JP6687977B2 - Root vegetable digging machine - Google Patents

Description

  INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention is an agricultural work machine mounted and used on a tractor, which is attached to a towed machine frame, has a blade portion whose rear portion is inclined upward at a front end portion, and is driven to the rear portion of the blade portion. The present invention relates to an improvement of a digger for root vegetables such as long roots, which is obtained by allowing a digging body provided with an endless conveyor belt to pass through a lower portion of planted long roots and the like to lift up root vegetables such as long roots.

  The root digging machine for long roots is required to dig efficiently and smoothly without damaging the root vegetables. Conventionally, as such a digging machine, Japanese Patent No. 5750606 (Patent Document 1) “long harvesting device connected to a tractor” and Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2008-29230 “Patent Document 2” “long digging device” Is disclosed.

  The "long haul harvesting device connected to a tractor" disclosed in Patent Document 1 "... is arranged so that the blade portion of the excavating blade body is disposed close to the lower end of the excavation chain for excavating both sides of the long one, The boom for supporting the excavation chain is equipped with a length adjusting means, and the vertical length of the excavation chain is adjusted to make it possible to adjust the proximity height between the lower end portion of the excavation chain and the excavation blade body and the excavation blade. It is a long harvesting device that is connected to a tractor equipped with a drop assist plate that vibrates slightly on the same plane as the digging blade at the rear end of the body. " Further, the "long hauling device" disclosed in Patent Document 2 is "attached to a lower portion of a base frame which is connected to a rear portion of a tractor and towed, a front portion forms a blade portion, and a rear portion inclines upward. In a long excavation device having a digging blade body consisting of an endless power belt conveyor, a diaphragm swinging mechanism for vertically swinging a diaphragm is continuously provided at the rear of the endless power belt conveyor. It is a long drilling device characterized by shaking off the cultivated soil that adheres to the long pits dug up by the blade. "

Patent No. 5750606 JP, 2008-29230, A

  Digging a digging body equipped with an inclined endless conveyor belt driven at the rear of the blade part to pass through the lower part of the long planted plant and lift up the root vegetable of the long plant etc. The machine is required to dig smoothly without damaging the root vegetables. Further, the root worker raised by the dug body can be smoothly extracted by the auxiliary worker, so that the work efficiency is improved. Therefore, in the long harvesting device of Patent Document 1 or the long harvesting device of Patent Document 2, a fall auxiliary plate that vibrates slightly on the same plane as the digging blade body, and a vibration plate vertically on the rear part of the endless power belt conveyor. An oscillating vibrating plate oscillating mechanism is provided so as to shake off long-term attached cultivation soil blocks. Each of these has a structure in which a horizontal swing fulcrum in the left-right direction is provided in the front part of the vibrating plate and the rear end side is swung up and down. However, when the rear end of the vibrating plate is passed, the lifted cultivation soil suddenly drops into the hollow part formed by the progress in the rear part of the excavated body and the lower part of the vibrating plate, so that the lifted position quickly becomes long and so on. If the worker does not grasp and remove the root vegetable, the root vegetable may fall and be embedded along with the cultivation soil that falls into the hollow portion, and damage such as breakage or damage may occur on the root vegetable.

  Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a root vegetable digging machine for long roots or the like that can smoothly carry out digging work without removing mistakes.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the invention according to claim 1 is to dig a root vegetable such as a long leg to dig up by digging a digging body having an inclined surface to the lower part of the root vegetable such as a long leg to raise the root vegetable. In the machine, the excavated body includes a blade portion which is provided in a front portion and has a rearward upward inclination, and an inclined surface which extends rearward from a rear end portion of the blade portion and whose upper surface rises from front to rear. The body of the dug body and the rocking plate swinging up and down in the left-right direction orthogonal to the traveling direction are provided at the rear end of the body of the dug body. This is a root vegetable digging machine for long roots and the like characterized in that it is carried out by an oscillating cam that is eccentrically rotated and is provided at a position lateral to the center axis of motion .

