JP6693714B2 - Method of dismantling structures - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for disassembling a structure.

  As a method of disassembling a structure in which concrete members are combined, conventionally, a method is known in which a cutting surface is formed by cutting a concrete member with a concrete cutter, and the cut concrete member is removed with a lifting device. ing. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a technique of cutting a concrete slab with a concrete cutter.

JP, 2013-104220, A

  In the disassembling method shown in Patent Document 1, the slab, which is a concrete member, is obliquely cut to maintain the posture of the concrete member after cutting and prevent the concrete member from falling. However, in the dismantling method, it is essential to insert another member such as a wedge into the cut surface after cutting with the concrete cutter. Therefore, it has been required to easily maintain the posture of the concrete member after cutting.

  The present invention has been made to solve such a problem, and an object thereof is to provide a method for disassembling a structure that can easily maintain the posture of a concrete member after cutting.

  A structure dismantling method according to the present invention is a structure dismantling method of dismantling a structure in which a plurality of concrete members are combined, and includes a cutting step of cutting the concrete member by irradiating a laser from a laser device. In the cutting step, the laser device cuts the concrete member obliquely upward and forms a non-cut portion in a partial region of the cut surface.

  The method for disassembling a structure according to the present invention includes a cutting step of cutting a concrete member constituting the structure by irradiating a laser from a laser device. In this cutting step, the laser device cuts the concrete member obliquely upward. Thereby, a diagonal cut surface can be formed, and the concrete member after cutting can be supported by the diagonal cut surface to maintain the posture. In addition, in the cutting step, the laser device forms a non-cut portion in a partial region of the cut surface. By supporting the gap of the cut surface with such a non-cutting portion, it is possible to prevent the gap of the cut surface from being obstructed and obstructing the cutting when diagonally cutting the concrete member, and the cutting is easily performed. be able to. Further, when a laser is used, the non-cutting portion can be easily formed on the cut surface as compared with other cutting methods. As described above, the posture of the concrete member after cutting can be easily maintained.

  Further, in the method for disassembling a structure according to the present invention, the cut surface may be curved obliquely upward. According to such a method, the posture of the concrete member after cutting can be made more stable as compared with the cutting surface that extends straight and obliquely.

  Further, in the structure disassembling method according to the present invention, the concrete member includes a pillar, in the cutting step, the laser device cuts diagonally upward from one side surface of the pillar toward the center side, Cut diagonally upward from the other side surface toward the center side. According to such a method, the cut surfaces extending obliquely upward from the side surfaces on both sides of the pillar toward the center side are formed. These cutting surfaces can support the post-cutting pillar and maintain its posture.

  According to the present invention, the posture of the concrete member after cutting can be easily maintained.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a cutting method using a laser device in a structure disassembling method according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view showing an example of a structure disassembled by the structure disassembling method according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the shape of the cut surface of each concrete member. FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing a non-cut portion of a cut surface of each concrete member.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In the drawings, the same or equivalent elements will be denoted by the same reference symbols, without redundant description.

  FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a cutting method using a laser device in a structure disassembling method according to an embodiment of the present invention. The laser device 1 includes a laser head 2 that irradiates the concrete member 11 of the structure 10 with a laser, a laser oscillator 3 that oscillates the laser, and a transportation path 4 that transports the laser oscillated by the laser oscillator 3 to the laser head 2. The blower 6 blows off the dross DR generated by laser irradiation with air. As shown in FIG. 1B, when the concrete member 11 is irradiated with a laser and cut, a dross DR is generated in which the melted substance adheres to the lower portion of the material as a melt. In the laser device 1, the laser head 2 and the hose of the blower 6 are connected to each other, and the irradiation port of the laser head 2 and the injection port of the blower 6 are provided side by side. As a result, the laser device 1 can irradiate the laser with the laser head 2 to cut the concrete member 11 and proceed with cutting while blowing off the generated dross DR.

