JP6673686B2 - Mortar panel for salt damage diagnosis of concrete structure and salt damage diagnosis method using the same - Google Patents
Mortar panel for salt damage diagnosis of concrete structure and salt damage diagnosis method using the same Download PDFInfo
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- JP6673686B2 JP6673686B2 JP2015243762A JP2015243762A JP6673686B2 JP 6673686 B2 JP6673686 B2 JP 6673686B2 JP 2015243762 A JP2015243762 A JP 2015243762A JP 2015243762 A JP2015243762 A JP 2015243762A JP 6673686 B2 JP6673686 B2 JP 6673686B2
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- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 title claims description 109
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 68
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 title claims description 51
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 title claims description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 28
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 71
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 68
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 68
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 65
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 20
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011083 cement mortar Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002798 spectrophotometry method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910002588 FeOOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000870 Weathering steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011400 blast furnace cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011389 fruit/vegetable juice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004255 ion exchange chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011432 ordinary Portland cement mortar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011433 polymer cement mortar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Testing Resistance To Weather, Investigating Materials By Mechanical Methods (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Description
本発明は、主に、土木建築分野で使用されるコンクリート構造物の塩害診断方法に関する。 The present invention mainly relates to a method for diagnosing salt damage to a concrete structure used in the field of civil engineering and construction.
従来から、海岸近くや融雪剤を使用するコンクリート構造物の塩害による劣化が課題となっている。コンクリート構造物の塩害による劣化とは、外部からの塩分がコンクリート構造物の内部に浸透し、コンクリート構造物内部に設置した鉄筋の酸化皮膜が破壊され、鉄筋が腐食膨張し、コンクリート構造物がひび割れを起こして早期に劣化してしまう現象である。 2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, deterioration of a concrete structure near a coast or using a snow melting agent due to salt damage has been a problem. Deterioration of a concrete structure due to salt damage means that salt from the outside penetrates into the concrete structure, destroys the oxide film of the reinforcing bars installed inside the concrete structure, corrodes and expands the reinforcing bars, and cracks the concrete structure. Is a phenomenon that causes early deterioration.
コンクリート構造物の塩害による劣化の程度は、外部からの塩分量によるところが大きく、例えば、海岸近くのコンクリート構造物の場合は、海側部分と山側部分では海側部分の方がコンクリート構造物の塩害による劣化が激しく、また、海側部分においても飛来塩分の多い場所の方が塩害による劣化の程度は大きくなる。 The degree of deterioration of concrete structures due to salt damage largely depends on the amount of salt from the outside. Deterioration is severe, and the degree of deterioration due to salt damage is greater in places where the amount of incoming salt is high even on the sea side.
塩害により劣化したコンクリート構造物は、例えば、断面修復工法と呼ばれる方法で修復する。この断面修復工法は、コンクリートの劣化部分をハツリ除去し、ポリマーセメント系モルタルの断面修復材でコンクリート断面を復元する工法である。コンクリート構造物のそれぞれの箇所で塩分量を細かく測定すれば、コンクリート構造物全面を断面修復することなく、塩分量の多い箇所のみを修復すれば良く、コストダウンに繋がるが、従来は以下の通り、コンクリート構造物の塩分量を測定する手法は手間がかかる等課題があった。 The concrete structure deteriorated due to salt damage is repaired, for example, by a method called a cross-section repair method. This section repair method is a method of removing the degraded portion of concrete and restoring the concrete section with a polymer cement mortar section repair material. If the salt content is measured finely at each part of the concrete structure, it is sufficient to repair only the part with a high salt content without repairing the cross section of the entire concrete structure, which leads to cost reduction, but conventionally it is as follows However, there is a problem that the method of measuring the amount of salt in a concrete structure is troublesome.
コンクリート構造物の塩分量を測定する手法としては、コンクリート構造物のそれぞれの箇所でコアリングやドリル穿孔によるコンクリート粉のサンプリングにより行っているが、実構造物に損傷を与えることや塩分量の測定に手間がかかることから、より簡易的な測定方法が求められていた。 As a method of measuring the salt content of concrete structures, sampling is performed on concrete powder by coring and drilling at each point of the concrete structure. Therefore, a simpler measuring method has been demanded.
簡易的な方法としては、ＪＩＳ Ｚ ２３８１に規定されたドライガーゼ法や、建設省土木研究所が提案した土研法があり、これらはコンクリート構造物の設置箇所の飛来塩分量を測定するものである。前者は、海岸線近くで発生する波しぶきの様な大きな粒子は捕集されにくく、また後者は、微細な粒子が捕集できない等の課題があり、コンクリート構造物近傍の塩分量をより正確に評価することは難しかった（非特許文献１）。 As a simple method, there are a dry gauze method specified in JIS Z 2381 and an earthen method proposed by the Public Works Research Institute of the Ministry of Construction, which measures the amount of incoming salt at the installation location of a concrete structure. is there. The former has a problem that large particles such as wave splashes generated near the shoreline are difficult to be collected, and the latter has problems such as the inability to collect fine particles, so the salt content near the concrete structure can be more accurately evaluated. It was difficult to do so (Non-Patent Document 1).
そこで、モルタル板をコンクリート構造物に取り付けて、それを一定期間後に回収し、塩分量を測定することにより、コンクリート構造物が設置されている箇所の塩分量を評価する方法が提案されている（非特許文献２、３、特許文献１）。本方法は、コンクリート構造物を損傷することなく、また、細かい範囲での塩分量を把握することができる。しかしながら、回収したモルタル板の塩分量は、ＪＩＳ Ａ １１５４の方法で、吸光光度法やイオンクロマト法といった高度な測定方法で求める必要があり、より簡易に塩分量を推定することが望まれていた。 Therefore, a method has been proposed in which a mortar plate is attached to a concrete structure, collected after a certain period of time, and the amount of salt is measured to evaluate the amount of salt at the place where the concrete structure is installed ( Non-Patent Documents 2 and 3, Patent Document 1). This method can grasp the amount of salt in a small range without damaging the concrete structure. However, the salt content of the recovered mortar plate needs to be determined by an advanced measuring method such as an absorption spectrophotometric method or an ion chromatography method according to the method of JIS A 1154, and it has been desired to estimate the salt content more easily. .
