrous material.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers are from about 76 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 19 weight percent magnesia, about 0.1 to about 1 weight percent lithium oxide, 1 or more. Includes up to about 3 weight percent calcia, and about 0.5 to about 1.5 weight percent alumina fibrous material.

According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers comprise from about 76 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 19 weight percent magnesia, about 0.1 to about 1 weight percent lithium oxide, 1 and more. Includes up to about 2 weight percent calcia, and about 0.5 to about 1.5 weight percent alumina fibrous material.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers are about 76 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 19 weight percent magnesia, about 0.5 to about 1.5 weight percent lithium oxide, Includes greater than 1 up to about 6 weight percent calcia, and about 0.5 to about 1.5 weight percent alumina fibrous material.

According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers are about 76 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 19 weight percent magnesia, about 0.5 to about 1.5 weight percent lithium oxide, Includes greater than 1 up to about 5 weight percent calcia, and about 0.5 to about 1.5 weight percent alumina fibrous material.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers are about 76 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 19 weight percent magnesia, about 0.5 to about 1.5 weight percent lithium oxide, Includes greater than 1 up to about 4 weight percent calcia, and about 0.5 to about 1.5 weight percent alumina fibrous material.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers are about 76 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 19 weight percent magnesia, about 0.5 to about 1.5 weight percent lithium oxide, Includes greater than 1 up to about 3 weight percent calcia, and about 0.5 to about 1.5 weight percent alumina fibrous material.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers are about 76 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 19 weight percent magnesia, about 0.5 to about 1.5 weight percent lithium oxide, Includes greater than 1 up to about 2 weight percent calcia, and about 0.5 to about 1.5 weight percent alumina fibrous material.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers comprise about 75 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 12 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, about 1 to about 3 weight percent calcia, and more than about 0. It contains up to 2% by weight of lithia fibrates.

According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fiber comprises about 75 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 12 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, about 1 to about 3 weight percent calcia, and more than about 0. It contains up to 1% by weight of lithia fibrates.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fiber comprises about 75 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 12 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, about 1 to about 3 weight percent calcia, and more than about 0. It contains up to 0.75 weight percent of lithia fibrates.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fiber comprises about 75 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 12 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, about 1 to about 3 weight percent calcia, and more than about 0. It contains up to 0.5% by weight of lithia fibrates.

According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers are about 75 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 12 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, about 1 to about 3 weight percent calcia, more than 0 to about 1 weight percent. Up to about 3 weight percent alumina fibrates.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers comprise about 75 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 5 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, more than 3 weight percent calcia, and more than 0 about 2 weight percent. Contains up to a percentage of lithia fibrates.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fiber comprises about 75 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 5 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, more than 3 weight percent calcia, and more than 0 to about 1 weight percent. Contains up to a percentage of lithia fibrates.

According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers comprise about 75 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 5 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, more than 3 weight percent calcia, and more than 0 about 0. It contains up to 75% by weight of lithia fibrates.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers comprise about 75 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 5 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, more than 3 weight percent calcia, and more than 0 about 0. It contains up to 5% by weight of lithia fibrates.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers comprise about 75 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 5 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, 3 weight percent more calcia, 0 more than about 1 weight percent. Up to about 3 weight percent alumina fibrates.
According to certain exemplary embodiments, the inorganic fibers comprise about 75 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 5 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, about 3 to about 6 weight percent calcia, and more than about 0. It contains up to 2% by weight of lithia fibrates.

In connection with all of the inorganic fiber embodiments described, and based on the amount of calcia listed in a given embodiment, in addition to magnesia, silica, a given fiber composition has the intended calcia. Is added in an amount of more than 0 up to about 10 weight percent, in an amount of more than 0 up to about 7.5 weight percent, in an amount of more than 0 up to about 7 weight percent, more than 0 to about 6.5 weight. Up to about 0, up to about 6 weight percent, up to about 0 to about 5.5 weight percent, up to about 0 to about 5 weight percent, up to about 0. In an amount up to 5 weight percent, in an amount greater than 0 up to about 4 weight percent, in an amount greater than 0 up to about 3.5 weight percent, in an amount greater than 0 up to about 3 weight percent, greater than 0 about Amounts of up to 2.5 weight percent, greater than 0 up to about 2 weight percent, greater than 0 up to about 1.5 weight percent, greater than 0 up to about 1 weight percent, greater than 0. Amounts of up to about 0.5 weight percent, amounts of greater than 0 up to about 0.25 weight percent, amounts of about 0.1 to about 10 weight percent, and amounts of about 0.1 to about 9 weight percent. In an amount of about 0.1 to about 7.5 weight percent, in an amount of about 0.1 to about 7 weight percent, in an amount of about 0.1 to about 6.5 weight percent, about 0.1 In an amount of about 6 weight percent, in an amount of about 0.1 to about 5.5 weight percent, in an amount of about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent, in an amount of about 0.1 to about 4.5 weight percent. , About 0.1 to about 4 weight percent, about 0.1 to about 3.5 weight percent, about 0.1 to about 3 weight percent, about 0.1 to about 2. 5 weight percent, about 0.1 to about 2 weight percent, about 0.1 to about 1.5 weight percent, about 0.1 to about 1 weight percent, about 0. 1 to about 0.5 weight percent, about 0.1 to about 10 weight percent, about 0.1 to about 0.25 weight percent, about 0.5 to about 10 weight percent. In an amount of about 0.5 to about 9 weight percent, in an amount of about 0.5 to about 7.5 weight percent, in an amount of about 0.5 to about 7 weight percent, about 0.5 to In an amount of about 6.5 weight percent, in an amount of about 0.5 to about 6 weight percent, in an amount of about 0.5 to about 5.5 weight percent, in an amount of about 0.5 to about 5 weight percent. , In an amount of about 0.5 to about 4.5 weight percent, in an amount of about 0.5 to about 4 weight percent, 0.5 to about 3.5 weight percent, about 0.5 to about 3 weight percent, about 0.5 to about 2.5 weight percent, about 0.5 to about 2 weight percent. In an amount of about 0.5 to about 1.5 weight percent, in an amount of about 0.5 to about 1 weight percent, in an amount of about 1 to about 10 weight percent, about 1.5 to about 10 weight percent. In an amount of about 2 to about 10 percent by weight, in an amount of about 2.5 to about 10 percent by weight, in an amount of about 3 to about 10 percent by weight, about 3.5 to about 10 percent by weight. In an amount of about 4 to about 10 weight percent, in an amount of about 1 to about 6 weight percent, in an amount of about 1.5 to about 6 weight percent, in an amount of about 2 to about 6 weight percent, In an amount of about 2.5 to about 6 weight percent, in an amount of about 3 to about 6 weight percent, in an amount of about 3.5 to about 6 weight percent, in an amount of about 4 to about 6 weight percent, or about It may be contained in an amount of 5 to about 6.