  In the cutting step, the laser device 1 cuts the concrete member 11 obliquely upward. The cutting surface 12 of the laser device 1 is curved obliquely upward. In the present specification, the state in which the cut surface 12 is inclined includes not only the state in which the cut surface 12 extends straight in the oblique direction but also the state in which the cut surface 12 has a component directed in the oblique direction. The curved state is also included in the slanted state. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 1A, at the start of cutting, the irradiation angle D1 with respect to the concrete member 11 is set to be horizontal (or an angle close to horizontal). The concrete member 11 is cut by reciprocating the irradiation position of the laser in the lateral direction with the irradiation angle D1 set. When the cutting at the irradiation angle D1 progresses and the laser head 2 enters the concrete member 11 by a predetermined amount, the irradiation angle D1 is increased to the irradiation angle D2, and the cutting of the concrete member 11 is advanced. At this time, in the cutting surface 12, a space is formed below the laser head 2. The dross DR blown off by the blower 6 flows through the space on the lower side and is discharged from the inlet of the cut surface 12. This enables laser irradiation to a deeper position. As the laser head 2 enters the concrete member 11 as the cutting progresses, the cutting is performed while gradually increasing the irradiation angle from D3 to D7. As described above, the cut surface 12 has a shape that curves obliquely upward. Note that the “curve” here does not have to be a completely smooth curved surface, and as long as it is curved so as to draw an arc as a whole shape by connecting a plurality of planes with gradually increasing inclination angles. Good.

  Further, in the cutting step, the laser device 1 forms the non-cutting portion 13 in a part of the cut surface 12 (see FIGS. 1A and 4). The non-cutting portion 13 has a function of connecting and supporting the lower concrete member 11 and the upper concrete member 11 of the cut surface 12. Therefore, even if the cutting proceeds, it is possible to prevent the concrete member 11 above the cutting surface 12 from sliding down and hindering the laser irradiation. The non-cutting portion 13 is formed by not irradiating the corresponding portion with laser in the process of cutting by the laser device 1.

  Next, a method for disassembling the structure 10 according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. In this embodiment, the structure 10 in which a plurality of concrete members 11 are combined is disassembled. The structure 10 is configured by combining a concrete pillar 22, a concrete beam 23, and a concrete floor 24 as the concrete member 11. In the present embodiment, a structure 10 having a ramen structure including columns 22, beams 23, and a floor 24 will be described.

  As shown in FIG. 3B, a cutting surface 12 </ b> A is formed on the pillar 22 in order to disassemble the pillar 22. The cutting surface 12A of the pillar 22 is a cutting surface 12Aa that curves obliquely upward from the side surface 22a toward the center side of the pillar 22, and a cutting surface 12Aa that curves obliquely upward from the side surface 22b toward the center side of the pillar 22. A surface 12Ab, a cutting surface 12Ac that curves obliquely upward from the side surface 22c toward the center side of the column 22, and a cutting surface 12Ad that curves obliquely upward from the side surface 22d toward the center side of the pillar 22; Equipped with. When forming such a cut surface 12A, the laser device 1 cuts diagonally upward from one side surface 22a toward the center side to form the cut surface 12Aa, and at the same time, from the other side surface 22b toward the center side. The cut surface 12Ab is formed by cutting diagonally upward. The laser device 1 cuts diagonally upward from the one side surface 22c toward the center side to form the cutting surface 12Ac, and cuts diagonally upward from the other side surface 22d toward the central side. The surface 12Ad is formed.

  As a result, the upper cutting surface 12A has a shape that is concave upward, and the lower cutting surface 12A is a shape that is convex upward. Therefore, the post-cut post 22 is in a state in which the convex upper end of the post 22 below the cutting surface 12A is inserted into the concave lower end of the upper post 22. This prevents the upper pillar 22 from slipping off.

  Although the cut surface is formed from all the four side surfaces 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d of the pillar 22, the cut surface may be formed from only two side surfaces facing each other. For example, only the cut surface extending from each of the side surfaces 22a and 22b toward the center side may be used, or only the cut surface extending from each of the side surfaces 22c and 22c toward the center side may be used.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 4B, the non-cut portion 13A is formed in a part of the cut surface 12A of the column 22. Here, the non-cutting portion 13A is formed on each ridge line portion of each cutting surface 12Aa, 12Ab, 12Ac, 12Ad. However, the place where the non-cutting portion 13A is formed, the shape, and the number are not particularly limited. For example, the non-cutting portion 13A may be formed at the center position of each of the cut surfaces 12Aa, 12Ab, 12Ac, 12Ad in the width direction.

