JP6704561B2 - Decorative body, decorative body manufacturing apparatus, and decorative body manufacturing method - Google Patents

Description

The present invention is decorative body and to decorative body manufacturing apparatus and ornamental body manufacturing method for manufacturing the decorative body.

Conventionally, as in the inventions described in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2, by stacking a plurality of plates or papers of different colors and removing a part of the stack, the internal colored layer is exposed in the cross section. There is known a molding method and a molded object of making it appear.

JP-A-10-123933 JP, 2005-179844, A

In the molding material and the ornamental article described in the above-mentioned patent documents, although the color different from the surface appears in the exposed portions of the surfaces that are not parallel to the surface, the visual characteristics are isotropic. That is, even if the observer changes the position of the viewpoint or the angle relative to the molding material or the ornament, only the parts that are hidden or shown are different, and there is no change in the characteristics of the object as a whole. That is, the above-mentioned patent documents do not disclose a technique and a technical idea in which the modeled article has a different aspect depending on the viewpoint.

The present invention is different from the inventions described in each of the above patent documents, a molded article, a molded article exhibitor, a molded article lighting facility, which shows various visual states, a molded article manufacturing apparatus for manufacturing the molded article, and a molded article manufacturing. The challenge is to provide a method.

One aspect of the present invention is to provide a plurality of groove portions, a first surface where at least some of the groove portions do not overlap with each other and are observable including both ends thereof, and at least the first surface. A second surface facing a part, a plurality of portions sandwiched by a plurality of groove portions adjacent to each other of the plurality of groove portions, each of the plurality of groove portions and each of the plurality of groove portions. And a plurality of side surfaces that are in contact with each other, and in at least a part of the decorative body having at least a part of the plurality of groove portions, at least a part of the first surface and the second surface. At least a part of each of the plurality of groove portions is parallel to each other, and at least a part of the first surface and at least a part of the second surface are parallel to each other. At least a portion is parallel to each other, at least a portion of the widthwise centers of at least a portion of the plurality of groove portions that are parallel to each other is constant, at least a portion of the decorative body the distance is constant, When the refractive index of the portion other than the plurality of groove portions is n, any groove portion of at least a part of the plurality of groove portions, the portion adjacent to the arbitrary groove portion, the arbitrary groove portion in the portion between The first side face that is in contact with the second side face that faces the first side face with the portion interposed therebetween, the depth of the arbitrary groove is at least one of the first surfaces of the second side face. Perpendicular to at least a portion of the first surface through a first point in the portion closest to the part, a second point closest to the first point on the first side and the first point A straight line including a normal or a normal line drawn from at least a third point closest to at least a part of the second surface on a line of intersection between the flat surface and the first side surface to at least a part of the first surface. And at least a part of the decorative body in which the depth of the arbitrary groove is greater than cot[arcsin(1/n)] times the shortest distance, The minimum width of the portion between the plurality is at least the maximum width of at least a portion of the plurality of groove portions, in the at least a portion of the decorative body, the minimum width is greater than or equal to the maximum width, At least a part of the first surface and at least a part of the second surface are observable from each other through one side to the other side and one and the plurality of parts. Is.
In addition, a plurality of groove portions, a first surface where at least some of the plurality of groove portions do not overlap each other and are observable including both ends thereof, and a first surface which faces at least a portion of the first surface 2, a plurality of portions of the plurality of groove portions sandwiched between the plurality of groove portions adjacent to each other, and a plurality of side surfaces contacting each of the plurality of groove portions and each of the plurality of groove portions. And in at least a part of the decorative body having at least a part of the plurality of groove portions, at least a part of the first surface and at least a part of the second surface are In at least a part of the ornamental body that is parallel to each other and at least a part of the first surface and at least a part of the second surface are parallel to each other, at least a part of the plurality of groove portions is parallel to each other. The distance between the centers in the width direction of at least a part of the plurality of groove portions that are parallel to each other is constant, and at least a part of the decorative body in which the distance is constant, the groove portion deep interval ratio is the minimum. At least a portion of the decorative body that is larger than the groove portion deep interval ratio and the groove portion deep interval ratio is larger than the minimum groove portion deep interval ratio, the minimum width of the portion between the plurality is the maximum of at least a part of the plurality of groove portions At least a portion of the first surface and at least a portion of the second surface having a minimum width that is equal to or greater than the maximum width, and one and the other from one side to the other. The ornamental body is characterized in that it can be seen through each other through a portion between.

At least a part of the plurality of grooves is wedge-shaped in at least a part of the ornamental body in which at least a part of the first surface and at least a part of the second surface are observable with each other, and The side having a smaller angle formed by the side surfaces on both sides of each of the plurality of wedge-shaped grooves may be greater than 0° and 10° or less, and at least one of at least a part of the first surface or at least a part of the second surface. May be flat.

In at least a part of the decorative body in which at least a part of the first surface and at least a part of the second surface are observable with each other, the entire of each of at least a part of the plurality of groove portions is the decoration. It may not be exposed on the surface of the body, and at least a part of the plurality of groove portions may be perpendicular to at least one of at least a part of the first surface or at least a part of the second surface.

In at least a part of the decorative body in which at least a part of the first surface and at least a part of the second surface are observable with each other, a part of the plurality of grooves is at least a surface of the decorative body. You may expose it to a part.

In at least a part of the ornament in which at least a part of the first surface and at least a part of the second surface are observable from each other, the minimum width of the part between the plurality of grooves is the plurality of groove parts. 5 times or more of the maximum width of at least a part of the above, and at least a part of at least one of an image, a character, a logo, a figure, a pattern, and a sectional view may be displayed by at least a part of the plurality of groove portions. ..

Another aspect of the present invention is an image acquisition unit for acquiring an image, a material is processed based on the image, and a plurality of groove portions and at least a part of the plurality of groove portions do not overlap each other and both ends thereof are Between a first surface observable inclusive, a second surface facing at least a part of the first surface, and a plurality of grooves sandwiched by a plurality of groove portions adjacent to each other among the plurality of groove portions. A decorative body having a portion and a plurality of side surfaces in which each of the plurality of portions is in contact with each of the plurality of groove portions, wherein at least one of the decorative body having at least a part of the plurality of groove portions. Part, at least a part of the first surface and at least a part of the second surface are parallel to each other, and at least a part of the first surface and at least a part of the second surface are In at least a part of the ornaments that are parallel to each other, at least a part of the plurality of groove portions are parallel to each other, and a distance between centers in the width direction of at least a part of the plurality of groove portions that are parallel to each other is constant. And, in at least a part of the decorative body with the constant spacing, when the refractive index of a portion other than the plurality of groove portions is n, any groove portion of the at least a portion of the plurality of groove portions Regarding the portion between the portions adjacent to the groove portion, the first side surface where the arbitrary groove portion is in contact with the portion between the second side surface facing the first side surface with the portion between the first surface and the second side surface facing each other, A first point within the portion whose depth is closest to at least a portion of the first surface on the second side, a second point closest to the first point on the first side, and From a third point closest to at least a part of the second surface on a line of intersection of the first side surface and a plane that passes through the first point and is perpendicular to at least a part of the first surface, 1 is greater than cot[arcsin(1/n)] times the shortest distance from a straight line including a normal or a normal line drawn on at least a part of the surface of 1, and the depth of the arbitrary groove is cot[arcsin of the shortest distance. (1/n)] times at least, the minimum width of the portion between the plurality is equal to or larger than the maximum width of at least a portion of the plurality of groove portions, and the minimum width is At least a part of the first surface and at least a part of the second surface in at least a part of the decorative body having a width equal to or larger than the maximum width, from one side to the other, between the one and the plurality. And a processing part for manufacturing a decorative body, which is characterized in that it can be seen through each other. It is an object manufacturing apparatus characterized by comprising.

Another aspect of the present invention is an image acquisition step of acquiring an image, a material is processed based on the image, a plurality of groove portions and at least a part of the plurality of groove portions do not overlap each other and both ends thereof are Between a first surface observable inclusive, a second surface facing at least a part of the first surface, and a plurality of grooves sandwiched by a plurality of groove portions adjacent to each other among the plurality of groove portions. A decorative body having a portion and a plurality of side surfaces in which each of the plurality of portions is in contact with each of the plurality of groove portions, wherein at least one of the decorative body having at least a part of the plurality of groove portions. Part, at least a part of the first surface and at least a part of the second surface are parallel to each other, and at least a part of the first surface and at least a part of the second surface are In at least a part of the ornaments that are parallel to each other, at least a part of the plurality of groove portions are parallel to each other, and a distance between centers in the width direction of at least a part of the plurality of groove portions that are parallel to each other is constant. And, in at least a part of the decorative body with the constant spacing, when the refractive index of a portion other than the plurality of groove portions is n, any groove portion of the at least a portion of the plurality of groove portions Regarding the portion between the portions adjacent to the groove portion, the first side surface where the arbitrary groove portion is in contact with the portion between the second side surface facing the first side surface with the portion between the first surface and the second side surface facing each other, A first point within the portion whose depth is closest to at least a portion of the first surface on the second side, a second point closest to the first point on the first side, and From a third point closest to at least a part of the second surface on a line of intersection of the first side surface and a plane that passes through the first point and is perpendicular to at least a part of the first surface, 1 is greater than cot[arcsin(1/n)] times the shortest distance from a straight line including a normal or a normal line drawn on at least a part of the surface of 1, and the depth of the arbitrary groove is cot[arcsin of the shortest distance. (1/n)] times at least, the minimum width of the portion between the plurality is equal to or larger than the maximum width of at least a portion of the plurality of groove portions, and the minimum width is At least a part of the first surface and at least a part of the second surface in at least a part of the decorative body having a width equal to or larger than the maximum width, from one side to the other, between the one and the plurality. For manufacturing a decorative body characterized by being able to see through each other A method for manufacturing a shaped article, comprising:

The modeled object according to the present invention has an effect (hereinafter referred to as an anisotropic visual effect) in which the modeled object looks different when the observer changes the direction in which the modeled object is observed or when other conditions change. However, by changing the direction in which the observer sees the modeled object, the direction of the light that strikes the modeled object, and the like, various appearances are exhibited.

It is a figure which shows the structure of the molded article manufacturing apparatus. It is a flowchart of the manufacturing method of a molded article. It is a figure which shows the example of the image which the image acquisition part acquired and the image which the image processing part changed. It is sectional drawing of the groove part of a molded article. It is sectional drawing which shows the relationship between the groove part of a molded article, and a line of sight. It is a side view which shows the relationship between the whole molded article and a line of sight. It is sectional drawing which shows the site|part which concerns on a groove part deep space ratio and a groove part width space ratio. It is an isometric view which shows the site|part which concerns on a groove part narrowing rate. It is an isometric view which shows the relationship of the direction of the line of sight which looks at a modeled object, and a visible part. It is sectional drawing which shows the relationship between the refraction|bending and reflection of the light in a molded article, and the angle of a groove part. It is another isometric view which shows the relationship of the direction of the line of sight which sees a modeled object, and a visible part. It is a figure which shows the image which consists of parallel lines of a some direction. It is a figure which shows two methods which arrange the parallel lines of a different direction in several partial area|regions in an image. It is an isometric view which shows the modeling thing which consists of a plurality of colors. It is a figure which shows the image where the phase of the parallel line differs for every partial area. It is a front view which shows the groove part which consists of a plurality of colors. It is a top view which shows the relationship between the light from a molded article illumination equipment, and the observer who moves. It is a side view which shows the relationship of the incident light and outgoing light of a molded article illumination equipment. It is sectional drawing of another groove part of a molded article. It is an isometric view which shows the modeling thing with a wide bottom part based on 2nd Embodiment. It is an isometric view which shows the display which concerns on 4th Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the structure of a display manufacturing apparatus. It is a flowchart of a display manufacturing method.

[First Embodiment]
<<Structure and operation of model manufacturing apparatus>>
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of a molded article manufacturing apparatus 10 of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a flowchart of the method for manufacturing a modeled article. Hereinafter, the configuration and operation of the molded article manufacturing apparatus 10 will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. The molded article manufacturing apparatus 10 includes an image acquisition unit 11, an image processing unit 12, a material acquisition unit 13, a processing unit 14, and a finishing unit 15. Further, the method for manufacturing a modeled object includes an image acquisition step S11, an image processing step S12, a material acquisition step S13, a processing step S14, and a finishing step S15.

The image acquisition unit 11 acquires or generates the image 1 that is data of a planar pattern used for processing (S11). The image acquisition unit 11 has, for example, a well-known computer, may read and use the data stored in the storage medium, may acquire the data from the outside each time the processing is performed, and separately acquire the data based on the acquired data. Data may be generated, data may be newly generated by calculation or the like, data may be received by a camera, a scanner, or the like, or they may be combined. The image 1 may be a simple parallel line, a lattice pattern, or a geometric pattern, and may be an imaged character or logo as shown in FIG. 3a, a photographic image/illustration/CG, various figures/maps/patterns, etc. It may be three-dimensional image data or may be described by a mathematical formula or the like. The model manufacturing apparatus 10 can also perform analog process processing. In that case, the image 1 also includes an analog image signal and a physical medium such as film or paper baking, and the image acquisition unit 11 can handle them.

The image processing unit 12 can appropriately change the image 1 sent from the image acquisition unit 11 by a computer or the like (S12). For example, the image processing unit 12 converts the image 1 from a raster image into a vector image, converts the image into a format suitable for processing, and scales the size of the image 1. The image processing unit 12 can divide the image 1 into a plurality of partial areas by extracting the contours included in the image 1 or the like, and different lines may be arranged in each partial area. The image processing unit 12 may convert the image 1 shown in FIG. 3a into a parallel line image having a pitch suitable for various processing methods, for example, as shown in FIGS. 3b and 3c. May be acquired in the state of a line image. The image processing unit 12 converts the image 1 into an image formed by a plurality of dots such as halftone dots as shown in FIG. 3d, an image formed by gathering lines in a plurality of directions as shown in FIGS. 3e and f, and a line drawing formed by free lines. May be. Further, the image processing unit 12 does not have to arrange a line or the like in a part of the partial area as in FIG. Then, the image processing unit 12 transfers the image 1 optimized for processing to the processing unit 14. In this specification, the image acquired by the image acquisition unit 11 and the image modified by the image processing unit 12 are not distinguished and are uniformly treated as the image 1.

In the present specification, a parallel line image is an image in which a plurality of lines having lengths with directions are arranged substantially parallel to each other on a plane. The line may have a width orthogonal to the length direction. The direction orthogonal to the length direction is the width direction. Widths and width directions also apply between lines. The color between the lines may be different from that of the lines. A plurality of lines may be arranged in a unit section of several mm, several cm, or several inches in the width direction of the line, and the unit section may be repeated a plurality of times. In that case, the minimum number of lines is four. The pitch of the plurality of lines may be constant. The line is not limited to a straight line, and may be a wavy line, a curved line, a parallel curve, a concentric circle, a spiral line, a discontinuous dotted line/dashed line, a radial line as shown in FIG. Includes contour lines of figures. If the line is a wavy line and the individual parts in which the direction of the line changes continuously converge in a certain direction as a whole, the certain direction is defined as the wavy line direction. If the lines are radial, in order to obtain a uniform anisotropic visual effect, the width of one line and the degree of change in the spacing between the lines are limited, so that the lines are approximated to parallel lines. Better to have. For example, it is preferable that the ratio between the narrowest part and the widest part is 1:4 or less or 1:2 or less, or the angle between the lines at both ends is 30° or less or 15° or less. The various lines described above may be freely combined. In addition, the line may be a single line, for example, a spiral line is a single line.

The material acquisition unit 13 externally acquires or manufactures the material 2 to be processed (S13). Hereinafter, in the present specification, description will be made focusing on the transparent resin material 2 such as ABS/EP/FRP/PC/PCL/PET/PLA/PMMA/PVC, but other materials such as metal Solid materials such as wood, paper, various fibers, glass, ceramics, carbon materials, etc., and liquid materials that solidify, as well as materials 2 having a plurality of colors, which are manufactured by the material acquisition unit 13 by stacking based on these Can be adopted.

Although the three-dimensional object provided by the present invention may be a three-dimensional object or the surface may be a curved surface, in the present specification, for the sake of convenience of description, description will be made on the premise of manufacturing a planar plate-shaped object. Further, the shape of the surface of the modeled object provided by the present invention is various. The surface may be smooth. When the molded article has irregularities, the surface may refer to the flat surface of the tip of the convex portion, or may refer to a virtual plane or a set or curved surface of the plural convex portions.