In connection with all of the inorganic fiber embodiments described and based on the amount of lithium oxide listed in a given embodiment, a given fiber composition, in addition to magnesia, silica, was contemplated. Lithium oxide in an amount greater than 0 up to about 5 weight percent, in an amount greater than 0 up to about 4.5 weight percent, in an amount greater than 0 up to about 4 weight percent, greater than 0 up to about 3.5 weight percent. Percentages up to 0 and up to about 3 weight percent, up to 0 up to about 2.5 weight percent, up to 0 up to about 2 weight percent and up to 0 up to about 1. In an amount up to 5 weight percent, in an amount greater than 0 up to about 1 weight percent, in an amount greater than 0 up to about 0.8 weight percent, in an amount greater than 0 up to about 0.5 weight percent, greater than 0. Often up to about 0.3 weight percent, in an amount of about 0.1 to about 2 weight percent, in an amount of about 0.1 to about 1.5 weight percent, about 0.1 to about 1 weight percent. In an amount of about 0.1 to about 0.9 weight percent, in an amount of about 0.1 to about 0.8 weight percent, in an amount of about 0.1 to about 0.7 weight percent, about 0. .1 to about 0.7 weight percent, about 0.1 to about 0.6 weight percent, about 0.1 to about 0.5 weight percent, about 0.1 to about 0. .4 weight percent, in an amount of about 0.1 to about 0.3 weight percent, in an amount of about 0.1 to about 0.2 weight percent, in an amount of about 0.2 to about 2 weight percent. , In an amount of about 0.3 to about 2 weight percent, in an amount of about 0.4 to about 2 weight percent, in an amount of about 0.5 to about 2 weight percent, and in an amount of about 0.6 to about 2 weight percent. In an amount of about 0.7 to about 2 weight percent, in an amount of about 0.8 to about 2 weight percent, in an amount of about 0.9 to about 2 weight percent, and in an amount of about 1 to about 2 weight percent. It may be included in an amount of about 1.2 to about 2 weight percent, or about 1.5 to about 2 weight percent.

In connection with all of the inorganic fiber embodiments described, and based on the amount of alumina listed in a given embodiment, alkali metal oxides such as magnesia, silica, lithia, and additional alkalis such as calcia. In addition to the earth oxide, a given fiber composition contains alumina in an amount greater than 0 and up to about 4.5 weight percent, and in an amount greater than 0 and up to about 4 weight percent, and greater than 0 and about 3. In an amount up to 0.5 weight percent, in an amount greater than 0 up to about 3 weight percent, in an amount greater than 0 up to about 2.5 weight percent, in an amount greater than 0 up to about 2 weight percent, greater than 0. In an amount up to about 1.5 weight percent, in an amount greater than 0 up to about 1 weight percent, in an amount greater than 0 up to about 0.8 weight percent, in an amount greater than 0 up to about 0.5 weight percent. , In an amount of greater than 0 up to about 0.3 weight percent, in an amount of about 0.1 to about 2 weight percent, in an amount of about 0.1 to about 1.5 weight percent, about 0.1 to about 1 In an amount of about 0.1 to about 0.9 percent by weight, in an amount of about 0.1 to about 0.8 percent by weight, and in an amount of about 0.1 to about 0.7 percent by weight. In an amount of about 0.1 to about 0.7 weight percent, in an amount of about 0.1 to about 0.6 weight percent, in an amount of about 0.1 to about 0.5 weight percent, about 0.1. To about 0.4 weight percent, in an amount of about 0.1 to about 0.3 weight percent, in an amount of about 0.1 to about 0.2 weight percent, about 0.2 to about 2 weight percent. In an amount of about 0.3 to about 2 weight percent, in an amount of about 0.4 to about 2 weight percent, in an amount of about 0.5 to about 2 weight percent, about 0.6 to about 2 In an amount of about 0.7 to about 2 percent by weight, in an amount of about 0.8 to about 2 percent by weight, in an amount of about 0.9 to about 2 percent by weight, about 1 to about 2 percent by weight. It may be included in an amount of weight percent, in an amount of about 1.2 to about 2 weight percent, or in an amount of about 1.5 to about 2 weight percent.