  As shown in FIG. 3D, a cut surface 12B is formed on the beam 23 in order to disassemble the beam 23. The cut surface 12B of the beam 23 is formed near both ends in the longitudinal direction. The cut surface 12B of the beam 23 is curved on the lower surface 23b from a position separated from the end portions 23c and 23d to an upper surface 23a obliquely upward toward the end portions 23c and 23d. When forming such a cut surface 12B, the laser device 1 forms the cut surface 12B by cutting obliquely upward from the lower surface 23b toward the upper surface 23a toward the end portions 23c and 23d.

  As a result, the beam 23 after cutting has a shape in which the upper surface 23a side is longer than the lower surface 23b side. Further, the cut surfaces 12B at both ends of the beam 23 after cutting are shaped so as to bulge outward. Of the beam 23 after cutting, the cutting surface 12B of the remaining portion 26 remaining on the column 22 has a shape that is recessed inward. Therefore, the beam 23 after cutting is in a state in which the curved surfaces of both ends are supported by the curved surfaces of the remaining portions 26 remaining in the columns 22. This prevents the beams 23 from falling off after cutting.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 4C, the non-cut portion 13B is formed in a part of the cut surface 12B of the beam 23. Here, one non-cutting portion 13B is formed at the center position in the width direction. However, the place and the number of the non-cutting portions 13B are not particularly limited. For example, the non-cutting portions 13B may be provided on both sides of the cut surface 12B in the width direction.

  As shown in FIG. 3 (a), in order to dismantle the floor 24, cut surfaces 12 </ b> C are formed on the beams 23 on four sides. The cut surface 12C of the beam 23 is formed in the vicinity of the connection portion with the edge portion 24a of the floor 24. The cut surface 12C of the beam 23 is curved on the inner side surface 23e from a position spaced downward from the floor 24 to an upper surface 23a obliquely upward toward the outer peripheral side. When forming such a cut surface 12C, the laser device 1 forms the cut surface 12C by cutting obliquely upward to the outer peripheral side from the side surface 23e to the upper surface 23a.

  As a result, the remaining portion 27 of the beam 23 after cutting is provided at the edge of the floor 24. Further, the cut surface 12C of the remaining portion 27 of the beam 23 after cutting has a shape that bulges outward. Of the beam 23 after cutting, the cut surface 12C of the portion to be separated from the floor 24 has a shape that is recessed inward. Therefore, the floor 24 after cutting is in a state in which the curved surface of the remaining portion 27 of the beam 23 at each edge is supported by the curved surface of the beam 23. This prevents the floor 24 from falling off after cutting.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 4A, the non-cut portion 13C is formed in a part of the cut surface 12C of the beam 23. Here, a plurality of non-cutting portions 13C are formed at predetermined intervals along the length direction of the beam 23. However, the place and the number of the non-cutting portions 13C are not particularly limited.

  After performing the cutting step of cutting each concrete member 11 of the structure 10 with the laser device 1 as described above, the concrete member 11 after cutting is removed by lifting with a lifting device or the like. The order of removal is not particularly limited, but in the case of the structure 10 having the ramen structure as described above, the floor (ceiling) 24 on the uppermost floor is removed, then the beam 23 is removed, and then the pillar 22 is removed. Then, the floor 24, the beam 23, and the pillar 22 on the floor one floor below the top floor are removed. In this order, each member is repeatedly removed on each floor.

  Next, the operation / effect of the method for disassembling the structure 10 according to the present embodiment will be described.

  The method for disassembling the structure 10 according to the present embodiment includes a cutting step of cutting the concrete member 11 constituting the structure 10 by irradiating the laser from the laser device 1. In this cutting step, the laser device 1 cuts the concrete member 11 obliquely upward. Thereby, the oblique cutting surface 12 can be formed, and the concrete member 11 after cutting can be supported by the oblique cutting surface 12 and the posture can be maintained. Moreover, by making the cut surface 12 oblique, the dross DR generated by the irradiation of the laser can be discharged from the cut surface 12.

