JP6695533B1 - Display - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a technique capable of giving a strong impression to an observer of a display body that sequentially reproduces diffraction images by changing an observation angle and displays a moving image expressing the rotation of an object. To do. SOLUTION: In the display body of the present invention, a plurality of images obtained by photographing the object SB while changing the photographing angle are recorded as a plurality of diffraction images sequentially reproduced by changing the observation angle. In the case of the display body, the magnitude of the rotation angle of the object SB represented by sequentially reproducing a plurality of diffraction images is larger than the magnitude of the change in the observation angle. [Selection diagram] Fig. 6

Description

  The present invention relates to a display body.

  Relief holograms are difficult to forge or duplicate by ordinary printing techniques. Therefore, in the past, relief holograms have been used to indicate that the article is genuine.

  Usually, the relief hologram is composed of a plurality of relief diffraction gratings. The color and the emission angle of the diffracted light emitted from the relief hologram can be appropriately set according to the pitch and the length direction of the grooves. Therefore, if an appropriate design is adopted for the relief hologram, it is possible to display an image in which at least one of shape and position changes according to the change of the illumination or the observation direction, for example, a stereoscopic image (three-dimensional image) or a moving image. (Patent Documents 1 and 2).

JP-A-6-281804 JP, 7-104211, A

  2. Description of the Related Art There is a display body that displays a diffraction image using a hologram by tilting the display body to sequentially reproduce images of an object taken at different shooting angles as a diffraction image and display a moving image that represents the rotation of the object. However, the present inventors believe that there is room for improvement in the impression that such a moving image gives to an observer.

  Therefore, the present invention, for a display body that sequentially reproduces a diffraction image by changing an inclination angle, in other words, an observation angle, and displays a moving image expressing the rotation of an object, the moving image gives a strong impression to an observer. The purpose is to provide a technology that makes it possible to give.

  According to one aspect of the present invention, a plurality of images obtained by shooting an object while changing a shooting angle is a display body recorded as a plurality of diffraction images sequentially reproduced by changing an observation angle. Thus, there is provided a display body having a larger angle of rotation of the object, which is represented by sequentially reproducing a plurality of diffraction images with respect to the magnitude of change in the observation angle.

  A general display body that displays a diffraction image has a display surface that is a flat surface or a shape close to the flat surface. Therefore, in such a display body, there is a limitation in the range of the tilt angle of the display body which allows the diffraction image to be visually recognized, that is, the observation angle. Under such a limitation, the rotation angle of the object represented by the moving image cannot be increased.

  On the other hand, in the above display, the magnitude of the angle of rotation of the object, which is represented by sequentially reproducing the diffraction images, is larger than the magnitude of the change in the observation angle. Therefore, even if the change in the observation angle is small, the object can be largely rotated in the moving image. Therefore, the moving image displayed by this display body can give a strong impression to the observer. For example, the observer has the impression that this video changes dynamically.

  The ratio of the angle of rotation of the object to the degree of change of the observation angle is preferably in the range of 1.4 to 1.6. If this ratio is made smaller, the moving image displayed by this display tends to have a weaker impression on the observer. If this ratio is made excessively large, the object may rotate significantly in the moving image even if the observation angle is slightly changed, which may make it difficult to observe the moving image.

  The difference between the upper limit value and the lower limit value of the observation angle at which the plurality of diffraction images are sequentially reproduced, that is, the observation angle range is preferably within a range of 40 ° to 60 °. If this observation angle range is reduced, it may be difficult to confirm the rotation of the object in the moving image. If the observation angle range is increased, it may be difficult to display a bright moving image, or the smoothness of the change in the image depending on the change in the observation angle may decrease.

  According to still another aspect of the present invention, among the plurality of diffraction images, an image reproduced when the observation angle is smaller than a first value, and an image reproduced when the observation angle is larger than the first value. The image reproduced when the value exceeds two values means that the display body according to the above-mentioned aspect that is darker than the image reproduced when the observation angle is within the range of the first value to the second value. Provided.

  A hologram designed to display a moving image within a relatively narrow viewing angle range can display a clear image over the entire angle range. However, a hologram designed to display a moving image within a relatively wide viewing angle range, in particular, at least one of the shape and position of the image is designed to change significantly in response to changes in illumination or viewing direction. A hologram can cause the image it displays to appear unnatural to the viewer, as described below.

  Indoors, normally, the light source used for illuminating the display is neither a point light source nor a collimated light beam. That is, normally, indoors, light enters the display body from various directions. Therefore, when the display body is observed from a certain direction, an image that should be seen when the display body is observed from that direction (hereinafter referred to as a normal image) and one that should be seen when the display body is observed from another direction 1 The above image (hereinafter referred to as a ghost image) may appear to partially overlap.

  However, in reality, light of the same intensity does not enter the display body from all directions. Usually, the light incident on the display body from a specific direction has the maximum intensity, and the intensity of the incident light decreases as the deviation from that direction increases.

  Further, the difference between the diffraction angle of the diffracted light with respect to the incident light having the maximum intensity and the diffraction angle of the diffracted light with respect to the incident light whose incident angle is slightly different from that of the incident light is Increase. That is, under an observation condition for observing an image displayed by diffracted light with a small diffraction angle, the difference in shape and position between the normal image and the ghost image derived from the incident light with a slightly different incident angle is small. On the other hand, under an observation condition for observing an image displayed by diffracted light having a large diffraction angle, the normal image and the ghost image derived from the incident light having a slightly different incident angle have a large difference in shape and position.

  Therefore, the effect of the above-mentioned overlap on the sharpness of the image is so small that it cannot be perceived under the observation condition for observing the image displayed by the diffracted light having a small diffraction angle. On the other hand, under the observation condition for observing the image displayed by the diffracted light having a large diffraction angle, the image may appear blurred due to the above-mentioned overlap. Such an image gives the observer an unnatural impression.