The processing unit 14 is one of materials such as mechanical processing, electrical processing, chemical processing, abrasive grain spraying processing, optical processing, fusing, water jet cutting, adhesion, welding, 3D printing, printing, injection molding and multicolor molding. One or more of a variety of material processing, such as removal or destruction of parts or formation from material, can be used. Based on the image 1, the processing unit 14 processes the material 2 sent from the material acquisition unit 13 into a groove G having a cross section as shown in FIG. The groove G is a fine groove having a width of 0.4 mm and a depth of 8 mm engraved on a transparent plate having a thickness of 10 mm, for example, which may penetrate the plate, is processed from the back side, and is observed from the opposite side of the opening. May be.
The width w of the groove portion G is the length in the direction orthogonal to the length direction of the groove and parallel to the surface, like the width in the image 1, and the thickness is different in each portion of the groove portion G as shown in FIGS. 4a, 4b, and 4c. In the case, it is the width of the widest part. The shoulder portion of the opening of the groove portion G may be rounded and not a corner as shown in FIG. 4a, but the width w has a virtual width where the surface portion S and the groove side face F intersect as shown in FIGS. 4b and 4c. Measured relative to position. The depth of the groove portion G is the depth in the direction orthogonal to the surface portion S. If the processed portion 14 is processed perpendicularly to the surface portion S, the angle formed by the surface portion S and the groove portion G will be approximately 90°. The groove side faces F on both sides of the groove part G may be parallel as shown in FIG. 4d, but depending on the processing method, the groove side faces F on both sides may be inclined and the groove part G may be tapered. For example, injection molding requires a draft. Particularly in the case of a groove G having a fine and large depth, a wedge shape as shown in FIGS. 4a, 4b, and 4c can be processed easily with high productivity and with good finish. In the present specification, the angle of the dihedral angle formed by the groove side surfaces F on both sides is referred to as the groove wedge angle θG. In the wedge-shaped groove portion G, 0<θG≦10 is preferable, 0.5≦θG≦7 is more preferable, and 1≦θG≦5 is further preferable. Further, when the tip of the wedge-shaped groove portion G is closely observed, it is not a perfect dihedral shape as shown in FIG. 4a, but a curved surface as shown in FIG. 4b or unevenness as shown in FIG. 4c changes in the groove direction. It tends to have a messy shape. The width we of the tip portion of the wedge-shaped groove portion G is so small that it can be ignored. Note that in the case of FIG. 4b, we is the diameter of a circle that approximates the curve of the tip of the groove G cross section. The sharper the groove portion G, the more difficult it is to process the tip portion into a dihedral shape, and the wider the angle of the wedge, the smaller the width of the tip portion compared to the width thereof. It varies depending on the wedge angle θG. In the present specification, we/w is described as a groove wedge ratio. In the wedge-shaped groove portion G, the groove portion wedge ratio is preferably 0 to 1/(3+θG), 0 to 1/8 when θG is 5°, and 0 to 1/10 when 7°. In such a wedge-shaped groove portion G, a surface that bisects the dihedral angle formed by the groove side surfaces F on both sides is perpendicular to the surface portion S in this case. Described as orthogonal. The processing unit 14 may make this angle other than vertical.

As shown in FIG. 4a, the processed portion 14 may color the groove side face F with a groove color CG with a paint or the like, and further, as shown in FIG. Good. In this specification, the color of the modeled object includes visual characteristics such as hue, brightness, saturation, transmittance, and gloss, and colorless and transparent is one of the colors. The processed part 14 can selectively color only a part of the modeled article 3 by wiping off the paint or the like on the surface S after coloring, polishing the surface to remove the paint or the like, or hiding a part during coloring. it can. The processed portion 14 may be paint or the like as the filling portion Fi as shown in FIG. 4C, or both the groove side face F and the filling portion Fi may be colored. If the colored filling portion Fi is transparent, the lightness of the groove color CG changes due to the difference in the thickness of each portion of the groove G. Even when only the groove side face F is colored as shown in FIG. 4a, the color tone of the groove part color CG tends to be the same in the upper part near the opening of the groove part G and the lower part in the inner part due to the difference in paint thickness and the like. However, the brightness may be different. When a plurality of groove portions are arranged as will be described later, when viewed from an oblique direction, the lightness of the groove portion color CG is different in each portion of the same groove portion G having different depth directions, so that a plurality of unique groove portions G wavy. The effect is obtained. In the Munsell color system, the difference in lightness is preferably from 2 to 10, more preferably from 3 to 10, even more preferably from 4 to 10. This effect cannot be obtained by abrupt switching of the groove color CG, but can be obtained by gradually shifting to a gradation in the groove G. It is most preferable that the plurality of groove colors CG change in the depth direction of the groove portion G or in the depth direction along the surface of the groove side face F, but it is possible to obtain a similar effect by changing the depth direction up to 1/2. can get. That is, a plurality of colors may continuously change in a range from ½ of the depth of the groove G to the entire depth. Also, if the groove portions G have completely different hues, specifically, the groove portion colors CG having hues separated by 25 to 50 steps on the near side in the Munsell hue circle are mixed, it is as if a plurality of groove layers overlap. Has a different kind of effect. For the color measurement, for example, a spectrocolorimeter such as CM-5 manufactured by Konica Minolta Co., Ltd. or a color difference meter such as CR-5 is used, but when the measurement is difficult due to a narrow colorimetric range or the like, Visual comparison may be used in combination. The same applies to other descriptions of the present specification in which color is quantified. The groove side surface F and the bottom surface portion B may have the same color or color tone, or the portion of the groove portion G excluding the opening may have the same color or color tone, or may have different colors. The groove side surface F, the bottom surface portion B, and the filling portion Fi are a part of the groove portion G.
As shown in FIG. 4d, the processed portion 14 may overlap the exposed portion of the filling portion Fi with a filling exposed portion color CFi different from the groove portion color CG to make the groove portion G inconspicuous. The filled exposed portion color CFi is preferably gray with low saturation, or a complementary color system of the groove portion color CG when the groove portion color CG or the like is transparent. In the latter case, for example, from the front side, it is mixed with the groove portion color CG. As a result, the groove G looks almost gray. The groove portion color CG may be mirror-like, or the groove portion G may be illuminated by a filling portion Fi of a phosphorescent paint, a plastic luminescent material, an electroluminescent material, or the like.

As shown in FIG. 5V1, when an observer looks at the modeled article 3 from the front with a sufficient distance, the groove portion G is invisible or almost invisible because of its narrow width. In addition, this figure is a conceptual diagram, and the distance between the modeled object 3 having the same scale as the groove portion G in this figure and the viewpoint is often larger. The same applies to the following drawings.
Next, as shown in FIG. 5V2, when the observer tilts the line-of-sight direction with respect to the modeled object 3 and obliquely views it, the groove side face F of the groove part G becomes visible. As a result, the color looks different from that when viewed from the front.
As shown in FIG. 5V3, when the observer tilts the line-of-sight direction with respect to the modeled object 3 and looks at it from an angle close to the side, the groove side face F looks wider, and the tint further changes. In this way, the appearance of the groove portion G differs depending on the line-of-sight direction, so that the hue of the modeled article 3 changes completely. This is an anisotropic coloring effect, which is one of the anisotropic visual effects aimed at by the present invention.

When the image 1 has a parallel line shape as shown in FIG. 3b, a number of parallel to each other (more accurately, two surfaces formed by the groove side surfaces F on both sides of the object 3 processed by the processing unit 14 based on the parallel line shape). A groove G is formed in which the surfaces that divide the corner into two are parallel to each other. In such a modeled object 3, when the observer's viewpoint is at a position as shown in FIG. 5V3, the transparent part may not be visible, and the one-sided groove color CG may appear. By arranging a large number of such groove portions G, the modeled object 3 viewed obliquely by the observer is not a mere stripe pattern of the groove portion color CG, but appears as a surface of a group of colors that creates a unique hallucination.

When the modeled object 3 has a planar plate shape, the line of sight is perpendicular to the surface portion S even when the observer at the viewpoint V4 looks at the modeled object 3 from the front as shown in FIG. 6a. It is only for one point, and the inclination of the line of sight becomes larger as it goes farther. That is, when the center of the modeled object 3 is viewed from the front, the groove side face F can be seen as it approaches the outer periphery of the modeled object 3. This can be ignored if the distance between the modeled object and the eye is large, but it will be noticeable if they are close to each other. Then, in combination with the effect described in the preceding paragraph, a complicated color tone appears in each part of the molded article 3. For example, a part relatively close to the center of the modeled object 3 looks almost transparent, a part of it looks transparent to the groove color CG, and a space between them looks transparent, and only the groove color CG is visible on the outer side, and the front and rear on the outer side. The side surfaces F of the groove are seen to overlap with each other, and a dark portion and a thin portion of the groove color CG are seen alternately, and the appearance changes depending on the position. In addition, when the observer moves the viewpoint V4 or tilts the modeled object 3, the center of such anisotropic coloring moves to another part of the modeled object 3, and the difference is centered on that point. The relationship of isotropic coloring appears. In this way, the color of each part changes subtly, so that the modeled object 3 exhibits a unique visual effect.

The processed portion 14 can change the angle formed by the groove side surface F with the surface portion S in each portion of the modeled article 3. For example, the processing section 14 uses a processing machine to which a galvano type laser head is fixed, so that the groove G is substantially orthogonal to the surface section S at the center of the modeled object 3 as shown in FIG. The portion can be processed so as to spread radially from the surface portion S toward the back. Thereby, when the observer looks at the position V5 where the laser irradiation directions intersect at the time of processing, unlike the case of FIG. 6a, the groove side face F of the entire modeled object 3 cannot be seen. The processing unit 14 can use a 3D printer to more complicatedly change the angle formed by the groove side face F with the surface S in each part of the modeled object 3.

The finishing unit 15 polishes the surface and the like, combines with another member, performs additional coloring, protects, cleans after processing, inspects, and completes the modeled article 3 as a product (S15). The finishing unit 15 attaches or adheres a semitransparent resin plate or the like to the back surface or the front surface of the molded article 3 for the purpose of improving the diffusion of illumination light, changing the color, protecting the molded article, and the like. It can also be The resin plate may be a thin film such as a film, a sheet, or a coating film, may have various colors, may reflect light, and may not be grooved in this portion. The finishing unit 15 may be a shaped object lighting equipment 5 in which a lighting device or the like is attached to or combined with the shaped object.

The form in which the model manufacturing apparatus 10 executes the image acquisition unit 11, the image processing unit 12, the material acquisition unit 13, the processing unit 14, and the finishing unit 15 in this order has been described above, but the model manufacturing apparatus 10 executes them. The order is arbitrary, and a certain process may be performed by another process unit, a certain process may be shared by a plurality of process units, and after proceeding to a certain process unit, returning to the original process unit. Good. For example, the processing unit 14 may serve as the material acquisition unit 13 and the finishing unit 15.

<<Conditions of the embodiment of the molded article>>
The conditions for the molded article 3 to obtain an anisotropic visual effect are formulated below as groove depth interval ratio, groove width interval ratio, groove narrowing ratio, and the like.

ここで、複数の溝部Ｇが隙間なくつながって見えるためには、ｄｅｈがｄｉ−ｗ／２以上であればよく、

となり、この時のｄｅ／（ｄｉ−ｗ／２）は、

であり、ｄｅ／（ｄｉ−ｗ／２）を本明細書では溝部深間隔率と記載する。溝部深間隔率が大きいほど所期の効果が高い。ソーダガラス等の一般的なガラスの屈折率は、波長にもよるが１．５前後、樹脂の屈折率は、ＰＣで１．６、ＰＭＭＡで１．４９、ＰＶＣで１．５４前後であるから、ｎ＝１．５とし、θＶ＝４５°とすれば、数３より溝部深間隔率が１．８７０８３…以上であればよい。つまり、深さｄｅが間隔ｄｉから幅ｗの半分を減じた値の１．８７倍以上であれば、表面方向において溝側面Ｆと視線が直交する場合に、視線角度が４５°以上で、複数の溝側面Ｆが連続して見えることで、その部分の略全域が溝部色ＣＧに見える。これは、その部分の基材部Ｍがそれのみでは見えず、必ず溝部Ｇを通して見えているということでもある。さらに視線角度θＶが６０°なら、溝部深間隔率が２^１／２以上で、造形物３に対してとりうる視線角度の範囲１８０°の１／３において、当該部分の一面が溝部色ＣＧに見える。なお、ｗｅ＞０の場合には、溝部深間隔率はｄｅ／（ｄｉ−ｗ／２−ｗｅ／２）である。
また、溝部Ｇが隙間なくつながって見えるための最小の溝部深間隔率は、θＶ＝９０°の場合で、ｃｏｔ［ａｒｃｓｉｎ（１／ｎ）］である。造形物３の基材部Ｍの屈折率に応じて一意に定まるこの値を最小溝部深間隔率と記載する。ｎ＝１．５なら１．１１８０…である。ただしθＶ＝９０では実際には溝部Ｇは表面からは見えないので、ある部分が一面溝部色ＣＧに見えるためには、溝部Ｇの深さは隣接する溝部Ｇとの幅方向の中心どうしの間隔から幅ｗの半分を減じた値と最小溝部深間隔率との積より大きくなければならない。
出願時点で加工可能な造形物３における最大の溝部深間隔率は、深さｄｅが２８ｍｍ、幅ｗが０．２ｍｍ、間隔ｄｉが０．８ｍｍであるから４０であり、これが溝部深間隔率の上限である。ただし、今後の材料の改良や製造技術の向上等により、この上限値は改善される可能性がある。本発明の技術的範囲は出願時に実施可能な範囲に限定されないのであり、後述の溝部幅間隔率・溝部狭長率の下限等においても同様に変更の可能性があるか、同じ理由から各種条件の上限又は下限が明示されないことがある。
なお、図７の造形物３外の２本の一点鎖線は同一視点Ｖ６からの視線を示し、実際の視点Ｖ６は図７に示すより遠方にあるので、各溝部Ｇに向かう視線は実用上略平行である。また、溝部Ｇが表面部Ｓに直交しない場合にも、見る方向によっては、同じ溝部深間隔率が適用できる。表面部Ｓ等に反射防止のためのコーティングやフィルム等の層が加工されている場合には、その部分の屈折率が基材部Ｍとは異なるが、その層の厚さが０．２ｍｍ程度以下で無色・平滑・高透過率・低ヘーズなら光路にはほとんど影響を与えないので、無視してよい。以下の記載でも同様である。
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the groove portion G based on the parallel line image 1 and orthogonal to the groove direction. When the base material portion M, which is a portion other than the groove portion G of the molded article 3, is permeable, the deeper the groove portion G, the wider the range of viewpoints in which the groove portion color CG can be continuously seen, and the anisotropic coloring effect is improved. To do. In FIG. 7, the depth is de, it is orthogonal to the surface portion S, the distance di between the centers of the adjacent groove portions G in the width direction and the width w of the groove portion G are constant, the groove side surface F is a flat surface, and the bottom surface portion is Consider a case where the width V of B is 0, and a plurality of parallel groove portions G are observed by a viewer V6 that is separated by a sufficient distance from the direction orthogonal to the groove direction on the surface portion S. Assuming that the refractive index of the base material portion M is n and the refractive index of air is 1, an angle formed by a line of sight and a normal or normal to the surface portion S (hereinafter referred to as a line-of-sight angle), that is, an incident angle θV to the base material portion M, , The relationship with the refraction angle θr in the base material portion M is 1·sin θV=n·sin θr according to Snell's law. Therefore, the apparent depth deh of the refraction image of the groove portion G at the surface portion S is

Here, in order for the plurality of groove portions G to appear to be connected without a gap, deh should be di-w/2 or more,

And de/(di-w/2) at this time is

And de/(di-w/2) is referred to as a groove portion deep interval ratio in the present specification. The larger the groove depth interval ratio, the higher the desired effect. The refractive index of general glass such as soda glass is around 1.5 depending on the wavelength, and the refractive index of resin is 1.6 for PC, 1.49 for PMMA, and 1.54 for PVC. , N=1.5, and θV=45°, it is sufficient if the groove portion deep interval ratio is 1.70883... That is, if the depth de is 1.87 times or more of the value obtained by subtracting half of the width w from the interval di, when the line of sight F is orthogonal to the groove side face F in the surface direction, the line of sight angle is 45° or more, Since the groove side face F is continuously seen, almost the entire area of that portion looks like the groove color CG. This also means that the base material portion M at that portion cannot be seen by itself, but is always seen through the groove portion G. Furthermore, if the line-of-sight angle θV is 60°, the groove depth ratio is 2 ^1/2 or more, and in one-third of the range of line-of-sight angle 180° that can be taken with respect to the modeled object 3, one surface of the relevant part has the groove color CG. appear. In the case of we>0, the groove interval depth interval ratio is de/(di-w/2-we/2).
In addition, the minimum groove portion deep interval ratio for allowing the groove portions G to appear to be connected without any gap is cot [arcsin(1/n)] when θV=90 ° . This value, which is uniquely determined according to the refractive index of the base material M of the modeled article 3, is referred to as the minimum groove portion deep interval ratio. If n=1.5, it is 1.1180.... However, when θV=90, the groove portion G is not actually visible from the surface. Therefore, in order to make a certain portion look like the one-sided groove portion CG, the depth of the groove portion G is the distance between the centers of the adjacent groove portions G in the width direction. Must be greater than the product of the value obtained by subtracting half of the width w from the minimum groove depth spacing ratio.
The maximum groove depth interval ratio in the modeled article 3 that can be processed at the time of filing is 40 because the depth de is 28 mm, the width w is 0.2 mm, and the interval di is 0.8 mm. It is the upper limit. However, there is a possibility that this upper limit will be improved due to future improvements in materials and manufacturing technologies. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to a feasible range at the time of filing, and there is a possibility that the lower limit of the groove width ratio, the groove narrowness ratio, etc. described below may be changed in the same manner, or various conditions may be satisfied for the same reason. Upper or lower limits may not be specified.
It should be noted that the two single-dot chain lines outside the modeled object 3 in FIG. 7 show the line of sight from the same viewpoint V6, and the actual viewpoint V6 is farther than that shown in FIG. 7, so the line of sight toward each groove G is practically omitted. Parallel. Even when the groove portion G is not orthogonal to the surface portion S, the same groove portion deep interval ratio can be applied depending on the viewing direction. When a coating such as a film for preventing reflection or a layer such as a film is processed on the surface portion S or the like, the refractive index of the portion is different from that of the base material portion M, but the thickness of the layer is about 0.2 mm. In the following, colorlessness, smoothness, high transmittance, and low haze have almost no effect on the optical path and can be ignored. The same applies to the following description.

