JP6690534B2 - ストレス性疾患の予防および/または治療用医薬 - Google Patents
ストレス性疾患の予防および/または治療用医薬 Download PDFInfo
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- OVCXRBARSPBVMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N triazolopyridine Chemical compound C=1N2C(C(C)C)=NN=C2C=CC=1C=1OC=NC=1C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 OVCXRBARSPBVMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/4353—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
- A61K31/437—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems the heterocyclic ring system containing a five-membered ring having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. indolizine, beta-carboline
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- A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
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- A61K51/02—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo characterised by the carrier, i.e. characterised by the agent or material covalently linked or complexing the radioactive nucleus
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- A61K51/044—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine, rifamycins
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- C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
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- Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
- Nitrogen Condensed Heterocyclic Rings (AREA)
Description
[1] 式
[2] TSPO占有率を約50乃至約85%に到達せしめる用量が、血中濃度として約15乃至約150ng/mLに到達する用量である前記[1]記載の剤、
[3] 投与方法が経口投与である前記[1]または[2]記載の剤、
[4] 経口投与時に、TSPO占有率を約50乃至約85%に到達せしめる用量が、約5乃至約60mgである前記[3]記載の剤、
[5] ストレス性疾患が、過敏性腸症候群、機能性消化管障害、うつ病、または不安関連疾患である前記[1]乃至[4]のいずれかに記載の剤、
[6] ストレス性疾患が、過敏性腸症候群である前記[5]記載の剤、
[7] TSPO占有率が、放射性トレーサーとして[11C]PBR28を用いて測定されたTSPO占有率である前記[1]乃至[6]のいずれかに記載の剤、
[8] 式
[9] 放射性トレーサーとして[11C]PBR28を用いることを特徴とする、ストレス性疾患を予防および/または治療するためのTSPO拮抗薬の有効用量を設定する方法、
[10] 式
[11] 1回当たり、ストレス性疾患の患者におけるTSPO占有率を約50乃至約85%に到達せしめる用量で投与して、ストレス性疾患の予防および/または治療のために使用される、式
[12] 式
[13] TSPO占有率を約50乃至約95%に到達せしめる用量が、血中濃度として約15乃至約250ng/mLに到達する用量である前記[12]記載の剤、
[14] 投与方法が経口投与である請求項[12]または[13]記載の剤、
[15] 経口投与時に、TSPO占有率を約50乃至約95%に到達せしめる用量が、約5乃至約100mgである前記[14]記載の剤、
[16] ストレス性疾患が、過敏性腸症候群、機能性消化管障害、うつ病、または不安関連疾患である前記[12]乃至[15]のいずれかに記載の剤、
[17] 不安関連疾患が、神経症、全般性不安障害、社交不安障害、パニック障害、多動性障害、注意欠陥、人格障害、双極性障害、自閉症である前記[16]に記載の剤、
[18] 式