  Further, in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the invention according to claim 2 is characterized in that the swing plate has a notch portion that opens rearward at a rear-end edge substantially left-right center in plan view. The root vegetable digging machine for long legumes according to claim 1.

Further, in order to solve the above problems, in the invention according to claim 3, the vertical swing angle of the left and right end portions of the swing plate can be changed by changing the mounting position of the motor for rotating the swing cam. The root vegetable digging machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that

  According to this invention, since the rocking plate that rocks up and down in the left-right direction orthogonal to the traveling direction is provided at the rear end portion of the dugout body main body, the root vegetables such as long peaches located above the rocking plate are provided. Before the rear end of the rocking plate is vibrated, the adhered soil block block gradually shakes down the soil from the left-right direction into the lower cavity, and even when it reaches the rear end, it may suddenly fall into the cavity. Since it does not exist, the picked root vegetables will not be missed. In addition, when the rocking plate has a notch opening at the rear end edge substantially in the left-right direction in a plan view, the soil lifted together with the root vegetables is gradually below the rocking plate. Since it easily falls into the space, the upper part of the root vegetable is easily exposed, and the hollow part gradually fills up, and the soil lifted into the hollow part does not fall suddenly. Further, since the vertical swing angles of the left and right end portions of the swing plate can be changed, it is possible to provide a root vegetable digging machine that can easily cope with cases where the soil is likely to collapse due to soil properties.

It is a left side view of the working state of the root vegetable digging machine of the example of the present invention. It is a front front view of the working state of the root vegetable digging machine of the example of the present invention. It is a rear view of the root vegetable digging machine of the Example of this invention. It is a top view of the root vegetable digging machine of the example of the present invention. It is a rear view of the main part of the oscillating plate part of the present invention. It is a rear view of the main part of the oscillating plate part of the present invention. It is a rear view of the main part of the oscillating plate part of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a left side view of a main part of a cross section of the rocking plate part of the present invention. It is a plane sectional view showing a drive part of an oscillating plate and a dugout body main part of the present invention. It is explanatory drawing for demonstrating the effect | action of the excavation body and rocking | swiveling plate of this invention.

  An embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 10. 1 to 4 are a left side view, a front front view, a rear view and a plan view showing an appearance of a root vegetable digging machine of the present invention in a working posture. A three-point link mechanism, which is an ascending / descending link, is provided at the rear of a tractor (not shown) that is a traveling work vehicle, and is connected to a mounting portion at the front of the root vegetable digging machine of the present invention so as to be able to move up and down. It is driven by the power output from the tractor side. In the description of this example, the left side shown in FIG. 1 will be described as the front side in the traveling direction.

  1 is a machine frame. The machine frame 1 is formed in a state where plate-shaped bodies are opposed to each other in the left-right direction. A round bar frame fixed to the front ends of the machine frame 1 between the plate-like members and provided with lower link pins 1f at the left and right ends connects and fixes the plate-like members to the rear end of the machine frame 1. The bracket 1b is provided so as to project upward. Thus, the machine casing 1 constitutes the main frame of the root vegetable digging machine.

  A mast frame 1 a is provided at the front part of the machine casing 1. The mast frame 1a is made of a plate-like body and is connected to the machine frame 1 in a state of being opposed to each other on the left and right. The base, which is the lower end of the mast frame 1a, is held by a rotating shaft 1c in the vicinity of a round bar-shaped frame provided with the lower link pin 1f of the machine frame 1 so as to be rotatable back and forth. Has a top link pin 1e provided horizontally in the left-right direction. The rear of the mast frame 1a is connected to one end of the hydraulic cylinder 1d, and the other end of the hydraulic cylinder 1d is connected to a bracket 1b provided on the rear portion of the machine frame 1. Then, the top link pin 1e and the lower link pin 1f provided on the machine frame 1 are attached to the three-point link mechanism which is the lifting link of the tractor. Therefore, by expanding and contracting the hydraulic cylinder 1d, it becomes possible to rotate the machine frame 1 up and down about the rotating shaft 1c. When the hydraulic cylinder 1d is contracted, the excavation section 2 is rotated rearward to move upward and move.