In connection with all of the inorganic fiber embodiments described and based on the amount of iron oxide listed in a given embodiment, additional metal oxides such as alkali metal oxides such as magnesia, silica, lithia, and calcia. In addition to alkaline earth oxides, a given fiber composition may contain iron oxide in an amount of about 2 weight percent or less, about 1.5 weight percent or less, about 1 weight percent or less, It may be included in an amount up to about 0.75 weight percent, in the range of about 0.1 to about 1, or in the range of about 0.1 to about 0.5.
According to any of the above inorganic fiber compositions, the high temperature resistant inorganic fibers exhibit a linear shrinkage of 5% or less when exposed to a use temperature of 1260° C. or higher for 24 hours and after exposure to the use temperature. It maintains mechanical integrity and exhibits low in vivo durability in physiological fluids.

According to any of the above inorganic fiber compositions, the high temperature resistant inorganic fibers exhibit a linear shrinkage of 4% or less when exposed to a use temperature of 1260° C. or higher for 24 hours and after exposure to the use temperature. It maintains mechanical integrity and exhibits low in vivo durability in physiological fluids.
Any of the above inorganic fiber compositions exhibit a linear shrinkage of 10% or less when exposed to a use temperature of 1400° C. or higher for 24 hours, maintaining mechanical integrity after exposure to the use temperature. However, a high temperature resistant inorganic fiber having low in vivo durability in a physiological fluid is provided.
According to any of the above embodiments, the high temperature resistant inorganic fibers exhibit a linear shrinkage of 5% or less when exposed to a use temperature of 1400° C. or higher for 24 hours and exhibit mechanical integrity after exposure to the use temperature. It maintains its properties and exhibits low in vivo durability in physiological fluids.

A method for producing an inorganic fiber according to any one of the exemplary embodiments described above, comprising: (1) silica, magnesia, and at least one alkaline earth different from at least an alkali metal oxide and magnesium oxide. Forming a molten melt of a component comprising a synergistic amount with a group metal oxide, optionally alumina, optionally boria, and optionally zirconia, and (2) from the molten melt of the component. Methods are also provided that include forming fibers.
According to a particular embodiment, the method of making an inorganic fiber according to any one of the exemplary embodiments described above comprises: (1) silica, magnesia, and one alkali metal oxide different from magnesia. Forming a molten melt of components comprising a synergistic amount with two alkaline earth metal oxides, optionally alumina, optionally boria, and optionally zirconia, and (2) melting the components. Forming fibers from the melt.
According to a particular embodiment, the method of making an inorganic fiber of any one of the exemplary embodiments described above comprises (1) silica, magnesia, and a synergistic amount of calcia and lithium oxide, optionally Forming a molten melt of the components, optionally including alumina, optionally boria, and optionally zirconia, and (2) forming fibers from the molten melt of the components.

A method for preparing fibers comprises forming a molten melt of components comprising from about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, greater than 0 up to about 35 weight percent magnesia, calcia, and lithium oxide. Forming fibers from the molten melt of the.
A method for preparing fibers is a melt of components including from about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, greater than 0 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, greater than 0 to about 35 weight percent calcia, and lithium oxide. Forming a melt.
The method for preparing the fibers comprises about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, more than 0 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, more than 0 to about 35 weight percent calcia, and more than 0 to about 2 weight percent. Forming a molten melt of the component comprising lithium oxide of, and forming a fiber from the molten melt of the component.

The method for preparing the fibers comprises about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, greater than 0 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, greater than 0 to about 35 weight percent calcia, and greater than 0 to about 2 weight percent. Forming a molten melt of the component comprising lithium oxide and greater than 0 up to about 5 weight percent alumina, and forming a fiber from the molten melt of the component.
The method for preparing the fibers comprises about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, greater than 0 to about 15 weight percent calcia, and greater than 0 to about 2 weight percent oxidation. Forming a molten melt of the component that includes lithium, and greater than 0 up to about 5 weight percent alumina, and forming a fiber from the molten melt of the component.

The method for preparing the fibers comprises about 75 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 12 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, more than 0 to about 3 weight percent calcia, more than 0 to about 0.1 weight percent. Forming a molten melt of the component containing lithium oxide of, and 0 to about 3 weight percent alumina, and forming a fiber from the molten melt of the component.
The method for preparing the fiber comprises about 75 to about 82 weight percent silica, more than 0 up to about 22 weight percent magnesia, more than about 3 weight percent calcia, more than 0 up to about 1 weight percent lithium oxide. And forming a molten melt of the component containing greater than 0 and up to about 3 weight percent alumina, and forming a fiber from the molten melt of the component.

Although a number of specific exemplary embodiments of methods of making inorganic fibers are listed above herein, any amount of the raw components of the fiber compositions disclosed herein can Note that it can be used in the method of making.
Also described in any of the above disclosed exemplary embodiments is an article with a fibrous insulation prepared from a plurality of the high temperature resistant, low in vivo durability inorganic fibers disclosed herein. A method of thermal insulation is also provided.
The method comprises silica, magnesia and at least one alkaline earth metal oxide different from at least one alkali metal oxide and magnesia on, in, near or around the article to be thermally insulated. Arranging a thermal insulation material comprising a plurality of any one of the disclosed inorganic fibers comprising a synergistic amount of the above, optionally alumina, optionally boria, and optionally zirconia fibrates. ..
The method comprises: on, in, near, or around an article to be thermally insulated, a synergistic amount of silica, magnesia, and lithium oxide and calcia, optionally alumina, optionally boria, And optionally disposing an insulating material comprising a plurality of inorganic fibers including zirconia fibrates.