例えば、鋼橋梁の適用判定として、鉄板の酸化腐食を利用したワッペン式暴露試験と呼ばれる環境診断ツールが提唱されている（非特許文献４）。これは色の変化を利用したものでは無く、炭素鋼などの金属板の酸化腐食による減量を評価するものであり、金属板とコンクリートを複合しておらず、塩害環境でなくても金属板が腐食するため、コンクリート構造物に適用することは困難である。 For example, as an application determination of a steel bridge, an environmental diagnosis tool called an emblem type exposure test utilizing oxidation corrosion of an iron plate has been proposed (Non-Patent Document 4). This does not use color change, but evaluates weight loss due to oxidative corrosion of a metal plate such as carbon steel.The metal plate and concrete are not combined, and the metal plate can be used even in a salt-damage environment. Corrosion makes it difficult to apply to concrete structures.
また、金属薄膜の色の変化により、腐食性ガス環境を判断する方法が提案されている（特許文献２）。しかしながら、具体的な金属薄膜の種類が示されておらず、腐食性ガスの種類も不明である。さらに、金属薄膜とコンクリートを複合しておらず、塩害環境でなくても金属薄膜が腐食するため、コンクリート構造物の塩害診断をすることは困難である。 In addition, a method of determining a corrosive gas environment based on a change in color of a metal thin film has been proposed (Patent Document 2). However, no specific type of metal thin film is shown, and the type of corrosive gas is unknown. Furthermore, since the metal thin film and concrete are not combined and the metal thin film corrodes even in a salt-damage environment, it is difficult to diagnose salt damage of concrete structures.
本発明者らは、鋭意努力を重ねた結果、本発明を完成するに至った。 The present inventors have made intensive efforts and completed the present invention.
本発明は、金属粉末および／または表面を酸化させた金属粉末を含有する塩害診断用モルタルパネルをコンクリート構造物の表面に設置することによって、コンクリート構造物が設置された箇所の塩害の診断をモルタルパネルの色の変色により容易に診断できる、コンクリート構造物の塩害診断用モルタルパネルおよびそれを用いた塩害診断方法を提供するものである。 The present invention provides a salt damage diagnosis mortar panel containing a metal powder and / or a metal powder having an oxidized surface on a surface of a concrete structure. It is an object of the present invention to provide a salt damage diagnosis mortar panel for a concrete structure and a salt damage diagnosis method using the same, which can be easily diagnosed by discoloration of the panel color.
すなわち、本発明は、（１）モルタルパネル全体の金属粉末および／または表面を酸化させた金属粉末の添加量が、セメントと砂の合量１００質量部に対して、１〜４０質量部であり、モルタルパネルの暴露面における金属粉末および／または表面を酸化させた金属粉末粒子の表面の露出数が１ｃｍ２当たり８０個から３０００個であることを特徴とするコンクリート構造物の塩害診断用モルタルパネルであり、（２）金属粉末および／または表面を酸化させた金属粉末の粒子径が、４５〜５００μｍであることを特徴とするコンクリート構造物の塩害診断用モルタルパネルであり、（３）金属粉末および／または表面を酸化させた金属粉末が、鉄粉または銅粉であることを特徴とするコンクリート構造物の塩害診断用モルタルパネルである。（４）外部からの塩分でモルタルパネル内の金属粉末および／または表面を酸化させた金属粉末の腐食が進行し、モルタルパネルの変色により、モルタルパネルを設置した箇所のコンクリート構造物の塩害を診断することを特徴とするコンクリート構造物の塩害診断用モルタルパネルを用いた塩害診断方法である。
The present invention provides: (1) the addition amount of the metal powder is oxidized to the entire mortar panels metal powder and / or the surface, relative to the total amount 100 parts by weight of cement and sand, it is 1 to 40 parts by weight A mortar panel for diagnosing salt damage of a concrete structure, wherein the number of exposed metal powder and / or oxidized metal powder particles on the exposed surface of the mortar panel is 80 to 3000 per cm 2. , and the (2) the particle size of the metal powder obtained by oxidizing the metal powder and / or surface is a salt damage diagnostic mortar panels of the concrete structure, which is a 45～500Myuemu, (3) metal powder A mortar panel for diagnosing salt damage of a concrete structure, wherein the metal powder having an oxidized surface is iron powder or copper powder. You. ( 4 ) Corrosion of the metal powder in the mortar panel and / or metal powder whose surface has been oxidized by salt from the outside progresses, and the discoloration of the mortar panel diagnoses salt damage of the concrete structure where the mortar panel is installed. The present invention provides a salt damage diagnosis method using a mortar panel for salt damage diagnosis of a concrete structure.
本発明のコンクリート構造物の塩害診断用モルタルパネルは、金属粉末および／または表面を酸化させた金属粉末とモルタルを複合することによって、実際のコンクリート構造物に近い環境に晒され、また、モルタルパネル自体の色の変化により設置された場所でのコンクリート構造物の塩害の診断をすることが可能となる。従って、ＪＩＳＡ １１５４の方法で行う、吸光光度法やイオンクロマト法といった高度な測定方法を用いることなく、より簡易にコンクリート構造物の塩害の診断を行うことが可能となる。 The mortar panel for diagnosing salt damage of a concrete structure according to the present invention is exposed to an environment close to an actual concrete structure by combining a mortar with a metal powder and / or a metal powder whose surface has been oxidized. It is possible to diagnose the salt damage of the concrete structure at the installed place by the change in the color of itself. Therefore, it is possible to more easily diagnose the salt damage of a concrete structure without using an advanced measuring method such as an absorption spectrophotometric method or an ion chromatographic method performed by the method of JISA 1154.