[19] 1回当たり、ストレス性疾患の患者におけるTSPO占有率を約50乃至約95%に到達せしめる用量で投与して、ストレス性疾患の予防および/または治療のために使用される、式
本発明化合物の毒性は十分に低いものであり、医薬品として安全に使用することができる。
本発明化合物は、TSPO拮抗作用を有するため、上記したストレス性疾患の予防および/または治療剤として有用である。
[実験例]
以下に生物学的実験例を示し、これらの実験方法に基づいて、本発明化合物の効果を確認した。
雄性Slc:Wistarラット(日本エスエルシー、使用時11週齢)を用いて、身体・精神的ストレッサーを負荷した(ジャーナル・オブ・ファーマコロジカルサイエンス(Journal of Pharmacological Science)、第104号、263〜273ページ、2007年)。媒体(0.5w/v%メチルセルロース400cP溶液)あるいは本発明化合物を0.1、0.3、1および3mg/kgの用量で経口投与した2時間後に、ラットを拘束ストレスケージ(株式会社夏目製作所)に入れることによりストレッサー負荷を開始した。抗ストレス作用の評価は、1時間のストレッサー負荷中に排泄した便重量を計測することにより行った(各群12匹)。ストレッサーを負荷しない正常群の脱糞量(排便湿重量:平均0.04g)と比較して、ストレッサーを負荷した媒体処置群には顕著な脱糞が認められた(排便湿重量:平均1.79g)。本発明化合物の0.1、0.3、1および3mg/kg投与群における排便湿重量は、平均でそれぞれ、1.48、0.96、0.60および0.67gであったことから、0.3、1および3mg/kgの用量で媒体処置群より有意に排便湿重量を抑制することが判明した。
雄性Crlj:WIラット(日本チャールス・リバー株式会社、手術時週齢:11週齢)を用い,Yamaguchiらの方法(日本薬理学雑誌、第130巻、175〜183ページ、2007年)に準じて、嗅球摘出ラットを作製した。ペントバルビタールナトリウムで麻酔したラットの頭部を、脳定位固定装置 (ASI Instruments Inc.、NARISHIGE) に固定し、頭皮を切開後、頭蓋骨の左右嗅球部位 (bregmaから前方に7mm、横に1.8mm) に歯科用ドリルを用いて穴を開け、先端を除いた経口ゾンデに連結したアスピレータで左右嗅球を吸引・除去した後、頭皮を縫合した。手術後のラットを、個々の飼育スペースを黒色アクリル板で半分に仕切ったステンレス製五連ケージに入れ、隣が見えないように隔離して飼育した。また、ステンレス製五連ケージを置く飼育棚全体を黒ビニールシートで覆い、飼育棚内を暗い状態にして飼育した。なお、偽手術群のラットは、麻酔下で頭部を固定、頭皮を切開し、頭蓋骨の左右嗅球部位に穴をあけた後、嗅球の吸引・除去を行わず、頭皮を縫合した。また、単離隔離飼育を実施しなかった。手術後14日間経過した後、五味田らの方法(日本薬理学雑誌、第82巻、267〜292ページ、1983年)を参考にして情動過多反応性を評価し、合計評点が20点の動物を実験に使用した。
A.鼻先に差し出した棒に対する反応
0:無反応
1:対象への関心
2:対象への防御的または逃避的行動
3:噛みつくなどの攻撃的行動
4:激しい攻撃的行動
B.空気を吹きかけた時の反応
0:無反応
1:わずかに身体が動くだけ
2:驚愕反応
3:著明な驚愕反応を示すが、飛び上がらない
4:著明な驚愕反応を示し、飛び上がる
C.捕獲や取り扱いに対する抵抗性
0:無抵抗、著明な筋弛緩
1:捕獲や取り扱いが容易
2:捕獲や取り扱いは容易だが、軽度の筋緊張
3:筋緊張有り、捕獲や取り扱いが困難
4:捕獲がきわめて困難で著しい筋緊張
D.尾を鉗子で挟んだ時の反応
0:無反応
1:対象への関心
2:対象への防御的または逃避的行動
3:噛みつくなどの攻撃的行動
4:激しい攻撃的行動
E.テスト中 (A〜D)の鳴き声
0:全く鳴かない
1:時々鳴く
2:激しく鳴く
雄性Crj:CD(SD)ラット(日本チャールス・リバー株式会社、評価時週齢:8週齢)を用い、Funatsuらの方法(ヨーロピアン・ジャーナル・オブ・ファーマコロジー(Eur. J. Pharmacol.)、第573巻、190〜195ページ、2007年)に準じて、恐怖条件付けストレスを負荷した。恐怖条件付け前日に、防音箱内に設置した電気ショック装置内にラットを入れ、評価環境に馴化させた。恐怖条件付け当日に、電気ショック装置内にラットを入れた。3秒間の警告音(60〜70デシベル)に続き5秒間の電流負荷(2.0mA)及び光照射(40W型蛍光灯電球3個)をラットに与える条件付けを、1分間隔で計15回行った。なお、非ストレス負荷群には、恐怖条件付けの間に電流負荷を実施せず、警告音と光照射をラットに与えた。恐怖条件付け翌日、媒体(0.5w/v% メチルセルロース400cP溶液)あるいは本発明化合物(0.3、1および3mg/kg)をラットに経口投与した。投与後2時間に、ラットを電気ショック装置内に入れた。3秒間の警告音に続く5秒間の光照射のみを1分間隔で計30分間、ラットに与え、ストレスを負荷した。ストレスが負荷されている30分間のラットの行動をビデオカメラで撮影し、すくみ時間を計測した。
雄性LEW/CrlCrljラット(日本チャールス・リバー株式会社,評価時週齢:6週齢)を使用した。Rupprechtらの方法(サイエンス(Science)、325、490−493、2009年)に準じて、ラットにコレシストキニンテトラペプチド(CCK―4)(3mg/kg)を皮下投与することによりすくみ行動を誘発し、不安の指標とした。