  In the machine frame 1, the excavation section 2 and the beam 1g are extended downward and provided in pairs on the left and right. The excavation unit 2 is located on the front side of the beam 1g and excavates the soil on the left and right sides of the root vegetables such as a long root to be excavated. A digging body 3, which will be described later, is provided at the lower end of the beam 1g.

  The excavation unit 2 is provided on the machine casing 1 so as to face downward. The excavation unit 2 is located in the soil when the root vegetable excavator is in an excavation work state, and excavates the soil on the left and right sides of the root vegetable such as a long root to be excavated to facilitate the extraction of the root vegetable. The excavation unit 2 includes a boom 2a and an excavation chain 20 wound around the boom 2a. The excavation chain 20 includes a roller chain 2e and a plurality of excavation blades 2f attached to the outer circumference thereof. The excavation chain 20 includes a drive sprocket 2b provided at the base of the boom 2a on the machine frame 1 side, a tension sprocket 2c provided at the other end, and an idler sprocket 2d provided in front of the middle of the boom 2a. It is wound in a shape. The boom 2a is fixed to the machine frame 1 so that the boom 2a is opposed to the left and right in the traveling direction and the upper ends thereof are fixed to the machine frame 1. Therefore, the excavation chain 20 is provided on each of the opposing booms 2a, and at the time of excavation work, the root vegetables such as long potatoes to be excavated are positioned between the opposing booms 2a, and the suspended excavation chain 20 is vertically moved. By driving, soil on the left and right sides of the root vegetable to be dug up can be scraped up and down to be softened. The tip side of the boom 2a can be expanded and contracted in the length direction, and the tension of the excavation chain 20 can be adjusted. The upper part of the excavation part 2 exposed from the soil during the excavation work is covered with the excavation part cover 7. Furthermore, side guards 7a and rear guards 7b formed of round pipes are provided on the left and right sides and rear sides, and safety of accidents due to contact with or catching on the movable part of the excavation part 2 is prevented.

  Behind the digging chain 20 of the digging unit 2, a beam 1g is provided extending downward from the machine frame 1 and facing left and right in proximity to the digging chain 20, and at a position where the beam overlaps behind the digging chain 20 in a front view. It is provided. The lower end of the beam 1g extends to the vicinity of the lower end of the excavation chain 20. The beam 1g is in the form of a strip plate that is long in the vertical direction, and the upper portion of the beam 1g is fixed to the machine frame 1 with the edge of the plate thickness facing the traveling direction. That is, the positional relationship between the boom 2a and the beam 1g is fixed.

  A digging body 3 is attached to the lower end of the beam 1g. The dugout body 3 is a dugout body body having a blade portion 3d that is inclined upward and backward at the front, extends rearward from the rear end of the blade portion, and has an inclined surface whose upper surface rises from the front to the rear. It is provided with a certain belt conveyor 3a and an oscillating plate 4 which is provided at the rear end portion of the belt conveyor 3a and which extends so as to extend the inclined surface having a plane portion approximately the same as the width of the belt conveyor 3a.

  The digging body 3 is provided between the beams 1g located on the left and right sides, and is fixedly attached to the beam 1g near the blade portion 3d. The digging body 3 at the time of digging work passes through the lower part of the root vegetables such as long peach that is the object of digging, and is excavated by the excavation unit 2 and the soil around the left and right sides of the inner root vegetables around The soil and root vegetables are placed on the inclined surface of the belt conveyor 3a and moved to lift the root vegetables upward. In this example, the inclined surface that is the main body of the excavated body 3 is the belt conveyor, but the inclined surface fixed by a plate material such as a resin material may be used.