以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。
なお、本発明における部や％は、特に規定しない限り質量基準で示す。
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
In the present invention, parts and% are based on mass unless otherwise specified.
本発明の塩害診断用モルタルパネルは、セメント、砂、および、金属粉末および／または表面を酸化させた金属粉末、水を含有する。さらに、ブリーディング防止、流動性や凝結時間調整等を目的として、通常用いられる、増粘剤、分散剤、減水剤、硬化促進剤、遅延剤等の各種添加剤を併用することは、本発明の目的を阻害しない範囲であれば好ましい。 The salt damage diagnosis mortar panel of the present invention contains cement, sand, a metal powder and / or a metal powder whose surface is oxidized, and water. Furthermore, for the purpose of preventing bleeding, adjusting fluidity and setting time, and the like, commonly used, together with various additives such as a thickener, a dispersant, a water reducing agent, a hardening accelerator, a retarder, the present invention It is preferable that the range does not impair the purpose.
本発明で使用するセメントは、通常ポルトランドセメント、早強ポルトランドセメント、超早強ポルトランドセメント、超速硬セメント、中庸熱セメント、高炉セメント、アルミナセメント等の各種セメントを使用することが出来るが、モルタルパネルの色の変化が明確な白色セメントを用いることが好ましい。 The cement used in the present invention can be any of various cements such as ordinary Portland cement, early-strength Portland cement, ultra-high-strength Portland cement, ultra-rapid hardening cement, moderate heat cement, blast furnace cement, and alumina cement. It is preferable to use a white cement in which the color change is clear.
本発明で使用する砂は、特に限定されないが、石灰砕砂、ケイ砂、あるいはセメント強さ用標準砂等が、モルタルパネルの色の変化が明確なことから好ましい。 The sand used in the present invention is not particularly limited, but lime crushed sand, silica sand, or standard sand for cement strength is preferable because the change in color of the mortar panel is clear.
本発明で使用する金属粉末および／または表面を酸化させた金属粉末は、モルタル中の強アルカリ性のもとでも溶解せず、塩化物イオンにより腐食が促進し、腐食により金属粉末および／または表面を酸化させた金属粉末の色が変化するか、又は異なる色の腐食生成物を生じる金属粉末および／または表面を酸化させた金属粉末が好ましい。
このような金属粉末のうち、鉄および鉄を含む合金、銅および銅を含む合金が好ましい。なお、試薬の鉄や銅の表面は大気中の酸素と反応して表面に酸化層を形成するが、本発明では、金属粉末と定義する。
The metal powder used in the present invention and / or the metal powder whose surface has been oxidized does not dissolve even under strong alkalinity in the mortar, the corrosion is accelerated by chloride ions, and the metal powder and / or the surface is eroded by the corrosion. Metal powders that change the color of the oxidized metal powder or produce corrosion products of a different color and / or oxidized metal powder are preferred.
Among such metal powders, iron and an alloy containing iron, copper and an alloy containing copper are preferable. The surface of iron or copper as a reagent reacts with oxygen in the atmosphere to form an oxide layer on the surface, but is defined as a metal powder in the present invention.
一方、表面を酸化させた金属粉末とは、酸化雰囲気の１０００℃以下で加熱処理した金属粉末をいう。表面を酸化させた金属粉末を用いたモルタルパネルは、酸化処理を行わない金属粉末を用いたモルタルパネルよりも厳しい塩害環境においても使用が可能である。以降、金属粉末と、表面を酸化させた金属粉末を、合わせて金属粉末類と称することとする。 On the other hand, the metal powder whose surface is oxidized refers to a metal powder that has been heat-treated at 1000 ° C. or lower in an oxidizing atmosphere. A mortar panel using a metal powder having an oxidized surface can be used in a more severe salt damage environment than a mortar panel using a metal powder not subjected to oxidation treatment. Hereinafter, the metal powder and the metal powder whose surface is oxidized are collectively referred to as metal powders.
金属粉末類の粒子径は、４５〜５００μｍが好ましく、４５〜３００μｍがより好ましい。粒子径が５００μｍを超えると、モルタルパネル暴露面から金属粉末類が脱落し易くなる。一方、粒子径が、４５μｍより小さいと、金属粉末類が腐食しても変色が確認しづらい場合がある。ここで、粒子径は、ＪＩＳＺ ８８０１−１の試験用ふるいの目開き寸法をいう。 The particle diameter of the metal powders is preferably 45 to 500 μm, more preferably 45 to 300 μm. If the particle size exceeds 500 μm, metal powders are likely to fall off from the exposed surface of the mortar panel. On the other hand, if the particle size is smaller than 45 μm, discoloration may be difficult to confirm even if the metal powders are corroded. Here, the particle size refers to the opening size of the test sieve according to JISZ8801-1.