雄性Slc:Wistarラット(日本エスエルシー、使用時11週齢)を用いて、媒体(0.5w/v%メチルセルロース400cP溶液)あるいは本発明化合物を0.03、0.1、0.3、1および3mg/kgの用量で経口投与した。生物学的実施例1と同様の方法で、投与3時間後の脳(大脳皮質)ホモジネートを用いて、[3H]PK11195あるいは[3H]PBR28(積水メディカル株式会社)の特異的結合量を計測し、媒体処置群の特異的結合量を基準とした本発明化合物の脳内TSPO占有率を測定した(各群8匹)。その結果、[3H]PK11195を放射性トレーサーとして使用した場合、本発明化合物の0.03、0.1、0.3、1および3mg/kg処置群の大脳皮質におけるTSPO占有率は、平均で−1.3、14.9、48.1、80.9および91.3%であった。一方、[3H]PBR28を放射性トレーサーとして使用した場合では、平均で6.5、11.5、40.4、77.7および90.2%であった。以上のことから、[3H]PK11195と[3H]PBR28のいずれの放射性トレーサーを用いた場合でも、本発明化合物のTSPO占有率は同程度であることが判明した。
雄性アカゲザル(株式会社新日本科学、使用時4−6kg)を用いて、媒体(0.5w/v%メチルセルロース400cP溶液)あるいは本発明化合物を0.4および1mg/kgの用量で1日2回3日間経口投与後、4日目に1回経口投与した。最終投与2時間後の脳(前帯状皮質、尾状核、扁桃体、海馬および後頭葉)ホモジネートを用いて、生物学的実施例1と同様の方法で、[3H]PBR28の特異的結合量を計測し、媒体処置群の特異的結合量を基準とした本発明化合物の脳内占有率を測定した(媒体群3例、本発明化合物投与群各5例)。その結果、本発明化合物の0.4および1mg/kg群における脳5部位の平均TSPO占有率は平均で37.9および56.6%であった。また、0.4及び1mg/kg群の血漿中の本発明化合物濃度は平均で23.9および154ng/mLであった。
雄性アカゲザル(ハムリー株式会社、使用時5−8kg)を用いた。3頭のアカゲザルに媒体(0.5w/v%メチルセルロース400cP溶液)あるいは本発明化合物を0.3〜30mg/kgの用量で単回経口投与し、その2時間後に[11C]PBR28を用いたPET計測を以下の要領で実施した。
測定機器:PETカメラ;SHR−7700(浜松ホトニクス株式会社)
画像再構成:SHR Control IIプログラム(浜松ホトニクス株式会社)
脳内放射能濃度の経時変化および分布体積の算出:PMODプログラム(PMOD Technologies Ltd.)
測定法:68Ge/68Ga校正線源を用いてブランク計測を120分間、Transmission計測を30分間実施した。次に、[11C]PBR28を、約30秒かけて全量を静脈内に投与した。投与開始と同時にEmission 計測(計121分間、55フレーム)を、血漿中濃度測定用に動脈採血を行いながら実施した。
男女健康成人を用い、本発明化合物を投与する前、および本発明化合物を6〜200mgの用量で単回経口投与した24時間後に、放射性トレーサーとして[11C]PBR28を用いたPET計測を以下の要領で実施した。
測定機器:PET;ECAT HR+(Siemens)
測定法:68Ge/68Ga校正線源を用いてブランク計測を90分間、Transmission計測を10〜15分間実施した。次に、[11C]PBR28を、約30秒かけて全量を静脈内に投与した。投与開始と同時にEmission計測(計90分間、26フレーム)を、血漿中濃度測定用に動脈採血を行いながら実施した。
生物学的実施例8とは別の解析方法、すなわち[11C]PBR28の脳内放射能濃度時間変化、非特異的結合量、および[11C]PBR28の未代謝率で補正した動脈血血漿放射能から各関心領域のバインディングポテンシャル(BP)を算出し、投薬前のBPを基準とした脳内占有率を算出した(各群3〜4名)。また、各関心領域の投与前の分布体積(Vt baseline)及び投与前の分布体積から投与後の分布体積を差し引いた値(Vt baseline − Vt onmed)をそれぞれ横軸および縦軸にプロットして得られるラッセンプロットから全関心領域の平均脳内TSPO占有率を求めた。また、図7で示すように、各個体における本発明化合物の血漿中濃度と、脳内TSPO占有率の関係を解析するために、Emaxモデルを用いた本モデルにおけるパラメータとして、最大結合数(Bmax)およびBmaxの50%を達成する血中濃度(Ki、ng/mL)を用いた。本解析ではBmaxを1に固定し、解析ソフトにはSAS Version 9.2(SAS Institute)を用いた。パラメータおよびEmaxモデルの計算式は以下に示した。
臨床試験として、下痢型女性IBS患者を対象に、以下の条件で二重盲検並行群間試験を行った。
目的:IBSの臨床症状に対する有効性の確認
