JP6704096B1 - Pet food - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a pet food having improved protein digestibility while containing a vegetable protein source material. A pet food containing isolated soybean protein, fermented soybean meal, or a mixture thereof, and having a protein digestibility of 88% or more. [Selection diagram] None

Description

The present invention relates to pet food.

The protein digestibility of the conventional total nutrition food pet food (hereinafter, may be simply referred to as “pet food”) is assumed to be about 80% (for example, see Non-Patent Document 1), and the protein digestion of the existing pet food is performed. The rate was in the 80% range.
It is known to use vegetable protein in addition to animal protein for adjusting the amino acid balance of pet food. As vegetable proteins used for pet food, inexpensive defatted soybeans, corn gluten meal and the like are mainly used. For example, defatted soybeans are utilized as a source of lysine. (See, for example, Non-Patent Document 2).

National Research Council (NRC). 1985. Nutrient requirements of dogs. pp.2. The national academies press. Washington, DC. Ohshima, S., Y. Fukuma, T. Suzuki and M. Abe. 2000. Evaluation of Nitrogen-corrected metabolizable energy of feedstuffs commonly used for dry canine diets. J. Pet Anim. Nutr., 3: 72-81.

However, when a plant material is used for pet food, protein digestion is inhibited by a protease inhibitor naturally contained in the plant, and the protein digestibility of pet food cannot be sufficiently increased.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a pet food having an improved protein digestibility while containing a vegetable protein source material.

The present invention includes the following aspects.
(1) A pet food that contains isolated soybean protein, fermented soybean meal, or a mixture thereof, has a protein digestibility of 88% or more, and is a comprehensive nutritional food that meets the nutritional food standard.
(2) The pet food according to (1), wherein the β-conglycinin content is 5% by mass to 10% by mass in terms of dry matter.
(3) The pet food according to (1) or (2), wherein the content of the separated soybean protein is 10% by mass or more in terms of dry matter.
(4) The pet food according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the β-conglycinin content is 7.0% by mass to 10% by mass in terms of dry matter.
(5) The content of plant proteins other than the plant protein derived from the separated soybean protein and fermented soybean meal is 11.0% by mass or less in terms of dry matter, (1) to (4) Pet food.
(6) The total content of the animal-derived protein and the content of the soybean-derived protein derived from the separated soybean protein and the fermented soybean meal is 20% by mass to 40% by mass in terms of dry matter (1) to The pet food according to any one of (5).

According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a pet food having an improved protein digestibility while containing a vegetable protein source material.

It is a graph which shows an amino acid balance. (A) shows chicken meal, (b) shows concentrated soybean protein, (c) shows corn gluten meal, and (d) shows wheat gluten amino acid balance.

As used herein, the term “pet” refers to an animal kept by a person. In a narrower sense, pets are animals loved by their owners. Further, "pet food" refers to feed for pets. The pet food according to the present invention can be sold as “animal feed” or “animal feed”. The pet food of the present invention is eaten by a variety of animals, but is preferred by cats and dogs, especially dogs. The pet food can be classified into a general nutritional food given as a normal meal, a snack between snacks, a therapeutic food having a specific component used for pets having a disease, and other intended foods. Is a comprehensive nutritional food.

<Pet food>
The pet food according to the present embodiment is a pet food containing isolated soybean protein, fermented soybean meal, or a mixture thereof, and having a protein digestibility of 88% or more.
Further, the pet food according to the present embodiment preferably has a β-conglycinin content of 5% by mass to 10% by mass in terms of dry matter.

Separated soy protein is defatted soybean, then extracted with water and adding acid to the soymilk to form whey and curd, but the curd portion is separated by centrifugation or a filter, neutralized, dried and crushed. It is a thing. Soy protein isolate has a higher protein content than concentrated soy protein. The isolated soybean protein has 99.9% as a protein component and does not contain a protease inhibitor which is a protein digestion inhibitor. The soy protein isolate is displayed as "soy protein" on the product ingredient label, and has a different ingredient label than other soy products.

