JP2020188752A - Pet food - Google Patents
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Images
Abstract
Description
本発明は、ペットフードに関する。 The present invention relates to pet food.
従来の総合栄養食ペットフード（以下、単に「ペットフード」という場合がある）のタンパク質消化率は８０％程度と想定されており（例えば、非特許文献１参照）、既存のペットフードのタンパク質消化率は８０％台が主流であった。
ペットフードのアミノ酸バランス調整のために、動物性タンパク質に加え植物性タンパク質を併用する事が知られている。ペットフードに用いる植物性タンパク質は、安価な脱脂大豆、コーングルテンミールなどが主流で用いられている。例えば、脱脂大豆は、リジン源として活用されている。（例えば、非特許文献２参照）。
The protein digestibility of conventional general nutrition pet food (hereinafter, may be simply referred to as "pet food") is assumed to be about 80% (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 1), and protein digestion of existing pet food. The rate was mainly in the 80% range.
It is known to use vegetable protein in addition to animal protein to adjust the amino acid balance of pet food. Inexpensive defatted soybeans, corn gluten meal, etc. are mainly used as vegetable proteins used in pet food. For example, defatted soybeans are used as a source of lysine. (See, for example, Non-Patent Document 2).
しかしながら、ペットフードに植物原料を使用すると、植物に天然に含まれるプロテアーゼインヒビターにより、タンパク質の消化が阻害され、ペットフードのタンパク質消化率を十分に上げる事ができなかった。 However, when plant raw materials were used in pet food, protein digestion was inhibited by protease inhibitors naturally contained in plants, and the protein digestibility of pet food could not be sufficiently increased.
本発明は上記事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、植物性タンパク質源原料を含みながら、タンパク質の消化率が向上したペットフードを提供することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a pet food having an improved protein digestibility while containing a vegetable protein source raw material.
本発明は、以下の態様を包含する。
（１）分離大豆タンパク、発酵大豆粕、またはそれらの混合物を含有し、タンパク質消化率が８８％以上であり、栄養食基準を満たす総合栄養食であるペットフード。
（２）βコングリシニンの含有量が、乾物換算で５質量％〜１０質量％である（１）に記載のペットフード。
（３）前記分離大豆タンパクの含有量が、乾物換算で１０質量％以上である（１）または（２）に記載のペットフード。
（４）前記βコングリシニンの含有量が、乾物換算で７．０質量％〜１０質量％である（１）〜（３）のいずれかに記載のペットフード。
（５）分離大豆タンパクおよび発酵大豆粕に由来する植物性タンパク質以外の植物性タンパク質の含有量が、乾物換算で１１．０質量％以下である（１）〜（４）のいずれかに記載のペットフード。
（６）動物由来タンパク質の含有量と、前記分離大豆タンパクおよび前記発酵大豆粕に由来する大豆由来タンパク質の含有量との合計が、乾物換算で２０質量％〜４０質量％である（１）〜（５）のいずれかに記載のペットフード。
The present invention includes the following aspects.
(1) A pet food containing isolated soybean protein, fermented soybean meal, or a mixture thereof, having a protein digestibility of 88% or more, and a comprehensive nutritional diet that meets nutritional dietary standards.
(2) The pet food according to (1), wherein the content of β-conglycinin is 5% by mass to 10% by mass in terms of dry matter.
(3) The pet food according to (1) or (2), wherein the content of the separated soybean protein is 10% by mass or more in terms of dry matter.
(4) The pet food according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the content of β-conglycinin is 7.0% by mass to 10% by mass in terms of dry matter.
(5) The description according to any one of (1) to (4), wherein the content of vegetable protein other than vegetable protein derived from isolated soybean protein and fermented soybean meal is 11.0% by mass or less in terms of dry matter. Pet food.
(6) The total content of the animal-derived protein and the content of the separated soybean protein and the soybean-derived protein derived from the fermented soybean meal is 20% by mass to 40% by mass in terms of dry matter (1) to The pet food according to any one of (5).
本発明によれば、植物性タンパク質源原料を含みながら、タンパク質の消化率が向上したペットフードを提供できる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a pet food having an improved digestibility of protein while containing a vegetable protein source raw material.
本明細書において、「ペット」とは人に飼育されている動物をいう。より狭義の意味では、ペットは飼い主に愛玩される動物である。また、「ペットフード」とは、ペット用の飼料をいう。本発明にかかるペットフードを「動物用飼料」又は「動物の餌」として販売することが可能である。本発明のペットフードは、種々の動物によって食されるが、ネコおよびイヌによって好まれ、特にイヌに好まれる。ペットフードは、通常の食事として与えられる総合栄養食、おやつとして与えられる間食、疾患を有するペットに対して用いられる特定の成分を有する療法食、その他目的食に分類できるが、本発明のペットフードは、総合栄養食であることが適当である。 As used herein, the term "pet" refers to an animal kept by a person. In a narrower sense, pets are animals that are loved by their owners. In addition, "pet food" refers to feed for pets. The pet food according to the present invention can be sold as "animal feed" or "animal feed". The pet food of the present invention is eaten by various animals, but is preferred by cats and dogs, especially dogs. Pet foods can be classified into general nutrition foods given as normal meals, snacks given as snacks, therapeutic foods having specific ingredients used for pets with diseases, and other purpose foods. The pet foods of the present invention can be classified. Is suitable for a comprehensive nutritional diet.