  The blade portion 3d is made of a steel plate and provided substantially in the same width as the belt conveyor 3a, and cuts the soil in the lower portion of the root vegetable by advancing the tractor. The belt conveyor 3a includes a drive roller 3b having a large diameter in a side view on the rear end side, and a plurality of support rollers 3c having a smaller diameter than the drive roller 3b arranged rearward from the front end portion on the blade 3d side to form a belt. The upper surface of the winding bell conveyor 3a is configured to be inclined rearward and upward. The belt conveyor 3a is rotationally driven by a hydraulic motor 3e provided in the excavation body 3 with a drive roller 3b, and is driven so that the inclined surface of the upper surface of the belt conveyor 3a moves from the front side to the rear side. The drive roller 3b of the belt conveyor 3a and the support roller supporting the conveyor belt are rotatably held by the conveyor side plates 3f standing upright on the left and right of the belt conveyor 3a.

  Behind the drive roller 3b at the rear end of the belt conveyor 3a, there is provided the oscillating plate 4 acting to extend the inclined surface of the belt conveyor 3a, which has a flat portion approximately the same as the width of the belt conveyor 3a. There is. The oscillating plate 4 is held by an oscillating plate holding bracket 4f which is laid across and attached to the left and right of the rear portion of the conveyor side plate 3f so as to be oscillated in the left-right direction. A swing boss 4g, which is a pipe-shaped boss parallel to the traveling direction, is provided at a substantially central portion of the swing plate holding bracket 4f, and the swing center shaft 4a is inserted into the swing boss 4g so that the swing plate 4 moves. It is mounted so that it can swing to the left and right.

  A motor 4e is fixedly provided at a position lateral to the rocking boss 4g of the rocking plate holding bracket 4f, and the output shaft of the motor 4e provided rearward in parallel with the traveling direction has a round plate shape. The rocking cam 4b is fixed. The rocking cam 4b is eccentrically rotated vertically and horizontally when the motor 4e rotates. On the other hand, the rocking plate 4 is provided with a guide frame 4h having a rectangular shape in the rear view so as to surround the rocking cam 4b in close proximity to the rocking cam 4b, and the rocking cam 4b is vertically eccentric. When rotated, the guide frame 4h is moved up and down, and the swing plate 4 swings around the swing center shaft 4a. When the rocking plate 4 rocks in the left-right direction, the soil lifted together with the root vegetables by the slope of the belt conveyor 3a is gradually released downward from the left and right end sides, and reaches the rear end of the rocking plate 4. So that it doesn't collapse suddenly. In addition, the upper part of the lifted soil is broken by vibration to expose the head of the root vegetable so that it can be easily grasped, thereby reducing misdrawing errors.

  The motor 4e is provided so that the mounting position in the left-right direction with respect to the oscillating plate holding bracket 4f can be changed. In this example, mounting bolt holes for the motor 4e are provided in three positions at the same pitch in the left-right direction. It is configured so that the attachment can be changed at two locations in the left-right direction. If it is attached to the side closer to the swing center shaft 4a (FIG. 7), the swing angle of the swing plate 4 increases, and if it is attached to the side away (FIGS. 5 and 6), the swing angle decreases. The rocking angle can be selected according to the soil condition in which the root vegetables are grown. Normally, the rocking angle is set large when the soil is hard to collapse, and the rocking angle is small when the soil is easy to collapse. The mounting hole of the motor 4e on the unused side is closed by the cover 4c. The motor 4e may be a motor driven by hydraulic pressure or the like.

  The oscillating plate 4 can be attached by changing the angle of the flat part up and down with respect to the inclined surface of the belt conveyor 3a, and the bolt attaching hole of the oscillating plate holding bracket 4f with respect to the conveyor side plate 3f is a long hole. It can be fixed by changing the angle.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the oscillating plate 4 is provided with a recessed notch portion 4d whose rear end central portion faces rearward. The cutout portion 4d gradually allows the soil lifted together with the root vegetables by the slope of the belt conveyor 3a to escape downward so that the soil reaching the rear end of the swing plate 4 does not collapse suddenly. The size of the notch portion 4d is not provided or is small in the case of soil that easily collapses, and is large in the case of soil that is hard to collapse. The amount to escape can be adjusted by changing the size depending on the soil quality.