Fermented soybean meal is obtained by subjecting molted soybean oil meal to lactic acid fermentation, drying and crushing. Since the protein in the fermented soybean meal has been decomposed in advance by fermentation, the content of the protease inhibitor, which is a protein digestion inhibitor, is extremely low.

The isolated soy protein is free of protease inhibitors and thus facilitates digestion of the protein. In addition, since the fermented soybean meal has a very low content of protease inhibitor, digestion of protein is promoted. Therefore, the pet food according to the present embodiment containing the isolated soybean protein, the fermented soybean meal, or the mixture thereof has an improved protein digestibility.
Among them, isolated soybean protein is preferable from the viewpoint of improving the digestibility of protein.

In the present embodiment, the lower limit of the content of the separated soybean protein is preferably 10% by mass or more in terms of dry matter. Further, the lower limit of the content of the separated soybean protein is more preferably 12% by mass or more in terms of dry matter. The upper limit of the content of the isolated soybean protein is preferably 30% by mass in terms of dry matter. With this configuration, the amino acid balance can be adjusted. Animal-derived protein source materials (animal protein source materials) include, for example, chicken meal, pork meal, and meat meal, but inedible parts (bones containing a large amount of minerals, internal organs, etc.) are heat-treated, After degreasing, it is dried and made into powder, making it difficult to control minerals. On the other hand, soybean protein has an amino acid balance similar to that of animal-derived protein, but it has less mineral content and almost no fat and oil content than animal protein source material, so it is easy to design nutrition.

FIG. 1 is a graph showing amino acid balance. (A) shows concentrated soy protein, (b) shows chicken meal, (c) shows corn gluten meal, and (d) shows wheat gluten amino acid balance. As shown in FIG. 1, corn gluten meal and wheat gluten have low scores for essential amino acids lysine and tryptophan, but concentrated soybean protein contains a large amount of lysine and tryptophan, and has an amino acid balance similar to that of chicken meal. Is. That is, it can be said that soybean protein is closer to animal protein than vegetable protein.

β-conglycinin is one of the three proteins that make up soy protein. Soybean protein consists of three components, glycinin, β-conglycin, and LP (protein associated with lipid), and the content of soybean protein can be calculated from the content of β-conglycinin.
For example, analysis of isolated soy protein, which is about 100% soy protein (99.9%), reveals that it contains about 40% β-conglycinin. Function and Science of Soybean. 2012. pp. 31. (Author: Tadada Ono, Makoto Shimoyamada, Koji Muramoto), the isolated soybean protein contained 41% of 7S protein (β conglycinin + γ conglycinin + basic 7S globulin) and 16% of 2S protein (α conglycinin). , 31S protein (glycinin) is 31% and 15S protein is 3%. In addition, the analysis by electrophoresis shows that the β-conglycinin content is 27.8% based on the total mass of the separated soybean protein.

In the pet food according to the present embodiment, the protein digestibility is 88% or more, the protein digestibility is preferably 90% or more, and the protein digestibility is more preferably 92% or more. The upper limit of the protein digestibility is not particularly limited, but from the practical viewpoint, it is preferably 99% or less.
In the general pet food, which is a general nutrition food, the standard digestibility of AAFCO (Association of American Feed Control Officials) is 80% or more. In addition, in therapeutic foods specializing in improving digestibility, the content of highly digestible animal protein is increased and the content of indigestible ingredients such as dietary fiber is reduced, but the digestibility is 87 % Is often set as the target value.
On the other hand, the pet food according to the present embodiment has a very high protein digestibility of 88% or more even though it contains the vegetable protein source material. Therefore, the pet food according to the present embodiment is easy for pets to eat, and the user can also feed with a sense of security. The pet food according to the present embodiment is particularly useful for pets having poor digestion, such as elderly dogs and small dogs.
Moreover, it is expected that the high protein digestibility of pet food can prevent the occurrence of food allergy.

In the pet food according to the present embodiment, the content of β-conglycinin is preferably 5% by mass to 10% by mass in terms of dry matter, and more preferably 7.0% by mass to 10% by mass in terms of dry matter. More preferably, it is 8.0 mass% to 10.0 mass% in terms of dry matter. When the content of β-conglycinin is not less than the lower limit value of the above range, the digestibility of protein is likely to be improved.