＜ペットフード＞
本実施形態に係るペットフードは、分離大豆タンパク、発酵大豆粕、またはそれらの混合物を含有し、タンパク質消化率が８８％以上であるペットフードである。
また、本実施形態に係るペットフードは、βコングリシニンの含有量が、乾物換算で５質量％〜１０質量％であることが好ましい。
<Pet food>
The pet food according to the present embodiment is a pet food containing isolated soybean protein, fermented soybean meal, or a mixture thereof, and having a protein digestibility of 88% or more.
Further, the pet food according to the present embodiment preferably has a β-conglycinin content of 5% by mass to 10% by mass in terms of dry matter.
分離大豆タンパクとは、大豆を脱脂した後、水で抽出して得た豆乳に酸を加えるとホエーとカードが出来るが、カード部分を遠心分離またはフィルターで分別し、中和、乾燥、粉砕したものである。分離大豆タンパクは、濃縮大豆たんぱくに比べてタンパク質含量が高い。分離大豆タンパクは、９９．９％がタンパク質成分であり、タンパク質の消化阻害因子であるプロテアーゼインヒビターを含まない。分離大豆タンパクは、製品の原材料表示には、「大豆たんぱく」として表示され、その他の大豆製品とは原材料表示の名称が異なる。 Separated soybean protein is obtained by adding acid to soymilk extracted with water after degreasing soybeans to form whey and curd. The curd portion was separated by centrifugation or a filter, neutralized, dried, and crushed. It is a thing. Isolated soy protein has a higher protein content than concentrated soy protein. The isolated soybean protein is 99.9% protein component and does not contain a protease inhibitor which is a protein digestion inhibitor. The isolated soy protein is labeled as "soy protein" on the ingredient label of the product, and the name of the ingredient label is different from that of other soy products.
発酵大豆粕とは、脱皮大豆油粕を乳酸発酵させ、乾燥、粉砕したものである。発酵大豆粕は、発酵によりタンパク質があらかじめ分解されているため、タンパク質の消化阻害因子であるプロテアーゼインヒビターの含有量が極めて少ない。 Fermented soybean meal is made by lactic acid fermentation of peeled soybean oil cake, drying and crushing. Fermented soybean meal has a very low content of protease inhibitor, which is a protein digestion inhibitor, because the protein is decomposed in advance by fermentation.
分離大豆タンパクは、プロテアーゼインヒビターを含まないため、タンパク質の消化か促進される。また、発酵大豆粕は、プロテアーゼインヒビター含有量が極めて少ないため、タンパク質の消化が促進される。そのため、分離大豆タンパク、発酵大豆粕、またはそれらの混合物を含有する本実施形態に係るペットフードは、タンパク質の消化率が向上している。
なかでも、タンパク質の消化率の向上の観点から、分離大豆タンパクが好ましい。
Isolated soy protein does not contain protease inhibitors and thus promotes protein digestion. In addition, fermented soybean meal has an extremely low protease inhibitor content, which promotes protein digestion. Therefore, the pet food according to the present embodiment containing isolated soybean protein, fermented soybean meal, or a mixture thereof has improved protein digestibility.
Of these, isolated soybean protein is preferable from the viewpoint of improving the digestibility of the protein.
本実施形態は、分離大豆タンパクの含有量の下限値が、乾物換算で１０質量％以上であることが好ましい。また、分離大豆タンパクの含有量の下限値が、乾物換算で１２質量％以上であることがさらに好ましい。分離大豆タンパクの含有量の上限値は、乾物換算で３０質量％であることが好ましい。当該構成により、アミノ酸バランスの調整が出来る。 動物由来のタンパク質源原料（動物性タンパク質源原料）は、例えばチキンミール、ポークミール、および、ミートミール等が挙げられるが、不可食部（ミネラルを多く含む骨、内臓等）を加熱処理し、脱脂後、乾燥、粉末にするため、ミネラルの調節が難しい。これに対し、大豆たんぱくは、動物由来のたんぱくにアミノ酸バランスが似ているが、動物性タンパク質源原料よりもミネラル含有が少なく、油脂含量がほぼ無いので、栄養設計を組みやすい。 In this embodiment, the lower limit of the content of the isolated soybean protein is preferably 10% by mass or more in terms of dry matter. Further, it is more preferable that the lower limit of the content of the separated soybean protein is 12% by mass or more in terms of dry matter. The upper limit of the content of the isolated soybean protein is preferably 30% by mass in terms of dry matter. With this configuration, the amino acid balance can be adjusted. Examples of animal-derived protein source raw materials (animal protein source raw materials) include chicken meal, pork meal, and meat meal. Inedible parts (bones containing a large amount of minerals, internal organs, etc.) are heat-treated. It is difficult to adjust minerals because it is dried and powdered after degreasing. On the other hand, soy protein has a similar amino acid balance to animal-derived protein, but contains less minerals and almost no fat and oil content than animal protein source raw materials, so it is easy to formulate nutritional design.