モルタルパネル全体の金属粉末類の添加量は、セメントと砂の合量１００質量部に対して、１〜４０部が好ましく、５〜３０部がより好ましい。４０部を超えて添加するとモルタルパネル自体の強度低下や、腐食物生成時の体積膨張による金属粉末類の脱落が生じる恐れがあり好ましくなく、１部より少ないとモルタルパネル表面の変色が不明確になる場合がある。金属粉末類に鉄粉を使用した場合、曝露面で露出している鉄粉は腐食によりＦｅ３Ｏ４やＦｅ２Ｏ３、中間生成物のＦｅＯＯＨ等を生じ、これらの生成物が水分と共にさび汁となってモルタルの表面に拡散することにより金属粉末の周囲が変色する。この曝露面に露出している金属粉末類の粒子個数は１ｃｍ２あたり８０個から３０００個が好ましく、４００個から１５００個がより好ましい。露出している金属粉末類の粒子個数が１ｃｍ２あたり８０個未満であると金属粉末類の腐食によるモルタルパネル表面の変色が不明確になる場合があり、また１ｃｍ２あたり３０００個を超えると腐食時の体積膨張により曝露面から脱落するため、曝露面に露出する金属粉末類の粒子個数は１ｃｍ２あたり８０個から３０００個が好ましい。なお、塩化物によるモルタルパネルの変色は、暴露面の表層部に存在する金属粉末類が関与するため、パネルを多層構造とし、暴露する面の層にのみに金属粉末類を添加しても同様の結果を得ることができる。 The amount of the metal powder added to the entire mortar panel is preferably 1 to 40 parts, more preferably 5 to 30 parts, based on 100 parts by mass of the total amount of cement and sand. If it is added in excess of 40 parts, the strength of the mortar panel itself may be reduced, or metal powders may fall off due to volume expansion during the generation of corrosive substances, which is not preferable. May be. When iron powder is used as the metal powder, the iron powder exposed on the exposed surface produces Fe 3 O 4 , Fe 2 O 3 , an intermediate product FeOOH, and the like by corrosion, and these products rust together with moisture. The surroundings of the metal powder are discolored by becoming juice and diffusing on the surface of the mortar. The number of particles of the metal powder exposed on the exposed surface is preferably from 80 to 3000, and more preferably from 400 to 1500 per 1 cm 2 . If the number of particles of the exposed metal powder is less than 80 per 1 cm 2 , the discoloration of the mortar panel surface due to the corrosion of the metal powder may become unclear, and if the number exceeds 3000 per 1 cm 2 , the corrosion may occur. Since the metal powder falls off from the exposed surface due to volume expansion at the time, the number of particles of the metal powder exposed on the exposed surface is preferably 80 to 3000 per 1 cm 2 . The discoloration of the mortar panel due to chloride involves metal powders present on the surface layer of the exposed surface.Therefore, even if the panel has a multilayer structure and the metal powders are added only to the exposed surface layer, the same applies. Can be obtained.
金属粉末類を含有する塩害診断用モルタルパネルの作製方法としては、セメント、砂、金属粉末類、さらに必要に応じて各種の添加剤と、水を加えて混練し、暴露面を下にした型枠に流し込む方法が、金属粉末類が表層部に偏析することから好ましい。
セメント、砂および水の割合は、本発明の目的を満足する範囲であれば特に限定されないが、セメント１００部に対して、砂は４００部以下、水は２０〜１００部が好ましく、さらに、砂は５０〜３００部、水は３０〜６０部がより好ましい。なお、通常はモルタルは、セメント、砂と水を混ぜたものをいうが、本発明では砂を用いずにセメントと水を混ぜたものも本発明に含まれる。
The method of preparing a salt damage diagnosis mortar panel containing metal powders is as follows: cement, sand, metal powders, and, if necessary, various additives and water, and the mixture is kneaded, and the exposed surface is lowered. The method of pouring into a frame is preferable because metal powders segregate in the surface layer.
The ratio of cement, sand and water is not particularly limited as long as the object of the present invention is satisfied. However, the sand is preferably 400 parts or less and the water is preferably 20 to 100 parts with respect to 100 parts of cement. Is more preferably 50 to 300 parts and water is more preferably 30 to 60 parts. The mortar usually refers to a mixture of cement, sand and water, but the present invention also includes a mixture of cement and water without using sand.
塩害診断用モルタルパネルの形状は特に限定されないが、通常、角板状、円盤状、楕円形状等が選ばれる。直径または長さは特に限定されないが、設置の際の作業性、設置スペースや設置したモルタルパネルの視認性から、通常は３〜１０ｃｍ程度にすることが好ましい。また、厚さは、取付け、取り外しの際に割れ難く、かつ自重で剥離落下しない厚さが好ましく、具体的には、０．２〜５ｃｍが好ましく、０．５〜１ｃｍがより好ましい。 Although the shape of the salt damage diagnosis mortar panel is not particularly limited, a rectangular plate, a disk, an ellipse, or the like is usually selected. Although the diameter or length is not particularly limited, it is usually preferably about 3 to 10 cm from the viewpoint of workability during installation, installation space and visibility of the installed mortar panel. Further, the thickness is preferably such that it is hard to be broken at the time of attachment or detachment and does not peel off and drop by its own weight. Specifically, it is preferably 0.2 to 5 cm, more preferably 0.5 to 1 cm.
以下、実験例に基づいて、本発明を説明するが、本発明はこれらに限定するものではない。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described based on experimental examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
（実施例１）
塩分の噴霧回数、セメントの種類の影響をみるため、以下の実験を行った。
使用材料
白色セメント系モルタル：白色ポルトランドセメント（太平洋セメント株式会社製）＋砂（東北珪砂株式会社製、７号ケイ砂）
普通ポルトランドセメント系モルタル：普通ポルトランドセメント（デンカ株式会社製）＋砂（東北珪砂株式会社製、７号ケイ砂）
金属粉末：試薬鉄粉（キシダ化学株式会社、純度９９．５％以上）をＪＩＳ標準篩いで篩い分けし、目開き４５μｍ篩い上かつ目開き３００μｍ篩い下に粒子径を調整した鉄粉。
水：蒸留水
上記使用材料を用いて、以下の通りモルタルパネルを作製した。白色セメント系モルタルは、白色ポルトランドセメントと砂の割合を１：１、白色ポルトランドセメントと水の割合を２：１、さらに白色ポルトランドセメントと砂の合計１００部に対して鉄粉を１０部の割合で秤量し、モルタルミキサーに全材料を投入、低速で３０秒間練り混ぜた後、高速で９０秒間練り混ぜ、モルタルを作製した。練りあがったモルタルを、開口部が４×４ｃｍ、深さが０．５ｃｍの型枠に打込み、２０℃−８０％Ｒ．Ｈ．の恒温恒湿室にて３日間養生後、型枠から取り外して角板状のモルタルパネルを作製した。
また、白色ポルトランドセメントを普通ポルトランドセメントに置き換えた普通ポルトランドセメント系モルタルパネルも同様の方法で作製した。さらに、比較として鉄粉を添加しないモルタルパネルも同様の方法で作製した。
(Example 1)
The following experiment was conducted to see the effects of the number of sprays of salt and the type of cement.