In the pet food according to the present embodiment, the content of plant proteins other than the plant protein derived from isolated soybean protein and fermented soybean meal is preferably 11.0% by mass or less in terms of dry matter, and in terms of dry matter. It is more preferably 10.0% by mass or less.
The pet food according to the present embodiment preferably has a corn gluten meal-derived protein content of 2.0% by mass or less in terms of dry matter.
With this configuration, it is possible to suppress the content of the protease inhibitor that is abundant in plant proteins other than the plant protein derived from the isolated soybean protein and the fermented soybean meal, and thus it becomes easier to further improve the protein digestibility.

The total content of the animal-derived protein and the content of the soybean-derived protein derived from the separated soybean protein and the fermented soybean meal is preferably 20% by mass to 40% by mass in terms of dry matter, and in terms of dry matter. It is more preferably 20% by mass to 30% by mass. With this configuration, it becomes easier to further improve the protein digestibility.

The pet food according to the present embodiment is not limited to a dry type having a water content of 10% by weight or less, and a pet type such as a soft type having a water content of about 15 to 35% by weight or a wet type having a water content of about 80% by weight. Can also be applied to.

The pet food according to the present embodiment is not particularly limited in the combination of raw materials as long as it is a comprehensive nutrition food that meets the nutrition food standards. As a pet food, it is preferable to set the composition of the raw materials so that the nutritional composition of the food grains is satisfied and good moldability is obtained. The pet food according to this embodiment can be more preferably used as a pet food for dogs.

[material]
The pet food according to the present embodiment may be any pet food as long as it satisfies the above configuration, and the raw material is not limited. Known raw materials can be used in the production of pet food.
Examples of powder raw materials are cereals (corn, wheat, rice, barley, oat, rye, etc.), beans (defatted soybeans, whole soybeans, etc.), starches (wheat starch, corn starch, rice starch, potato starch, tapioca starch) , Sweet potato starch, sago starch, etc.), vegetable protein source material (corn gluten meal, wheat gluten, etc.), meats (chicken, beef, pork, venison, meals (chicken meal, pork meal, beef meal, mixed meals thereof) ) Etc.), seafood (fish meat, meals (fish meal), etc.), vegetables, powdered additives (vitamins, minerals, amino acids, flavor raw materials, fibers, colorants, preference agents, etc.). ..
Meals means a powder obtained by compressing meat or seafood into fine pieces.
Examples of the palatability agent include animal raw material extract, plant raw material extract, yeast extract (brewer's yeast extract, baker's yeast extract, torrula yeast extract), dried yeast (brewer's yeast, baker's yeast, torrula yeast, etc.).

The composition of the raw materials is not particularly limited. It is preferable to set so that the nutritional composition of the food grain to be obtained is satisfied and good moldability is obtained.
As a compounding example, cereals 40 to 75% by mass, meats 10 to 25% by mass, seafood 5 to 15% by mass, vitamins and minerals 2 to 5% by mass, fats and oils 2 to 20% by mass, and the rest are other components. , 100 mass% in total.

As the liquid raw material added to the powder raw material, liquid raw materials such as water, oils and fats, liquid sugar, a palatant solution, a fragrance, and a coloring agent can be used if necessary. Moreover, you may coat the liquid raw material (coating agent) containing fats and oils, a seasoning, a taste agent, a fragrance|flavor, etc. after drying the puffed grain.
The fats and oils may be vegetable fats and oils or animal fats and oils (chicken oil, pork fat (lard), beef fat (het), milk fat, etc.). The coating agent preferably contains animal fat and oil, and particularly preferably beef tallow.

[Shape/Size]
The shape of the food particles forming the pet food according to the present embodiment is not particularly limited as long as it is a shape suitable for a pet to eat. For example, all shapes such as a spherical shape, a polygonal shape, a columnar shape, a donut shape, a plate shape, a gostone shape, and a clover shape can be applied. The size of the food particles may be a small particle shape that allows the pet to cheek with one bite, or may be a large particle shape that allows the pet to bite multiple times.
For example, both the shortest diameter and the longest diameter of the food particles are preferably 3 to 30 mm, more preferably 6 to 16.5 mm, and further preferably 7 to 13 mm.