  FIG. 10A shows a case where the conventional dug body is in a working state, and FIG. 10B shows a dug state of the present invention. In the conventional example of (a), since a large hollow portion B'is formed in the rear portion of the dugout body 3 ', the soil reaching the rear end of the rocking plate 4'abruptly lowers the hollow portion B'. The root vegetable A, which has flowed into the soil and which could not be grasped, may be re-embedded with the soil. In the state of the present invention of (b), since the rocking plate 4 rocks in the left-right direction up and down, the soil reaching the rocking plate 4 has a notch provided at the left and right end portions or the rear end center side. Since it gradually flows downward from the portion 4d, the soil reaching the rear end of the oscillating plate 4 does not suddenly flow downward, and the auxiliary worker can reliably grasp and harvest the root vegetable A.

  A landslide means 8 is provided on the rear side above the middle position of the left and right beams 1g. The landslide means 8 is for disposing soil and sand from the root vegetables and soil which have been raised by the excavation body 3 to the left and right to expose the upper end portion of the root vegetables. The landslide means 8 has a plurality of round bar-shaped separating bars arranged in a straight line at intervals in the traveling direction, and the lower portion swings around the upper portion in a direction orthogonal to the traveling direction to scrub the earth and sand. Break it down.

  The state shown in FIG. 1 shows the posture of the excavation work state, and in this example, the excavation body 3 is located at a depth of about 1.2 m underground. When the excavator is moved by the tractor, the hydraulic cylinder 1 is contracted to rotate the machine frame 1 counterclockwise from the state shown in FIG. 1 about the rotation shaft 1c. As a result, the lower part of the excavation part 2 and the excavation body 3 fixed to the machine frame 1 rotate and rise. Further, when the three-point link mechanism which is the lifting link of the tractor is raised, the lower part of the excavation part 2 and the excavated body are located above the ground and can be moved by the tractor or the like.

  The drive unit of the belt conveyor 3a of the excavated body 3 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. A hydraulic motor 3e is provided at the center of the left and right conveyor side plates 3f of the excavated body 3 to drive the belt conveyor 3a. Two drive rollers 3b for driving the belt conveyor 3a located at the rear end of the belt conveyor 3a are provided on the left and right sides, and a gear case is provided with a hydraulic case 3e attached in the middle thereof to drive the hydraulic motor 3e. Then, the belt conveyor 3a is driven.

  An input gear case 5b to which power from the tractor is input is provided in the center of the machine casing 1. An input shaft 5c is provided in front of the input gear case 5b so as to project forward, and a PTO shaft (not shown) of the tractor and the input shaft 5c are connected by a universal joint or the like to input power from the tractor. Output shafts are provided on the input gear case 5b so as to project to the left and right in a direction orthogonal to the input shaft 5c, and drive sprockets 2b are fixed thereto. The excavation chain 20 of the excavation unit 2 is wound around the drive sprocket 2b, and the excavation chain 20 is driven by the power input to the input shaft 5c. A hydraulic pump 5a is provided above the input gear case 5b, and a roller chain is wound around a sprocket fixed to the input shaft 5c and a sprocket fixed to the input shaft of the hydraulic pump 5a to drive the hydraulic pump 5a. . The hydraulic pressure generated by the hydraulic pump 5a is sent to the hydraulic motor 3e of the excavation body 3 through the pipe to drive the hydraulic motor 3e. When the hydraulic motor 3e is driven, the drive roller 3b of the belt conveyor 3a of the dug out body 3 rotates and the belt conveyor 3a operates. An output section for driving the landslide means 8 is provided behind the input gear case 5b, and drives the landslide means 8. The hydraulic cylinder 1d for rotating the machine frame 1 is provided with a valve on the tractor side and is operated by the hydraulic pressure on the tractor side.

  A method for digging with a root digging machine for long roots according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described. The lower link pins 1f provided on the front left and right of the machine frame 1 are connected to the lower links of the three-point link mechanism of the tractor, and the top link pin 1e located on the front side of the mast frame 1a provided on the upper front part of the machine frame 1 is connected. Attach the excavator to the tractor by connecting it to the top link of the three-point link mechanism of the tractor. A power transmission shaft such as a universal joint is connected to the PTO shaft of the tractor and the input shaft 5c of the input gear case 5b so that the power from the tractor can be input.