Materials used White cement mortar: White Portland cement (manufactured by Taiheiyo Cement Co., Ltd.) + sand (Tohoku Quartz Sand Co., Ltd., No. 7 silica sand)
Ordinary Portland cement mortar: Ordinary Portland cement (manufactured by Denka Corporation) + sand (Tohoku Quartz Sand Co., Ltd., No. 7 silica sand)
Metal powder: Iron powder obtained by sieving a reagent iron powder (Kishida Chemical Co., Ltd., purity 99.5% or more) with a JIS standard sieve, and adjusting the particle size above a 45 μm sieve and below a 300 μm sieve.
Water: distilled water A mortar panel was prepared as described below using the above-mentioned materials. The white cement mortar has a ratio of white Portland cement to sand of 1: 1, a ratio of white Portland cement to water of 2: 1, and a ratio of 10 parts of iron powder to a total of 100 parts of white Portland cement and sand. , And all the materials were put into a mortar mixer, kneaded at a low speed for 30 seconds, and kneaded at a high speed for 90 seconds to prepare a mortar. The kneaded mortar is poured into a mold having an opening of 4 × 4 cm and a depth of 0.5 cm. H. After curing for 3 days in a constant temperature / humidity chamber, a square plate-like mortar panel was prepared by removing from the mold.
Further, a normal Portland cement mortar panel in which white Portland cement was replaced with normal Portland cement was produced in the same manner. Further, for comparison, a mortar panel to which no iron powder was added was prepared in the same manner.
作製したモルタルパネルを垂直な衝立に取り付け、蒸留水および３％の塩化ナトリウム水溶液を３時間噴霧と３日間気中曝露を所定回数繰り返した。実験温度は、実施例２〜５も含め、全て３０℃とした。 The prepared mortar panel was attached to a vertical partition, and spraying with distilled water and a 3% aqueous sodium chloride solution for 3 hours and air exposure for 3 days were repeated a predetermined number of times. The experimental temperature was set to 30 ° C., including Examples 2 to 5.
モルタルパネルへ塩化ナトリウム水溶液を繰り返し噴霧した結果、白色ポルトランドセメントを使用し鉄粉を添加したものは、噴霧回数の増加とともに着色面積は増加した。所定回数噴霧を繰り返した後、モルタルパネル表面の変色した部分の面積を測定した。着色面積は、モルタルパネルをデジタルカメラで撮影し、このデータを２値化して変色部分を黒色に、変色の無い部分を白色に変換し、この黒色の部分のしめる割合を算出することにより行った。なお、データ処理は画像処理ソフトの１つであるＩｍａｇｅＪ（日本語版）で行った。 As a result of repeatedly spraying the aqueous solution of sodium chloride onto the mortar panel, the colored area increased with the number of times of spraying when using white Portland cement and adding iron powder. After the spraying was repeated a predetermined number of times, the area of the discolored portion on the mortar panel surface was measured. The coloring area was obtained by photographing a mortar panel with a digital camera, binarizing the data, converting a discolored portion to black, and converting a non-discolored portion to white, and calculating the ratio of the black portion. . The data processing was performed using ImageJ (Japanese version), which is one of image processing software.
表１に示したとおり、鉄粉を添加したモルタルパネルは、塩水の噴霧回数が多くなるにつれて着色面積が増加した。
鉄粉を添加した普通ポルトランドセメント系モルタルパネルは素地の色の影響で白色セメント系モルタルパネルに比べて着色の判別がしづらく、上記方法で着色面積を数値化した場合、小さな値となった。
また、鉄粉を加えないモルタルパネル、塩化ナトリウム水溶液の代わりに蒸留水を噴霧したモルタルパネルは、着色しなかった。
As shown in Table 1, in the mortar panel to which the iron powder was added, the coloring area increased as the number of times of spraying the salt water increased.
The ordinary Portland cement-based mortar panel to which iron powder was added was difficult to distinguish the coloring compared to the white cement-based mortar panel due to the effect of the base color, and when the coloring area was quantified by the above method, the value was small.
The mortar panel to which iron powder was not added and the mortar panel to which distilled water was sprayed instead of the aqueous sodium chloride solution were not colored.
（実施例２）
金属粉末の添加量の影響をみるため、以下の実験を行った。
鉄粉の添加量を、白色ポルトランドセメントと砂の合計１００部に対して１〜５０部に変えたこと以外は実施例１と同様の操作を行い、モルタルパネルを作製した。
さらに、鉄粉添加量２０部については、型枠へ２ｍｍおよび１ｍｍの厚さで打設し、３時間後に鉄粉を添加しないモルタルを上から打設して０．５ｃｍとなるようにして鉄粉を添加した層を暴露面とする２層構造のモルタルパネルも作製した。
また、作製したモルタルパネルについて５０倍の顕微鏡を用いて曝露面を４箇所撮影し、各写真の露出している鉄粉の個数をカウントして、４箇所の平均値と撮影面積より１ｃｍ２あたりの平均露出数を算出した。
(Example 2)
The following experiment was conducted to see the effect of the amount of the metal powder added.