As shown in FIG. 7V6, when the observer tilts the line of sight to the modeled object 3, the groove color CG appears to be substantially filled. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 7V7, when the observer looks at the modeled object 3 from the front, the groove color CG is almost invisible. An anisotropic coloring effect is obtained by this comparison. Here, if the width w of the groove portion G is sufficiently narrower than the distance di, that portion looks almost transparent when viewed from the front by the observer, and the groove portion color CG is barely visible. Therefore, w/di is described as a groove width ratio, and the value is used as a scale for comparing when the groove color CG is the most inconspicuous and when it is more conspicuous. This width w also applies to the thickness of the groove portion color CG when there is no groove, which will be described later. Further, when the groove portion G is not orthogonal to the surface portion S, w/di can be similarly applied. By the way, finer grooves or cracks may be branched from the groove portion G like Cr in FIGS. 4A and 4B. The fine grooves Cr reflect light at an angle different from that of the groove portion and give a decorative effect. The fine groove Cr extends in a direction different from the depth direction of the groove portion G, has a length and width shorter than that of the groove portion G, specifically 1/5 or less, and the position and length of the groove are irregular. If it is at least one of them, the visual effect on the whole is smaller than that of the groove portion G, and therefore it is not included in w, de, or the like.

The groove portion width interval ratio is a scale for comparing the time when the groove portion color CG is the most inconspicuous and the time when the groove portion color CG is more noticeable. It is necessary to subtract the width of part B from w. In that case, the width of the groove side surface F, that is, the value obtained by subtracting the width of the bottom surface portion B from the width of the groove portion G is defined as wF, and wF/di is defined as the groove side surface width interval ratio. When the groove portion width interval ratio and the groove side surface width interval ratio are the same, they are collectively referred to as the groove width interval ratio. The description about the groove width interval ratio also applies to the groove side surface width interval ratio and the groove width interval ratio.

The smaller the groove width interval ratio and the groove width interval ratio, the better. When the base material M is opaque and the cross section of the groove G is isosceles trapezoidal and the width of the portion close to the bottom surface is wider than the width of the portion close to the surface, w becomes 0 or a negative value. In some cases, depending on the position of the viewpoint, the groove color CG may not be seen at all, so the anisotropic coloring effect is high. In the test by the inventor of the present application, for example, in the groove portion G orthogonal to the transparent plate having a thickness of 6 mm, the width w of the groove portion G is about 0.4 mm, the interval di is 4 mm, and the groove portion width interval ratio is about 1/10. When the inventor observed from the front, the groove color CG was not noticeable so that a good anisotropic coloring effect was obtained. In another example, the width w of the groove portion G is about 0.4 mm, the gap di is 6 mm, and the groove width interval ratio is about 1/15 on a transparent plate having a thickness of 8 mm. The result was better. Also, in a material in which a layer of orange acrylic paint is overlaid on an aluminum plate to a thickness of 0.6 mm, and a blue acrylic paint is overlaid very thinly on it, the distance di is 1.6 mm and the groove interval depth ratio is about At 1/4, orange was slightly visible from the front, and the anisotropic coloring effect was limited. The inventors of the present invention have piled up a number of such prototypes, and all of them have an anisotropic coloring effect, which is an unprecedented advantageous effect. However, the groove width interval ratio is 1/6 or less, and the desired effect is obtained. Was observed, and the difference was obvious at 1/8 or less, and it was concluded that it is more preferable at 1/10 or less. When the base material M is permeable, it is difficult to set w to 0, but since di can be expanded without limitation, the groove width interval ratio is greater than 0.

FIG. 8 shows the groove portion G included in the modeled article 3. A plane P1 that divides the dihedral angle formed by the groove side surfaces F on both sides of the groove portion G into two equal parts or is equal in distance from the parallel groove side surfaces F on both sides of the groove portion G and a plane S1 including the plane P1 and the surface portion S. In the line of intersection with the plane P2 that is orthogonal to, the line segment that is divided by the groove portion G and the plane S1 is L1, and its length is l1, and the line segment that is orthogonal to the plane P1 and that is divided into two groove side faces F The longest line segment is L2, and its length is l2. When the groove side surface F is a flat surface, the groove portion narrowing ratio has a value of 12/11. When the groove side surface F is a curved surface, it is assumed that the groove portion G having an infinitely small length in the groove direction is continuous, and the above is applied to the maximum 12 thereof.

When the groove portion G is orthogonal to the surface, when the refractive index of the base material portion M is 1.5 and the line-of-sight angle is 45°, the groove portion narrowing ratio has a depth of 4 mm or more with respect to the width of the groove portion G of 0.4 mm. That is, if the groove narrowing ratio is 1/10 or less, the apparent depth deh on the surface S of the refractive image of the groove G appears to be 10/1.87≈5.4 times the width w. If the depth is 6 mm or more and the groove narrowing ratio is 1/15, deh looks 15/1.87 ≈ 8.0 times the width w, which is greater than the depth of the groove G when the line-of-sight angle is 45°. As a result, the width of the groove portion G when viewed from the front looks so small that it can be ignored, and the desired effect is obtained. It is more preferable that the groove narrowing ratio is 1/19 and deh is almost 10 times the width w. If the other conditions are the same, the narrower the groove narrowing ratio, the better. The lower limit of the groove narrowing ratio that can be manufactured at the time of filing is 1/140 for the large model 3 and 1/200 for the fine model 3.

When the molded article 3 is composed of the base material M having transparency, the anisotropic visual effect required varies depending on its use. For example, when the molded article 3 is used in a show window of a store, and it is desirable that the inside of the store can be seen only from a very narrow area in front and the brand logo can be seen from a wide area other than that, the groove portion deep interval ratio is large. The narrowness rate is better. For exterior use of elevators, which will be described later, when the outside scenery can be seen in a wide range and the anisotropic visual effect is sometimes expressed as the elevator goes up and down, conversely the groove depth interval ratio is small and the groove narrowness ratio is large. Better. In any case, the smaller the groove width interval ratio, the higher the transmittance when viewed from the front, but if the groove width interval ratio is large, the anisotropic visual effect decreases, for example, when viewed from the front, The groove portion G can be seen, though it is not as great as when viewed obliquely. This may be preferred for nameplates and accessories. However, in order to exert the anisotropic visual effect, it is necessary that at least the same amount of the opposite side of the shaped article 3 as the groove portion G is visible. Further, in order for the processed portion 14 to process the groove portion G having the groove wedge angle θG of 10° or less, the groove portions G must be separated from each other by at least the width w, and in terms of strength, the pitch of the groove portions G is also different. It is necessary that di≧2w. Therefore, the groove width interval ratio must be 1/2 or less. The model manufacturing apparatus 10 adjusts the relationship between the width of the groove G, the depth, the pitch, and the angle with the surface S according to the usage conditions of the model 3, and further, the sectional shape and the front view. In this case, the shape, direction, color, phase at each portion, and surface roughness can also be adjusted to manufacture the modeled article 3 suitable for the purpose. More specifically, the image processing unit 12 and the processing unit 14 implement the groove depth interval ratio larger than the minimum groove depth interval ratio by using various presets or the like according to parameters such as the size of the modeled object 3 and usage conditions. By adjusting within the range of the maximum possible value and adjusting the groove width interval ratio within the range of 0 or more and 1/2 or less, a molded article 3 that exhibits an anisotropic visual effect matching the conditions is manufactured. can do.

Since the modeled article 3 can be installed outdoors, it is required to have durability in various environments including outdoors. Therefore, the biggest problem is light resistance. Generally, soda glass, PC, PMMA, etc. do not easily pass ultraviolet rays, and the transmittance of ultraviolet rays of 300 nm or less is close to 0%. Therefore, there is little concern that the base material M made of these may deteriorate due to ultraviolet rays. However, when the groove portion G is colored, the groove portion color CG may be faded. This problem is expected to be improved by using a coloring material such as an inorganic pigment that is strong against ultraviolet rays, but the range of color selection is narrowed, and even the inorganic pigment is inevitably deteriorated by long-term direct sunlight irradiation. Therefore, a measure to reduce the portion where the groove color CG is directly exposed must be used together. There is also a method of covering the opening side of the molded article 3 with a transparent coating, a protective layer, a protective plate, etc. However, this method is used because of the cost, the plate thickness, and the difficulty of seeing the groove G due to the reflection of the transparent layer. There are some undesirable aspects. Therefore, in order to maintain the decorativeness of the shaped article 3 for a long period of time regardless of whether it is indoors or outdoors, it is necessary to keep the groove narrowing ratio low and make the opening of the groove G as narrow as possible. Further, as a result, the overall weather resistance including the effect of rainwater is improved. If there is an opaque filling portion Fi in the groove portion G as shown in FIG. 4C, the remarkable deterioration over time is limited to the opening portion of the filling portion Fi. The side surface portion F is shielded from ultraviolet rays by the base material portion M. When there is no filling portion Fi in the groove portion G as shown in FIG. 4a, or when the filling portion Fi is transparent and has a high ultraviolet transmittance as shown in FIG. 4b, aging deterioration near the upper portion is severe, On the other hand, in the inner part of the groove portion G, the amount of ultraviolet rays reaching is reduced, so that the original color is maintained. The ultraviolet rays and the short-wavelength light are scattered and are incident on the groove portion G from each direction, but the ultraviolet rays having a large influence are incident on the vicinity of the upper portion of the groove side surface F at approximately 45 to 90°. As a result, a portion of the upper portion of the groove portion G having a depth substantially equal to the width from the upper end is gradually faded, and a feeling of deterioration is produced in comparison with the original color at the back. In order to make the particularly fading-free portion inconspicuous, the width w of the groove portion G is preferably 1/10 or less of the depth de, and if it is 1/20 or less, the fading portion is almost invisible. Also from this point, the groove narrowing ratio is preferably 1/10 or less. This effect can also be obtained when the groove wedge angle θG is 0.5 to 15, preferably 1 to 8°, more preferably 2 to 4°, and the opening is also narrowed.

The molded article 3 may have substantially the same color in at least a part thereof except for the groove portion G or the back surface portion R and the groove portion G. The substantially the same color means a color that is not nearly discernible in general use. For example, in the material 2 in which colorless and transparent PVC is attached to colorless and transparent PC, the colors of the respective layers are strictly different from each other. Although different, they may be considered the same in practice. In this specification, the color difference in this case is referred to as an allowable color difference, which is preferably ΔE*ab25.0 or less, more preferably ΔE*ab13.0 or less or one rate difference or less in the Munsell color system substantially equivalent thereto. ΔE*ab6.5 or less is more preferable. The lower limit is a measurement limit value and is 0 when the base material portion M is made of the same material.

<<Development and conditions of embodiment of molded article>>
In the modeled object 3 including the groove portion G based on the linear image 1 as shown in FIG. 3B, the appearance of color changes variously depending on the relationship between the direction of the groove and the direction of the line of sight. FIG. 9 shows a viewpoint V8 in which the groove G and the direction of the line of sight are orthogonal to each other, and a viewpoint V9 in which the groove G and the line of sight are on the same plane. In V8, as compared with V9, the groove portion G looks wider and the colorless and transparent portion is narrower. In V9, the whole looks colorless and transparent, and the groove G is not so visible. That is, for example, when the modeled object 3 is hung vertically on a wall, not only the colors look different when viewed from the front and when viewed from an angle, but also when viewed from an angle on the side and below. The color looks different even when viewed from an angle.

<Anisotropic lighting effect>
Considering V8 and V9 in FIG. 9 as light source positions, not the viewpoint, the groove G is illuminated brightly when there is a light source in V8, but when the light source is in V9, too much light hits the groove G. Since it is not present, the groove color CG is difficult to see even when the observer sees it from a viewpoint other than the front, for example, V8. On the other hand, if the groove portion G absorbs at least a part of the light, the shadow of the groove portion G can be formed in a part in the former case, but the shadow can be hardly formed in the latter case and the illumination is evenly illuminated. Such an effect that the brightness of each part is different when the direction of illumination is different and the shape of the molded article 3 is reflected is also a kind of anisotropic visual effect. Described as an effect.

（１）−２ａｒｃｓｉｎ（１／ｎ）＜θＧ１≦０の場合（図１０ａ・ｂ）
光が上側の溝側面Ｆに反射するためにはθ２≧θＧ１／２、出射光が光源と反対側の観察者に見えるためにはθ６＞−９０であるから、観察者に反射が見えるθ１の範囲は

となり、θＧ１が大きいほどθ１の範囲は溝側面Ｆの下側で広がり、上側で狭まることがわかる。θ１が数５の範囲を上回ればθ５≧ａｒｃｓｉｎ（１／ｎ）となり臨界角を超えるのでθ６の出射は起こらず基材部Ｍ内での全反射となり、観察者からは溝側面Ｆの反射が直接には見えない。θ１が数５の範囲を下回れば上側の溝側面Ｆにθ２の屈折角の光が届かない。またθ６のとりうる範囲は

である。例えばｎ＝１．５、θＧ１＝−１０であれば、−７，５１２…≦θ１＜５２．２４８…、−９０＜θ６≦−７，５１２…となり、光源（図示しない）からのある溝側面Ｆに対する入射光θ１がθ１＞５２．２４８となる位置に光源が置かれると、その溝側面Ｆには反射が見えない。また４５≦θ１≦５２といった範囲の時、θ６が水平方向に近ければ、視線が造形物３に正対する部分周辺では反射がほとんど見えず、後述のように奥の景色がよく見え、θ６が水平方向から遠ければ、視線方向と入射角が正面衝突に近い状態にならず、反射部分と光源が観察者の視野内で重なることが少ない。θＧ１＝−３であれば、−２．２５０…≦θ１＜７０，０７１…、−９０＜θ６≦−２．２５０…という広い範囲から観察者が異方性反射効果を観察できる。特に造形物３が比較的周辺部から見られる時に反射が見える必要がある用途には有用である。観察者（図示しない）はθ６の反対の方向の視線によりθ１の入射角で入射した光の反射を観察することができる。
図１０ｂのように、θＧ１が大きいほど全反射する範囲が広がり、外から反射を観察可能な範囲が狭くなる。数６の範囲の入射光は観察者に見えるが、その範囲は図１０ａより狭く、図１０ｂの点線前後のわずか数度である。この条件では、観察者から見た光源と反射する部分の方向が正面衝突に近いために見づらい。また、反射面の溝側面Ｆが視線に対して平行に近い側に傾斜しているため溝側面Ｆが狭く見え、しかも溝側面Ｆへの入射角が大きいため反射光が暗く不鮮明である。
（２）２ａｒｃｓｉｎ（１／ｎ）−１８０＜θＧ１≦−２ａｒｃｓｉｎ（１／ｎ）の場合（図１０ｃ）
溝側面Ｆからの反射光のすべてで空気との界面への入射角が臨界角を超え、基材部Ｍの内部で全反射を繰り返す。反射光が別の溝側面Ｆに当たれば、その角度によっては外から観察できることもあるが、光量の減衰等により所期の効果が得られないことが多い。ｎ＝１．５であればθＧ１≦−８３．３４９…である。
（３）−１８０＜θＧ１≦２ａｒｃｓｉｎ（１／ｎ）−１８０の場合（図１０ｄ）
溝側面Ｆで反射した光が裏面部Ｒ側に向かい、空気との界面への入射角の絶対値がａｒｃｓｉｎ（１／ｎ）未満なら光源と同じ側に反射光が見え、それ以上なら基材部Ｍの内部で全反射する。溝部楔角θＧが大きいため、得られる異方性視覚効果は限定的である。
なお、ａｒｃｓｉｎ（１／ｎ）≧４５すなわちｎ≦２^−２の場合には、（２）がなくθＧ１≦−２ａｒｃｓｉｎ（１／ｎ）で（３）となる。
ＩＩ 溝部Ｇの開口部側から光が入射する場合（θＧ２≧０）
図１０ｅにおいて、溝部楔角θＧ２・基材部Ｍへの光の入射角θ７・屈折角θ８・溝側面Ｆへの入射角θ９・反射角θ１０・空気との界面への入射角θ１１・出射角θ１２の関係より、同様に次の式が導かれる。