The method comprises about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, and more than 0 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, calcia, and lithium oxide on, in, near, or around the article to be thermally insulated. Arranging a heat insulating material containing a plurality of inorganic fibers including the fibrous material.
The method comprises about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, 0 to more than about 35 weight percent magnesia, 0 to more than about 35 on, in, near, or around the article to be thermally insulated. Arranging a thermal insulation material comprising up to weight percent calcia, and a plurality of inorganic fibers including fibrates of lithium oxide.

The method comprises about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, 0 to more than about 35 weight percent magnesia, 0 to more than about 35 on, in, near, or around the article to be thermally insulated. Disposing a thermal insulation material comprising up to weight percent calcia, and a plurality of inorganic fibers including fibrates of greater than 0 up to about 2 weight percent lithium oxide.
The method comprises about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, 0 to more than about 35 weight percent magnesia, 0 to more than about 35 on, in, near, or around the article to be thermally insulated. Disposing an insulating material comprising a plurality of inorganic fibers including up to weight percent calcia, greater than 0 up to about 2 weight percent lithium oxide, and greater than 0 up to about 5 weight percent alumina fibrates.

The method comprises about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, greater than 0 to about 15 weight percent on, in, near, or around the article to be thermally insulated. Arranging an insulating material comprising a plurality of inorganic fibers including up to a percentage of calcia, greater than 0 up to about 2 weight percent lithium oxide, and greater than 0 up to about 5 weight percent alumina fibrates.
The method comprises about 75 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 12 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, greater than 0 to about 3 weight on, in, near, or around the article to be thermally insulated. Arranging a thermal insulation material comprising a plurality of inorganic fibers including up to a percentage of calcia, greater than 0 up to about 0.1 weight percent lithium oxide, and greater than 0 up to about 3 weight percent alumina fibrates. ..

The method comprises about 75 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 0 to about 22 weight percent magnesia, about 3 weight percent on, in, near, or around the article to be thermally insulated. Arranging an insulating material comprising a plurality of inorganic fibers including many calcias, greater than 0 up to about 1 weight percent lithium oxide, and greater than 0 up to about 3 weight percent alumina fibrates.
While a number of specific exemplary embodiments of methods of making inorganic fibers are listed above herein, it is noted that any of the disclosed inorganic fiber compositions can be used in methods of insulating articles. I want to.
Also, blankets, blocks, boards, caulking compositions, cement compositions, coatings, felts, mats, moldable compositions, modules, papers, pumpable compositions, putties. Compositions, sheets, tamping mixtures, vacuum cast shapes, vacuum cast forms, or fabrics (eg, but not limited to blades, cloths, fabrics, ropes, tapes, sleeving). , Core material), also provided is an inorganic fiber-containing article comprising a plurality of inorganic fibers according to any one of the exemplary embodiments described above.
In order for a glass composition to be a promising candidate for producing a fiber product with sufficient high temperature resistance, the fiber produced is manufacturable and sufficiently soluble in physiological fluids (ie , Low in vivo durability) and must be able to withstand high temperatures during exposure to high operating temperatures with minimal shrinkage and minimal loss of mechanical integrity.

The inorganic fiber of the present invention exhibits low in vivo durability in physiological fluids. "Low in vivo durability" in physiological fluid means that the inorganic fibers dissolve, at least in part, in such fluids, such as simulated lung fluid, during in vitro testing.
In vivo durability can be tested by measuring the rate at which mass is lost from fibers (ng/cm ² -hour) under conditions that simulate the temperature and chemical conditions found in human lungs. The test consisted of exposing approximately 0.1 g of de-shotted fibers to 50 ml of simulated lung fluid ("SLF") for 6 hours. The entire test system is maintained at 37°C to simulate human body temperature.
After exposing the SLF to the fibers, the fibers are collected and analyzed for glass components using inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy. A "blank" SLF sample is also measured and used to calibrate the elements present in the SLF. Once this data is obtained, it will be possible to calculate the rate at which the fibers lose mass over the time interval of the study. This fiber has significantly lower in vivo durability in simulated lung fluid than normal refractory ceramic fibers and is at least as soluble as magnesium silicate fibers without the intended addition of calcia and lithium oxide. Have.

To measure the dissolution rate of fibers in simulated lung fluid, approximately 0.1 g of fiber is placed in a 50 ml centrifuge tube containing simulated lung fluid warmed to 37°C. It is then placed in a shaking incubator for 6 hours and agitated at 100 cycles/minute. At the end of the test, the tube is centrifuged and the solution is poured into a 60 ml syringe. The solution is then passed through a 0.45 μm filter to remove particulates and tested for glass components using inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy. This test can be performed using either near neutral pH solutions or acidic solutions. Although there is no specific dissolution rate criterion, fibers with dissolution values above 100 ng/cm ² -hour are considered to represent fibers that are not durable in vivo. The composition for simulated lung fluid was used to test the durability of the fiber composition of the present invention.

To approximately 18 liters of deionized water, the above reagents are added sequentially in the amounts shown in the table above. Dilute the mixture to 20 liters with deionized water and continue stirring the contents for at least 15 minutes with a magnetic stir bar or other suitable means.
"Viscosity" refers to the ability of a glass melt to withstand flow or shear stress. The relationship between viscosity and temperature is important in determining whether a given glass composition can be fiberized. The optimum viscosity curve will have a low viscosity (5-50 poise) at the fiberization temperature and will gradually increase as the temperature decreases. If the melt does not have sufficient viscosity at the fiberization temperature (ie too thin), short thin fibers with a high proportion of non-fiberizable material (shots) result. If the melt is too viscous at the fiberization temperature, the resulting fibers will be very coarse (large diameter) and short.