  Further, in the cutting step, the laser device 1 forms the non-cutting portion 13 in a part of the cut surface 12. By supporting the gap of the cutting surface 12 with such a non-cutting portion 13, it is possible to prevent the gap of the cutting surface 12 from being blocked when the concrete member 11 is cut diagonally upward, and to prevent the cutting from occurring. Can be cut into. Further, when a laser is used, the non-cutting portion 13 can be easily formed on the cut surface 12 as compared with other cutting methods. For example, when cutting with a concrete cutter or the like as in the related art, it is essential to insert another member such as a wedge into the cut surface to maintain a gap between the cut surfaces. However, in the present embodiment, the gap of the cut surface 12 can be maintained without using such a separate member (however, it may be used as an auxiliary). Further, in a concrete cutter or the like, the non-cutting portion 13 cannot be formed because of restrictions on the insertion direction of the blade and the like (even if it is formed, it is very troublesome). In addition, in the method of applying a physical force to a concrete member to cut it, such as a concrete cutter, a large vibration is applied to the concrete member 11. There is a problem that the cutting portion 13 will collapse. As described above, according to the disassembling method according to the present embodiment, the posture of the concrete member 11 after cutting can be easily maintained.

  Further, in the method for disassembling the structure 10 according to the present embodiment, the cutting surface 12 is curved obliquely upward. According to such a method, the posture of the concrete member 11 after cutting can be made more stable as compared with a cutting surface that extends straight and obliquely. For example, as shown in FIG. 1A, in the curved cutting surface 12, the area near the region formed by laser irradiation at the irradiation angles D1 to D3 has a gentle inclination, and therefore the vertical direction of the concrete member 11 The load can be sufficiently supported. On the other hand, in the curved cutting surface 12, the vicinity of the region formed by laser irradiation at the irradiation angles D5 to D7 has a steep inclination, so that the concrete member 11 can be sufficiently supported in the horizontal direction. As described above, the curved cutting surface 12 can stably support the posture of the concrete member 11 after cutting in any direction. In addition, it is impossible for the conventional concrete cutter or the like to form such a curved cutting surface 12, or even if it is possible, it becomes very complicated. On the other hand, by using the laser device 1, the curved cutting surface 12 can be easily formed.

  Further, in the method for disassembling the structure 10 according to the present embodiment, the concrete member 11 includes the pillar 22. In the cutting step, the laser device 1 cuts diagonally upward from one side surface 22a, 22c of the column 22 toward the center side, and obliquely upward from the other side surface 22b, 22d of the column toward the center side. Cut towards. According to such a method, the cut surfaces 12A extending obliquely upward from the side surfaces on both sides of the column 22 toward the center side are formed. These cutting surfaces 12A can support the post 22 after cutting and maintain its posture.

  The method of disassembling the structure 10 of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment.

  For example, the structure 10 is not limited to the rigid frame structure as in the above-described embodiment as long as it is configured by combining concrete members. Further, there is no particular limitation on the position or quantity of forming the cut surface for each concrete member 11.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Laser device, 10 ... Structure, 11 ... Concrete member, 12 ... Cut surface, 13 ... Non-cut part, 22 ... Pillar, 23 ... Beam, 24 ... Floor.

Claims (4)

A method for dismantling a structure, which dismantles a structure in which a plurality of concrete members are combined,
Comprises a cutting step of cutting the concrete member by irradiating a laser from a laser device,
In the cutting step, the laser device cuts the concrete member obliquely upward, and forms a non-cutting portion that extends along obliquely upward in a partial region of the cut surface,
The method for disassembling a structure, wherein the cut surface is divided into a plurality of parts by the non-cut portion and curved obliquely upward. The concrete member includes a pillar,
In the cutting step, the laser device cuts obliquely upward from one side surface of the pillar toward the center side, and cuts obliquely upward from the other side surface of the pillar toward the center side. The method for disassembling a structure according to claim 1. The plurality of concrete members includes a first concrete member and a second concrete member connected to the first concrete member,
In the cutting step, the laser device cuts the first concrete member obliquely upward from the center side of the structure toward the outside of the structure to obtain one of the first concrete member. The method for disassembling a structure according to claim 1, wherein a part is separated from the second concrete member. The plurality of concrete members include a pillar and a beam connected to the pillar,
2. In the cutting step, the laser device forms the cutting surface so that the cutting surface of the remaining portion of the beam remaining in the column is recessed inward. 2. The method for disassembling the structure according to 2.

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