（４）０≦θＧ２＜２ａｒｃｓｉｎ（１／ｎ）の場合（図１０ｅ）
光源の反対側の観察者に反射が見えるθ７の範囲は

であり、θ１２のとりうる範囲は

である。なお

の範囲の入射光θ７は上下いずれの溝側面Ｆにも当たらないので、開口部側から光が入射する実施形態は水平方向の入射光には不向きである。例えばｎ＝１．５、θＧ２＝１０であれば、７，５１２…≦θ７＜９０、−５２．２４８…＜θ１２≦７，５１２…となる。光源（図示しない）が例えば７０＜θ７＜９０になるような外側に置かれた場合、視線方向と入射角とがぶつかることがなく、反射部分と光源とが観察者の視野内で視覚的に干渉することが少ないので好ましい。また観察者（図示しない）は造形物３の中心部の比較的近くで反射を観察できる。θＧ２＝３であれば、２．２５０…≦θ７＜９０、−７０，０７１…＜θ１２≦２．２５０…となり、観察者が反射を観察可能な範囲がより広がる。この場合、反射面の溝側面Ｆは視線に対して直交する側に傾斜しているため、上記（１）より反射面が広く見えて有利である。
加工法によっては、溝部Ｇの底面部Ｂが微細な凹凸状等に荒れていることがある。溝部Ｇの開口部の反対側から見る場合には、その部分が目につきやすく、その部分に当たる光の角度次第では見栄えが下がる。この点では（１）の方が好ましい。
（５）２ａｒｃｓｉｎ（１／ｎ）≦θＧ２＜１８０の場合（図１０ｆ）
裏面部Ｒから基材部Ｍに入射するあらゆる方向の光が、溝側面Ｆで反射することなく、表面部Ｓ側へ透過する。溝部Ｇに直接入射した光は、溝内部で反射するなどして光源と同じ側の観察者から見えることがある。
なお、基材部Ｍ内の入射角が臨界角未満の場合には、全反射は起こらず一部の光が溝部Ｇの外へ出射する。図１０ｆの溝側面Ｆでの反射でも一部の光は透過する。
したがって、溝側面Ｆの反射光が異方性反射効果を伴って見えるθＧの範囲は−２ａｒｃｓｉｎ（１／ｎ）＜θＧ＜２ａｒｃｓｉｎ（１／ｎ）である。上記では溝部Ｇの上側の溝側面Ｆが表面部Ｓに対する垂線又は法線となす角度θＦをθＧ＝２θＦとしてθＧ１及びθＧ２に代えることができる。したがって、下側の溝側面Ｆの角度にかかわらず、−ａｒｃｓｉｎ（１／ｎ）＜θＦ＜ａｒｃｓｉｎ（１／ｎ）で上記の関係が数１０等を除いて成り立ち、溝部Ｇが表面部Ｓと直交しなくてもよい。溝部Ｇの方向を考慮しない、つまり角の向きを考えず角度の絶対値をとらえるならば、上記範囲は０≦θＧ＜２ａｒｃｓｉｎ（１／ｎ）又は０≦θＦ＜ａｒｃｓｉｎ（１／ｎ）である。下側の溝側面Ｆの反射についても同様に扱うことができる。加工部１４は、造形物３の使用目的・使用条件・サイズ等に応じてθＧ又はθＦ及び表面と裏面のうち加工する側を変更することで、所期の効果が得られる光の入射方向及び視線方向の範囲を調整することができる。加工部１４は、造形物３の各部でθＧ又はθＦを変更してもよい。上記（１）の場合の数５の範囲の光の入射角θ１及び上記（４）の場合の数８の範囲の入射角θ７を合わせて本明細書では出射可能入射角と記載する。
光路は図１０のようにｘｙ平面と平行でなくともよい。様々な方向からの入射光による光路は、例えば図１０のようなｘｙ平面への正射影及びｚｘ平面への正射影の組合せで記述できる。前者には数４又は数７が適用できる。後者ではθ１＝θ６、θ２＝θ５、θ３＝θ４であり、−９０°より大きく９０°未満の入射角の入射光が同じ出射角で出射される。
<Anisotropic reflection effect>
When the groove side surface F reflects light, an anisotropic reflection effect, which is a kind of anisotropic visual effect, is further obtained. In other words, the degree of shine changes at each part due to the difference in the angle of light and the viewing direction, and the design is further improved. The reflection may be close to irregular reflection, but the closer to regular reflection, the higher the effect. Therefore, the reflectance of the groove side face F may be improved by polishing or painting. Since this anisotropic reflection effect can be obtained even if the groove color CG is colorless and transparent, the groove G as shown in FIG. 4 is not particularly colored and may be the same color or substantially the same color as the base material M. In order for the groove side surface F to cause reflection, it needs to be an interface. The groove portion G is a void without the filling portion Fi, or if the filling portion Fi is present, reflection is likely to occur if the refractive index is significantly different from the base material portion M. That is, the transparency, the reflection effect, the brightness, the contrast, the shielding effect, etc. change depending on the refractive index and the transmittance of the groove portion G. The groove portion G does not have to be a groove shape, and may be a crack, a minute fracture surface, or the like formed by laser processing or the like inside a transparent resin plate or a glass plate. If a part of the groove portion G has unevenness, it will appear to shine more finely. If the groove portion G is based on a parallel line, various effects are generated in each part of the modeled object 3 by being reflected intricately between the groove side surfaces F, the front surface portion S, and the back surface portion R.
Hereinafter, conditions for the groove G to return reflection will be examined. Surface portion S of the shaped object 3 and the back surface R are parallel to one another, the groove G is perpendicular to the surface portion S, and that there is no filling part Fi, the refractive index of the substrate portion M and n. FIG. 10 is a modeled object in which the back surface R is parallel to the yz plane in the xyz coordinate space, and the plane bisecting the dihedral angle formed by the groove side surfaces F on both sides of the groove G is parallel to the zx plane. 3 is a view of a cross section parallel to the xy plane of FIG. The x-axis positive direction is 0°, the clockwise direction is the positive direction, the arrow is the traveling direction of light, and the optical path is parallel to the cross section. Attention is paid to the reflection of light by the groove side face F above the groove part G.
I When light enters from the side opposite to the opening of the groove G (θG1≦0)
In FIG. 10a, groove wedge angle θG1, light incident angle θ1 on the base material M, refraction angle θ2, groove side face F incident angle θ3, reflection angle θ4, air interface incident angle θ5, and emission angle. Since the relationship of θ6 is sin θ1=n·sin θ2, θ2-θ3+90−θG1/2=180, −θ3=θ4, θ4-θ5+90+θG1/2=180, n·sin θ5=sin θ6, the following formula is derived.

(1)-2 arcsin(1/n)<θG1≦0 (FIGS. 10a and 10b)
Since θ2≧θG1/2 is required for the light to be reflected on the groove side surface F on the upper side, and θ6>−90 is for the emitted light to be seen by the observer on the side opposite to the light source, the reflection is seen by the observer at θ1. The range is

Therefore, it can be seen that the larger θG1 is, the wider the range of θ1 is on the lower side of the groove side surface F, and narrower on the upper side. If θ1 exceeds the range of several 5, θ5≧arcsin (1/n) and the critical angle is exceeded, so that the emission of θ6 does not occur and total reflection occurs in the base material portion M, and the reflection of the groove side surface F is observed from the observer. Not directly visible. If θ1 is less than the range of Equation 5, light having a refraction angle of θ2 does not reach the upper groove side face F. The range of θ6 is

Is. For example, if n=1.5 and θG1=−10, then −7,512... ≦θ1<52.248..., −90<θ6≦−7,512..., and a certain groove side surface from the light source (not shown). When the light source is placed at a position where the incident light θ1 on F is θ1>52.248, no reflection is visible on the groove side face F. Further, in the range of 45≦θ1≦52, if θ6 is close to the horizontal direction, almost no reflection can be seen around the part where the line of sight is directly facing the modeled object 3, and the scenery in the back can be seen well, and θ6 is horizontal. If it is far from the direction, the line-of-sight direction and the incident angle are not close to a frontal collision, and the reflective portion and the light source rarely overlap with each other in the observer's visual field. If θG1=−3, the observer can observe the anisotropic reflection effect from a wide range of −2.250...≦θ1<70,071..., −90<θ6≦−2.250. In particular, it is useful for applications where the reflection needs to be visible when the shaped article 3 is seen from a relatively peripheral portion. An observer (not shown) can observe the reflection of the light incident at the incident angle of θ1 by the line of sight in the direction opposite to θ6.
As shown in FIG. 10b, the larger θG1 is, the wider the range of total reflection becomes, and the narrower the range in which the reflection can be observed from the outside. The incident light in the range of Expression 6 is visible to the observer, but the range is narrower than that in FIG. 10a, and is only a few degrees before and after the dotted line in FIG. 10b. Under this condition, it is difficult to see because the direction of the portion that reflects the light source from the observer is close to a head-on collision. Further, since the groove side face F of the reflecting surface is inclined toward the side close to the line of sight, the groove side face F looks narrow, and since the incident angle on the groove side face F is large, the reflected light is dark and unclear.
(2) In the case of 2arcsin(1/n)-180<θG1≦-2arcsin(1/n) (FIG. 10c)
The angle of incidence of all the reflected light from the groove side face F on the interface with air exceeds the critical angle, and total reflection is repeated inside the base material portion M. If the reflected light hits another groove side face F, it may be observed from the outside depending on the angle, but the desired effect is often not obtained due to the attenuation of the light amount or the like. If n=1.5, then θG1≦−83.349.
(3) In the case of −180<θG1≦2arcsin(1/n)−180 (FIG. 10d)
The light reflected by the groove side face F goes to the back surface R side, and if the absolute value of the incident angle to the interface with air is less than arcsin (1/n), the reflected light can be seen on the same side as the light source. Total reflection occurs inside the part M. Due to the large groove wedge angle θG, the anisotropic visual effect obtained is limited.
When arcsin(1/n)≧45, that is, n≦2 ⁻² , there is no (2) and θG1≦ ⁻² arcsin(1/n) becomes (3).
II When light enters from the opening side of the groove G (θG2≧0)
In FIG. 10e, groove wedge angle θG2, light incident angle θ7 on base material M, refraction angle θ8, incident angle θ9 on groove side face F, reflection angle θ10, incident angle θ11 on the interface with air, and emission angle. The following equation is similarly derived from the relationship of θ12.

(4) When 0≦θG2<2 arcsin (1/n) (FIG. 10e)
The range of θ7 where the observer on the opposite side of the light source can see the reflection is

And the possible range of θ12 is

Is. Note that

Since the incident light θ7 in the range does not hit the upper and lower groove side faces F, the embodiment in which the light is incident from the opening side is not suitable for the incident light in the horizontal direction. For example, if n=1.5 and θG2=10, then 7,512... ≦θ7<90, −52.248... <θ12≦7,512. When the light source (not shown) is placed outside such that 70<θ7<90, the line-of-sight direction and the incident angle do not collide with each other, and the reflection part and the light source are visually recognized in the observer's visual field. It is preferable because it causes less interference. An observer (not shown) can observe the reflection relatively near the center of the modeled object 3. When θG2=3, 2.250... ≦θ7<90, −70,071...<θ12≦2.250, and the range in which the observer can observe the reflection is further expanded. In this case, since the groove side surface F of the reflecting surface is inclined toward the side orthogonal to the line of sight, the reflecting surface can be seen wider than in (1) above, which is advantageous.
Depending on the processing method, the bottom surface portion B of the groove portion G may be roughened into fine irregularities. When viewed from the side opposite to the opening of the groove portion G, that portion is easily noticeable, and the appearance is reduced depending on the angle of the light hitting the portion. In this respect, (1) is preferable.
(5) When 2arcsin(1/n)≦θG2<180 (FIG. 10f)
Light in all directions that enters the base material portion M from the back surface portion R is transmitted to the front surface portion S side without being reflected by the groove side surface F. The light directly incident on the groove portion G may be seen by an observer on the same side as the light source due to reflection inside the groove.
When the incident angle in the base material portion M is less than the critical angle, total reflection does not occur and a part of the light goes out of the groove portion G. Light is also a part in reflection by the groove side F of FIG. 10 f is transmitted.
Therefore, the range of θG in which the reflected light on the groove side face F is seen with the anisotropic reflection effect is −2arcsin(1/n)<θG<2arcsin(1/n). In the above, the angle θF formed by the groove side face F on the upper side of the groove part G with the normal or normal to the surface part S can be replaced with θG1 and θG2 with θG=2θF. Therefore, irrespective of the angle of the groove side surface F on the lower side, −arcsin(1/n)<θF<arcsin(1/n) holds, and the above relationship is satisfied except for the equation 10 and the groove portion G and the surface portion S. It does not have to be orthogonal. If the absolute value of the angle is taken into consideration without considering the direction of the groove portion G, that is, without considering the direction of the angle, the above range is 0≦θG<2 arcsin (1/n) or 0≦θF<arcsin (1/n). .. The reflection on the lower groove side face F can be treated similarly. The processing unit 14 changes θG or θF and the side to be processed of the front surface and the back surface according to the purpose of use, usage conditions, size, etc. of the modeled object 3 to obtain the desired incident direction of light and The range of the line-of-sight direction can be adjusted. The processing unit 14 may change θG or θF in each part of the modeled object 3. The incident angle θ1 of the light in the range of Expression 5 in the case of (1) and the incident angle θ7 in the range of Expression 8 in the case of (4) are collectively referred to as the exitable incident angle in this specification.
The optical path does not have to be parallel to the xy plane as shown in FIG. Optical paths due to incident light from various directions can be described by a combination of an orthogonal projection on the xy plane and an orthogonal projection on the zx plane as shown in FIG. 10, for example. Equation 4 or Equation 7 can be applied to the former. In the latter case, θ1=θ6, θ2=θ5, and θ3=θ4, and incident light with an incident angle larger than −90° and smaller than 90° is emitted at the same emission angle.

<Anisotropic refraction effect>
The transparent groove portion G has both reflective and transmissive properties. That is, when viewed obliquely, the groove side surface F of the portion corresponding to the light source direction and the viewpoint direction appears to be shining, but the other groove side surface F reflects the landscape in the foreground and transmits/reflects the background beyond. .. At that time, since the refractive index is different between the groove portion G, the base material portion M, and the outside of the molded article 3, a refraction phenomenon occurs, and the background appears to be transformed in a complicated and diverse manner. This is an appearance of a world different from what it looks like through a transparent glass when the molded article 3 is viewed from the front, and this effect, which is a kind of anisotropic visual effect, is referred to in this specification. It is described as an anisotropic refraction effect. In addition, changes due to the movement of the viewpoint and, depending on the conditions, rainbow-like color development due to the spectrum associated with refraction are also added to exert an unprecedented visual catabolic effect. For that purpose, it is preferable that the groove portion width interval ratio is small, the transmittance of the base material portion M and the smoothness of the groove side face F are high, and at the same time, the degree of transparency of the groove portion G is high.