Viscosity depends on the chemistry of the melt, and such properties are also affected by the elements or compounds that act as viscosity modifiers. Viscosity modifiers allow blowing or spinning fibers from the fiber melt. However, it is desirable that such viscosity modifiers, either by type or amount, do not adversely affect the solubility, shrink resistance, or mechanical strength of the blown or spun fibers.

One approach to testing whether a fiber of defined composition can be easily manufactured at an acceptable quality level is that the viscosity curve of experimental chemistry is that of a known product that can be easily fiberized. Is to determine if it matches. The viscosity-temperature profile can be measured with a viscometer capable of operating at high temperatures. In addition, a sufficient viscosity profile can be inferred by routine experimentation examining the quality (index, diameter, length) of the fibers produced. The shape of the viscosity vs. temperature curve for the glass composition determines the ease with which the melt can be fiberized, and thus the quality of the fibers obtained (eg, fiber shot content, fiber diameter, and fiber length). Represents. Glass generally has a low viscosity at elevated temperatures. The viscosity increases as the temperature decreases. The value of viscosity at a given temperature will vary depending on the composition, as will the overall steepness of the viscosity-temperature curve. The fiber melt composition of the present invention has an easily manufacturable fiber viscosity profile.

The linear shrinkage of an inorganic fiber is an excellent measure of the fiber's dimensional stability at elevated temperatures, or its performance at certain continuous practical or service temperatures. The fibers are tested for shrinkage by molding the fibers into a mat and needle punching the mat together to form a pad having a density of approximately 4-10 pounds per cubic foot and a thickness of approximately 1 inch. Such a pad is cut into 3 inch x 5 inch pieces and platinum pins are inserted into the surface of the material. The separation distance of these pins is then carefully measured and recorded. The pad is then placed in a furnace, gradually warmed and held at that temperature for a period of time. After heating, the pin separation is measured again to determine the linear shrinkage experienced by the pad.
In one such test, the length and width of the fiber pad was carefully measured and the pad was placed in an oven to bring the temperature to 1260°C or 1400°C for 24 or 168 hours. After cooling, the lateral dimensions were measured and the linear shrinkage was determined by comparing the measurement "before" and the measurement "after". If the fibers are available in the form of a blanket, the measurements can be made directly on the blanket without the need to form a pad.

Mechanical integrity is also an important property because the fiber must support its own weight in any application and must also be able to withstand wear due to air or gas movement. Indicators of fiber integrity and mechanical strength are provided by visual and tactile observations as well as mechanical measurements of these properties in the fibers after exposure to operating temperatures. Its ability for a fiber to maintain integrity after exposure to temperature of use can also be measured mechanically by testing for compressive strength and compression recovery. Each of these tests measures how easily the pad can deform after 50% compression and how much elasticity (or compression recovery) the pad exhibits. Visual and tactile observations indicate that the inorganic fibers of the present invention remain intact and maintain their morphology after exposure to use temperatures of at least 1260°C or 1400°C.
Low in vivo durability inorganic fibers are made by standard glass and ceramic fiber manufacturing methods. Using raw materials, such as silica, and any suitable magnesia source, such as pyroxene, magnesia, olivine, magnesia, magnesite, calcined magnesite, magnesium zirconate, periclase, steatite, or talc. You can Any suitable lithium-containing compound can be used as the lithium oxide source. Lithium may be included in the fiber melt as Li ₂ CO ₃ . When zirconia is included in the fiber melt, any suitable zirconia source can be used, such as baddeleyite, magnesium zirconate, zircon or zirconia. The material is introduced into a suitable furnace where it is melted and blown or spun using a fiberizing nozzle, either in batch or continuous mode.
According to a particular embodiment, the inorganic fibers of the invention have an average diameter of 4 μm or more.

Inorganic fibers containing the intended synergistic amounts of a combination of lithium oxide and calcia are useful for thermal insulation applications at continuous practical or operating temperatures of at least 1260°C, 1400°C or higher. According to certain embodiments, the lithium oxide and calcium oxide containing fibers are useful for adiabatic applications at continuous practical or operating temperatures of at least 1400° C. and include calcium oxide and lithium oxide additions. It has been discovered that magnesium silicate fibers do not melt until they are exposed to temperatures of 1500° C. or higher.

Inorganic fibers can be prepared by fiber blowing or fiber spinning techniques. A preferred fiber blowing technique is to mix together starting raw materials containing magnesia, silica, lithium oxide, calcium oxide, additional viscosity modifiers, and optional zirconia to form a material mixture of ingredients, ingredients. Introducing the material mixture of claim 1 into a suitable container or container, melting the material mixture of components for discharge through a suitable nozzle, and propelling a high pressure gas onto the discharged flow of the material mixture of melted components. Spraying and forming fibers.

Suitable fiber spinning techniques include the steps of mixing the starting raw materials together to form a component material mixture, introducing the component material mixture into a suitable container or container, a suitable nozzle on a spinning wheel. Melting the ingredient material mixture for release via. The molten stream is then staged onto a spinning wheel to coat the spinning wheel and form fibers by swirling it with centripetal forces.
In some embodiments, the fibers are drawn from the melt of the raw material by exposing the melted stream to a jet of high pressure/high velocity air or by casting the melt on a spinning spinning wheel and centrifuging the fibers. It is produced by spinning.