図１は、アミノ酸バランスを示すグラフである。（ａ）は、濃縮大豆たんぱく、（ｂ）は、チキンミール、（ｃ）は、コーングルテンミール、（ｄ）は、小麦グルテンのアミノ酸バランスを示す。図１に示されるように、コーングルテンミールおよび小麦グルテンは、必須アミノ酸のリジンやトリプトファンのスコアが低いが、濃縮大豆タンパクは、リジンやトリプトファンが多く含まれており、チキンミールに類似したアミノ酸バランスである。すなわち、大豆タンパク質は、植物性タンパク質よりも動物性タンパク質に近いと言える。 FIG. 1 is a graph showing an amino acid balance. (A) shows concentrated soybean protein, (b) shows chicken meal, (c) shows corn gluten meal, and (d) shows the amino acid balance of wheat gluten. As shown in FIG. 1, corn gluten meal and wheat gluten have low scores for the essential amino acids lysine and tryptophan, while concentrated soy protein is rich in lysine and tryptophan and has an amino acid balance similar to chicken meal. Is. That is, it can be said that soy protein is closer to animal protein than vegetable protein.
βコングリシニンは、大豆タンパク質を構成する３つのタンパク質の一つである。大豆タンパク質は、グリシニン、βコングリシン、ＬＰ（脂質と会合しているタンパク質）の３つから成り、βコングリシニンの含有量により、大豆タンパク質の含有量を算出することが出来る。
例えば、大豆タンパク質が約１００％（９９．９％）である分離大豆タンパクを分析すると、βコングリシニンが約４０％含まれていることが明らかになっている。大豆の機能と科学.２０１２．ｐｐ．３１．（著：小野伴忠、下山田真、村本光二）において、分離大豆タンパクは、７Ｓタンパク質（βコングリシニン+γコングリシニン+塩基性７Ｓグロブリン）の含量が４１％、２Ｓタンパク質（αコングリシニン）が１６％、１１Ｓタンパク質（グリシニン）が３１％、１５Ｓタンパク質が３％含まれているという報告がある。また、電気泳動による分析では、βコングリシニン含量は、分離大豆タンパクの全質量に対し、２７．８％含まれることが分かっている。
β-conglycinin is one of the three proteins that make up soybean protein. Soybean protein is composed of glycinin, β-conglycine, and LP (protein associated with lipid), and the content of soybean protein can be calculated from the content of β-conglycinin.
For example, analysis of isolated soy protein, which is about 100% (99.9%) soy protein, reveals that it contains about 40% β-conglycinin. Function and Science of Soybeans. 2012. pp. 31. In (Author: Tomotada Ono, Makoto Shimoyama, Koji Muramoto), the isolated soybean protein contained 41% of 7S protein (β-conglycinin + γ-conglycinin + basic 7S globulin) and 16% of 2S protein (α-conglycinin). , 11S protein (glycinin) is 31%, and 15S protein is 3%. In addition, analysis by electrophoresis revealed that the β-conglycinin content was 27.8% of the total mass of the isolated soybean protein.
本実施形態に係るペットフードにおいて、タンパク質消化率が８８％以上であり、タンパク質消化率が９０％以上であることが好ましく、タンパク質消化率が９２％以上であることがより好ましい。タンパク質消化率の上限値は特に限定されないが、実用面から、９９％以下であることが好ましい。
通常の総合栄養食ペットフードでは、ＡＡＦＣＯ（Ａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎ Ｆｅｅｄ Ｃｏｎｔｒｏｌ Ｏｆｆｉｃｉａｌｓ）の定めた基準の消化率は８０％以上である。また、消化率向上に特化したような療法食では、消化性の高い動物性タンパク質の含有量を高め、食物繊維等の消化性の低い成分の含有量を減らしているが、消化率は８７％程度が目標値として置かれる事が多い。
これに対し、本実施形態にかかるペットフードは、植物性タンパク質源原料を含みながら、タンパク質消化率が８８％以上と非常に高い。そのため、本実施形態に係るペットフードは、ペットにとって食しやすく、ユーザーも安心感を持って給餌することができる。本実施形態にかかるペットフードは、特に高齢犬や小型犬等の消化能が弱いペットに対して有用である。
また、ペットフードのタンパク質消化率が高いと、食物アレルギーの発生を予防することが出来ること期待される。
In the pet food according to the present embodiment, the protein digestibility is preferably 88% or more, the protein digestibility is preferably 90% or more, and the protein digestibility is more preferably 92% or more. The upper limit of the protein digestibility is not particularly limited, but is preferably 99% or less from a practical point of view.
In a normal general nutrition pet food, the digestibility of the standard set by AAFCO (Association of American Feed Control Officials) is 80% or more. In addition, in a therapeutic diet that specializes in improving digestibility, the content of highly digestible animal protein is increased and the content of less digestible components such as dietary fiber is reduced, but the digestibility is 87. % Is often set as the target value.
On the other hand, the pet food according to the present embodiment has a very high protein digestibility of 88% or more while containing a vegetable protein source raw material. Therefore, the pet food according to the present embodiment is easy for the pet to eat, and the user can feed the pet food with a sense of security. The pet food according to this embodiment is particularly useful for pets with weak digestibility such as elderly dogs and small dogs.
In addition, if the protein digestibility of pet food is high, it is expected that the occurrence of food allergies can be prevented.