  This problem can be solved by, for example, reducing the change in the shape and position of the image according to the change in the illumination or the observation direction. However, in this case, the angle of rotation of the object represented by the moving image becomes small.

  Alternatively, this problem can be solved by narrowing the range of the observation angle at which the rotation of the object can be perceived. However, in this case, even if the observation angle is slightly changed, this direction deviates from the above range. That is, even if the observation angle is slightly changed, the rotation of the object cannot be perceived. Therefore, the display adopting such a structure gives an unnatural impression to the observer.

  The display body is reproduced when the observation angle of the plurality of diffraction images is smaller than the first value and when the observation angle exceeds the second value which is larger than the first value. The image is designed to be darker than the image reproduced when the observation angle is within the range of the first value and the second value. Therefore, for example, when the observation angle is changed from within the range of the first value to the second value to less than the first value or more than the second value, the brightness of the image decreases.

  When the image becomes dark, the brightness of the ghost image also decreases, and the influence of the ghost image on the sharpness of the image becomes small. Further, when the image becomes dark, blurring due to the overlapping of the normal image and the ghost image becomes difficult to be perceived. Therefore, this display body can display a moving image within a relatively wide angle range without giving an unnatural impression to the observer.

  The display body displays the image within a range from a third value where the observation angle is smaller than the first value to a fourth value where the observation angle is larger than the second value, and displays the image between the second value and the first value. The difference is in the range of 25 ° to 35 °, the difference between the first value and the third value is in the range of 5 ° to 15 °, and the difference between the fourth value and the second value is It is preferably in the range of 5 ° to 15 °. When these differences are within the above range, it is possible to achieve a particularly well-balanced effect without giving an unnatural impression to the observer and displaying a moving image within a relatively wide angle range.

In each of the display bodies according to the above aspects, when the observation angle is changed within the first observation angle range, and the observation angle has a lower limit value larger than an upper limit value of the first observation angle range. In each case where the observation angle is changed, the observation angle has a lower limit value larger than the upper limit value of the first observation angle range and an upper limit value smaller than the lower limit value of the second observation angle range. compared to the case of changing in the third viewing angle range with, the ratio of the number of images to be reproduced with respect to a change amount of the viewing angle is not more small.

  When the ratio of the number of reproduced images to the change amount of the observation angle is increased, the change of the image according to the change of the observation angle becomes smooth. On the other hand, if this ratio is made smaller, the smoothness of the change of the image in accordance with the change of the observation angle decreases. However, the brightness of the moving image is darker in the observation angle range in which the ratio is smaller than that in the observation angle range in which the ratio is large. Therefore, in the viewing angle range where this ratio is small, even if the smoothness of the change of the image according to the change of the viewing angle is low, it is unlikely that it gives an unnatural impression to the observer.

  Further, as described above, when the image is darkened, the blurring due to the overlapping of the normal image and the ghost image becomes difficult to be perceived. Similarly, even when the moving image is darkened, the blurring due to the overlap between the normal image and the ghost image becomes difficult to be perceived. Therefore, also in this respect, this display body can display a moving image within a relatively wide angle range without giving an unnatural impression to the observer.

  The difference between the upper limit value and the lower limit value of the first observation angle range is in the range of 25 ° to 35 °, and the difference between the upper limit value and the lower limit value of the second observation angle range is the range of 5 ° to 15 °. It is preferable that the difference between the upper limit value and the lower limit value of the third observation angle range is within the range of 5 ° to 15 °. When these differences are within the above range, it is possible to achieve a particularly well-balanced effect without giving an unnatural impression to the observer and displaying a moving image within a relatively wide angle range.

  According to still another aspect of the present invention, the sub-pixel includes a plurality of pixels each including a plurality of sub-pixels, and emits diffracted light when illuminated with illumination light from a normal direction of the plurality of pixels. The display body according to any one of the above aspects, wherein the two or more sub-pixels emit the diffracted light at different emission angles.

  In the above display body, one or more sub-pixels included in each pixel are a part of an image (image element) to be perceived by the observer when the inclination of the display body with respect to the illumination direction and the observation direction is at an angle. ) Can be used. Then, this display body displays a certain image with a certain sub-pixel group distributed over a plurality of pixels, and displays another image with another sub-pixel group distributed over a plurality of pixels. Can be designed to.

  If pixels are designed so that the same image is perceived by the right eye and the left eye, a plane image is displayed. In addition, if the pixels are designed so that the right eye image and the left eye image corresponding to images obtained by shooting the same object from different angles or different positions are perceived by the right eye and the left eye, respectively, binocular parallax is used. The stereoscopic image is displayed.

  According to still another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a display body according to any one of the above aspects, which is configured to display a full-color image as the plurality of diffraction images.

  It is possible to adopt a configuration for displaying a monochrome image or a configuration for displaying a full-color image as the display body. In order to display a full-color image, for example, a set of red sub-pixels, green sub-pixels, and blue sub-pixels may be arranged in each pixel for each observation angle.

  According to still another aspect of the present invention, a relief structure forming layer having a relief structure on the surface, and a reflective layer coating the surface, the relief structure, the relief structure forming layer and the reflective layer. There is provided a display body according to any one of the above aspects, in which a diffraction grating for reproducing the plurality of diffraction images is formed on an interface or a surface of the reflective layer.