<Pet food manufacturing method>
A known method can be used as a method of manufacturing the pet food according to the present embodiment, and is not particularly limited as long as the configuration of the present embodiment described above is satisfied. As a known method, there is a method of producing a pet food in the order of the following granulation step, drying step and coating step.

[Granulation process]
The granulation step is a step of granulating the raw material mixture to obtain granules.
Examples of the granulation step include a method in which raw materials are mixed to form a raw material mixture, and the raw material mixture is granulated (granulated).
As the granulation step, specifically, a method of producing particles (expanded particles) using an extruder can be mentioned.
A method for producing granules using an extruder is described, for example, in “Clinical Nutrition of Small Animals, Fifth Edition” (Michael S. Hand, Craig D. Thatcher, Rebecca L. Remillard, Philip Roudebusg, Bruce J. Norav). Issued by Associates; 2014; p.209 to p.215).

[Drying process]
The drying step is a step of drying the particles obtained by the granulation step.
Examples of the method for drying the granules include known methods such as a method for naturally drying, a method for drying by blowing warm air, a method for drying under reduced pressure, and a method for drying by freeze drying. Among these drying methods, the method of blowing warm air and drying is preferable from the viewpoint of increasing the digestibility of pet food.

[Coating process]
The coating step is a step of coating the obtained food granules by the above-mentioned drying step with a coating agent containing crude beef tallow, seasonings, flavors and the like.
The method of coating the food particles is not particularly limited, and for example, a vacuum coating method can be used. The vacuum coating method is a method of reducing the pressure in a state where heated particles and fats and oils are in contact with or attached to each other. The coating agent may be liquid or powder. The coating can improve the palatability (bite) of the pet.

(Manufacture of pet food)
The ingredients shown in Table 1 were mixed with the raw materials constituting the comprehensive nutrition food pet food. The obtained raw material mixture is put into an extruder and subjected to a heat treatment at 100 to 140° C. for 1 to 5 minutes while kneading to gelatinize the starch component, and at the exit of the extruder, it is extruded into granules and simultaneously expanded. Let The obtained granules were dried at 125° C. for 15 minutes using a drier to obtain the pet food of each example.

The “vegetable protein source raw material” used in Comparative Example 1 was corn gluten meal and defatted soybean, and the pet food of Comparative Example 1 did not contain isolated soybean protein and soybean fermented meal.
The "other ingredients" in Table 1 were ingredients derived from palatability agents such as animal raw material extract, plant raw material extract, yeast extract and the like.

Table 2 shows the amounts of β-conglycinin contained in the pet foods of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 in terms of dry matter.

(Evaluation of digestibility of protein in pet food)
Before starting the test, 7 beagles were divided into 3 groups (n=2×2 group, n=3 days×1 group). Five days was an acclimation period for acclimatizing the pet food to the in-vivo environment, and then six days was a test period of 11 days for one course. The three types of pet foods of Comparative Example 1 and Examples 1 and 2 were fed for each cool, one kind for each group, and carried out for three cools. During the test period, stool collection and fecal scoring were performed every day, and food consumption was measured during the acclimation period and the test period.

Table 3 shows the composition of the animal groups used in the test. Age and weight are 2 weeks before the start of the test. In addition, Table 4 shows the results of analyzing the general components of the pet food that was fed.

The breeding environment was as follows.
Temperature: 18-28°C
Humidity: 30-80%
Ventilation frequency: 10 times or more/hour Illumination: 12 hours (7 to 19:00)/day illumination with fluorescent light Breeding form: 1 head/cage Used cage: Stainless steel (W750 x D850 x H600 mm)
Cage cleaning: once/day (water was not used during the stool collection period)
Drinking water was well water (chlorine concentration of about 0.3 to 0.5 ppm) to which chlorine was added, and was freely taken from the automatic water supply device.