本実施形態に係るペットフードにおいて、βコングリシニンの含有量は、乾物換算で５質量％〜１０質量％であることが好ましく、乾物換算で７．０質量％〜１０質量％であることがより好ましく、乾物換算で８．０質量％〜１０．０質量％であることがさらに好ましい。βコングリシニンの含有量が、前記範囲の下限値以上であると、タンパク質の消化率が向上しやすくなる。 In the pet food according to the present embodiment, the content of β-conglycinin is preferably 5% by mass to 10% by mass in terms of dry matter, and more preferably 7.0% by mass to 10% by mass in terms of dry matter. , It is more preferable that it is 8.0% by mass to 10.0% by mass in terms of dry matter. When the content of β-conglycinin is at least the lower limit of the above range, the digestibility of the protein is likely to be improved.
本実施形態に係るペットフードは、分離大豆タンパクおよび発酵大豆粕に由来する植物性タンパク質以外の植物性タンパク質の含有量が、乾物換算で１１．０質量％以下であることが好ましく、乾物換算で１０．０質量％以下であることがより好ましい。
本実施形態に係るペットフードは、コーングルテンミール由来のタンパク質の含有量が、乾物換算で２．０質量％以下であることが好ましい。
当該構成により、分離大豆タンパクおよび発酵大豆粕に由来する植物性タンパク質以外の植物性タンパク質に多く含まれるプロテアーゼインヒビターの含有量を抑えることが出来るので、タンパク質消化率をさらに向上させやすくなる。
The pet food according to the present embodiment preferably has a content of vegetable protein other than vegetable protein derived from isolated soybean protein and fermented soybean meal of 11.0% by mass or less in terms of dry matter, and in terms of dry matter. More preferably, it is 10.0% by mass or less.
The pet food according to the present embodiment preferably has a protein content derived from corn gluten meal of 2.0% by mass or less in terms of dry matter.
With this configuration, it is possible to suppress the content of the protease inhibitor which is abundantly contained in the vegetable protein other than the vegetable protein derived from the isolated soybean protein and the fermented soybean meal, so that the protein digestibility can be further improved.
動物由来タンパク質の含有量と、前記分離大豆タンパクおよび前記発酵大豆粕に由来する大豆由来タンパク質の含有量との合計が、乾物換算で２０質量％〜４０質量％であることが好ましく、乾物換算で２０質量％〜３０質量％であることがさらに好ましい。当該構成により、タンパク質消化率をさらに向上させやすくなる。 The total content of the animal-derived protein and the content of the separated soybean protein and the soybean-derived protein derived from the fermented soybean meal is preferably 20% by mass to 40% by mass in terms of dry matter, and in terms of dry matter. It is more preferably 20% by mass to 30% by mass. This configuration facilitates further improvement of protein digestibility.
本実施形態に係るペットフードは、水分量が１０重量％以下であるドライタイプに限らず、水分量が１５〜３５重量％程度のソフトタイプまたは水分量が８０重量％程度のウェットタイプ等のペットフードにも適用することが出来る。 The pet food according to the present embodiment is not limited to the dry type having a water content of 10% by weight or less, but also a soft type having a water content of about 15 to 35% by weight or a wet type having a water content of about 80% by weight. It can also be applied to.
本実施形態に係るペットフードは、栄養食基準を満たす総合栄養食であれば、原材料の配合は特に限定されない。ペットフードとして、フード粒の栄養組成を満たし、良好な成形性が得られるように原材料の配合を設定することが好ましい。本実施形態に係るペットフードは、イヌ用ペットフードとしてより好ましく使用することが出来る。 The pet food according to the present embodiment is not particularly limited in the composition of raw materials as long as it is a comprehensive nutritional food that meets the nutritional food standards. As a pet food, it is preferable to set the composition of raw materials so as to satisfy the nutritional composition of food grains and obtain good moldability. The pet food according to the present embodiment can be more preferably used as a pet food for dogs.
［原料］
本実施形態に係るペットフードは上記の構成を満たすものであればよく、原料は限定されない。ペットフードの製造において公知の原料を用いることができる。
粉体原料の例としては穀類（トウモロコシ、小麦、米、大麦、燕麦、ライ麦等）、豆類（脱脂大豆、丸大豆等）、デンプン類（小麦デンプン、トウモロコシデンプン、米デンプン、馬鈴薯デンプン、タピオカデンプン、甘藷デンプン、サゴデンプン等）、植物性タンパク質源原料（コーングルテンミール、小麦グルテン等）、肉類（鶏肉、牛肉、豚肉、鹿肉、ミール類（チキンミール、豚ミール、牛ミール、これらの混合ミール）等）、魚介類（魚肉、ミール類（フィッシュミール）等）、野菜類、粉状の添加物（ビタミン類、ミネラル類、アミノ酸、フレーバー原料、繊維、着色料、嗜好剤等）が挙げられる。
ミール類とは肉類または魚介類を圧縮させ細かく砕いた粉体を意味する。
嗜好剤としては、動物原料エキス、植物原料エキス、酵母エキス（ビール酵母エキス、パン酵母エキス、トルラ酵母エキス）、酵母（ビール酵母、パン酵母、トルラ酵母等）の乾燥物等が挙げられる。
[material]
The pet food according to the present embodiment may satisfy the above constitution, and the raw materials are not limited. Known raw materials can be used in the production of pet food.