  As a material of the relief structure forming layer, for example, a thermoplastic resin, a thermosetting resin, or an ultraviolet or electron beam curable resin is used. As the thermoplastic resin, for example, acrylic resin, epoxy resin, cellulose resin or vinyl resin is used. As the thermosetting resin, for example, urethane resin, melamine resin or phenol resin obtained by adding polyisocyanate as a crosslinking agent to acrylic polyol or polyester polyol having a reactive hydroxyl group to crosslink is used. As the ultraviolet or electron beam curable resin, for example, an acrylic resin can be used. As the acrylic resin, for example, epoxy acrylic, epoxy methacrylic, urethane acrylate or urethane methacrylate is used.

  The relief structure forming layer can be formed, for example, by the following method. For example, a stamper provided with a relief structure is pressed against the thermoplastic resin layer while applying heat, and then the stamper is removed from the thermoplastic resin layer. Alternatively, a coating film made of an ultraviolet curable resin is formed, and while the stamper is pressed against this, ultraviolet rays are irradiated to cure the ultraviolet curable resin, and then the stamper is removed from the coating film. Alternatively, a coating film made of a thermosetting resin is formed, and the stamper is pressed against this to heat the resin so as to cure the thermosetting resin, and then the stamper is removed from the coating film. The thickness of the relief structure forming layer can be, for example, 1 μm or more and 25 μm or less.

  As the reflective layer, for example, a metal layer made of a metal material such as aluminum, silver, gold, or an alloy thereof can be used. Alternatively, a dielectric layer having a refractive index different from that of the relief structure forming layer may be used as the reflective layer. Alternatively, as the reflection layer, a laminated body of dielectric layers having different refractive indexes from each other, that is, a dielectric multilayer film may be used. The dielectric layer included in the dielectric multilayer film preferably has a refractive index different from that of the relief structure forming layer in contact with the relief structure forming layer. The reflective layer can be formed by a vapor deposition method such as a vacuum evaporation method and a sputtering method. An inorganic compound or an organic compound can be used for the dielectric layer or the dielectric multilayer film.

  Examples of the inorganic compound include oxides, sulfides, and nitrides. As the oxide, for example, metal oxide or silicon oxide (SiO) can be used. As the nitride, for example, metal nitride can be used. As the sulfide, for example, a metal sulfide can be used. As the metal oxide, for example, titanium oxide (TiO), zinc oxide (ZnO), or alumina can be used. As the sulfide, for example, zinc sulfide (ZnS) or aluminum sulfide (AlS) can be used. As the nitride, for example, calcium nitride (CaN) can be used.

  The reflection layer covers a part or all of the relief structure surface, which is the main surface on which the relief structure is formed, of the two main surfaces of the relief structure formation layer. When the reflective layer covers a part of the relief structure surface, a pattern corresponding to the contour shape of the reflective layer can be displayed. The pattern displayed by the contour of the reflective layer can be related to the pattern displayed by the relief structure.

  A reflection protection layer may be provided on the surface of the reflection layer opposite to the relief structure surface side. The reflection protection layer is formed as a partially opened layer, and the reflection protection layer is used as an etching mask to selectively etch a portion of the reflection layer which is not covered with the reflection protection layer, thereby forming a relief structure surface. It is possible to obtain a reflective layer that partially covers.

For the reflection protection layer, for example, an inorganic compound, a polymer, or a combination thereof can be used. As the inorganic compound, for example, an oxide or a nitride can be used. The oxide is, for example, silicon oxide (SiO) or alumina, and the nitride is, for example, calcium nitride (CaN), titanium nitride (TiN) or aluminum nitride (AlN). The polymer is, for example, urethane resin or acrylic resin.
The thickness of the reflective layer can be, for example, 10 nm or more and 500 nm or less.

  According to still another aspect of the present invention, there is provided the display according to any one of the above aspects, in which the pitch of the ridges or grooves forming the diffraction grating is in the range of 500 nm to 2000 nm.

  According to still another aspect of the present invention, each of the plurality of pixels has a vertical dimension and a horizontal dimension in a range of 10 μm to 200 μm, and preferably in a range of 50 μm to 100 μm. A display body according to any one of the above is provided. Here, the “vertical direction” is the vertical direction of the image displayed by the display body. The “lateral direction” is the left-right direction of the image displayed by the display body.

According to still another aspect of the present invention, each of the sub-pixels has a vertical dimension of 0.5 μm to 50 μm, a horizontal dimension of 50 μm to 0.5 μm, and an area of 10 μm ^{2 to} 100 μm. There is provided a display body according to any one of the above aspects within the range of ² .

  When performing color display, each of the plurality of pixels is, as each of the sub-pixels, a sub-pixel that displays red at a specific angle (sub-pixel R) and a sub-pixel that displays green at the previous specific angle. (Sub-pixel G), and a sub-pixel (sub-pixel B) that displays blue at a specific angle described above can be included. The size range of the sub-pixel R, the sub-pixel G, and the sub-pixel B is the same as the size range of the sub-pixel described above.

  According to still another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a transfer foil including a transfer material layer including the display according to any one of the above aspects and a support that releasably supports the transfer material layer.

  According to an example, the transfer material layer includes a transfer portion and a non-transfer portion that are adjacent to each other. The transfer part is a part of the transfer material layer that is transferred to the article, and includes the above-mentioned display body. The non-transfer portion is a portion of the transfer material layer that remains without being transferred to the article. The non-transfer section has the same layer structure as the transfer section.

  The support is, for example, a resin film or sheet. The support is made of a material having excellent heat resistance such as polyethylene terephthalate. A release layer containing, for example, a fluororesin or a silicone resin may be provided on the main surface of the support which supports the transfer material layer. The thickness of the support can be 4 μm or more and 50 μm or less.