A mortar panel was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the addition amount of the iron powder was changed to 1 to 50 parts with respect to 100 parts of white Portland cement and sand in total.
Further, about 20 parts of iron powder addition amount, it was poured into a mold at a thickness of 2 mm and 1 mm, and after 3 hours, mortar without addition of iron powder was poured from above to make the iron to 0.5 cm. A mortar panel having a two-layer structure in which the layer to which the powder was added was exposed was also manufactured.
Further, by using a 50 power microscope for mortar panel manufactured by photographing exposure surface 4 locations, by counting the number of iron powder are exposed for each photo, 2 per 1cm from photographing area and the average value of 4 points The average number of exposures was calculated.
作製したモルタルパネルを垂直な衝立に取り付け、３％の塩化ナトリウム水溶液を３時間噴霧と３日間気中曝露を２０回繰り返した。 The prepared mortar panel was attached to a vertical screen, and spraying with a 3% aqueous sodium chloride solution for 3 hours and air exposure for 3 days were repeated 20 times.
表２に示したとおり、鉄粉添加量が多くなるにつれて曝露面に露出する鉄粒子の個数も大きくなり、モルタルパネルの着色面積が大きくなった。鉄粉添加量が０．５部では曝露面に露出する鉄粒子が８０個／ｃｍ２未満となり着色部分が小さく着色面積が判り難く、また鉄粉添加量が５０部の場合には曝露面に露出する鉄粒子が３０００個／ｃｍ２を超え、腐食による鉄粉の体積膨張のためモルタルパネル表層の剥離が発生した。
また、鉄粉添加量４０部のモルタルパネルは、３０部以下の添加量のパネルに比べ強度が小さく、衝立からの取外しの際に破損するものがあり、鉄粉の添加量は３０部以下が好ましい。
さらに、鉄粉を２０部添加した層と鉄粉無添加の層の２層からなるモルタルパネルについては、鉄粉添加層の厚さに関わらず曝露面に露出する鉄粒子の単位面積あたりの数が同じとなり、鉄粉を２０部添加した場合と同様の結果が得られた。
As shown in Table 2, as the amount of iron powder added increased, the number of iron particles exposed on the exposed surface increased, and the coloring area of the mortar panel increased. When the amount of iron powder added is 0.5 part, the iron particles exposed on the exposed surface are less than 80 particles / cm 2 , and the colored portion is small and the colored area is difficult to understand. The exposed iron particles exceeded 3000 particles / cm 2, and the mortar panel surface layer peeled off due to the volume expansion of the iron powder due to corrosion.
In addition, the mortar panel with an addition amount of iron powder of 40 parts is smaller in strength than a panel with an addition amount of 30 parts or less, and may be damaged when detached from a partition. The addition amount of iron powder is 30 parts or less. preferable.
Furthermore, for a mortar panel composed of two layers, a layer to which 20 parts of iron powder is added and a layer to which no iron powder is added, the number of iron particles per unit area exposed on the exposed surface regardless of the thickness of the iron powder added layer. Was the same, and the same result as in the case of adding 20 parts of iron powder was obtained.
（実施例３）
鉄粉の粒子径の影響をみるため、以下の実験を行った。
試薬鉄粉をＪＩＳ標準篩いによって篩い分けし、目開き４５μｍ篩い上かつ目開き５００μｍ篩い下品、目開き５００μｍ篩い上品、目開き４５μｍ篩い下品に粒子径を分け、それぞれの鉄粉を使用したこと以外は実施例１と同様にモルタルパネルを作製した。なお、使用したセメントは白色ポルトランドセメントで、篩い分けした鉄粉はセメント＋砂１００部に対して１０部添加した。
(Example 3)
The following experiment was conducted to see the effect of the particle size of the iron powder.
Reagent iron powder is sieved using a JIS standard sieve, and the particle size is divided into a 45 μm sieve and a 500 μm sieve, a 500 μm sieve, and a 45 μm sieve, with the exception that each iron powder is used. Produced a mortar panel in the same manner as in Example 1. The cement used was white Portland cement, and 10 parts of the sieved iron powder was added to 100 parts of cement and sand.
作製したモルタルパネルを垂直な衝立に取り付け、３％の塩化ナトリウム水溶液の３時間噴霧と３日間気中曝露を２０回繰り返した。 The prepared mortar panel was attached to a vertical screen, and spraying with a 3% aqueous solution of sodium chloride for 3 hours and air exposure for 3 days were repeated 20 times.
表３に示したとおり、目開き５００μｍ篩いの篩い上品を使用したモルタルパネルは、表面の鉄粉が一部脱落した。また、目開き４５μｍ篩いの篩い下品を使用したモルタルパネルは、着色の判別が難しかった。４５−５００μｍに篩い分け品を使用したモルタルパネルは表面性状が平滑でなく、４５−３００μｍ篩い分け品を使用したモルタルパネルが最も好ましい結果を示した。 As shown in Table 3, in the mortar panel using the refined sieve having a mesh opening of 500 μm, part of the iron powder on the surface was dropped. Further, in the mortar panel using a sieve having a mesh size of 45 μm, it was difficult to determine the coloring. The mortar panel using the sieved product of 45-500 μm did not have smooth surface properties, and the mortar panel using the sieved product of 45-300 μm showed the most preferable result.