<Anisotropic transmission effect>
If the base material portion M is transparent and the groove portion G is opaque, for example, the background of the molded article 3 can be seen through from the front, but the background is not visible due to the continuous opaque groove portions G from an oblique direction, and if the groove portion G is transparent, Depending on the line-of-sight angle, the light from the background is hardly transmitted or the light in the other direction is reflected, which makes it difficult to see the background. If a part of the back surface R is colored in a shape such as a letter, the letter or the like can be seen from the front and cannot be seen or cannot be seen obliquely. This is also a type of anisotropic visual effect, and is referred to as an anisotropic transmission effect in the present specification.
In order for the molded article 3 to obtain the anisotropic transmission effect, it is necessary that the surface portion S between the groove portions G has a width, the groove portion width interval ratio is small, and the base material portion M has a high transmittance. The plurality of front surface portions S having a width are parallel to the back surface portion R or included in the same plane, so that the background can be seen without distortion through the plurality of front surface portions S. In the former case, the distance between the front surface portion S and the back surface portion R may be different in each portion, that is, the thickness of the molded article 3 may be different. In that case, the background does not appear distorted only when viewed from the front, and when viewed from a slight angle, the degree of refraction of the background seen through the respective surface portions S is different, so that the surface portion S is joined. The background looks uneven. In the latter case, the plane including the plurality of front surface portions S and the back surface portion R do not have to be parallel. In that case, the background appears to be connected, but the background appears to be deformed and chromatic aberration occurs depending on the angle formed by the front surface S and the back surface R and the viewing direction. If the plurality of front surface portions S are parallel to the back surface portion R and are included in one plane, the background naturally appears to be transparent like normal plate glass. In addition, depending on the processing method, the vicinity of the portion in contact with the groove side face F of the surface portion S may be dented as shown in FIG. 4a or may be bulged conversely, and in such a portion, the background may appear slightly distorted. There is. If the surface portion S, that is, the plurality of groove portions G has a width greater than 0 between at least one of the front and rear portions, at least only the background visible through the portion is not distorted. Since it is unavoidable that an error from such a designed shape or an ideal shape occurs at the end portion in the material processing, the width of the surface portion S needs to be set to a value in consideration of it, It is preferably 1/2 or more of di. Such a flat surface portion S having a width is necessary so that anisotropic reflection and the like can be seen therethrough. This is because they are rarely seen clearly and without distortion through the groove portion G. The molded article 3 may have a curved surface like a part of a cylinder, and in this case, the back surface R of the curved surface and each front surface S are parallel to each other.
Total light transmittance of the base material portion M (hereinafter conforming to JIS K 7375. An international standard corresponding to this is not established at the time of filing, but JIS K 7375 includes the same standard as ISO 13468-1, It is also possible to measure a material having a diameter of more than 10 mm, an opaque material, etc. Further, the material of the present invention is not limited to the object of this standard, for example, even glass is equivalent to the above total light transmittance. 70% or more is preferable even when the base material portion M is thick, and the background seen through the base material portion M is not inferior to that in a bare state. Therefore, 80% or more corresponding to a colorless transparent resin 10 to 30 mm plate such as PVC is preferable, and 85% or more equivalent to a colorless transparent resin plate such as PC/PET is more preferable, because it looks clearer, 90% The above is more preferable because it looks like general glass such as soda glass. The higher the value, the better, and the upper limit is ideally 100%, but in reality, even a material with a particularly high permeability that has been subjected to a multilayer film coating treatment is at most about 99% or 98%. At the same time, the lower the diffusivity is, the more preferable the haze (ISO 14782) of the base material portion M is from 0 to 5%, more preferably from 0 to 2%, even more preferably from 0 to 1%. The above-mentioned two points are conditions under which the groove portion G can be clearly seen through the base material portion M and sufficient reflection and refraction occur. On the other hand, the groove portion G contributes to the anisotropic transmission effect so as not to transmit the background. The opaque groove portion G is a groove side surface F formed by sputtering or the like of a metal that does not easily transmit light, a product using an opaque coloring material such as an inorganic pigment, or a product with high concealing property supplied as an opaque paint. It is realized by the colored filling portion Fi and the like. If the width of the groove G is narrow, it is difficult to block 100% of light, and there is no need for light to wrap around, and the coloring material is opaque as a characteristic. For example, the average transmittance of visible light is 0 to 10 %, it is good if the other side cannot be seen through the coloring material for practical purposes. As a result, the shielding efficiency when viewed from an angle is improved, and the difference from when viewed from the front becomes large. When the base material part M or the groove part G contains a fluorescent color, the influence part is excluded.
Further, when the groove color CG of the plurality of adjacent groove portions G is transparent and different from each other, reflection and transmission of light by them affect each other, and a more complicated effect is obtained. Not only the light that is directly observed, but also the transmitted light that is projected on the floor is rich in design.

For each of the above effects, it is desirable that the front surface portion S, the back surface portion R, and the groove side surface F be flat or smooth. However, slight unevenness or distortion may occur on the groove side surface F due to the limit of processing accuracy. The error of the groove side face F from the ideal reference surface, that is, the amount of deviation of the side face from the case where all the side faces of the groove part in the cross section of the groove part orthogonal to the direction of the groove part are straight lines, is the width w of the groove part G. 0 to 1/4 is preferable, 0 to 1/8 is more preferable, and 0 to 1/12 is further preferable. The surface roughness Rz of the front surface portion S, the back surface portion R, and the groove side surface F is preferably less than 200, more preferably less than 50, and even more preferably less than 12.5. The lower limit is the measurement limit value.

<Grooves in multiple directions>
When the image 1 has lines in a plurality of directions as shown in FIG. 3e or has a plurality of partial areas made of lines in a plurality of directions as shown in FIG. 3b, the modeled object 3 based on this has a plurality of directions in a plurality of directions. The groove portion G is formed. In such a model 3, an anisotropic lighting effect in which the appearance of the groove color CG varies in one model, and the brightness of each part changes according to the direction of the illumination light. Etc. also work, and more complex and varied effects can be obtained. If the directions of the lines are different among the partial regions of the image 1 as shown in FIG. 3B, the image is displayed on the model 3 by the anisotropic visual effect. The more the direction of the groove G, the more clearly the groove color CG can be seen in any part, and the groove color CG is not so visible in another part when viewed from any direction of 360° with the line of sight tilted. Moreover, it is preferable because the difference in various anisotropic visual effects can be observed at the same time. This depends on the comparison of the directions of the plurality of groove portions G on the surface of the modeled object 3, and for that purpose, the number of the groove portions G in the direction needs to be two or more. It is preferable that the number of the grooves G in the direction is 3 or more because the above effect can be obtained from 6 directions including the case of being viewed from the opposite side, that is, every 60° on average. If the number of the groove portions G in different directions is 4 or more, the above effect is obtained every 45° on average from 8 directions, and the state is close to the state where the above effect is obtained from any angle. More preferable. If at least a part of the image 1 is a curve, the above effect can be continuously obtained, and a curve having all directions of 360° such as a circle may be included. However, the anisotropic coloring effect and the anisotropic reflection effect are stronger when the groove portion G is based on a straight line or a line close to a straight line such as a wavy line having a small amplitude. The number of the grooves G in the direction may increase without limit as the modeled object expands or becomes complicated, and is considered to be infinite when the groove side surface F is a curved surface.

The most effective combination of the grooves G in different directions is when they form an angle of 90°. As shown in FIG. 11, when the groove portion G1 and the groove portion G2 are orthogonal to each other, if the line of sight from the viewpoint V10 is substantially parallel to the groove portion G1, the groove portion G1 is most invisible (in this specification, for example, in the groove portion G, The reference numeral without a numeral or the like at the end indicates a general groove portion G, and the numeral or the like is added at the end when it is necessary to distinguish the groove portions G). At the same time, the direction of the same line of sight on the surface is orthogonal to the groove portion G2, and the groove portion G2 is most visible. If the reflectance of the groove portion G is high, the same relationship holds for the viewpoint or one light source for anisotropic reflection. From the viewpoint V11, the relationship with the groove portions G1 and G2 is reversed. That is, the relationship between V8 and V9 in FIG. 9 and the groove portion G simultaneously occurs for one viewpoint. At this time, the angle formed by the groove portions G1 and G2 is effective from 88° to 92°, which is around 90°, and almost the same effect can be obtained from 85° to 95°, but from 80° to 100° A similar effect is obtained, and an effect similar to that is obtained from 72° to 108°. A plurality of combinations of the directions of the groove portions G forming such an angle may be included in the molded article 3. Such an angle of around 90° also applies to other descriptions in this specification. In addition, although the groove portions G may intersect with each other as described later, when the molded article 3 has a plurality of partial regions including the parallel groove portions G, and the direction of the groove portion G is different in each partial region, The above effect is higher when the individual groove portions G do not intersect as shown in FIG.

In FIG. 3b, the lines included in the partial area of the X character form an angle of 90° with the parallel lines included in the surrounding partial area, and the Y-shaped partial area and the surrounding partial area form 45°. Alternatively, the angle is 135°. In the modeled object 3 based on the image 1 as described above, the visibility of the partial region of X and the surrounding partial region is in an exclusive relationship depending on the direction in which the observer views the modeled object 3. That is, when viewed from above, the groove portion G of the portion corresponding to X is almost invisible, and the groove portion G around it can be seen. On the other hand, the groove portion G of Y and the groove portion G around it are not so exclusive, and although the groove portion of Y is slightly visible when viewed from above, it is not as clear as when viewed from the upper left direction. Furthermore, since the direction of the groove G in the partial area of Z is different from that of Y, the appearance is also different. Here, assuming that the horizontal direction in the image 1 is 0°, the angle that the line can take is 0° or more and less than 180°. When the three partial regions are adjacent to each other, it is necessary to divide the direction of each parallel line from the range of 180°, but this is equally divided into 0°, 60°, and 120° as shown in FIG. 12a. It is necessary to judge for each individual case whether or not it should be shaken, or whether it should be unevenly distributed to 0°, 45°, and 90° as shown in FIG. The image processing unit 12 considers the area ratio of each partial area, the difference in shape, the ratio of the boundary line length, etc., and according to various prepared standards, the lines are finally processed into the modeled object 3. The direction of the lines can be adjusted between a plurality of adjacent or distant sub-regions so that the combination of the directions of the lines is most effective by comprehensively calculating the relationship of the directions of the parts. (S12). An example of the criterion is that the same line direction does not overlap in a plurality of partial regions and the line directions are not too close to each other between adjacent partial regions. Further, for example, when most of the outer shape of the partial region is a straight line, the image processing unit 12 determines the angle formed by the longest straight line portion and the line on one side of the boundary line as shown in FIG. 12c according to the image content. By approaching 45° and 135° (or −45°) on the other side, the visual direction interference between the lines and the boundary may be reduced, and conversely, 0° at the main part as in FIG. 12d. Alternatively, a moving feeling may be produced in the main part by approaching 90° in the background.
At that time, the image processing unit 12 recognizes the graphic elements and the like included in the image 1 by a machine learning algorithm or the like that analyzes the image and its meaning, and then determines the direction of the line of each partial area based on the image 1. The relationship can be optimized. For example, the image processing unit 12 reads a graphic element included in an image as a character by comparing it with a character shape of a pre-registered national language by a known OCR or the like, and reads a plurality of partial areas from a group of characters. Judged as one group. Alternatively, a plurality of partial areas located near the center of the image 1 and having at least one of the same width, line width, or height is similarly determined as one group. Based on this, the image processing unit 12 may align the directions of the lines in the group as shown in FIG. 13c, regardless of the above criteria. Further, when the image processing unit 12 automatically evaluates that the group is an important element, the image processing unit 12 determines the angle formed by the lines between the group and the background as shown in FIG. It may be in the range of the above-mentioned angle such as 90° or its vicinity of 85 to 95°. The image processing unit 12 is a double circle in which another two figures overlap each other, or a partial area including another partial area inside as in ci1 of FIG. Whether it is a window, an uppercase letter O, a lowercase letter o, or a symbol white circle ◯ can be discriminated by the above mechanism from the relationship with the surrounding partial area. From there, for example, in the case of a double circle, the image processing unit 12 sets the background bg1, the inner circle ci2, and the outer circle ci3 to different line directions as shown in FIG. As described above, the line directions of the background bg2 and the inner circle ci4 may be made to coincide with each other, and only the line direction of the outer circle ci5 may be different. As shown in FIG. 3f, the image processing unit 12 may make the character-shaped partial area a line having a nested shape along at least a part of the contour. Further, like the X and Y character portions in FIG. 3h, the line direction may be changed between the peripheral portion of the character and the core portion so that the character looks concave or convex. You may do this outside the letters. Processing such as edging or drop shadow may be applied to the inside (z4 of FIG. 3h) or the outside (z5 of FIG. 3h) of the outline of the character in the character-shaped partial area. As in the background portion bg in FIG. 3h, if the extension line of the line of another partial region touches the corner or the tip of the partial region, or if the line of another partial region overlaps the tangent to the partial region, the partial region Lines of other partial areas from the corners and tips of the are seen as if they were extending like shadows. If they are displaced as shown in FIGS. 3b and 3c, they do not appear to be connected. If the width of the deviation is 1/4 or less of the line pitch, it looks as if they are substantially connected. The line pitch or the phase of the lines may be adjusted so that the lines appear to extend from the outside of the protrusion or the contour of the partial region, and the lines may be overlapped with the tangent to the partial region. However, in FIG. 3h, the line pitch greatly differs depending on the portion for the sake of explanation, but in practice, a smaller change, specifically, a smaller change, to keep a substantially constant effect without excessive variation of the groove spacing ratio, etc. Is preferably changed to 1/4 or 1/8 of the line pitch. Further, the image processing unit 12 refers to the dictionary installed therein, assembles the meaning of the read characters, collects a plurality of partial regions, for example, for each word, each phrase, or for each demarcation in the context, and draws each line. You can also change the direction. Even when the image 1 includes character data having a font attribute, the same processing as above can be performed.
The image processing unit 12 stores a famous figure such as a national flag of each country, or has a function of identifying a logo or the like of each company from various characteristics such as a letter included in the acquired image 1, and identifies the figure to identify the letter. It can be treated similarly.
When selecting each line direction, for example, the usage conditions such as the size of the modeled object 3, the height of the installed position, the positional relationship with the light source, and the like, so that the effect when a person passing the modeled object 3 sees is improved. May be added. For example, it is assumed that the modeled object 3 has a height of 3 m and is installed vertically from the ground, and a passerby with an average eye height of 1.5 m moves in parallel with the modeled object 3 and looks at it in a horizontal line of sight. In this case, all the lines of the original image 1 may be vertical, and the color of the groove G may be changed in each part. Also, if the modeled object 3 is installed at a height of 3 m and the lighting is installed diagonally above it, and if a similar passerby looks up from below, the line direction may be assembled based on 45° and 135°. .. In both cases, the direction on the surface S of the groove G is perpendicular to the line of sight, and the desired effect is expected to be maximized.
Alternatively, when the width of the partial region is narrow, the effect varies depending on the direction of the line. For example, in FIG. 3b, in the upper left oblique image portion y1 and the upper right oblique image portion y2, it is difficult to distinguish y1 from other portions because the individual lines are shorter. As the weight of the character is smaller, the line becomes shorter. Therefore, in order to avoid the line, the image processing unit 12 determines that at least one of the width and the length is shorter than a predetermined value, specifically, several times the line pitch or less. Specifically, when a partial region of 4 to 8 times or less is detected, the contour of the partial region may be set as shown in FIG. 3e instead of a parallel line in one direction, and as shown in FIG. It may be a plurality of lines based on. In the case of FIG. 3e or FIG. 3f, the partial areas include a plurality of partial areas including only parallel lines (in FIG. 3f, Z, z1, z2, z3 of a plurality of parallel parallel lines). It may be treated as being further divided into one partial area). Further, at least one of the thickness and the size of the partial region as shown in FIGS. 3e and 3f may be enlarged or reduced by a predetermined value of about the line pitch. Each of the above predetermined values may be changed through experimentation in accordance with the use and size of the modeled article 3. Further, in Y of FIG. 3f, the line of the triangular portion y6 where the upper left oblique image portion y3, the upper right oblique image portion y4, and the vertical image portion y5 intersect is connected to y3, but it is not connected to y4. The image processing unit 12 can also decide to do this. The image processing unit 12 transforms/simplifies into the partial region itself obtained from the image 1 for reasons such as balance with the parallel line pitch, the processing limit of the processing unit 14, the processing required time, and the like, or the balance between the partial regions. Etc. may be changed.
The image processing unit 12 can also adjust the position, pitch, line shape, etc., as in the direction of the lines. For example, in order not to make the groove portion G at the tip position x1 of the X-shaped partial region in FIG. 3b too short, or to move the lines to the left or right so as not to contact the lines in the adjacent partial regions, the phase may be shifted or the pitch may be changed. May be partially changed, and in order to faithfully reproduce the details of the partial area, a parallel curve is formed according to the shape of the partial area and the curvature of the curve and the wavelength/wave of the wavy line as shown in FIG. 3g. May be adjusted in amplitude. In addition, the processing unit 14 receives the analysis result of the image 1 by the image processing unit 12 as described above, and receives the groove color CG of each partial region and the width/depth/surface roughness/cross-sectional shape/shape of the groove G. Various parameters such as the color of the portion other than the groove can be adjusted. The shape of the groove G includes the shape of the groove G and the cross-sectional shape of the groove G based on the shape of the line in the image 1.
In this way, the groove portion G of each part of the modeled object 3 and the partial region itself are adjusted based on the image 1 and each partial region derived from the image 1. It is possible to manufacture efficiently, quickly and with stable quality without depending on the physical capacity. That is, it has partial regions of various shapes that reflect the various contents contained in a large amount of image 1, and the partial regions are clearly identified by the anisotropic visual effect caused by the features of the respective groove portions G. It is a large number of shaped objects 3 to be formed.
Note that it is also possible to provide a parallel line image generation program, a parallel line image generation method, and a parallel line image generation device that generate a parallel line image by the same operation as that of the image processing unit 12.