Examples of powder raw materials include cereals (corn, wheat, rice, barley, swallow, rye, etc.), beans (defatted soybeans, whole soybeans, etc.), starches (wheat starch, corn starch, rice starch, horse bell starch, tapioca starch, etc.) , Sweet potato starch, sago starch, etc.), vegetable protein source raw materials (corn gluten meal, wheat gluten, etc.), meats (chicken, beef, pork, deer meat, meals (chicken meal, pork meal, beef meal, mixed meals) ) Etc.), seafood (fish meat, meals (fish meal), etc.), vegetables, powdery additives (vitamins, minerals, amino acids, flavor raw materials, fibers, colorants, taste agents, etc.) ..
Meals mean a powder obtained by compressing and finely crushing meat or seafood.
Examples of the preference agent include animal raw material extract, plant raw material extract, yeast extract (beer yeast extract, baker's yeast extract, torula yeast extract), and dried products of yeast (beer yeast, baker's yeast, torula yeast, etc.).
原料の配合は特に限定されない。得ようとするフード粒の栄養組成を満たすとともに、良好な成形性が得られるように設定することが好ましい。
配合例としては、穀類４０〜７５質量％、肉類１０〜２５質量％、魚介類５〜１５質量％、ビタミン・ミネラル類２〜５質量％、油脂類２〜２０質量％、残りはその他の成分、合計１００質量％が挙げられる。
The composition of the raw materials is not particularly limited. It is preferable to set so as to satisfy the nutritional composition of the food grains to be obtained and to obtain good moldability.
Examples of compounding include cereals 40 to 75% by mass, meats 10 to 25% by mass, seafood 5 to 15% by mass, vitamins and minerals 2 to 5% by mass, fats and oils 2 to 20% by mass, and the rest are other components. , A total of 100% by mass.
粉体原料に添加する液体原料として、必要に応じて水、油脂類、液糖、嗜好剤溶液、香料、着色剤等の液体原料を用いることができる。また膨化粒の乾燥後に、油脂類、調味料、嗜好剤、香料等を含む液体原料（コーティング剤）をコーティングしてもよい。
油脂類は植物性油脂でもよく、動物性油脂（鶏油、豚脂（ラード）、牛脂（ヘット）、乳性脂肪等）でもよい。コーティング剤は動物性油脂を含むことが好ましく、特に牛脂を含むことが好ましい。
As a liquid raw material to be added to the powder raw material, a liquid raw material such as water, oils and fats, liquid sugar, a liking agent solution, a fragrance, and a colorant can be used as needed. Further, after the expanded grains are dried, a liquid raw material (coating agent) containing oils and fats, seasonings, taste agents, fragrances and the like may be coated.
The fats and oils may be vegetable fats and oils, or animal fats and oils (chicken oil, pork fat (lard), beef fat (tallow), milk fat, etc.). The coating agent preferably contains animal fats and oils, and particularly preferably beef tallows.
［形状・大きさ］
本実施形態に係るペットフードを構成するフード粒の形状は、ペットが食するのに好適な形状であればよく、特に制限されない。例えば球状、多角体状、柱状、ドーナッツ状、板状、碁石状、クローバー状等、あらゆる形状が適用可能である。また、フード粒の大きさは、ペットが一口で頬張れる小粒形状であってもよいし、ペットが複数回にわたって噛り付くことができる大粒形状であってもよい。
例えば、フード粒の大きさは最短径及び最長径が、共に３〜３０ｍｍであることが好ましく、共に６〜１６．５ｍｍであることがより好ましく、共に７〜１３ｍｍであることがさらに好ましい。
[Shape / Size]
The shape of the food grains constituting the pet food according to the present embodiment is not particularly limited as long as it has a shape suitable for pets to eat. For example, any shape such as spherical shape, polygonal shape, columnar shape, donut shape, plate shape, go stone shape, and clover shape can be applied. In addition, the size of the hood grain may be a small grain shape that the pet can chew with a bite, or a large grain shape that the pet can bite a plurality of times.
For example, the size of the hood grains preferably has a shortest diameter and a longest diameter of 3 to 30 mm, more preferably 6 to 16.5 mm, and further preferably 7 to 13 mm.
＜ペットフードの製造方法＞
本実施形態に係るペットフードを製造する方法は、公知の方法を用いることができ、上述の本実施形態の構成を満たせば、特に限定されない。公知の方法としては、下記、造粒工程、乾燥工程、コーティング工程の順でペットフードを製造する方法がある。
<Pet food manufacturing method>
A known method can be used as a method for producing pet food according to the present embodiment, and the method is not particularly limited as long as the above-described configuration of the present embodiment is satisfied. As a known method, there is a method of producing pet food in the following order of granulation step, drying step, and coating step.
［造粒工程］
造粒工程は、原料混合物を造粒して粒を得る工程である。
造粒工程としては、原料を混合して原料混合物とし、該原料混合物を粒状に成形（造粒）する方法等が挙げられる。
造粒工程とし、具体的には、エクストルーダーを用いて粒（膨化粒）を製造する方法が挙げられる。
エクストルーダーを用いて粒を製造する方法は、例えば「小動物の臨床栄養学 第５版」（Ｍｉｃｈａｅｌ Ｓ． Ｈａｎｄ、Ｃｒａｉｇ Ｄ． Ｔｈａｔｃｈｅｒ， Ｒｅｂｅｃｃａ Ｌ． Ｒｅｍｉｌｌａｒｄ， Ｐｈｉｌｉｐ Ｒｏｕｄｅｂｕｓｇ、Ｂｒｕｃｅ Ｊ． Ｎｏｖｏｔｎｙ 編集、Ｍａｒｋ Ｍｏｒｒｉｓ Ａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｅｓ 発行；２０１４年；ｐ．２０９〜ｐ．２１５）に記載されている方法が適用できる。
[Granulation process]
The granulation step is a step of granulating a raw material mixture to obtain grains.