The 1st course shown in Table 5 is the start day (Day 1), the 2nd course and the 3rd course are the body weight measurement on the day before the start (Day 11, Day 22), and the amount calculated for each individual is once a day. I paid at 10-11 o'clock. The amount of remaining food (including spillage) was measured at the time of feeding on the next day, and the amount of feeding was calculated by subtracting the amount of remaining feeding from the amount of feeding on the previous day.
The salary was calculated for each individual by the following formula. DER (energy demand per day), which is the numerator of the following formula, was calculated by multiplying MER (maintenance energy demand) by body weight ^0.75 (kg).
The MER was set to “110 (kcal ME/kg ^0.75 )”. This value is introduced as the MER value of dogs 3 to 7 years old of FEDIAF Nutritional Guidelines 2017 (Table VII-6. (p.62), Table VII-7. (p.63)).
The body weight was measured 4 times in total of Day1, Day11, Day22 and Day33 (apparatus used: A&D GP-100K).

Stools are collected on Day 6 (10 o'clock) to Day 11 (10 o'clock), Day 17 (10 o'clock) to Day 22 (10 o'clock), Day 28 (10 o'clock) to Day 33 (10 o'clock), and 120 hours of continuous flight per period. Was taken as the total amount.
The stool was collected in a zippered plastic bag, and hair was mixed as little as possible during the collection. The collected feces were frozen immediately and stored frozen at -20°C or lower. After 120 hours of continuous stool collection, each cool was collected into one bag for each individual. After the test period was completed and all the samples were obtained, general component analysis was performed, and metabolic energy (ME) was calculated from the analysis values of the test food and stool to determine the digestibility.

For the CP (crude protein) coefficient, 4.4 kcal obtained by subtracting the coefficient (=1.25 kcal) for determining the nitrogen component of urine from the coefficient (=5.65 kcal) for determining GE (total energy) is used. 9.4 kcal was used for the coefficient of, and 4.1 kcal was used for the coefficient of NFE. The ME (kcal/100 g) of each individual was calculated by the following calculation formula.
ME={(A−a)×4.4+(B−b)×9.4+(C−c)×4.1}/F×100 A=CP() of the amount (g) of ingredients in the feeding food Crude protein)
a = CP (crude protein) of the amount (g) of the components in the collected feces
B = Crude fat of the amount of the ingredients (g) in the feeding food
b = crude fat of the amount of the component (g) in the collected feces
C=NFE of the amount of ingredients (g) in the feeding food
c=NFE of the amount of components (g) in the collected feces
F = food intake (g) during the test period

Table 6 shows the results of calculation of the digestibility viewed from energy by the following formula using the calculated ME of each individual. The value calculated in Table 4 was used for the GE of the salary hood.
Energy digestibility (%) = ME in each individual ÷ GE of salary food × 100

The protein digestibility of the pet food of Comparative Example 1 is higher than the standard digestibility (80% or more) defined by AAFCO (Association of American Feed Control Officials), but the pet foods of Examples 1 and 2 In addition, the protein digestibility was increased. The pet food of Example 1 had a protein digestibility of 90% or more.

According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a pet food having an improved protein digestibility while containing a vegetable protein source material.

Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments. The addition, omission, replacement, and other changes of the configuration can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims (6)

Contains isolated soy protein, fermented soybean meal, or a mixture thereof,
Protein digestibility is 88% or higher,
Ri comprehensive nutrition der to meet the nutrition standards,
Pet food having a cereal content of 40 to 75 mass% (excluding those containing a thickener) . The pet food according to claim 1, wherein the β-conglycinin content is 5% by mass to 10% by mass in terms of dry matter. The pet food according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the content of the separated soybean protein is 10% by mass or more in terms of dry matter. The pet food according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the β-conglycinin content is 7.0% by mass to 10% by mass in terms of dry matter. The pet food according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the content of plant proteins other than the plant protein derived from the isolated soybean protein and fermented soybean meal is 11.0% by mass or less in terms of dry matter. The total of the content of animal-derived protein and the content of soybean-derived protein derived from the separated soybean protein and the fermented soybean meal is 20% by mass to 40% by mass in terms of dry matter. The pet food according to 1 above.

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