Further, in the modeling object lighting equipment 5 that illuminates the modeling object 3 to be described later with illumination of a plurality of colors, for example, red light from above and green light from left to the Y partial region of the modeling object 3 based on FIG. 3b. When hit, this partial area appears to glow yellow due to the addition of light. If the direction of the groove G is slightly different, as in Z of FIG. 3b, the ratio of the two colors of light changes accordingly, so that the color changes. As a result, the modeled object 3 has a complicated color tone.
From this, the image 1 on which the modeled object 3 is based is not limited to the two-tone image as shown in FIG. 3, but may be a multi-tone image including halftone. If the number of gradations is 3, display is possible by the groove portions G in three directions. That is, for example, the black partial area of the image 1 is the horizontal direction such as the peripheral portion of the character in FIG. 3b, the white is the vertical direction such as the X-shaped portion of FIG. 3b, and the gray is the Y-shaped portion of FIG. 3b. It suffices to be displayed by such a groove portion G in an oblique 45° direction. If the direction of the groove G is increased, a larger number of gradations can be displayed.

In the molded article 3, when the directions of the groove portions G of the plurality of partial areas including the plurality of parallel groove portions G are different from each other, an image is displayed by a plurality of partial areas formed by parallel lines in a plurality of directions and an effect similar thereto. In order to obtain, the boundary line between the plurality of partial areas becomes the outline of the image, and therefore it is preferable that the distance between the plurality of partial areas is narrow. It is most preferred if the distance is 0 and they are in direct contact with each other as each region is clearly identified. When the distance is 0 to 2 times the distance di, the plurality of partial regions appear to be continuous, so that a practically sufficient effect can be obtained. If the distance is 0 to 4 times the distance di, the effect that the plurality of regions are not clearly divided but drawn with the outline blurred is obtained. As described above, the distances between the plurality of partial regions formed by the groove portions G in different directions may be substantially equal to each other because the distance is 4 times or less the distance di. If the intervals di are not uniform, the average value of the intervals di of the groove portions G may be used. The same applies to other descriptions in this specification.

On the other hand, when a plurality of partial regions having different colors such as the groove G are adjacent to each other, it is preferable that the partial regions are separated from each other to some extent as in the modeled article 3 based on the image 1 in FIG. For example, if the red partial area and the blue partial area of the groove color CG are too close to each other, the image and the red image of the blue groove G reflected on the back surface R when viewed by an observer from an oblique direction are shown. This is because the groove portion G of FIG. When the end of one groove G is connected to another groove G as shown in FIG. 14, it is difficult to apply different colors to each other depending on the processing method. Further, as shown in FIG. 11, when the plurality of groove portions G are in contact with each other in a T shape or intersect each other, stresses in various directions concentrate on the intersections and are easily broken. Therefore, it is preferable that the groove portions G in different directions are slightly separated from each other, but it is preferable that the groove portions G are not too separated from each other for the reason of the preceding paragraph. Specifically, those distances are preferably 0 to 4 times the distance di, more preferably 1/2 to 3 times, and if the distance is 1 to 2 times, the molded article 3 having a groove portion deep interval ratio of 1.87 is surface portion S. It is more preferable that the groove portions G of different colors can be seen without overlapping when viewed from the direction of 45°, and the partial regions of the respective colors can be seen close to each other.

《Transformation/application of the model and display object of the model》
<Modification 1>
The groove color CG may be different in each part of the modeled article 3. Further, the change of the direction of the groove portion G and the change of the groove portion color CG may be combined. For example, in FIG. 14a, the molded article 3 has a plurality of partial areas, the groove color CG is orange O in the inner partial area, the groove color CG is yellow Y in the outer partial area, and the direction of the groove G is inward. And the outside are different by 90°. In this case, the yellow Y in the outer partial area is visible from the viewpoint V12 on the front left side, which is parallel to the orange O, and the inside Y is visible from the viewpoint V13 on the front right, which is parallel to the yellow Y. Orange O is visible. In other words, from the left, the background of the picture appears yellow, the part of the figure appears transparent, and from the right, the part of the picture appears orange and the surroundings appear transparent. As a result, it is possible to obtain an effect which has been heretofore unavailable, in which the figure-ground relationship is reversed and the color is changed in the viewing direction. The orange O and the yellow Y may be transparent or opaque. Further, between the plurality of partial regions, as in the direction of the groove portion G, the curvature, the shape of the groove portion, the pitch, the width, the depth, the surface roughness, the wavelength, the amplitude of the wave, the phase, the front surface portion S and the rear surface portion R are formed. The color or the like of the base material portion M may be different. At least one of them may be combined with the change of the groove color CG. The molded article has a plurality of partial areas, at least a part of the plurality of partial areas has a part of the plurality of groove portions, and the plurality of plurality of partial areas having a part of the plurality of groove portions At least one of the direction, curvature, shape, pitch, width, depth, surface roughness, wavelength, wave amplitude, and phase of a part of the groove part, and the color of part of the plurality of groove parts, one of the plurality of groove parts At least one of the colors of the parts other than the parts may be different. The groove color CG may not be changed in a plurality of partial areas, and a plurality of changes among the above parameters may be combined.

<Modification 2>
The back surface portion R of the molded article 3 may be colored to form the molded article display body 4. In that case, if the groove color CG is opaque, the color of the back surface R can be seen from the front surface, but only the groove color CG can be seen from some oblique directions and the color of the back surface R is hidden by the groove G. The anisotropic transmission effect is obtained. For example, in FIG. 14b, the colored rectangle Q on the back surface R is visible from the viewpoint V14, but is substantially invisible from the viewpoint V15. If the groove color CG is transparent, the groove color CG and the color of the quadrangle Q appear to overlap from the viewpoint V15. When FIG. 14a and FIG. 14b are combined, as shown in FIG. 14c, if the direction of the groove portion G, the groove portion color CG, and the back surface portion R are changed based on the same image, one partial region and another portion The direction of the groove portion G and the color of the groove portion CG, the color of the back surface portion R, and/or the color of the base material portion M other than the back surface portion R are different between the regions, and the effect of FIG. 14a is emphasized. As shown in FIG. 14d, if the direction of the groove G and the color CG of the groove and the color of the back surface R are changed based on different images, the pattern looks different depending on the viewing direction. For example, the groove color CG is blue in the partial areas a and b, red in the partial area c, the color of the back surface R is green in the partial area a, and yellow in the partial areas b and c. Only a part of each may be different.
As described above, in one partial area, the color of the back surface R is red and the groove portion is not a monotonous color change such that the brightness of each color is uniformly higher than other partial areas or the colors are equally bluish. The color CG is blue, the back surface R is blue in another partial area, and the groove color CG is red. In some partial areas, the back surface R is red and the groove color CG is blue. In another partial area, the color of the back surface R is green and the groove color CG is yellow, so that the hues are completely different, and if the saturation of each color is high, the partial areas will be sharp and effective. is there. Specifically, regarding the hue, it is preferable that the closer side in the Munsell hue circle is separated by 25 to 50 steps, so that it is clearly distinguishable from another color, and if it is 35 to 50, the difference in hue between any of the main primary colors is preferable. Is more preferable, and if it is 45 to 50, it is more preferable because it is close to complementary colors. Alternatively, if the angle on the small side where the plurality of groove colors CG are separated in the H value of the HSV color space is 90 to 180°, it is clearly distinguishable from another color, and if it is 120 to 180°, it is preferable that the RGB system or the CMY system. It is more preferable because it corresponds to the hue difference of one of the primary colors and the like, and it is more preferable if it is 150 to 180° because it is close to the complementary colors. Although the saturation of the groove color CG depends on the hue, it is generally 4 or more, preferably 6 or more, more preferably 8 or more in terms of saturation in the Munsell color system. The lightness of the groove color CG is preferably 3 to 10, more preferably 4 to 10, and further preferably 5 to 9. Furthermore, as the above combination, the groove color CG preferably has a saturation of 4 or more and a lightness of 3 or more, more preferably a saturation of 6 or more and a lightness of 3 or more, further preferably a saturation of 6 or more and a lightness of 4 or more, and a saturation of 8 or more and A brightness of 4 or more is more preferable. In the Munsell color system, there is a possibility that the color gamut will be expanded in the saturation direction by expanding the stable color gamut due to the development of new color materials in the future. Moreover, JIS Z 8721 shows 34 or 38 as the saturation of 7.5 PB, but in the case of a fluorescent color, it may exceed this. Therefore, the upper limit of saturation is not shown. The condition of the groove color CG also applies to the individual details of the groove G. Further, not only when the groove color CG is plural, but in general when the groove color CG is colored, as long as the saturation or brightness of the groove color CG satisfies the above condition, the groove color is not affected by the background color. Since the color of G stands out, the anisotropic coloring effect is improved.

<Modification 3>
As shown in FIG. 14 e , if the plurality of groove portions G of the molded article 3 are parallel to each other, a part of the back surface portion R is colored, the groove portion color CG is opaque, and the groove portion color CG is different for each partial region, for example, the front surface From the side, characters on the back surface portion R can be seen, but from the side, the back surface portion R is hidden by the groove portion G, and another character is seen by a plurality of groove portion colors CG. Image 1 in that case may be processed as shown in FIG. 15a in the boundary part of the partial area where the groove color CG is switched. In FIG. 15a, the lines in the respective partial areas are not aligned in a straight line, but the phases are different by shifting by half the line pitch. In the molded article 3 based on this, it is possible to easily paint the plurality of groove colors CG separately, and it is possible to reduce the rattling of the boundary portion and to make it look smoother. At a position where three or more partial regions are in contact with each other, as shown in image 1 of FIG. 15b, if three partial regions are in contact with each other, 1/3 of the line pitch is shifted for each partial region. The pitch may be shifted by 1/(the number of partial areas in contact with each other).

<Modification 4>
Coloring materials that change color depending on the viewing direction, such as spectral paints and polarizing paints, add an iridescent effect to the model, but similar effects can be obtained without using such special paints. You can also That is, for example, it is possible to manufacture the modeled article 3 in which the groove side face F looks different in color when viewed from the left side and when viewed from the right side. For example, in the modeled object 3 produced by 3D printing, if the left side groove F1 of the vertical groove G is colored opaque blue and the right side groove F2 is colored opaque orange, as shown in FIG. , And orange from the right. Further, if the plurality of groove side surfaces F1 are separately painted in red and blue based on the image 1 and the plurality of groove side surfaces F2 are separately painted in green and yellow based on another image 1a, the patterns are displayed in a plurality of colors. Thus, the effect of changing to another pattern by a completely different color combination can be obtained depending on the viewing direction.
When the groove portion color CG is opaque, if two adjacent groove portions G3 and G4 have different groove portion colors CG as shown in FIG. 16b, it looks like blue from the left side and orange from the right side. It is easier to manufacture than the case where the groove side surfaces F1 and F2 are coated with different colors. This is one in which the groove portion G as shown in FIG. 16A is divided into two groove portions G of different colors, and since the two groove portions G are regarded as one set, the interval di between the groove portions G is one of the groove portions G3 and G4. It is the distance from the center of the width of the set to the center of the width of another groove G3 and groove G4 adjacent to them. The width w of the groove G in this case is the sum of w1 and w2. As described below, the groove portion G4 may be processed from the surface opposite to the groove portion G3.
Further, when the groove portion G is a hole based on dots, the upper groove side surface F3, the right groove side surface F4, the lower groove side surface F5, and the left groove side surface F6 are different from each other as shown in FIGS. If it is colored with, it will look different in four directions. The groove portion G may have a circular shape such as that shown in FIG. 16c or a cylindrical shape based on an ellipse, or may have a polygonal shape such as a polygonal shape such as that shown in FIG. 16d, and may penetrate to the back of the plate not halfway.

<Modification 5>
The effect of the first modification can also be obtained by anisotropic lighting and anisotropic reflection. For example, if all of the groove color CG of the modeled object 3 of FIG. 14a is colorless and transparent, the V12 observer can observe that the yellow Y portion shines yellow when the yellow illumination is parallel to the orange O of FIG. 14a. When an orange illumination strikes parallel to the yellow Y in the figure, the observer of V13 can observe that the orange O portion shines orange. The groove color CG may be colored and transparent, the respective lights may alternately emit light, both may simultaneously emit light, the colors of the illumination light may be switched, and they may be periodically repeated. When such a lighting fixture I is added to or attached to the modeled object 3, the modeled object lighting equipment 5 is obtained. If the light is diffused light, the yellow Y portion will be slightly red and the orange O portion will be slightly yellow, and the light will be evenly distributed over the entire area. If the light is parallel rays, there is less color mixing, and the image of the light source is visible on the groove side face F. If the groove portion G is opaque and has a high diffuse reflectance, even if light of different colors strikes from two directions parallel to the groove portion 180 and 180° opposite to each other, the light does not mix as in the case of being transparent, and the orthogonal groove portion G does not mix. Since it can be seen by hitting the groove side face F on each side, twice the number of colors of light in the direction of the groove G can be used properly, and an effect similar to that of FIG. 16a can be obtained. Further, by irradiating the groove portions G in a plurality of directions with illuminations of different colors, the groove portion color CG in another direction can be changed to another color more easily than coloring, and the color can be freely changed. If the plurality of groove portions G are orthogonal to each other and the luminaire I irradiates light in parallel to the direction of each groove portion G, such an effect is maximized. The lighting effect may be changed by moving at least one of the modeled article 3 and the lighting fixture I. Even a modeled object having a colored groove CG can be seen to change in color by being illuminated with a plurality of colors of illumination. In the modeled object lighting equipment 5, the modeled object 3 and the lighting fixture I may be integrated, or they may be used separately or in combination.