Examples of the granulation step include a method in which raw materials are mixed to form a raw material mixture, and the raw material mixture is formed into granules (granulation).
As a granulation step, a method of producing grains (swelling grains) using an extruder can be specifically mentioned.
Methods for producing grains using an extruder include, for example, "Michael S. Hand, Craig D. Teacher, Rebecca L. Remillard, Philip Roudebusg, Bruce J. Novo". The methods described in Associates Publishing; 2014; p.209-p.215) are applicable.
［乾燥工程］
乾燥工程は、上記造粒工程により、得られた粒を乾燥する工程である。
粒を乾燥する方法としては、自然に乾燥させる方法、温風を吹き付けて乾燥させる方法、減圧して乾燥させる方法、フリーズドライで乾燥させる方法等の公知の方法が挙げられる。これらの乾燥方法の中でも、温風を吹き付けて乾燥させる方法が、ペットフードの消化率を高める観点で好ましい。
[Drying process]
The drying step is a step of drying the grains obtained by the above-mentioned granulation step.
Examples of the method for drying the grains include known methods such as a method of naturally drying, a method of blowing warm air to dry, a method of depressurizing and drying, and a method of freeze-drying. Among these drying methods, a method of blowing warm air to dry is preferable from the viewpoint of increasing the digestibility of pet food.
［コーティング工程］
コーティング工程は、上記乾燥工程により、得たれたフード粒を粗牛脂、調味料又は香料等を含むコーティング剤でコーティングする工程である。
フード粒をコーティングする方法は、特に限定されず、例えば、真空コート法を用いることができる。真空コート法は、加温した粒と油脂等を接触又は付着させた状態で、減圧する方法である。前記コーティング剤は、液状であっても粉末状であってもよい。前記コーティングによりペットの嗜好性（食いつき）を向上させることが出来る。
[Coating process]
The coating step is a step of coating the food grains obtained by the above drying step with a coating agent containing coarse beef tallow, seasonings, flavors and the like.
The method for coating the hood particles is not particularly limited, and for example, a vacuum coating method can be used. The vacuum coating method is a method of reducing the pressure while the heated particles are in contact with or adhered to oils and fats. The coating agent may be in the form of a liquid or a powder. The coating can improve the palatability (bite) of pets.
（ペットフードの製造）
表１に示す配合で、総合栄養食ペットフードを構成する原料を混合した。得られた原料混合物をエクストルーダーに投入し、混練しながら１００〜１４０℃で、１〜５分間の加熱処理を施してデンプン成分をアルファ化し、エクストルーダーの出口で粒状に押出造粒すると同時に膨化させた。得られた粒を乾燥機を用いて、１２５℃で１５分間の乾燥処理を行い、各例のペットフードを得た。
(Manufacturing of pet food)
In the formulation shown in Table 1, the raw materials constituting the comprehensive nutritional pet food were mixed. The obtained raw material mixture is put into an extruder and heat-treated at 100 to 140 ° C. for 1 to 5 minutes while kneading to pregelatinize the starch component, and then extruded into granules at the outlet of the extruder and at the same time swells. I let you. The obtained grains were dried at 125 ° C. for 15 minutes using a dryer to obtain pet foods of each example.
比較例１に用いた「植物性タンパク質源原料」は、コーングルテンミールおよび脱脂大豆であり、比較例１のペットフードは、分離大豆タンパクおよび大豆発酵粕を含まなかった。
表１の「その他成分」は、動物原料エキス、植物原料エキス、酵母エキス等の嗜好剤に由来する成分であった。
The "vegetable protein source raw material" used in Comparative Example 1 was corn gluten meal and defatted soybean, and the pet food of Comparative Example 1 did not contain isolated soybean protein and fermented soybean meal.
The “other components” in Table 1 were components derived from taste agents such as animal raw material extracts, plant raw material extracts, and yeast extracts.
表２に実施例１および比較例１のペットフードに含まれるβコングリシニン量を乾物換算で示す。 Table 2 shows the amount of β-conglycinin contained in the pet foods of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 in terms of dry matter.
（ペットフードのタンパク質の消化率の評価）
試験開始前にビーグル７頭を３群（ｎ＝２×２群、ｎ＝３日×１群）に群分けした。５日間は、ペットフードを体内環境に慣れさせるための順化期間とし、その後６日間は、試験期間として１クール１１日間とした。比較例１、および、実施例１〜２の３種類のペットフードを１クールに各群１種類ずつ給与し、３クール実施した。試験期間中は採便と便性スコアリングを毎日実施し、順化期間・試験期間すべてにおいて摂餌量の測定を実施した。
(Evaluation of protein digestibility of pet food)
Before the start of the test, 7 beagles were divided into 3 groups (n = 2 × 2 group, n = 3 days × 1 group). Five days was set as an acclimatization period for acclimatizing the pet food to the internal environment, and then six days were set as a test period of 11 days per course. Three types of pet foods of Comparative Example 1 and Examples 1 and 2 were fed to one course, one type for each group, and three courses were carried out. During the test period, stool collection and stool scoring were performed daily, and food intake was measured during the acclimatization period and the test period.