According to still another aspect of the present invention, there is provided the transfer foil according to the above aspect, wherein the transfer material layer further includes a peeling protection layer interposed between the display and the support.
The peeling protection layer plays a role of facilitating the peeling of the transfer portion from the support and protecting the peeled transfer portion, that is, the surface of the display member from damage and deterioration. The peeling protection layer has, for example, light transmittance. The peeling protection layer is made of resin, for example. The resin forming the peeling protection layer is, for example, an ultraviolet curable resin, a thermosetting resin, or a thermoplastic resin. For this resin, for example, an acrylic resin can be used. The thickness of the peeling protection layer can be, for example, 0.5 μm or more and 5 μm or less.

  According to still another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a transfer foil further including an adhesive layer covering the transfer material layer.

  The adhesive layer is made of, for example, a thermoplastic resin. Examples of the thermoplastic resin include polyethylene resin, polyester resin, acrylic resin, and olefin resin. The thickness of the adhesive layer can be, for example, 0.5 μm or more and 20 μm or less.

  According to still another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an adhesive label including the display according to any of the above aspects and an adhesive layer provided on one main surface of the display.

  The adhesive layer is made of an adhesive such as a pressure sensitive adhesive. As the pressure-sensitive adhesive, for example, a vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, a polyester-based polyamide, or an acrylic-based, butyl rubber-based, natural rubber-based, silicone-based or polyisobutyl-based pressure-sensitive adhesive is used.

  The pressure-sensitive adhesive may further contain an additive. Examples of the additive include aggregating components such as alkyl methacrylate, vinyl ester, acrylonitrile, styrene and vinyl monomer; modifying components such as unsaturated carboxylic acid, hydroxy group-containing monomer and acrylonitrile; polymerization initiators; plasticizers; A curing agent; a curing accelerator; an antioxidant; or a mixture containing two or more thereof is used.

  According to still another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an article with a display body including the display body according to any one of the above aspects and an article supporting the display body.

  The article may support the display in any way. For example, the display body may be attached to the surface of the article or may be embedded in the article.

  According to still another aspect of the present invention, there is provided the display-equipped article according to the above aspect, wherein the article includes plastic, metal, paper, or a composite thereof.

  According to still another aspect of the present invention, the article includes paper, the display body is rubbed into the paper, and the paper body is a display body according to any one of the side surfaces that is open at the position of the display body. An article is provided.

  According to still another aspect of the present invention, the display-equipped article is a package in which personal authentication media such as banknotes, securities, certificates, credit cards, passports and ID (identification) cards, and contents are packaged. An article with a display body according to any one of the above aspects is provided.

  According to yet another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a stamper used for manufacturing the display body according to any of the above aspects.

According to still another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a stamper manufacturing method according to the above aspect , wherein each of a plurality of image data obtained by photographing an object while changing a photographing angle, and the photographing angle of 0 or more. Associating an observation angle obtained by multiplying by a coefficient that is large and less than 1, generating a drawing pattern from the plurality of image data associated with the observation angle, and forming a resist film according to the drawing pattern. There is provided a method of manufacturing a stamper, which comprises:

1 is a plan view schematically showing a display body according to a first embodiment of the present invention. The top view which expands and shows a part of display body of FIG. The top view which expands and shows an example of the pixel which the display body of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 contains. Sectional drawing which shows some display bodies shown in FIG.1 and FIG.2 schematically. 3 is a flowchart showing an example of a method of manufacturing a stamper that can be used to manufacture the display body shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. The perspective view which shows an example of a photography method roughly. FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a state where an observer is observing the display bodies shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. The top view which shows roughly an example of the pixel which the display body which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention contains. The figure which shows an example of the image which the display body which employ | adopted the structure of FIG. 8 for a pixel displays when it observes from the front. The figure which shows an example of the image which the display body which employ | adopted the structure of FIG. 8 for a pixel displays when it observes from the right diagonal direction. The figure which shows an example of the image which the display body which employ | adopted the structure of FIG. 8 for a pixel displays when it observes at a deeper angle from the right diagonal direction. The figure which shows an example of the image which the display body which employ | adopted the structure of FIG. 8 for a pixel displays when it observes from the left diagonal direction. The figure which shows an example of the image which the display body which employ | adopted the structure of FIG. 8 for a pixel displays when it observes at a deeper angle from the diagonal left direction. Sectional drawing which shows schematically the transfer foil which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. Sectional drawing which shows the adhesive label which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention roughly. 1 is a plan view schematically showing an article with a display body according to an embodiment of the present invention.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. The embodiments described below are more specific ones of the above aspects. It should be noted that elements having similar or similar functions are designated by the same reference numerals, and overlapping description will be omitted.

<Display body>
First, the display body according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described.

[First Embodiment]
FIG. 1 is a plan view schematically showing a display body according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a plan view showing a part of the display body of FIG. 1 in an enlarged manner. FIG. 3 is an enlarged plan view showing an example of a pixel included in the display body of FIGS. 1 and 2. FIG. 4 is a sectional view schematically showing a part of the display body shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.

  The cross section shown in FIG. 4 is a cross section taken along line IV-IV of the structure shown in FIG. 1 to 4, the X direction and the Y direction are directions parallel to the main surface of the display body 1 and orthogonal to each other. Here, the X direction and the Y direction are the horizontal direction and the vertical direction of the display body 1, respectively. The Z direction is a direction perpendicular to the X direction and the Y direction, and is the thickness direction of the display body 1.

  The display 1 shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 4 includes a relief structure forming layer 11 and a reflective layer 12, as shown in FIG. In this display body 1, the relief structure forming layer 11 side is the front surface facing the observer, and the reflecting layer 12 side is the back surface. In this display body 1, the reflective layer 12 side may be the front surface facing the viewer, and the relief structure forming layer 11 side may be the back surface. In any case, the reflective layer 12 is installed so as to be in contact with the relief surface of the relief structure forming layer 11.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the display 1 includes a plurality of pixels PX arranged in directions intersecting with each other. Here, the pixels PX are arranged in the X direction and the Y direction. The array direction of at least one of the pixels PX may be oblique with respect to the X direction and the Y direction.