<Modification 6>
In the modeled object lighting equipment 5, there are three positional relationships among the lighting fixture I, the modeled object 3, and the observer. 17A, the luminaire I is located on the side different from the observer V with respect to the plane including the back surface R of the modeled object 3, that is, the observer V is opposite to the modeled object 3 as shown in FIG. 17A. On the side. The absolute value of the angle of incidence of light on the back surface R is less than 90°. At this time, if the lighting fixture I is almost in front of the observer through the modeled object 3, the transmitted light that travels straight from the lighting fixture I without reflecting inside the modeled object 3 directly enters the visual field, and the effect of the reflected light is the same color. Will be diminished by the light of. Therefore, it is desirable that the lighting fixture I is installed at a position where the lighting fixture I cannot be seen directly from the range in which the viewpoint is assumed. Even if the lighting fixture I is installed at an obliquely upper position, for example, the angle of incidence of the incident light Ir on each part of the modeled article 3 from the lighting fixture I is within the range of the incident angle that can be emitted, and is difficult for the observer to see. Good. 2ndly, the illuminating device I is located in the same side as the observer V opposite to FIG. 17a with respect to the plane containing the surface part S of the molded article 3. When the incident angle of light incident on the surface S from the front (from the right direction in FIG. 17a) is 0°, the absolute value of the incident angle of light on the surface S in the second case is also less than 90°. When the luminaire I is relatively close to the observer, the image of the luminaire I is reflected on the surface S depending on the reflectance of the surface S, so that the effect of the reflected light from the groove G is canceled. Further, in this case, when the lighting fixture I is located between the observer and the modeled object 3, part of the modeled object 3 may be hidden by the lighting device I and may not be seen. When the luminaire I is located at a distance and the observer is located between the modeled object 3 and the luminaire I, the shadow is projected on the modeled object 3 as the observer moves, which is unsightly. Therefore, even in this case, it is preferable that the luminaire I emits light from an oblique direction away from the vertical axis passing through the center of the modeled object 3. 3rdly, the lighting fixture I irradiates light from between the surface part S and the back surface part R of the molded article 3. That is, the modeled object 3 works like a light guide plate of a known technique. The absolute value of the incident angle of the light from the lighting fixture I with respect to the back surface R and the front surface S is 90° or more. In this case, if the groove wedge angle θG is a large angle of 90° or more, it functions as a light guide plate to some extent, but unlike a normal light guide plate, a decrease in the amount of light is large in a portion away from the light source. Groove wedge angle θG is small Kunaruhodo tendency is strong, the groove groove wedge angle θG is 10 ° or less G, will be reflected by several of the grooves G near most of the light passing through the base portion M is a light source, Since it does not reach the groove portion G away from the light source, remarkable unevenness in the amount of light occurs in each part of the modeled article 3 and it cannot be used. This uneven light amount can be eliminated if the groove wedge angle θG is large from 135° to nearly 180° in each part of the modeled object 3, but this impairs the desired effect. Therefore, the lighting fixture I is a peripheral portion deviated from the vicinity of the center of the molded article 3 and the incident angle of light with respect to the front surface portion S or the rear surface portion R is less than 90° or the incident angle with respect to the groove portion G. It is preferable to install it in a position within the range of the incident angle that can be emitted. By adjusting the angle θF of the groove side face F, it is possible to make the reflection visible only from a specific position. The assumed position of the observer may be determined each time in accordance with the use and scale of the modeled object lighting equipment 5 and use conditions.
In FIG. 17, the incident light Ir to the modeling object 3 and the outgoing light Or from the modeling object 3 are shown by a solid line, a dotted line, a broken line, and an alternate long and short dash line, and the incident light Ir and the outgoing light Or of the same line type correspond to each other. ing. Further, the manner in which the observer V moves horizontally in front of the modeled object 3 in the direction of the arrow is shown from above. The narrow side between the same line types is a range where the incident light Ir and the outgoing light Or from the same luminaire I reach, and the observer V can observe each outgoing light Or within the range of the outgoing light Or. .. Two or more luminaires I are indicated by different line types from different positions of the same height (higher than the viewpoint of the observer V and do not directly enter the visual field) toward the same height of the modeled object 3. When the incident light Ir of different color is irradiated, the color of the modeled object 3 appears to be changed in various ways or continuously and gradually changed as the observer V moves. If the incident lights Ir of different colors hit the same part of the modeled object 3 as shown in FIGS. 17a and 17b, if that part hits different parts of the modeled object 3 as shown in FIG. , The color becomes different according to the movement of the observer V. If the direction of the groove G is vertical as shown in FIGS. 17a and 17c (orthogonal to the moving direction of the observer V), the range of the emitted light Or becomes narrow in the horizontal direction and wide in the vertical direction, as shown in FIG. 17b. If it is horizontal (parallel to the moving direction of the observer V), it will be reversed. In the former case, if the groove wedge angle θG is narrow, almost no reflection can be seen in the portion where the groove side face F and the incident light Ir are nearly parallel. This provides a color change while the illumination color remains the same. Further, even if many observers are simultaneously arriving at a place such as a street, each can observe a change synchronized with each movement. The cost can be suppressed by not requiring a large-scale device such as a human sensor for changing the color, but if there is no cost constraint, the operation such as changing the color of light of each lighting fixture I or moving the irradiation direction and position can be performed. Further effects can be obtained by the addition. If the directivity of each light is high, the color is clearly switched, and if it is diffused light or the like, each color shifts seamlessly and naturally. As shown in each drawing of FIG. 17, a plurality of lighting fixtures I are arranged in a straight line such as a horizontal line, and their irradiation ranges have the same height, that is, their irradiation directions are included in the same plane. The color change is visible to the observer. Assuming that the irradiation angle is an angle in which the illuminance of the illumination is ½ of the maximum, the difference between the irradiation directions from the same plane is within ½ of the irradiation angle, and the effect is intended. As long as the range is illuminated, the illumination fixture I will be on substantially the same plane even if the illumination direction is slightly different or the height is slightly different. Instead, the heights of the irradiation ranges may be varied and the colors may be scattered so that viewers of different heights can see different colors.
As described above, the anisotropic lighting effect changes depending on the direction of the surface of the groove portion G and the relationship between the groove portion G and the line of sight of the observer. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 17, the observer observes the model 3 while walking horizontally. Based on the use and conditions such as the positional relationship with the observer, such as the use of the modeled object 3 installed on the wall surface of the escalator and the observer moving diagonally, the parts of the modeled object 3 The direction of the groove G may be determined. This applies not only to anisotropic lighting effects, but also to other effects such as anisotropic coloring effects. If the groove portion G has a curved surface shape based on wavy lines or the like, a change in the effect due to a change in the direction of the groove portion G occurs continuously.
The luminaire I of FIG. 18a is equipped with a light cutter. However, if the irradiation range is limited by the barn door, the lens, etc., and if it is adjusted so as to project in a spotlight shape in a narrow area, the color contrast is further improved. improves. Also, due to the limitation of the irradiation range, the light source cannot be seen directly by the observer, and the glare is reduced. The irradiation range may be limited by a mask or the like conforming to the shape of the partial area so that the illumination of a certain color hits only a specific partial area and does not hit the other area.
The appearance of the modeled object lighting equipment 5 also changes depending on characteristics such as the convergence of the illumination light. FIG. 18 is a view of the shaped object lighting equipment 5 of FIG. 17b as viewed from the SV direction (however, the shape and characteristics of the lighting fixture I are partially different). When the luminaire I is close to the point light source as shown in FIG. 18a, the incident light Ir becomes divergent light, and reflection can be seen in a wide portion of the modeled object 3 from a viewpoint within the range where the emitted light Or reaches. For example, if the object lighting equipment 5 is installed in a passage of a restaurant, the eye height of the observer is within a limited range of several tens of centimeters, and the distance to the object 3 is almost constant, this is applied. May be done. Further, by adjusting the groove wedge angle θG or θF, or adjusting the installation angle of the entire modeling object 3, the position where the reflection is visible may be adapted to the target eye height range. If the incident light Ir is close to the parallel light as shown in FIG. 18b, the portion where the reflection can be seen is narrowed at a certain viewpoint, but an observer (not shown) can observe the reflection from a wide range where the emitted light Or reaches. This may be applied, for example, when the modeled object lighting equipment 5 is installed in a wide space and is observed by viewers of various heights in various age groups from various distances. If the incident light Ir includes components in various directions as shown in FIG. 18c, reflection can be observed in each part of the modeled object 3, but the colors tend to be mixed even if the different colors of light are applied to the groove G in different directions. .. When the amount of light in the part farther from the lighting fixture I in the modeled object 3 is lower than that in the near part, it may be corrected by a gradation filter or the like so that the amount of light becomes closer to uniform over the entire region. The illuminance difference in each part of the molded article 3 is preferably Δ200 lx or less, more preferably Δ100 lx or less, and further preferably Δ50 lx or less. The illuminance of the molded article 3 is preferably 200 to 2000 lx, more preferably 300 to 1000 lx, though it depends on the color. If the surroundings are dark and the illuminance difference is large under bright illumination exceeding 1000 lx, it is too bright and dazzling, and the secondary reflection between the groove portions G becomes apparent, and the closer the incident angle is to 90°, the more the back surface portion R and the front surface portion S become. Dust and scratches may be noticeable and the effect may be impaired.
When the modeled object 3 is observed from both sides of the front surface S and the back surface R or more, reflection can be seen from each side by applying illumination from both sides or more. In that case, the illumination color may be different on each side. Even if the groove portion G is in one direction, if the illumination blinks, an effect that characters or the like due to the groove portion G can be seen or not can be obtained. The effect is higher if the groove portion G is a plurality of parallel groove portions G based on the lines.
In the molded object display body 4 in which the semitransparent resin plate T is installed on the back side of the molded object 3, an effect similar to diffused light illumination can be obtained. Further, a lighting fixture I such as a light guide plate may be attached to form the shaped article lighting equipment 5. Even in the portable molded object lighting equipment 5, various parameters of the molded object 3 and the lighting device I can be adjusted according to the relationship between the lighting device I, the ambient light, and the usage status. For example, there may be an effect that the modeled object 3 embedded in the accessory appears to shine for a moment depending on the direction.
In this way, the refractive index of the model 3, the direction of the groove of the model 3, θG or θF, the direction of the model 3 as a whole, and the position and irradiation direction of the luminaire I, the irradiation range, the color, and each part of the model 3 are determined. By adjusting the amount of light to be applied, the characteristics of convergence and diffusion of light, and the like, it is possible to provide the modeled object 3 and the modeled object lighting equipment 5 having an anisotropic visual effect according to various conditions.

<Modification 7>
For example, by using LEDs or the like, every other group of the plurality of parallel groove portions G is made to illuminate at the same time, the remaining every other group is made dark, and each group repeats blinking at regular intervals so that each A color or a pattern formed by combining a plurality of parts may be different for each group.
At the boundary between different colors, the colors may be distinctly different or may change gradually and continuously. For example, when the boundary portion between the groove color CG and the surrounding transparent color shifts to a gradation shape, an effect different from the clear switching can be obtained. This may be realized by the groove color CG of the adjacent groove G being different.

<Modification 8>
When the groove portion G has a dot-like columnar shape as shown in FIG. 3d, it may have a shape with a large taper such as a conical shape, a pyramid shape, a hemispherical shape, or a polygonal shape as shown in FIG. 19a. In that case, an observer who sees the modeled object illuminated by illumination of a different color from each direction sees the entire area by reflecting light of any color on a part of each groove G. It looks like a color depending on the direction. That is, the same effect as in FIGS. 16c and 16d is obtained by anisotropic lighting and anisotropic reflection. In addition, the groove portion G can have various shapes such as a spiral shape, a shape in which the bottom surface portion is wider than the opening portion, and a hole shape in which the surface facing the central axis or the facing surface is asymmetric. When the observer moves his or her viewpoint, reflected light of another color can be seen in the same area of the modeled object 3. Such a modeled article 3 can also be used as a screen for projecting light from the front or the like. When images are projected from other than the front, the projector is installed so as to face the periphery of the modeled object 3 and the extension of its surface, and the lens is tilted, that is, the lens optical axis moves in parallel due to the shift. As a result, the projector can project the image in an in-focus state without perspective distortion, just as if it were facing the center of the model 3 while projecting from an oblique direction. In this way, it is also possible to provide the modeling object illumination equipment 5 in which a plurality of images and the like are projected from one direction on one modeling object 3 and the images change depending on the position viewed by the observer. If the groove portions G are processed from both the front and back sides as shown in FIG. 19a, the distribution density of the groove portions G is increased, and the reflection brightness and contrast are improved. The filling portion Fi of the groove portion G may be a reflective material such as metal powder, the filling portion Fi may be a fluorescent paint, a special light emitting paint, or the like, and the illumination light may be ultraviolet light or the like.

<Modification 9>
In the molded article 3 in which the base material portion M is transparent, when the groove portions G in a plurality of directions are overlapped at the same portion, they may intersect in a grid pattern on the same surface of the molded article 3, but as shown in a cross section in FIG. 19b. For example, the processing portion 14 should process a plurality of vertical parallel groove portions G from one surface of the material 2 having a thickness of 30 mm, and a plurality of horizontal parallel groove portions G from the opposite surface so as to penetrate both. For example, it is easy to color each one differently. Thereby, in the same partial area, different colors can be seen depending on the viewing direction. Furthermore, if the groove portions G on the front and back of the modeled article 3 are based on different images, respectively, different patterns can be seen depending on the viewing direction and the light direction.
When processing from both sides of the front and back sides, if one side is used, it is necessary to continuously perform the process for reasons such as processing accuracy. Etc. can be subdivided. Further, if the adjacent partial areas are divided into the front surface and the back surface, the processed portion 14 can easily paint different colors. Furthermore, the above processing also contributes to the visual effect. Since the groove portion G processed from the front surface and the groove portion G processed from the back surface have different distances from the front surface or the back surface, the three-dimensional object 3 in which they coexist is multi-layered with various anisotropic visual effects and emphasizes a sense of depth. Get the effect of floating feeling. In the case of the parallel planar groove portions G, if the groove portions G in a plurality of directions intersect at the same position, the groove portions G in each direction may be divided into the groove portions G in another direction and the effect may be reduced. However, if the groove portions G in a plurality of directions are processed separately on both sides, they do not intersect directly, so there is no such problem.

<Modification 10>
Further, the groove G may be machined from each part other than the surface of the molded article 3. A plurality of moldings 3 having a plurality of groove portions G in the depth direction, a three-dimensional molding 3 having a multilayer structure in which such plate-shaped moldings are stacked, a complex shape in which parts such as transparency are added or deformed by cutting or the like 3D is an example. The groove G may be provided not only on the back surface but also on the side surface of the rectangular parallelepiped shaped article 3, and the surface of the shaped article 3 may be a polyhedron or a curved surface. In them, the groove portion G processed from the front surface and the groove portion G processed from the back surface have different distances from the front surface, and the groove portions G processed from the side surfaces have different distances from the surface. The distance to the surface differs due to the unevenness of the surface. That is, the distance between the surface and the plurality of groove portions G may be plural, the surface may be plural, and/or the surface may be a curved surface. In that case, as shown in FIGS. 19C and 19D, the plurality of surfaces having the opening of the groove G may face outward, respectively, and may face inward, or may be aligned in the same direction, such as 90°. The direction of the groove portion G may be different depending on the angle, and at least a part of the groove portion G may be parallel to the surface.

<Modification 11>
As shown in FIG. 19c, the groove portions G may be processed facing each other from both sides at the same position, the color may be changed on each side, and the groove portion color CG may be different on the way. Good. In addition, as shown in FIG. 19d, the image 1 composed of innumerable dots and lines is processed so that the two colors do not overlap with each other from both sides, and the gradation of the image is reproduced by the ratio of the two colors being different in each part. Is possible. The gradation may be adjusted by any of the number and distribution of dots, the increase or decrease of the area of dots such as halftone dots, the depth of dots, and the combination thereof. The groove G processed from one side is colored with cyan, and the groove G of magenta is also processed on this surface in the same manner, and then the surface is polished so that magenta does not overlap with cyan, and the same applies to the back side. If it is processed into a color image, it is possible to process a color image of three or more colors. As a result, the modeled object 3 on which a continuous-tone photograph or the like is processed shines due to anisotropic reflection and appears to spread in the depth direction, which is an effect that cannot be obtained by a normal planar photograph.

<Modification 12>
The processed portion 14 may be deformed by heating after forming the groove portion G in the planar plate-shaped material 2 to manufacture the shaped article 3 having a curved surface. In that case, the processed portion 14 may be bent such that the opening side of the groove portion G has a convex surface, or the groove portion G may be tapered as shown in FIG. 19a and the opening portion side may be bent so as to have a concave surface. If such groove portions G intersect in a plurality of directions, more complicated bending can be performed.

<Modification 13>
It is also possible to have a molded object display body 4 in which a plurality of molded objects 3 are stacked. If the groove G of each of the three-dimensional objects 3 is based on the cross-sectional image 1 in which the three-dimensional object is sliced, the groove parts G of the three-dimensional object display body 4 in which the three-dimensional objects are arranged side by side are the same as in the stacked three-dimensional map. Reproduce the solid. When light is applied to this from an irradiation direction corresponding to the direction of the groove portion G, engraving of light in which each groove portion G shines is realized. The plurality of shaped objects 3 may be in close contact with each other or adhered to each other, or may have a distance. It should be noted that the drawings of the present modified example and the next modified example based on the two-color planar image are too complicated and difficult to be illustrated in a simple manner, and therefore omitted.

<Modification 14>
When the plurality of shaped objects 3 overlap, moire may occur between the groove portions G, and various anisotropic visual effects act synergistically. If at least one of the groove portions G has a curved surface parallel to each other, or both distances di are the same or an integer ratio, or an approximation thereof, and the difference is 25% or less, preferably 12% or less, the effect is further increased. .. Different colors have unique effects, and when at least one moves up, down, left, right, front and back, or rotates (for example, installation on a front and rear transparent plate of a sliding automatic door), a remarkable dynamic change is shown. Each part of the modeled object display body 4 may move independently, and may move so that the angle formed by the surface of one modeled object 3 and the groove G of another modeled object 3 changes.