（実施例４）
表面を酸化させた金属粉末の影響をみるため、以下の実験を行った。
実施例１で使用した鉄粉を大気雰囲気の電気炉で８００℃−３時間加熱し表面を酸化させた。加熱処理により、重量が２７％増加し、この表面を酸化させた鉄粉を使用したこと以外は実施例１と同様の操作を行い、モルタルパネルを作製した。なお、セメントは白色ポルトランドセメントを使用し、表面を酸化させた鉄粉は、セメント＋砂１００部に対して１０部添加した。
(Example 4)
The following experiment was conducted in order to see the effect of the metal powder whose surface was oxidized.
The iron powder used in Example 1 was heated in an electric furnace in an air atmosphere at 800 ° C. for 3 hours to oxidize the surface. The heat treatment increased the weight by 27%, and the same operation as in Example 1 was carried out except that iron powder whose surface was oxidized was used to produce a mortar panel. The cement used was white Portland cement, and 10 parts of iron powder whose surface was oxidized were added to 100 parts of cement and sand.
作製したモルタルパネルを垂直な衝立に取り付け、３％の塩化ナトリウム水溶液の３時間噴霧と３日間の気中曝露を所定回数繰り返した。 The prepared mortar panel was attached to a vertical screen, and spraying of a 3% aqueous sodium chloride solution for 3 hours and air exposure for 3 days were repeated a predetermined number of times.
表４に示したとおり、表面を酸化させた鉄粉を用いたモルタルパネルは、酸化処理を行ってない鉄粉を用いたモルタルパネルと同様に着色した。噴霧２０回後の着色面積は、酸化処理を行ってない鉄粉を使用した場合に比べて小さいが、噴霧４０回後の着色面積は、酸化処理を行わない鉄粉を使用したモルタルパネル噴霧２０回後と同等の着色面積となった。このことから、表面を酸化させた鉄粉を用いたモルタルパネルは、酸化処理を行わないモルタルパネルよりも厳しい塩害環境においても使用が可能である。
なお、表面を酸化させた鉄粉を加えたモルタルパネルに蒸留水を噴霧したものは、着色しなかった。
As shown in Table 4, the mortar panel using the iron powder whose surface was oxidized was colored in the same manner as the mortar panel using the iron powder not subjected to the oxidation treatment. The colored area after 20 times of spraying is smaller than the case where iron powder without oxidation treatment is used, but the colored area after 40 times of spraying is the same as that of mortar panel spray 20 using iron powder without oxidation treatment. The coloring area was equivalent to that after the rotation. From this, the mortar panel using the iron powder whose surface has been oxidized can be used even in a more severe salt damage environment than the mortar panel not subjected to the oxidation treatment.
The mortar panel to which the iron powder whose surface was oxidized was sprayed with distilled water was not colored.
（実施例５）
銅粉の影響をみるため、以下の実験を行った。
鉄粉の代わりに市販の銅粉（試薬１級 粒子径７５−１５０μｍ、純度９９．５％以上）を使用したこと以外は実施例１と同様の操作を行い、モルタルパネルを作製した。なお、セメントは白色ポルトランドセメントを使用し、銅粉はセメント＋砂１００部に対して１０部添加した。モルタルパネル作製後のモルタルパネル表面は、全体が薄い桃色を呈した。
(Example 5)
The following experiment was performed to see the effect of copper powder.
A mortar panel was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a commercially available copper powder (reagent first grade particle size: 75 to 150 μm, purity: 99.5% or more) was used instead of the iron powder. The cement used was white Portland cement, and 10 parts of copper powder was added to 100 parts of cement and sand. The surface of the mortar panel after the production of the mortar panel exhibited a light pink color as a whole.
作製したモルタルパネルを垂直な衝立に取り付け、３％の塩化ナトリウム水溶液の３時間噴霧と３日間気中曝露を所定回数繰り返した。 The prepared mortar panel was attached to a vertical screen, and spraying with a 3% aqueous sodium chloride solution for 3 hours and air exposure for 3 days were repeated a predetermined number of times.
表５に示したとおり、銅粉を用いたモルタルパネルは、鉄粉使用時よりも早く変色し、噴霧５回後に全体が薄い青色に変色した。その後、２０回まで継続したが、色の濃さに変化は無かった。このことより、銅粉を用いたモルタルパネルは、塩害環境の強弱を見るには適してないが、塩分の有無を鉄粉より早く判定することが出来る。
なお、塩化ナトリウム水溶液の代わりに蒸留水を噴霧したモルタルパネルは、噴霧を２０回実施しても着色しなかった。
As shown in Table 5, the mortar panel using the copper powder discolored earlier than when using the iron powder, and the whole discolored to light blue after 5 sprays. Thereafter, the process was continued up to 20 times, but there was no change in the color density. Thus, the mortar panel using the copper powder is not suitable for checking the strength of the salt damage environment, but can determine the presence or absence of the salt more quickly than the iron powder.
The mortar panel sprayed with distilled water instead of the aqueous sodium chloride solution did not color even after spraying 20 times.
（実施例６）
鉄粉を添加したモルタルパネルの着色量と、モルタルパネル中の塩分量の関係をみるため、以下の実験を行った。
鉄粉を添加したモルタルパネルは実験Ｎｏ.１−１と同様の操作を行い作製した。
一方、塩分量を測定する方法として、特許第５６８６３４９号に記載の実験例１の表２中Ｎｏ.１−４のモルタルパネルを作製した。
(Example 6)
The following experiment was conducted to see the relationship between the coloring amount of the mortar panel to which iron powder was added and the amount of salt in the mortar panel.
The mortar panel to which iron powder was added was prepared by performing the same operation as in Experiment No. 1-1.
On the other hand, as a method for measuring the amount of salt, a mortar panel No. 1-4 in Table 2 of Experimental Example 1 described in Japanese Patent No. 5686349 was produced.