  Each pixel PX includes a plurality of sub-pixels. In each pixel PX, the plurality of sub-pixels included therein correspond to the image elements of the plurality of diffraction images that are sequentially reproduced by changing the observation angle. That is, one of the sub-pixels included in a certain pixel PX corresponds to one of the image elements included in one of the plurality of diffraction images. Then, the other one of the sub-pixels included in the preceding pixel PX has the same position as the preceding one image element among the image elements included in the other one of the plurality of diffraction images. It corresponds.

  Each of the sub-pixels does not emit diffracted light or emits diffracted light when illuminated with illumination light from the normal direction. Sub-pixels that do not emit diffracted light do not include a diffraction grating. On the other hand, the sub-pixel that emits the diffracted light includes the diffraction grating DG.

  In the sub-pixel including the diffraction grating DG, the area ratio of the diffraction grating DG occupied in the sub-pixel may be constant or different between the sub-pixels. According to the latter structure, gradation display is possible.

  The diffraction grating DG is a relief type diffraction grating including a plurality of ridges or grooves PR arranged in the width direction. When one pixel PX includes two or more sub-pixels that emit diffracted light, the sub-pixels are slightly different in the length direction of the ridge or groove PR of the diffraction grating DG.

  In the example shown in FIG. 3, the sub-pixels included in each pixel PX extend in the Y direction and are arranged in the X direction. Further, in the pixel PX shown in FIG. 3, all the sub-pixels forming the pixel PX include the diffraction grating DG. Other shapes and other arrangements may be adopted for these sub-pixels.

Next, a method of manufacturing the display body 1 will be described.
FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing an example of a method of manufacturing a stamper that can be used for manufacturing the display body shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. FIG. 6 is a perspective view schematically showing an example of a shooting method.

When manufacturing the display body 1, first, image data is acquired by the following method.
That is, as shown in FIG. 6, an object SB as a subject is prepared. Here, the object SB is a person.

  Next, the object SB is continuously photographed by the digital camera CM while changing the photographing angle θ from the angle θ1 to the angle θ2 with a straight line passing through the object SB or the vicinity thereof, for example, a vertical line as a rotation axis (step S1). In this way, image data is acquired for each observation angle. Here, the image data is image data including a face image of a person.

Next, the following processing is performed by a computer (not shown).
First, the observation angle φ obtained by multiplying the photographing angle θ by the coefficient A is calculated. Then, the image data and the observation angle φ are associated with each other. For example, the observation angle φ is added to each image data (step S2).

  Here, the coefficient A is a numerical value greater than 0 and less than 1. The coefficient A is a coefficient for converting the moving image data corresponding to the range of the photographing angle θ into the moving image data in the range of the observation angle φ narrower than this. The coefficient A is preferably in the range of 0.62 to 0.72.

  Next, a drawing pattern is generated from these image data (step S3). For example, first, with respect to a certain image data, whether or not it is necessary to form the diffraction grating DG in the sub-pixel corresponding to the observation angle φ associated with the image data is determined for each pixel PX. Then, a drawing pattern for forming the diffraction grating DG corresponding to the observation angle φ is generated for the sub-pixel which is determined to be required to form the diffraction grating DG. The same process is performed for other image data. In this way, drawing patterns are generated for all observation angles φ. In the diffraction grating DG corresponding to a certain observation angle φ, the plane parallel to the length direction of the ridge or groove PR is perpendicular to the observation direction.

  Next, a photosensitive resist material is applied on a substrate having a smooth surface, for example, a glass substrate to form a resist film having a uniform thickness. The photosensitive resist material may be either a positive type or a negative type.

  Next, electron beam drawing is performed on the resist film according to the drawing pattern described above (step S4). Then, the resist film is developed to obtain a resist pattern (step S5). When the photosensitive resist material is a positive type, the portion of the resist film irradiated with the electron beam is solubilized in the developing solution. Alternatively, when the photosensitive resist material is a negative type, the portion of the resist film irradiated with the electron beam becomes insoluble in the developing solution.

  Next, using the structure thus obtained as an original plate, a metal stamper is prepared by a method such as electroforming (step S6). When manufacturing a stamper by electroforming, for example, first, a metal thin film is formed on the surface of an original plate by a vapor deposition method such as sputtering and vacuum deposition. Then, the original plate is immersed in the plating solution, and current is applied in this state to cause metal ions in the plating solution to be electrodeposited on the original plate. Then, the stamper is obtained by removing the original plate from the metal structure thus obtained. By utilizing electrodeposition, the relief structure provided on the surface of the original plate can be accurately reproduced.

  Next, the relief structure forming layer 11 shown in FIG. 4 is formed. The relief structure forming layer 11 is formed on a base material made of, for example, polycarbonate or polyester.

  The relief structure forming layer 11 can be formed by the following method, for example. For example, the stamper provided with the relief structure is pressed against the thermoplastic resin layer while applying heat, and then the stamper is removed from the thermoplastic resin layer. Alternatively, a coating film made of an ultraviolet curable resin is formed, and while the stamper is pressed against this, radiation such as ultraviolet rays is applied to cure the ultraviolet curable resin, and then the stamper is removed from the coating film. Alternatively, a coating film made of a thermosetting resin is formed, and the stamper is pressed against this to heat the resin so as to cure the thermosetting resin, and then the stamper is removed from the coating film.

Next, the reflective layer 12 is formed on the surface of the relief structure forming layer 11 on which the relief structure is provided. The reflective layer 12 can be formed by a vapor deposition method such as a vacuum vapor deposition method and a sputtering method. A part of the film obtained by the vapor deposition method may be removed by etching or the like.
As described above, the display body 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is obtained.