<Modification 15>
If, for example, the back surface R of the molded article 3 is a mirror surface, the view on the observer's side can be seen through the transparent base material M. Also, if there is a light source on the observer's side, the light is reflected on the mirror surface, and even if there is no light source or scenery on the back side, the same anisotropic reflection effect/anisotropic transmission effect can be obtained. Be done.

<Modification 16>
A molded article 3 in which a plurality of prismatic base material portions M are arranged and a groove portion G is provided between them is also possible. Each may be rotated by a motor or the like, and can be rotated even on a curved surface if the flexible material 2 is used. Each may be fixed.

[Second Embodiment]
As shown in FIG. 20a, the bottom surface portion B of the groove portion G may be wide, and the width of the concave portion and the width of the convex portion may be relatively close. In that case, when the molded article 3 in which the base material portion M is transparent is viewed obliquely, one of the two opposing groove side surfaces F can be seen without passing through the transparent portion, and thus can be seen long without being contracted by refraction. Since the groove side surface F seen through the surface portion S appears to be short due to refraction, the width of the surface portion S is set to be equal to the width of the bottom surface portion B in order to efficiently obtain the effect that the entire groove side surface F is connected when viewed obliquely. May be narrower. The groove side surface F/bottom surface B may be transparent or opaque.
As shown in FIG. 20b, if the shaped object 3 is opaque, the color of the bottom surface portion B and the color of the surface portion S may be different from the color of the groove side surface F. The color of the bottom surface portion B and the color of the surface portion S may be different or the same. The groove side surface F may be a color that absorbs light from the surface portion S. The bottom part B is also the same. Some of the configurations, effects, modifications, and the like described in the first embodiment also apply to this embodiment. For example, if the groove side surface F is substantially perpendicular to the surface portion S, the groove side surface F is almost invisible when viewed from the front, and the anisotropic coloring effect is obtained as in the first embodiment. At least one of the direction, the curvature, the shape, the pitch, the width, the depth, the surface roughness, the wavelength, the amplitude of the wave, the phase, the presence or absence of the groove portion G of the groove portion G in one partial area of the modeled object 3 and another partial area. At least one of the surface portion S, the back surface portion R, the base material portion M, the groove side surface F, and the bottom surface portion B may be different. The molded article has a plurality of partial areas, at least a part of the plurality of partial areas has a part of the plurality of groove portions, and the plurality of plurality of partial areas having a part of the plurality of groove portions At least one of the direction, curvature, shape, pitch, width, depth, surface roughness, wavelength, wave amplitude, and phase of a part of the groove part, and the color of part of the plurality of groove parts, one of the plurality of groove parts At least one of the colors of the parts other than the parts may be different.
In the opaque shaped article 3, by changing at least one of the width and the length of the surface portion S in each part, a constant range in the visual field between the surface portion S and at least one of the groove side surface F and the bottom surface portion B is obtained. It is possible to change the area ratio, and thereby to change the combination of at least two colors of the color of the surface portion S and at least one of the groove side surface F or the bottom surface portion B to express gradation,・Images such as CG and illustrations can be displayed. When the image to be displayed is a character or a line drawing, the number of gradations may be 2 gradations, and in the case of a photograph, it may be 3 gradations or more, or even an image converted to 2 gradations. Good. Specifically, when the image 1 is a multi-tone image, the image processing unit 12 or the like uses various screens or patterns such as lines, curved lines, halftone dots, and dither pattern dots, For example, as shown in FIGS. 3c and 3g, it is possible to form a two-gradation image in which gradation is displayed by the area ratio. The screen, the pattern, or the like may read the data stored in the image processing unit 12 or the like, or may newly acquire the data each time the processing is performed. Based on the image 1 as described above, the processing unit 14 removes a part of the material 2 of three or more layers in which at least two layers are colored in mutually different colors, and punches and processes a plate material of two layers and two colors. The step of attaching the layers, the step of coloring the surface portion S, the groove side surface F, and the bottom surface portion B with two or more different colors after modeling the uneven shape with a transparent material, etc. When the color of the surface portion S and the color of the bottom surface portion B are different from each other, such a modeled object 3 may represent a gradation when viewed from the front, depending on the ratio of the combination of the two colors. When the color of the part S and the color of the groove side face F are different, the gradation may be expressed by the combination, for example, when viewed obliquely, and the color of the surface part S, the color of the groove side face F, and the bottom part B If all the colors are different, a combination of all three colors may be used. Further, the image processing unit 12 or the like may set at least one of the width and the length of the lines or halftone dots constant and change the gradation by increasing or decreasing the number, density or distribution amount, or by adjusting the area. You may use together with adjustment of a number and a distribution state.

[Third Embodiment]
In the molded article 3 produced by 3D printing, the groove portion G may have a very thin film shape instead of the groove shape, and the two groove side surfaces F may be extremely close to each other. Similarly, for example, a thin transparent film is cut into a certain width, and a plurality of bands colored on one side or both sides thereof are arranged in a manner to fix one cut on the base material to form a groove G. A shaped object 3 can also be used. In order to hold and protect the band in a standing state, a transparent or translucent resin or the like may be filled between the bands to give an appearance similar to that shown in FIGS. 14 and 21a, and the band floats in the resin. It may be in a state, in which case a part of the band may be exposed or not from the resin or the like. Although the cut edge of the film is visible from the front, it may be colored with a color different from that of the groove side face F so that the cut edge is not conspicuous. The entire film may have the same color, the color change of the groove side face F may be detailed, and a complicated image may be displayed by the plurality of groove side faces F. Further, the plurality of groove portions G adjacent to each other may have a plurality of directions, the groove portions G may have a curved surface, and may not be parallel to each other but may freely face in various directions. The groove part color CG may be different for each groove part G, and may be further different for each part of each groove side face F. Some of the configurations, effects, modifications and the like described in the first and second embodiments are also applicable to this embodiment.

[Fourth Embodiment]
In the display 7 realized by the fourth embodiment of the present invention, a thin and elongated strip-shaped display module D such as an organic EL is the groove side face F. As shown in FIG. 21, a plurality of display modules D may be arranged in parallel with each other at a constant pitch. Further, the display controller C is connected to the display module D by wire or wirelessly or is built in the display module D, and the display controller C divides an image or a moving image into strips. It may be sorted and displayed. As a result, a moving image or the like (the letter “B” in FIG. 21) can be seen from the diagonal lateral direction, but cannot be seen from the front. If the display module D is capable of displaying different moving images or the like on both sides, an observer can view different moving images and the like when viewed from the left and right, and can see through the scenery from the front. The display module D may be a small display module for a mobile terminal or the like, which is vertically arranged and connected, and two pieces which are stuck back to back. At that time, it is better that the front and back seams do not overlap to improve the strength. The screens on both sides may be parallel to each other, or may have a triangular shape with the apex angle on the surface S side or the opposite side and the bottom side being open.
There are the following three methods for fixing the plurality of display modules D, for example. Method 1: As shown in FIG. 21a, a space between the plurality of display modules D is filled with a base material M such as a transparent resin as in the third embodiment. Refraction occurs when viewed through the base material portion M, and the height h of the display module D appears to be small, so that it must be increased. At least a part of the display module D may be exposed from the base material part M for heat dissipation or the like. Further, it is necessary to take measures against temperature such as making the thermal expansion coefficients of the respective elements close to each other. Method 2: As shown in FIG. 21b, the base material part M has a plate shape, and the display module D is fixed thereon. It is more inconspicuous if the fixed portion with the base material portion M does not extend beyond the width of the display module D. A groove may be engraved in the base material portion M, and a part of the display module D may be inserted therein. Method 3: As shown in FIG. 21c, a plurality of display modules D are connected by a base material part M near at least one of the upper end and the lower end, and the other display modules D are spaces. Each display module D may be reinforced by a core material or the like. In the methods 2 and 3, the surface portion S of the display 7 is a virtual surface that passes through the front side of the plurality of display modules D. One display module D may be a meandering display module D in which one side of adjacent display modules D is connected to each other. The display 7 may have a flat shape, or may have a concave or convex arc shape at the center thereof so that the appearance of each display module D when viewed from an oblique direction is improved. In the case of the arc shape, the plurality of display modules D may be parallel to each other, the planes including them may intersect with one line, and the angle between the display module D and the surface portion S may be constant, for example, 90°. The display 7 may have a built-in driving power source, or may be supplied with power from outside via a fixed part or the like.
This embodiment relates to a multi-view display technology. Conventionally, multi-view display technologies such as JP-A-2008-527440, JP-A-2008-513807, and JP-A-2008-164702 are known. With these, a parallax barrier and an optical system can be used to display a plurality of images and moving images on one display, but the viewing angle of each display is narrow, and for example, the side where an observer is close to the side. There was a problem that the display was almost invisible from the perspective of one. In the present embodiment, such a problem is solved, and a display that allows the display to be seen even when the observer sees from an extremely deep angle such that the angle between the normal line or normal to the screen and the line of sight is 75° or more and less than 90° is provided. It is possible to provide. Further, if the viewing angle of the display module D is sufficiently wide, the range in which the display can be viewed is expanded to the front or the side is changed by changing the height h of the display module D or the intervals between the plurality of display modules D. It is also possible to make adjustments such as being limited to only. In the present embodiment, for example, when a passerby passes in front of the display 7 installed at the storefront in the city, the contents displayed on the display 7 can be seen while walking toward the front of the display 7 from a distance. The effect is that the inside of the store can be seen in the front of, and the display of the display 7 can be seen again when passing through the front of the display 7 and turning around.
A display manufacturing apparatus 20 for manufacturing the display 7 includes a management unit 21, an assembly unit 22, a wiring unit 23, a fixing unit 24, a finishing unit 25, and an inspection unit 26 as shown in FIG. A display manufacturing method for manufacturing the display 7 includes a management step S21, an assembly step S22, a wiring step S23, a fixing step S24, a finishing step S25, and an inspection step S26 as shown in FIG. The management unit 21 acquires the instruction data 6 describing the component arrangement of the display 7 and the work procedure, and controls each unit of the display manufacturing apparatus 20 based on the instruction data 6 (S21). The assembling unit 22 acquires the material 2 such as the display module D and the base material, and arranges the display module D and the like under the control of the management unit 21 (S22). The wiring unit 23 performs various wirings under the control of the management unit 21 (S23). Under the control of the management unit 21, the fixing unit 24 operates such as filling the space between the display modules D and the like with the resin to form the base member M, and forms the structure of the display 7 (S24). The finishing unit 25 polishes the surface of the display 7 to obtain a finished product, but another component may be added to form the display aggregate 8 (S25). The inspection unit 26 confirms the operation of the finished product (S26). Each unit may include another process unit, and the operation order of each unit may be changed.
Some of the configurations, effects, modifications, etc. described in the first to third embodiments are also applicable to this embodiment. For example, the display manufacturing apparatus 20 mounts the large-sized display module D1 on the back surface of the display 7 and manufactures the display assembly 8 as shown in FIG. Good. The display 7 and the display module D1 may be installed without being fixed. In the display aggregate 8, instead of the base material M, a plurality of display modules D may be directly fixed to the display module D1. Further, if the display module D is opaque, not only an anisotropic transmission effect is obtained, but also an effect corresponding to an anisotropic coloring effect is obtained, which is referred to as an anisotropic display effect in the present specification. To do. Furthermore, since the direction of a part of the display 7 is different from the other as shown in FIG. 14a, there are a partial region where the display module D can be seen and a partial region where the display module D cannot be seen when seen from the viewpoint V12. A logo or the like may be displayed separately from the display content of. If the angles formed by the different directions of the plurality of display modules D are 90° or 72 to 108° as shown in FIG. 11, this effect is further improved.
One aspect provided by the present mode is a display having a plurality of display modules, and a display surface direction of the plurality of display modules is not parallel to a surface of the display in at least a part of the display. At least some of the plurality of display modules may be parallel to each other, at least some of the plurality of display modules may form a constant angle with the surface, and at least some of the displays may be transparent. At least a part of the part of the display other than the plurality of display modules may be transparent. The plurality of display modules may have a plurality of directions, the plurality of directions may be different for each of a plurality of partial areas in the display, and the plurality of partial areas may be image-based and adjusted based on the image. May be. Further, the plurality of display modules may divide one image or video into a plurality of images and display each. Another aspect provided by the present embodiment is a display assembly including a display module that is not parallel to the plurality of display modules on a side different from the surface of the display. Yet another aspect is a display having a plurality of display modules made of a material including a plurality of display modules, wherein a display surface direction of the plurality of display modules is parallel to a surface of the display in at least a part of the display. A display manufacturing apparatus including an assembly unit for manufacturing a non-display.

The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the scope described in the above embodiments. It is apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements can be added to the above-described embodiment. It is apparent from the scope of the claims that the embodiment added with such changes or improvements can be included in the technical scope of the present invention.

As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a modeled object having an unprecedented decorative effect in which colors, brightness, and patterns appear to change due to different viewing directions and light ray directions.
Thereby, for example, when displaying a company name, a person's name, a company logo, or the like on various signs such as a signboard, a company name display board, a nameplate, a guide board, a bulletin board, and a nameplate, a novel visual effect can be added. Further, when a photographic image is used for such various signatures, or a photographic processed product such as a souvenir or a gift, a completely new design can be added. It can also be applied to decorations, glass decorations for shops, advertisement display boards, and objects. If it is applied to the exterior of an elevator where you can see the scenery, it will have a novel effect. The present invention is also applicable to various fields such as a brand logo of a product, an emblem of an automobile, and use as a stained glass.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Modeling manufacturing apparatus 11 Image acquisition section 12 Image processing section 13 Material acquisition section 14 Processing section 15 Finishing section 20 Display manufacturing apparatus 21 Management section 22 Assembly section 23 Wiring section 24 Fixing section 25 Finishing section 26 Inspection section 1 Image 2 Material 3 Modeled object 4 Modeled object display object 5 Modeled object lighting equipment 6 Instruction data 7 Display 8 Display assembly B Bottom part CG Groove part color D Display module de Groove depth di Gap between centers in width direction F, F1, F2 , F3, F4, F5, F6 Groove side surface Fi Filled part G, G1, G2, G3, G4 Groove part I Lighting fixture M Base material part R Back surface part S, S1 Surface part V1, V2, V3, V4, V5-V15 Observation Person/viewpoint

Claims (1)

A plurality of groove portions, a first surface where at least a part of the plurality of groove portions do not overlap with each other and are observable including both ends thereof, and a second surface facing at least a part of the first surface A surface, a plurality of portions sandwiched between a plurality of groove portions adjacent to each other among the plurality of groove portions, a plurality of side surfaces contacting each of the plurality of groove portions and each of the plurality of groove portions, A decorative body that has at least one of an image, a character, a logo, a figure, and a pattern,
In at least a part of the decorative body having at least a part of the plurality of groove portions, at least a part of the first surface and at least a part of the second surface are parallel to each other,
In at least a portion of the decorative body in which at least a portion of the first surface and at least a portion of the second surface are parallel to each other, at least a portion of the plurality of groove portions are parallel to each other,
The distance between the centers in the width direction of at least a part of the plurality of groove portions that are parallel to each other is constant,
In at least a part of the decorative body with a constant spacing, when a refractive index of a part other than the plurality of groove parts is n, any groove part of at least a part of the plurality of groove parts and adjacent to the arbitrary groove part With respect to the portion between the above, the first side surface in which the arbitrary groove portion is in contact with the portion between the two, and the second side surface facing the first side surface with the portion between the two, the depth of the arbitrary groove portion is A first point within the portion of the second side closest to at least a portion of the first surface, a second point of the first side closest to the first point and the first point. From the third point closest to at least a part of the second surface on a line of intersection between the first side surface and a plane perpendicular to at least a part of the first surface. Is greater than the minimum distance cot[arcsin(1/n)] times a straight line including a perpendicular or a normal drawn on at least a part of
In at least a part of the decorative body in which the depth of the arbitrary groove is greater than cot [arcsin(1/n)] times the shortest distance, the minimum width of the portion between the plurality is at least the plurality of grooves. More than some maximum width,
In at least a part of the decorative body in which the minimum width is greater than or equal to the maximum width, at least a part of the first surface and at least a part of the second surface are one side to the other side, and Ri observable der each other through the portion between the plurality,
At least a part of the decorative body in which at least a part of the first surface and at least a part of the second surface are observable from each other through one side and the other and a part between the plurality. In, at least a part of the plurality of groove portions are voids,
The depth of at least a part of the plurality of groove portions which are the voids is 4 mm or more,
An ornamental body characterized in that at least a part of a plurality of side surfaces of a plurality of groove portions having a depth of 4 mm or more is colored with a color different from that of a portion between the plurality of contacting the plurality of side surfaces .

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