表３に、試験に用いた動物群の構成を示す。年齢および体重は、試験開始２週間前のものである。また、表４に、給与したペットフードの一般成分分析結果を示す。 Table 3 shows the composition of the fauna used in the test. Age and weight are 2 weeks before the start of the study. In addition, Table 4 shows the results of analysis of the general components of the fed pet food.
飼育環境は、下記内容で行った。
温度：１８〜２８℃
湿度：３０〜８０％
換気回数：１０回以上／時間
照明：蛍光灯による１２時間（７〜１９時）／日の照明
飼育形態：１頭／ケージ
使用ケージ：ステンレス製（Ｗ７５０×Ｄ８５０×Ｈ６００ｍｍ）
ケージ洗浄：１回／日（採便期間中に水は使用しなかった）
飲料水は、塩素を添加した井水（塩素濃度約０．３〜０．５ｐｐｍ）とし、自動給水器から自由摂取させた。
The breeding environment was as follows.
Temperature: 18-28 ° C
Humidity: 30-80%
Ventilation frequency: 10 times or more / hour Lighting: 12 hours (7 to 19:00) / day lighting with fluorescent light Breeding form: 1 head / cage Use cage: Stainless steel (W750 x D850 x H600 mm)
Cage cleaning: 1 time / day (no water was used during the stool collection period)
The drinking water was well water to which chlorine was added (chlorine concentration of about 0.3 to 0.5 ppm), and was freely ingested from an automatic water dispenser.
表５に示す１クール目は、開始日（Ｄａｙ１）に、２クール目および３クール目は、開始前日（Ｄａｙ１１、Ｄａｙ２２）に体重測定を実施し、個体ごとに算出した量を１日１回１０〜１１時に給与した。翌日の給与時に残餌量（こぼし量含む）を測定し、前日の給与量から残餌量を差し引いて摂餌量を算出した。
給与量は、以下の計算式により、個体ごとに算出した。以下の計算式の分子であるＤＥＲ（一日当たりのエネルギー要求量）は、ＭＥＲ（維持期エネルギー要求量）に体重０．７５（ｋｇ）を乗算して求めた。
ＭＥＲは、「１１０（ｋｃａｌ ＭＥ／ｋｇ０．７５）」とした。この値は、ＦＥＤＩＡＦ Ｎｕｔｒｉｔｉｏｎａｌ Ｇｕｉｄｅｌｉｎｅｓ ２０１７（Ｔａｂｌｅ ＶＩＩ−６．（ｐ．６２）、Ｔａｂｌｅ ＶＩＩ−７．（ｐ．６３））の３〜７歳の犬のＭＥＲ値として紹介されている。
体重の測定はＤａｙ１、Ｄａｙ１１、Ｄａｙ２２、Ｄａｙ３３の計４回実施した（使用機器：株式会社エー・アンド・デイ ＧＰ−１００Ｋ）。
The first course shown in Table 5 was weighed on the start date (Day 1), and the second and third courses were weighed on the day before the start (Day 11, Day 22), and the amount calculated for each individual was measured once a day. I paid from 10 to 11 o'clock. The amount of residual food (including the amount of spillage) was measured at the time of feeding the next day, and the amount of residual food was calculated by subtracting the amount of residual food from the amount of feeding the previous day.
The amount of salary was calculated for each individual by the following formula. The numerator of the following formula, DER (energy requirement per day), was calculated by multiplying MER (maintenance energy requirement) by 0.75 (kg) of body weight.
The MER was set to "110 (kcal ME / kg 0.75 )". This value is introduced as the MER value of dogs aged 3 to 7 years of FEDIAF Nutritional Guidelines 2017 (Table VII-6. (P.62), Table VII-7. (P.63)).
The body weight was measured four times in total, Day 1, Day 11, Day 22, and Day 33 (equipment used: A & D GP-100K Co., Ltd.).
採便はＤａｙ６（１０時）〜Ｄａｙ１１（１０時）、Ｄａｙ１７（１０時）〜Ｄａｙ２２（１０時）、Ｄａｙ２８（１０時）〜Ｄａｙ３３（１０時）に実施し、各期間につき連続１２０時間の便を全量採取とした。
便は、ジッパー付きビニール袋に採取し、採取の際にはできるだけ被毛が混入しないようにした。採取した便は、すぐに冷凍し、−２０℃以下で冷凍保管した。連続１２０時間の採便後、１クールごと、個体別に１つの袋にまとめた。試験期間が終了し、全てのサンプルを得た後に、一般成分分析をし、試験フードと便の分析値から代謝エネルギー（ＭＥ）を算出し、消化率を求めた。
Flight collection is carried out from Day6 (10 o'clock) to Day11 (10 o'clock), Day17 (10 o'clock) to Day22 (10 o'clock), Day28 (10 o'clock) to Day 33 (10 o'clock), and 120 hours of continuous flights for each period. Was collected.
The stool was collected in a plastic bag with a zipper, and the hair was not mixed in when collecting. The collected stool was immediately frozen and stored frozen at −20 ° C. or lower. After 120 hours of continuous stool collection, each course was collected in one bag for each individual. After the test period was completed and all samples were obtained, general component analysis was performed, metabolic energy (ME) was calculated from the analytical values of the test food and stool, and the digestibility was determined.