In addition to the calcium oxide-containing compound and the lithium oxide-containing compound, the viscosity of the component material melt is optionally that of other viscosity modifiers in an amount sufficient to provide the required fiberization for the desired application. It may also be controlled by being. The viscosity modifier may be present in the raw materials that supply the major constituents of the melt, or at least some may be added separately. The desired particle size of the raw materials is determined by furnace conditions such as furnace size (SEF), casting rate, melt temperature, residence time, and the like.
The fibers may be manufactured by existing fiberization techniques and formed into multiple insulation product forms, including, but not limited to, bulk fibers, fiber-containing blankets, boards, papers, felts. , Mats, blocks, modules, coatings, cements, mouldable compositions, pumpable compositions, putties, ropes, braids, cores, fabrics (eg cloth, tape, sleeving, string, yarn etc.) , Vacuum cast profiles and composites. The fibers can be used as a substitute for conventional refractory ceramic fibers in combination with conventional materials utilized in the production of fiber-containing blankets, vacuum cast profiles and composites. The fibers may be used alone or in combination with other materials such as binders in the production of papers and felts containing the fibers.
The fibers can be easily melted by standard glass furnace heating methods and fiberized by standard RCF fiberization equipment and are not in vivo durable in simulated body fluids.
High temperature resistant inorganic fibers are easily producible from melts with improved viscosity suitable for blowing or spinning fibers, they are non-durable in physiological fluids and have good mechanical properties up to working temperature. It exhibits strength and excellent linear shrinkage up to and above 1400° C., presenting improved viscosity for fiberization.

The following examples describe in more detail exemplary embodiments of inorganic fibers, exemplifying methods of preparing inorganic fibers, methods of preparing insulation articles containing fibers, and methods of using fibers as insulation. It is written to do so. However, the examples should not be construed as limiting the process of making or using the fiber, the fiber-containing article, or the insulation as a heat insulating material in any way.

Linear shrinkage A shrink pad was prepared by puncturing a fiber mat using a set of felt needles. 3″×5″ test pieces were cut from the pads and used for shrinkage testing. The length and width of the test pad were carefully measured. The test pad was then placed in a furnace and brought to a temperature of 1400° C. for 24 hours. After heating for 24 hours, the test pad was removed from the test furnace and cooled. After cooling, the length and width of the test pad was measured again. The linear shrinkage of the test pad was determined by comparing the "before" and "after" dimensional measurements.
A second shrink pad was prepared in a manner similar to that disclosed for the first shrink pad. However, the second shrink pad was placed in the oven and brought to a temperature of 1260° C. for 24 hours. After heating for 24 hours, the test pad was removed from the test furnace and cooled. After cooling, the length and width of the test pad was measured again. The linear shrinkage of the test pad was determined by comparing the "before" and "after" dimensional measurements.

Compression Recovery The ability of inorganic fibers to retain mechanical strength after exposure to use temperatures was evaluated by a compression recovery test. Compression recovery is a measure of the mechanical performance of inorganic fibers in response to exposure of the fiber to the desired use temperature over a given period of time. Compression recovery is measured by firing a test pad made from an inorganic fiber material at the test temperature for a selected period of time. The fired test pads are then compressed to half their thickness and spontaneously repelled. The amount of repulsion is measured as the percent recovery of compressed pad thickness. Compression recoverability was measured after exposure to use temperatures of 1260° C. for 24 hours and 168 hours, and 1400° C. for 24 hours and 168 hours.

Fiber Dissolution Inorganic fibers are either non-durable in physiological fluids or not in vivo. "Non-durable" or "not in vivo durable" in physiological fluid means that at least a part of the inorganic fibers is not present in the fluid such as simulated lung fluid during the in vitro test described below. It means to dissolve or decompose.
The in vivo durability test measures the rate at which mass is lost from fibers (ng/cm ² -hour) under conditions that simulate the temperature and chemical conditions found in human lungs. In particular, the fibers show low in vivo durability in simulated lung fluid at a pH of about 7.4.
To measure the dissolution rate of fiber in simulated lung fluid, approximately 0.1 g of fiber is placed in a 50 ml centrifuge tube containing simulated lung fluid warmed to 37°C. It is then placed in a shaking incubator for 6 hours and agitated at 100 cycles/minute. At the end of the test, the tube is centrifuged and the solution is poured into a 60 ml syringe. The solution is then passed through a 0.45 μm filter to remove any particulates and tested for glass components using inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy. This test can be performed using either near neutral pH solutions or acidic solutions. Although there is no specific dissolution rate criterion, fibers with dissolution values above 100 ng/cm ² -hour are considered to represent fibers that are not durable in vivo.

Table I shows the fiber melt chemistries for various comparative fiber samples and inventive fiber samples.

Table II shows the median fiber diameter for the fibers of Table I, as well as the thickness (inches) and density (pcf) of blankets prepared from the fibers.

Table III shows the results for fiber shrinkage after exposure to 1260°C and 1400°C for 24 hours.

Table III provides magnesium silicate inorganic fiber compositions that include a synergistic combination of calcium oxide and lithium oxide as constituents of the fibrous material, and magnesium silicate inorganic fibers without the intended addition of calcium oxide and lithium oxide. It shows lower linear shrinkage at both 1260° C. and 1400° C. when compared to.
Table IV shows compression recovery and solubility results for the fibers of Table I after exposure to 1260°C and 1400°C for 24 hours.