方法:本試験は、米国49施設で実施され、RomeIII(ローマ・スリー)診断基準(Gastroenterology、2006年、第130巻、1480−1491ページ)に合致する下痢型女性IBS患者200名(18〜65歳)が集積された。被験者は、下記3つの投与群のいずれかに1:1:1の割合で無作為に割り付けられ、4週間、1日1回経口服薬した。被験者は、2週間の前観察期間、4週間の服薬期間および4週間の後観察期間中の毎日、電子日記にIBS症状を記録した。安全性の観察は、試験期間中を通じて行った。下記評価項目のうち、主評価項目は、4週間の服薬期間の便形状(ブリストル便形状スケール(Bristol Stool Scale;BSS)による評価)、排便回数および腹痛(Numerical Rating Scale (NRS)によるスコア化)のベースライン(前観察期間)からの変化量とした。また、副次的評価項目として、FDAガイダンス(Guidance for Industry Irritable Bowel Syndrome - Clinical Evaluation of Drugs for Treatment)に準じたレスポンダーの解析を行った。
投与群:
(1)偽薬(プラセボ)群
(2)本発明化合物(20mg投与)群
(3)本発明化合物(60mg投与)群
評価項目:IBS症状(腹痛、便形状、排便回数、便意切迫感、重症度)、QOL、精神症状、安全性、薬物動態、バイオマーカー
結果:患者層および各パラメータ(便形状、排便回数および腹痛)のベースライン値は、各投与群で同等であった。4週間の服薬期間を通じて、1週間におけるBSSで6または7に相当する便が1回でもあった日数、および1日を通じて最も強く感じた腹痛の週平均スコアにおいて、本発明化合物の60mg投与群において、プラセボ群に対する改善が認められた(図8および図9)。また、本発明化合物の60mg投与群において、プラセボ群と比べてより多くの被験者がレスポンダー基準を満たした(表3、図10および図11)。一方、投与4週目における週当たりの腹痛のない日について評価したところ、プラセボ群では0.61日の増加に対して、20mg投与群では1.16日の増加、60mg投与群では1.51日の増加であった。また、本発明化合物は忍容であり、良好な安全性プロファイルを示した。
臨床試験として、下痢型女性IBS患者を対象に、以下の条件で二重盲検並行群間試験を行う。
目的:バロスタット法を用い、腸管拡張時の知覚および運動に対する有効性を確認
投与群:各群1日1回食後に経口投与;
(1)偽薬(プラセボ)群
(2)本発明化合物(60mg投与)群
投与期間:2週間
評価項目:腸管拡張時の腹痛・切迫感・腸管運動、IBS重症度、QOL、精神症状、安全性、薬物動態、バイオマーカー
生物学的実施例10の臨床試験において、PSS(Perceived Stress Scale)(Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24, 386-396, 1983年参照)、HAM−A(Hamilton Anxiety Scale)(The British journal of medical psychology, 32, 50-55, 1959年参照)およびHAM−D(Hamilton Depression Scale)(Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 23, 56-62, 1960年参照)の評価尺度を用いて、本発明化合物60mg投与時のうつ病、不安関連疾患の治療効果を評価した。以下にその結果を示す。表4はPSSスコア、表5はHAM−Aスコア、および表6はHAM−Dスコアの結果をそれぞれ示す。
Claims (3)
- 式
- ストレス性疾患が、過敏性腸症候群である請求項1記載の剤。
- 不安関連疾患が、神経症、全般性不安障害、社交不安障害、パニック障害、多動性障害、注意欠陥、人格障害、双極性障害、および自閉症からなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の剤。
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WO2020047540A1 (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2020-03-05 | The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York | Nanoscale interfacial coating for stabilizing electrolyte with high-voltage cathode |
US12085542B2 (en) | 2018-12-13 | 2024-09-10 | Kabushiki Kaisha Yakult Honsha | Method for measuring stool consistency and method for evaluating stool state using same |
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EP3156054A4 (en) | 2018-03-14 |
JPWO2015190568A1 (ja) | 2017-06-01 |
EP3156054A1 (en) | 2017-04-19 |
JP2020075933A (ja) | 2020-05-21 |
US20170119742A1 (en) | 2017-05-04 |
WO2015190568A1 (ja) | 2015-12-17 |
WO2015190568A9 (ja) | 2016-04-28 |
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