ＣＰ（粗タンパク質）の係数には、ＧＥ（総エネルギー）を求める係数（＝５．６５ｋｃａｌ）から尿の窒素成分を求める係数（＝１．２５ｋｃａｌ）を差し引いた４．４ｋｃａｌを使用し、粗脂肪の係数には、９．４ｋｃａｌを使用し、ＮＦＥの係数には、４．１ｋｃａｌを使用した。各個体におけるＭＥ（ｋｃａｌ／１００ｇ）を以下の計算式より算出した。
ＭＥ＝｛（Ａ−ａ）×４．４＋（Ｂ−ｂ）×９．４＋（Ｃ−ｃ）×４．１｝÷Ｆ×１００ Ａ＝摂餌フード中の成分量（ｇ）のＣＰ（粗タンパク質）
ａ＝採取した便中の成分量（ｇ）のＣＰ（粗タンパク質）
Ｂ＝摂餌フード中の成分量（ｇ）の粗脂肪
ｂ＝採取した便中の成分量（ｇ）の粗脂肪
Ｃ＝摂餌フード中の成分量（ｇ）のＮＦＥ
ｃ＝採取した便中の成分量（ｇ）のＮＦＥ
Ｆ＝試験期間中の摂餌量（ｇ）
For the coefficient of CP (crude protein), 4.4 kcal, which is obtained by subtracting the coefficient for determining the nitrogen component of urine (= 1.25 kcal) from the coefficient for calculating GE (total energy) (= 5.65 kcal), is used. 9.4 kcal was used for the coefficient of, and 4.1 kcal was used for the coefficient of NFE. The ME (kcal / 100 g) in each individual was calculated from the following formula.
ME = {(A-a) x 4.4 + (B-b) x 9.4 + (C-c) x 4.1} ÷ F x 100 A = CP of the amount of ingredients (g) in the feeding food (g) Crude protein)
a = CP (crude protein) of the amount of component (g) in the collected stool
B = crude fat in the amount of ingredients (g) in the feeding food
b = Crude fat of the amount of component (g) in the collected stool
C = NFE of the amount of ingredients (g) in the feeding food
c = NFE of the amount of component (g) in the collected stool
F = food intake during the test period (g)
算出した各個体におけるＭＥを用いて、以下の式よりエネルギーから見た消化率を算出した結果を表６に示す。給与フードのＧＥは表４で算出した値を用いた。
エネルギー消化率（％）＝各個体におけるＭＥ÷給与フードのＧＥ×１００
Table 6 shows the results of calculating the digestibility in terms of energy from the following formula using the calculated ME in each individual. The value calculated in Table 4 was used as the GE of the salary food.
Energy digestibility (%) = ME in each individual ÷ GE of salary food x 100
比較例１のペットフードのタンパク質消化率は、ＡＡＦＣＯ（Ａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎ Ｆｅｅｄ Ｃｏｎｔｒｏｌ Ｏｆｆｉｃｉａｌｓ）の定めた基準の消化率（８０％以上）と比べても高いが、実施例１および２のペットフードは、さらにタンパク質消化率が上がっていた。実施例１のペットフードは、タンパク質消化率が９０％以上となった。 The protein digestibility of the pet food of Comparative Example 1 is higher than the standard digestibility (80% or more) defined by AAFCO (Association of American Feed Control Officials), but the pet foods of Examples 1 and 2 have a higher protein digestibility. Furthermore, the protein digestibility was increased. The pet food of Example 1 had a protein digestibility of 90% or more.
本発明によれば、植物性タンパク質源原料を含みながら、タンパク質の消化率が向上したペットフードを提供できる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a pet food having an improved digestibility of protein while containing a vegetable protein source raw material.
以上、本発明の好ましい実施例を説明したが、本発明はこれら実施例に限定されることはない。本発明の趣旨を逸脱しない範囲で、構成の付加、省略、置換、およびその他の変更が可能である。 Although preferable examples of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to these examples. Configurations can be added, omitted, replaced, and other modifications without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (6)
タンパク質消化率が８８％以上であり、
栄養食基準を満たす総合栄養食であるペットフード。 Contains isolated soy protein, fermented soybean meal, or a mixture thereof,
Protein digestibility is 88% or more,
Pet food is a comprehensive nutritional diet that meets nutritional standards.
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| JP2006020592A (en) * | 2004-07-09 | 2006-01-26 | Itou & Company Limited:Kk | Pet food |
| JP2006158265A (en) * | 2004-12-06 | 2006-06-22 | Yamahisa:Kk | Pet food |
| JP2010029162A (en) * | 2008-07-31 | 2010-02-12 | Yamahisa Co Ltd | Pet food, method for producing pet food |
| JP2016049056A (en) * | 2014-08-29 | 2016-04-11 | ユニ・チャーム株式会社 | Pet food |
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| JP2006020592A (en) * | 2004-07-09 | 2006-01-26 | Itou & Company Limited:Kk | Pet food |
| JP2006158265A (en) * | 2004-12-06 | 2006-06-22 | Yamahisa:Kk | Pet food |
| JP2010029162A (en) * | 2008-07-31 | 2010-02-12 | Yamahisa Co Ltd | Pet food, method for producing pet food |
| JP2016049056A (en) * | 2014-08-29 | 2016-04-11 | ユニ・チャーム株式会社 | Pet food |
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