鉄粉を添加したモルタルパネルと、塩分量を測定するモルタルパネルをそれぞれ垂直な衝立に取り付け、３％の塩化ナトリウム水溶液を３時間噴霧と３日間気中曝露を所定回数繰り返し実施した。 The mortar panel to which the iron powder was added and the mortar panel for measuring the amount of salt were respectively attached to vertical screens, and spraying with a 3% aqueous sodium chloride solution for 3 hours and air exposure for 3 days were repeatedly performed a predetermined number of times.
所定回数の塩化ナトリウム水溶液噴霧を行った供試体を衝立から取外し、鉄粉を添加したパネルは着色面積を測定し、一方、塩分量を測定するモルタルパネルはＪＩＳ Ａ１１５４の「硬化コンクリート中に含まれる塩化物イオンの試験方法」に基づき、全塩化物イオン量（以下、塩分量と記載する）を測定し、表６を得た。
なお、特許第５６８６３４９号に記載の実験例１の表２中Ｎｏ.１−４の方法で作製したモルタルパネルの塩分量は０．１１ｋｇ／ｍ３であった。
The specimen sprayed with the aqueous solution of sodium chloride a predetermined number of times is removed from the screen, and the panel to which iron powder is added measures the coloring area, while the mortar panel for measuring the amount of salt is included in JIS A1154 “Contained in hardened concrete. Based on "Test Method for Chloride Ion", the total amount of chloride ions (hereinafter, referred to as salt content) was measured, and Table 6 was obtained.
In addition, the salt amount of the mortar panel produced by the method of No. 1-4 in Table 2 of Experimental Example 1 described in Japanese Patent No. 5686349 was 0.11 kg / m 3 .
表６に示した通り、鉄粉を添加したモルタルパネルの着色面積はモルタルパネルの塩分量の増加と共に大きくなることが示された。
なお、実験Ｎｏ．６−４に示す通り、蒸留水を噴霧したモルタルパネルは着色せず、モルタルパネルの塩分量の変化はなかった。
As shown in Table 6, it was shown that the coloring area of the mortar panel to which the iron powder was added increased as the salt content of the mortar panel increased.
Note that the experiment No. As shown in 6-4, the mortar panel sprayed with distilled water was not colored, and there was no change in the salt content of the mortar panel.
（実施例７）
実施例６と同様に、鉄粉を添加したモルタルパネルと、塩分量を測定するためのモルタルパネルを作製し、糸魚川市の海岸から３０ｍ離れた供用開始から３０年以上経過していえるコンクリート橋の梁に５ｍ間隔でそれぞれモルタルパネルを取り付け、１年後に回収して実施例６と同様の方法で着色量及び塩分量を測定し、表７を得た。
(Example 7)
In the same manner as in Example 6, a mortar panel to which iron powder was added and a mortar panel for measuring the amount of salt were produced, and a concrete bridge which can be said to have been in operation for more than 30 years since the start of service at a distance of 30 m from the coast of Itoigawa City. Mortar panels were attached to the beams at intervals of 5 m, and were collected one year later. The amount of coloring and the amount of salt were measured in the same manner as in Example 6, and Table 7 was obtained.
表７に示す通り、海側の梁に設置した鉄粉を添加したモルタルパネルの着色面積は、２０〜２５％であり、塩分量は４ｋｇ／ｍ３前後であった。一方、山側に設置した鉄粉を添加したモルタルパネルは着色しておらず、塩分量は１ｋｇ／ｍ３程度であった。
このように、鉄粉を添加したモルタルパネルの着色度合いと、モルタルパネルの塩分量のどちらも同様に、海側の梁の塩害環境が山側に比べて厳しいことが示され、供用年数を考慮し、この結果を基に同橋梁の補修は、海側の部分のみ、耐塩害性に優れた断面修復材で補修することを提案することにした。
このように金属粉および／または表面を酸化させた金属粉を含有したモルタルパネルをコンクリート構造物に設置し、モルタルパネル表面の変色を利用することにより、設置された箇所のコンクリート構造物の診断が可能となり、補修箇所を特定することができる。
従来技術と比較するため、ＪＦＥテクノリサーチ株式会社製の鋼製ワッペン試験片（５×５ｃｍ、厚さ０．２ｃｍ）をそれぞれの位置に取り付け観察したが、風雨の影響により山側のワッペン試験片も海側と同様に腐食し、明確な差異は認められず、コンクリート構造物の塩害診断は困難であった。
As shown in Table 7, the coloring area of the mortar panel to which the iron powder was added placed on the sea-side beam was 20 to 25%, and the salt content was about 4 kg / m 3 . On the other hand, the mortar panel to which the iron powder was added provided on the mountain side was not colored, and the amount of salt was about 1 kg / m 3 .
In this way, it was shown that both the degree of coloring of the mortar panel to which iron powder was added and the salt content of the mortar panel were more severe in the salt-damage environment of the sea-side beams than in the mountain-side. Based on the results, it was decided to propose that the bridge be repaired only on the sea side with a cross-section restoration material with excellent resistance to salt damage.
By installing the mortar panel containing the metal powder and / or the metal powder whose surface is oxidized in this way on the concrete structure and utilizing the discoloration of the mortar panel surface, diagnosis of the concrete structure at the installed location can be performed. It becomes possible, and the repair location can be specified.
For comparison with the conventional technology, a steel emblem test specimen (5 × 5 cm, 0.2 cm thick) manufactured by JFE Techno Research Co., Ltd. was attached to each position and observed. It corroded in the same way as the sea side, and no clear difference was observed, making it difficult to diagnose salt damage to concrete structures.
Claims (4)
The corrosion of the metal powder in the mortar panel and / or the metal powder whose surface has been oxidized by salt from the outside progresses, and the discoloration of the mortar panel diagnoses the salt damage of the concrete structure where the mortar panel is installed. A salt damage diagnosis method using the mortar panel for salt damage diagnosis of a concrete structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3 .
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