Table IV shows that magnesium silicate inorganic fiber compositions that include a synergistic combination of calcium oxide and lithium oxide, which are intended as constituents of the fibrous material, have the intended addition of calcium oxide and lithium oxide. It is shown to provide improved compression recovery at both 1260° C. and 1400° C. when compared to magnesium inorganic fiber. Magnesium silicate inorganic fiber compositions that include a synergistic combination of calcium oxide and lithium oxide as constituents of the fibrous material exhibit an average compression recovery of at least 50% after exposure to 1260° C. for 24 hours. Magnesium silicate inorganic fiber compositions that include a synergistic combination of calcium oxide and lithium oxide as constituents of the fibrous material exhibit an average compression recovery of at least 10% after exposure to 1400°C for 24 hours.

Table V shows the compressive strength results for the fibers of Table I after exposure to 1260°C and 1400°C for 24 hours.

Although inorganic fibers, insulation, methods of preparing inorganic fibers, and methods of insulating articles using insulation have been described with various embodiments, other similar embodiments may be used to perform the same function. It should be understood that modifications may be made or additions may be made to the described embodiments. Further, the various exemplary embodiments can be combined to produce desired results. Therefore, the inorganic fibers, insulation, methods of preparing the inorganic fibers, and methods of insulating articles using the insulation are not limited to any single embodiment, but rather are described in the appended claims. Should be construed in width and range in accordance with the details of. It is to be understood that the embodiments described herein are merely exemplary and that one skilled in the art may make variations and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. All such variations and modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the invention described above. Moreover, not all disclosed embodiments are necessarily alternative, and various embodiments of the invention may be combined to provide a desired result.
Another aspect of the present invention may be as follows.
[1] An inorganic fiber containing a fibrous material of silica, about 5 mass% or more of magnesia, about 1 mass% or more of calcia, and at least one kind of alkali metal oxide. An inorganic fiber showing a shrinkage rate of 5% or less after being exposed for a time.
[2] Includes fibrous materials of about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 5 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, about 1 weight percent or more calcia, and more than 0 up to about 2 weight percent lithia. The inorganic fiber according to the above [1].
[3] Includes fibrous materials of about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 5 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, about 1 weight percent or more calcia, and more than 0 up to about 1 weight percent lithia. The inorganic fiber according to the above [1].
[4] Includes fibrates of about 70 to about 85 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, about 1 weight percent or more calcia, and more than 0 up to about 5 weight percent lithia. The inorganic fiber according to the above [1].
[5] Includes fibrates of about 70 to about 85 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, about 1 weight percent or more calcia, and more than 0 up to about 1 weight percent lithia. The inorganic fiber according to the above [1].
[6] About 70 to about 85 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, about 1 weight percent or more calcia, more than 0 up to about 2 weight percent Lithia, and more than 0 about. The inorganic fiber according to [1] above, which contains up to 3% by mass of fibrous material with alumina.
[7] A fibrous material of about 75 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 12 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, about 1 to about 3 weight percent calcia, and more than 0 up to about 2 weight percent lithia. The inorganic fiber according to the above [1], which comprises:
[8] A fibrous material of about 75 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 12 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, about 1 to about 3 weight percent calcia, and more than 0 up to about 1 weight percent lithia. The inorganic fiber according to the above [7], which comprises:
[9] about 75 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 12 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, about 1 to about 3 weight percent calcia, and more than 0 up to about 0.75 weight percent lithia. The inorganic fiber according to the above [7], which comprises a fibrous material.
[10] about 75 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 12 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, about 1 to about 3 weight percent calcia, and more than 0 up to about 0.5 weight percent lithia. The inorganic fiber according to the above [7], which comprises a fibrous material.
[11] About 75 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 12 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, about 1 to about 3 weight percent calcia, more than 0 up to about 1 weight percent Lithia, and more than 0. The inorganic fiber according to the above [7], which contains a fiberized material with alumina up to about 3 mass%.
[12] Includes about 75 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 5 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, more than 3 weight percent calcia, and more than 0 up to about 2 weight percent lithia fibrates. The inorganic fiber according to the above [1].
[13] Includes about 75 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 5 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, more than 3 weight percent calcia, and greater than 0 up to about 1 weight percent lithia fibrates. The inorganic fiber according to [12] above.
[14] Fibrous material of about 75 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 5 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, more than 3 weight percent calcia, and more than 0 up to about 0.75 weight percent lithia. The inorganic fiber according to the above [12], which comprises:
[15] A fibrous material of about 75 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 5 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, more than 3 weight percent calcia, and more than 0 up to about 0.5 weight percent lithia. The inorganic fiber according to the above [12], which comprises:
[16] about 75 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 5 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, more than 3 weight percent calcia, more than 0 up to about 1 weight percent lithia, and more than 0 about. The inorganic fiber according to [12] above, which contains up to 3% by mass of fibrous material with alumina.
[17] A fibrous material of about 75 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 5 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, about 3 to about 6 weight percent calcia, and more than 0 up to about 2 weight percent lithia. The inorganic fiber according to the above [12], which comprises:
[18] Bulk fibers, blankets, blocks, boards, caulking compositions, cement compositions, coatings, felts, mats, moldable compositions, modules, papers, pumpable compositions, putty compositions, sheets An inorganic fiber-containing article, comprising at least one of a tamping mixture, a tamping mixture, a vacuum casting model, a vacuum casting mold, or a woven fabric, a blade, a cloth, a fabric, a rope, a tape, a sleeving, and a core, 1] to [17], an article comprising a plurality of inorganic fibers containing the fibrous material.