The display 1 has the optical effect described below.
FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing a state where an observer is observing the display bodies shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. In FIG. 7, reference numeral OB represents an observer.

  The display body 1 sequentially reproduces a plurality of images obtained by photographing the object SB while changing the photographing angle θ by changing the observation angle φ as diffraction images. The angle θ ′ of rotation of the object SB represented by this moving image is equal to the difference between the angle θ2 and the angle θ1.

  As described above, the observation angle φ is equal to the value obtained by multiplying the photographing angle θ by the coefficient A. Therefore, the range of the observation angle φ that causes the rotation is the angle range from the angle φ1 (= θ1 × A) to the angle φ2 (= θ2 × A).

  The difference (θ2-θ1) × A between the angle φ2 and the angle φ1 is smaller than the rotational angle magnitude θ2-θ1 of the object SB represented by the previous moving image. That is, in the display 1, the magnitude of the rotation angle θ ′ of the object SB represented by the moving image is larger than the magnitude of the change in the observation angle φ. Therefore, even if the change in the observation angle φ is small, the object SB can rotate largely in the moving image. Therefore, the moving image displayed by the display 1 can give a strong impression to the observer. For example, the observer has the impression that this video changes dynamically.

[Second Embodiment]
The display body according to the second embodiment is the same as the display body according to the first embodiment, except that the structure described below is adopted for the pixel PX.

  FIG. 8 is a plan view schematically showing an example of a pixel included in the display body according to the second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of an image displayed by a display body that adopts the structure of FIG. 8 for pixels when observed from the front. FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of an image displayed by a display body that employs the structure shown in FIG. 8 for pixels when observed from the right oblique direction. FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of an image displayed by a display body that employs the structure shown in FIG. 8 for pixels when observed at a deeper angle from the right diagonal direction. FIG. 12 is a diagram showing an example of an image displayed by a display body that employs the structure shown in FIG. 8 for pixels when observed from the left oblique direction. FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of an image displayed by a display body that adopts the structure of FIG. 8 for pixels, when observed at a deeper angle from the left oblique direction.

  The pixel PX shown in FIG. 8 includes a region RA for wide range display and a region RB for narrow range display.

  The wide area display region RA includes a plurality of first sub-pixels. These first sub-pixels correspond to the sub-pixels in the first embodiment. Similar to the set of pixels PX in the first embodiment, the set of regions RA is an observation angle range β (<α where an image acquired by performing shooting while changing the shooting angle θ over the shooting angle range α. By changing the observation angle φ in (), the diffraction images are sequentially reproduced.

  The narrow range display region RB includes a plurality of second sub-pixels. These second sub-pixels correspond to the sub-pixels for sequentially displaying diffraction images when the observation angle φ is changed within the third observation angle range β3 among the sub-pixels in the first embodiment. The set of regions RB changes the observation angle φ within the third observation angle range β3 (<α3) of the image acquired by performing the photographing while changing the photography angle θ over the third imaging angle range α3. Thus, the diffraction images are sequentially reproduced.

  In this way, the wide area display region RA contributes to the display over the entire observation angle range β. On the other hand, the narrow range display region RB contributes to the display only in the third observation angle range β3. That is, in this display body, in the first observation angle range β1 and the second observation angle range β2, only the wide-range display region RA contributes to the display, and in the third observation angle range β3, the wide-range display region RA and Both the narrow range display region RB contributes to the display.

  In the second embodiment, when one of the first sub-pixels that contributes to the display only in the third observation angle range β3 and the second sub-pixel are illuminated with illumination light from the normal direction, they are diffracted in the same direction. Design to emit light. If such a design is adopted, the diffraction image reproduced by the display body within the third observation angle range β3 is compared with the diffraction image reproduced by the display body within the first observation angle range β1 and the second observation angle range β2. And become brighter. That is, when the above-mentioned design is adopted, an image reproduced when the observation angle φ is smaller than the first value φ1 among the diffraction images reproduced by the display body and the image reproduced when the observation angle φ is compared with the first value φ1. The image reproduced when it exceeds the large second value φ2 is darker than the image reproduced when the observation angle φ is in the range of the first value φ1 to the second value φ2. Therefore, a display body adopting this design can display an image when the observation angle φ is changed from within the range of the first value φ1 to the second value φ2 to below the first value φ1 or above the second value φ2. Brightness decreases.

  For example, when the observation angle φ is set between the first value φ1 and the second value φ2, the display body displays the image I3 shown in FIG. When the observation angle φ is brought closer to the first value φ1 from this state, the image displayed by the display body changes from the image I3 shown in FIG. 9 to the image I1a shown in FIG. That is, in the image displayed by the display body, the object SB rotates clockwise without changing the brightness. When the observation angle φ is further reduced to be less than the first value φ1, the image displayed by the display body changes from the image I1a shown in FIG. 10 to the image I1b shown in FIG. 11. That is, in the image displayed by the display body, the brightness decreases as the object SB further rotates in the clockwise direction.

  Further, when the observation angle φ is brought close to the second value φ2 from the state in which the observation angle φ is between the first value φ1 and the second value φ2, the images displayed by the display body are shown in the images I3 to 12 in FIG. It changes to the image I2a. That is, in the image displayed by the display body, the object SB rotates counterclockwise without changing the brightness. When the observation angle φ is further increased to exceed the second value φ2, the image displayed by the display changes from the image I2a shown in FIG. 12 to the image I2b shown in FIG. That is, in the image displayed by the display body, the brightness decreases as the object SB further rotates counterclockwise.