  The ridge where the root vegetables A such as long digs to be dug are planted is located in a state of straddling the tractor, that is, the root vegetables are located in the center of the left and right excavation chains 20 of the excavation unit 2. The belt conveyor 3a of the excavation unit 2 and the excavation body 3 is driven. When the hydraulic cylinder 1d is extended by operating the valve provided on the tractor side, the machine frame 1 rotates clockwise in the state shown in FIG. 1 and the excavation section 2 and the excavation section fixed to the machine frame 1d. Body 3 gets into the ground. When the blade portion 3d in front of the digging body 3 is positioned below the predetermined digging root vegetable, the tractor is advanced to start the digging work.

  As the tractor moves forward, the excavation part 2 excavates the left and right sides of the root vegetables to loosen the soil, and the left and right sides of the inclined surface of the belt conveyor 3a of the excavation body 3 located behind the excavated part. The soil located inside the excavation chain 20 is placed and moves backward together with the root vegetable A. By moving, root vegetables and soil are floated up along the inclined surface of the belt conveyor 3a. When the floating soil moves to the rocking plate 4 part at the rear end of the dugout body 3, a part of the soil around the root vegetables flows into the lower part of the rocking plate 4 and the space below the dugout body 3, and the soil vibrates. The upper tip of the root vegetable is exposed from the field scene. It is possible to dig by the auxiliary worker grasping and pulling out the exposed tip of the root vegetable. The soil that has passed through the rear end of the oscillating plate 4 does not suddenly flow downward, and the auxiliary worker can surely grasp the root vegetable A and perform harvesting.

  In the case of this example, the excavation portion 2 is provided in front of the excavation body 3, but the present invention can be implemented without necessarily using the excavation machine provided with the excavation portion 2.

  INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be applied to a digging machine that is mounted on the rear of a traveling machine such as a tractor and digs out root vegetables such as long peaches.

1 Machine frame 1a Mast frame 1b Bracket 1c Rotating shaft 1d Hydraulic cylinder 1e Top link pin 1f Lower link pin 1g Beam 2 Excavation part 20 Excavation chain 2a Boom 2b Drive sprocket 2c Tension sprocket 2d Idler sprocket 2e Roller chain 2f Excavation blade 3 Excavation blade 3 3a Belt conveyor 3b Drive roller 3d Blade part 3e Hydraulic motor 3f Conveyor side plate 4 Oscillating plate 4a Oscillating central shaft 4b Oscillating cam 4c Cover 4d Notch 4e Motor 4f Oscillating plate holding bracket 4g Oscillating boss 4h Guide Frame 5a Hydraulic pump 5b Input gear case 5c Input shaft 7 Excavation section cover 7a Side guard 7b Rear guard 8 Landslide means

Claims (3)

A root vegetable digging machine for long roots, which is made by passing a digging body having an inclined surface to the lower part of a root vegetable such as a long root to raise and dig up root vegetables such as a long root,
The dugout body has a blade portion which is provided at a front portion and is inclined upward and rearward, and a main body of the dugout body which extends rearward from a rear end portion of the blade portion and whose upper surface rises from front to rear. When,
A rocking plate that rocks vertically in the left-right direction orthogonal to the traveling direction is provided at the rear end of the dugout body main body .
A root vegetable digging machine such as a long root characterized in that the rocking plate is rocked by a rocking cam which is eccentrically rotated and is provided at a position lateral to a rocking center axis of the rocking plate .   2. A root vegetable digging machine for a long leg or the like according to claim 1, wherein the oscillating plate has a notch portion that opens rearward at a central portion of the rear edge substantially in the left-right direction in plan view. 3. The vertical swing angle of the left and right end portions of the swing plate can be changed by changing the mounting position of a motor that rotates the swing cam . The root vegetable digging machine for long roots described in.

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