Claims (25)

Inorganic containing fibrous material of silica, magnesia of about 5 mass% or more, calcia of 1.1 to 5 mass%, alumina of more than 0 up to about 5 mass% and at least one alkali metal oxide. An inorganic fiber that exhibits a shrinkage of 5% or less after being exposed to a temperature of 1400°C for 24 hours. The inorganic fiber according to claim 1, which exhibits a shrinkage of 4% or less after being exposed to a temperature of 1260° C. for 24 hours. A fibrous product of about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 5 to about 33 weight percent magnesia, 1.1 to 5 weight percent calcia, and at least one alkali metal oxide. The inorganic fiber according to 1. About 70 to about 85 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, 1.1 to 5 weight percent calcia, and more than 0 up to about 2 weight percent of at least one alkali metal oxide. The inorganic fiber according to claim 1, which comprises a fibrous substance of About 70 to about 85 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, 1.1 to 5 weight percent calcia, and more than 0 up to about 1 weight percent of at least one alkali metal oxide. The inorganic fiber according to claim 1, which comprises a fibrous substance of About 70 to about 85 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, 1.1 to 5 weight percent calcia, and more than 0 up to about 5 weight percent of at least one alkali metal oxide. 2. The inorganic fiber of claim 1, comprising a fibrous material of greater than 0 and up to about 3 weight percent alumina. Fe ₂ O ₃ The inorganic fiber of claim 1, comprising 1 percent by weight or less of iron oxide, measured as Bulk fibers, blankets, blocks, boards, caulking compositions, cement compositions, coatings, felts, mats, moldable compositions, modules, papers, pumpable compositions, putty compositions, sheets, tamping mixtures. An inorganic fiber containing article comprising at least one of: a vacuum cast molding, a vacuum casting mold, a vacuum casting mold, or a fabric, blade, cloth, fabric, rope, tape, sleeving, core. An inorganic fiber-containing article, which comprises a plurality of inorganic fibers including the fibrous substance of. About 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 5 to about 33 weight percent magnesia, 1.1 to 5 weight percent calcia, and more than 0 up to about 5 weight percent of at least one alkali metal oxide. The inorganic fiber according to claim 1, which comprises a fibrous substance of The inorganic fiber of claim 9, wherein the at least one alkali metal oxide comprises lithia. About 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 5 to about 33 weight percent magnesia, 1.1 to 5 weight percent calcia, and more than 0 up to about 2 weight percent at least one alkali metal oxide. The inorganic fiber according to claim 10, which comprises a fibrous substance of About 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 5 to about 33 weight percent magnesia, 1.1 to 5 weight percent calcia, and more than 0 up to about 1 weight percent of at least one alkali metal oxide. The inorganic fiber according to claim 10, which comprises a fibrous substance of About 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 5 to about 33 weight percent magnesia, 1.1 to 5 weight percent calcia, and more than 0 up to about 5 weight percent of at least one alkali metal oxide. 11. The inorganic fiber of claim 10, including a fiberization of greater than 0 and up to about 4 weight percent alumina. About 75 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 12 to about 23 weight percent magnesia, 1.1 to about 3 weight percent calcia, and at least one and up to about 2 weight percent at least one alkali metal oxidation. The inorganic fiber according to claim 1, which comprises a fibrous substance with an object . 15. The inorganic fiber of claim 14, wherein the at least one alkali metal oxide comprises lithia. About 75 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 12 to about 23 weight percent magnesia, 1.1 to about 3 weight percent calcia, and at least 1 and up to about 1 weight percent of at least one alkali metal oxide. The inorganic fiber according to claim 15, which comprises a fibrous substance with an object. About 75 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 12 to about 23 weight percent magnesia, 1.1 to about 3 weight percent calcia, and at least one and more than 0 up to about 0.75 weight percent alkali. The inorganic fiber according to claim 15, comprising a fibrous material with a metal oxide. About 75 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 12 to about 23 weight percent magnesia, 1.1 to about 3 weight percent calcia, and at least one and more than 0 up to about 0.5 weight percent alkali. The inorganic fiber according to claim 15, comprising a fibrous material with a metal oxide. About 75 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 12 to about 23 weight percent magnesia, 1.1 to about 3 weight percent calcia, and at least 1 and up to about 1 weight percent of at least one alkali metal oxide. 16. The inorganic fiber of claim 15, comprising a fibrous material of a material and greater than 0 up to about 3 weight percent alumina. About 75 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 5 to about 20 weight percent magnesia, more than 3 weight percent up to 5 weight percent calcia, and more than 0 up to about 2 weight percent at least one alkali metal. The inorganic fiber according to claim 1, comprising a fibrous material with an oxide . 21. The inorganic fiber of claim 20, wherein the at least one alkali metal oxide comprises lithia. About 75 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 5 to about 20 weight percent magnesia, more than 3 weight percent up to 5 weight percent calcia, and more than 0 up to about 1 weight percent at least one alkali metal. The inorganic fiber according to claim 21, which comprises a fibrous substance with an oxide. About 75 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 5 to about 20 weight percent magnesia, more than 3 weight percent up to 5 weight percent calcia, and more than 0 up to about 0.75 weight percent of at least one. The inorganic fiber according to claim 21, comprising a fibrous material with an alkali metal oxide. About 75 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 5 to about 20 weight percent magnesia, more than 3 weight percent up to 5 weight percent calcia, and more than 0 up to about 0.5 weight percent at least one. The inorganic fiber according to claim 21, comprising a fibrous material with an alkali metal oxide. About 75 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 5 to about 20 weight percent magnesia, more than 3 weight percent up to 5 weight percent calcia, and more than 0 up to about 1 weight percent at least one alkali metal. 22. The inorganic fiber of claim 21, comprising fibrates of oxide and greater than 0 up to about 3 weight percent alumina.