  When the image becomes dark, the brightness of the ghost image also decreases, and the influence of the ghost image on the sharpness of the image becomes small. Further, when the image becomes dark, blurring due to the overlapping of the normal image and the ghost image becomes difficult to be perceived. Therefore, this display body can display a moving image within a relatively wide angle range without giving an unnatural impression to the observer.

  Further, in the display body, as in the display body 1 according to the first embodiment, the object SB can rotate largely in the moving image even if the change in the observation angle φ is small. Therefore, the moving image displayed by this display body can give a strong impression to the observer. For example, the observer has the impression that this video changes dynamically.

[Third Embodiment]
The display body according to the third embodiment is the same as the display body according to the second embodiment, except that the structure described below is adopted for the pixel PX.

  In the second embodiment, when one of the first sub-pixels that contributes to the display only in the third observation angle range β3 and the second sub-pixel are illuminated with illumination light from the normal direction, they are diffracted in the same direction. It is designed to emit light. On the other hand, in the third embodiment, among the first sub-pixels, those that contribute to the display only in the third observation angle range β3 and the second sub-pixels when illuminated with illumination light from the normal direction, Design to emit diffracted light in different directions.

  When this design is adopted, in each of the cases where the observation angle φ is changed within the first observation angle range β1 and the second observation angle range β2, the observation angle φ is changed within the third observation angle range β3 therebetween. The ratio of the number of reproduced diffraction images to the amount of change in the observation angle φ is smaller than that in the case where the observation angle φ is changed.

  When the ratio of the number of reproduced images to the change amount of the observation angle φ is increased, the change of the image according to the change of the observation angle φ becomes smooth. On the other hand, if this ratio is made smaller, the smoothness of the change of the image in accordance with the change of the observation angle φ decreases. However, the brightness of the moving image is darker in the first observation angle range β1 and the second observation angle range β2 in which the ratio is smaller than in the third observation angle range β3 in which the ratio is large. Therefore, in the first observation angle range β1 and the second observation angle range β2 where this ratio is small, even if the smoothness of the change of the image according to the change of the observation angle is low, it gives an unnatural impression to the observer. The possibility of giving is small.

  Further, when the moving image is darkened, the blurring due to the overlapping of the normal image and the ghost image becomes difficult to be perceived. Therefore, also in this respect, the display body adopting this design can display a moving image within a relatively wide angle range without giving an unnatural impression to the observer.

  Also, with this display body, as with the display body 1 according to the first embodiment, even if the change in the observation angle φ is small, the object SB can rotate greatly in the moving image. Therefore, the moving image displayed by this display body can give a strong impression to the observer. For example, the observer has the impression that this video changes dynamically.

<Transfer foil>
Next, the transfer foil according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 14 is a sectional view schematically showing a transfer foil according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The transfer foil 2 shown in FIG. 14 includes a support 21, a transfer material layer 22, and an adhesive layer 23.
The support 21 supports the transfer material layer 22 in a peelable manner.
The adhesive layer 23 covers the transfer material layer 22.

  The transfer material layer 22 includes a relief structure forming layer 221, a reflection layer 222, and a peeling protection layer 223. The peeling protection layer 223, the relief structure forming layer 221, and the reflection layer 222 are laminated on the support 21 in this order.

The transfer material layer 22 includes a transfer portion TP1 and a non-transfer portion TP2 that are adjacent to each other.
The transfer part TP1 is a part of the transfer material layer 22 that is transferred to an article, and includes any one of the display bodies described in the first to third embodiments. The non-transfer portion TP2 is a portion of the transfer material layer 22 that remains without being transferred to the article.

<Adhesive label>
Next, an adhesive label according to one embodiment of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 15 is a sectional view schematically showing an adhesive label according to an embodiment of the present invention.

  The adhesive label 3 shown in FIG. 15 includes a base material 31, a display body 1, and an adhesive layer 32. In addition, in FIG. 15, reference numeral 4 represents a mount.

  The base material 31 is, for example, a transparent resin film. The base material 31 supports the display body 1 on one main surface thereof. Here, the display body 1 is any of the display bodies described in the first to third embodiments.

  The adhesive layer 32 is provided on one main surface of the display body 1. The adhesive layer 32 faces the base material 31 with the display body 1 interposed therebetween. The adhesive layer 32 is protected by the mount 4 until just before the adhesive label 3 is used.

<Article with display>
Next, an article with a display body according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 16: is a top view which shows schematically the article with a display body which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention.

  The display-equipped article 5 shown in FIG. 16 is a printed matter. Examples of the display-equipped article 5 include gift certificates, securities, banknotes, ID (identification) cards, and passports.

The article 5 with a display body includes the display body 1 and an article 51 supporting the display body 1.
The article 51 includes a printing base material 52 such as paper and a printing layer 53 provided on the printing base material 52. As the printing base material 52, for example, a paper base material, a transparent resin base material, or an opaque resin base material can be used.

  The display body 1 is any of the display bodies described in the first to third embodiments. The display body 1 is supported by the article 51 by being attached to the surface of the article 51 or embedded in the article 51, for example. According to one example, the display 1 is attached to the article 51 using an adhesive label or a transfer foil.

  When the article 51 is transparent, the display 1 may be embedded in the article 51. Such a structure can be obtained, for example, by sandwiching the display body 1 between a plurality of transparent resin base materials and laminating the transparent resin base materials.

  When the article 51 is opaque, as in the case where a paper substrate or an opaque resin substrate is used as the printing substrate 52, the above structure can be obtained by the following method, for example. First, the display body 1 is sandwiched between a plurality of paper base materials or opaque resin base materials to integrate them. Next, a window is provided in a portion of the base material corresponding to one or more display bodies 1 so that the display body 1 can be viewed.

The print layer 53 of the article 51 may display a print image created by using an image that is a source of the image displayed by the display body 1. In this case, since the print image and the image displayed by the display body 1 correspond to each other, even if one of the print image and the display body 1 is illegally exchanged or rewritten, a fraudulent act is performed. Can be detected. According to an example, the same image of an animal or a person is used as the print image and the original image displayed by the display 1.
The inventions described in the original claims will be additionally described below.
[1]
A plurality of images obtained by photographing an object while changing the photographing angle is a display body recorded as a plurality of diffraction images that are sequentially reproduced by changing the observation angle. A display body having a larger angle of rotation of the object, which is represented by sequentially reproducing a plurality of diffraction images with respect to the size.
[2]
Item 2. The display unit according to Item 1, wherein a ratio of a size of a rotation angle of the object to a size of a change in the observation angle is in a range of 1.4 to 1.6.
[3]
Among the plurality of diffraction images, an image reproduced when the observation angle is smaller than a first value, and an image reproduced when the observation angle exceeds a second value larger than the first value. The display body according to Item 1 or 2, which is darker than an image reproduced when the observation angle is within the range of the first value to the second value.
[4]
When the observation angle is changed within the first observation angle range, and when the observation angle is changed within the second observation angle range having a lower limit value larger than the upper limit value of the first observation angle range In each case, the observation angle is changed within a third observation angle range having a lower limit value larger than the upper limit value of the first observation angle range and an upper limit value smaller than the lower limit value of the second observation angle range. Item 4. The display unit according to any one of Items 1 to 3, wherein the ratio of the number of reproduced images to the amount of change in the observation angle is smaller than that in the case.
[5]
A relief structure forming layer having a relief structure on the surface, and a reflective layer coating the surface, the relief structure, the interface between the relief structure forming layer and the reflective layer or the surface of the reflective layer, the Item 5. The display member according to any one of Items 1 to 4, wherein a diffraction grating for reproducing a plurality of diffraction images is formed.
[6]
Item 6. A transfer foil comprising a transfer material layer including the display according to any one of items 1 to 5 and a support that releasably supports the transfer material layer.
[7]
Item 7. An adhesive label comprising the display according to any one of items 1 to 5 and an adhesive layer provided on one main surface of the display.
[8]
Item 7. An article with a display body, comprising the display body according to any one of items 1 to 5 and an article supporting the display body.
[9]
A stamper used for manufacturing the display according to item 5.
[10]
Associating each of a plurality of image data obtained by photographing an object while changing a photographing angle with an observation angle obtained by multiplying the photographing angle by a coefficient greater than 0 and less than 1.
Generating a drawing pattern from the plurality of image data each associated with the observation angle;
Electron beam drawing on the resist film according to the drawing pattern to obtain a resist pattern;
A method of manufacturing a stamper including.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Display body, 2 ... Transfer foil, 3 ... Adhesive label, 4 ... Backing paper, 5 ... Article with a display body, 11 ... Relief structure forming layer, 12 ... Reflective layer, 21 ... Support body, 22 ... Transfer material layer, 23 Adhesive layer, 31 ... Base material, 32 ... Adhesive layer, 51 ... Article, 52 ... Printing base material, 53 ... Printing layer, 221 ... Relief structure forming layer, 222 ... Reflective layer, 223 ... Peeling protection layer, CM ... Digital Camera, DG ... Diffraction grating, PR ... Ridge or groove, PX ... Pixel, RA ... Wide area display area, RB ... Narrow range display area, SB ... Object, TP1 ... Transfer portion, TP2 ... Non-transfer portion.

Claims (9)

A plurality of images obtained by photographing the object while changing the photographing angle is a display body recorded as a plurality of diffraction images that are sequentially reproduced by changing the observation angle,
The relative size of the viewing angle changes, the magnitude of the angle of rotation of the object in which a plurality of diffraction images is represented by reproduced successively more rather large,
When the observation angle is changed within the first observation angle range, and when the observation angle is changed within the second observation angle range having a lower limit value larger than the upper limit value of the first observation angle range In each case, the observation angle is changed within a third observation angle range having a lower limit value larger than the upper limit value of the first observation angle range and an upper limit value smaller than the lower limit value of the second observation angle range. A display body in which the ratio of the number of reproduced images to the amount of change in the viewing angle is smaller than that in the case where   The display according to claim 1, wherein a ratio of a size of a rotation angle of the object to a size of a change in the observation angle is within a range of 1.4 to 1.6.   Among the plurality of diffraction images, an image reproduced when the observation angle is smaller than a first value, and an image reproduced when the observation angle exceeds a second value larger than the first value. The display body according to claim 1 or 2, wherein is darker than an image reproduced when the observation angle is in the range of the first value to the second value. A relief structure forming layer having a relief structure on the surface, and a reflective layer coating the surface, the relief structure, the interface between the relief structure forming layer and the reflective layer or the surface of the reflective layer, the The display according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein a diffraction grating for reproducing a plurality of diffraction images is formed. A transfer foil comprising a transfer material layer containing the display according to any one of claims 1 to 4 , and a support that releasably supports the transfer material layer. An adhesive label comprising the display according to any one of claims 1 to 4 and an adhesive layer provided on one main surface of the display. An article with a display body, comprising the display body according to any one of claims 1 to 4 and an article supporting the display body. A stamper used for manufacturing the display body according to claim 4 . A method for manufacturing a stamper according to claim 8, wherein
Associating each of a plurality of image data obtained by photographing an object while changing a photographing angle with an observation angle obtained by multiplying the photographing angle by a coefficient greater than 0 and less than 1.
Generating a drawing pattern from the plurality of image data each associated with the observation angle;
A method of manufacturing a stamper, comprising: performing electron beam drawing on a resist film according to the drawing pattern to obtain a resist pattern.