JP6666790B2 - Organic matter treatment method and organic matter treatment device by methane fermentation - Google Patents

Organic matter treatment method and organic matter treatment device by methane fermentation Download PDF

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JP6666790B2
JP6666790B2 JP2016099717A JP2016099717A JP6666790B2 JP 6666790 B2 JP6666790 B2 JP 6666790B2 JP 2016099717 A JP2016099717 A JP 2016099717A JP 2016099717 A JP2016099717 A JP 2016099717A JP 6666790 B2 JP6666790 B2 JP 6666790B2
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methane
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長谷川 進
進 長谷川
直子 徳田
直子 徳田
徹也 竹林
徹也 竹林
憲明 塩田
憲明 塩田
水口 護
護 水口
利崇 加藤
利崇 加藤
祐二 山▲崎▼
祐二 山▲崎▼
雅庸 井上
雅庸 井上
佳史 坂口
佳史 坂口
文隆 射場
文隆 射場
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Sanki Engineering Co Ltd
Shinko Pantec Co Ltd
Takenaka Corp
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Takenaka Corp
Kobelco Eco Solutions Co Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Description

本発明は、並列に配置された複数のメタン発酵槽を用いて有機物をメタン発酵させる処理方法であって、メタン発酵槽の1槽のメタン発酵状態が悪化して、メタン発酵槽の運転管理基準値を満たさなくなった場合に、残りのメタン発酵槽のメタン発酵処理液を当該1槽へと供給する処理方法及び処理装置に関する。   The present invention is a treatment method for methane fermenting organic matter using a plurality of methane fermenters arranged in parallel, wherein the methane fermentation state of one of the methane fermenters deteriorates, and the operation control standard of the methane fermenter is deteriorated. The present invention relates to a processing method and a processing apparatus for supplying a methane fermentation treatment liquid of the remaining methane fermentation tank to the one tank when the value is no longer satisfied.

下水処理汚泥又は生ごみのような有機性廃棄物の処理方法として、環境負荷が小さく、エネルギー源となるメタンガスを回収し得るメタン発酵処理が広く用いられている。メタン発酵処理においては、メタン菌のような嫌気性微生物によって、効率良く有機性廃棄物を分解し、メタンガスを回収する必要がある。そのためには、メタン発酵槽内の発酵状態を最適に保持することが重要となる。   As a method of treating organic waste such as sewage sludge or garbage, methane fermentation treatment that has a small environmental load and can collect methane gas as an energy source is widely used. In the methane fermentation treatment, it is necessary to efficiently decompose organic waste and recover methane gas by anaerobic microorganisms such as methane bacteria. For that purpose, it is important to maintain the fermentation state in the methane fermentation tank optimally.

メタン発酵槽において、有機物の負荷が過大となれば、有機物の分解により有機酸が生成されてメタン菌の被処理液のpHが7以下となったり、ORP(酸化還元電位)が-300mV以下になったりする。このような状態になると、メタン菌の活性が低下し、メタン発酵槽を継続して運転することが困難となる。低下したメタン発酵槽内のメタン菌の活性を回復するためには、メタン発酵槽内の菌体を入れ替える必要も生じ、長期間運転を中止せざるを得ない自体もあり得る。   In a methane fermentation tank, if the load of organic matter becomes excessive, organic acid is generated by the decomposition of organic matter, and the pH of the liquid to be treated with methane bacteria becomes 7 or less, and the ORP (redox potential) becomes -300 mV or less. Or become. In such a state, the activity of the methane bacteria decreases, and it becomes difficult to continuously operate the methane fermenter. In order to recover the decreased activity of the methane bacteria in the methane fermentation tank, it is necessary to replace the cells in the methane fermentation tank, and the operation may have to be stopped for a long time.

特許文献1は、加水分解槽の後段にメタン発酵槽を並列に接続し、あるメタン発酵槽内で嫌気性微生物の活性が低下した場合には、メタン発酵槽内の内容物を入れ替えることにより、活性の低下を抑制又は回復させる方法を開示している。   Patent Literature 1 discloses a method in which a methane fermentation tank is connected in parallel to a stage subsequent to a hydrolysis tank, and when the activity of an anaerobic microorganism decreases in a certain methane fermentation tank, the contents in the methane fermentation tank are replaced. A method for suppressing or restoring the decrease in activity is disclosed.

特許文献2は、排水中の有機物を酸生成菌によって発酵処理した後、並列に設置された嫌気性処理槽を用いて嫌気性処理することにより、嫌気性処理槽の負荷の管理を容易とする方法が開示されている。   Patent Literature 2 facilitates the management of the load of the anaerobic treatment tank by performing an anaerobic treatment using an anaerobic treatment tank installed in parallel after fermenting the organic matter in the wastewater with an acid-producing bacterium. A method is disclosed.

特許文献3は、廃水流入管路から分岐された複数の流入管路毎にそれぞれ嫌気性リアクタを設け、流入負荷分配制御装置によって各嫌気性リアクタに対する廃水分配量を調整し、嫌気性リアクタの負荷を安定化させる技術が開示されている。   Patent Document 3 discloses that an anaerobic reactor is provided for each of a plurality of inflow pipes branched from a wastewater inflow pipe, and the amount of wastewater distributed to each of the anaerobic reactors is adjusted by an inflow load distribution control device. Are disclosed.

特許第3389211号公報Japanese Patent No. 3389211 特開2006−198484号公報JP 2006-198484 A 特開昭62−286594号公報JP-A-62-286594

特許文献1〜3に開示されている発明においては、並列に配置された複数の嫌気性発酵槽(メタン発酵槽)を使用して有機性廃水を処理しているが、有機物の負荷が上昇した場合には、負荷を下げるように流入量を減少させるか、種汚泥を追加してメタン菌の活性を上昇させることになる。   In the inventions disclosed in Patent Literatures 1 to 3, organic wastewater is treated using a plurality of anaerobic fermenters (methane fermenters) arranged in parallel, but the load of organic substances has increased. In such a case, the inflow is reduced so as to reduce the load, or the seed sludge is added to increase the activity of methane bacteria.

しかし、流入量を減少させる場合には、その間の処理量が減少し、処理できなかった廃棄物等がそのまま産業廃棄物として処理せざるを得なくなる。また、種汚泥を投入したり、嫌気性発酵槽の内容物を入れ替えたりする場合には、多くの労力と費用がかかる。   However, when the inflow amount is reduced, the amount of processing during that time is reduced, and the unprocessed waste or the like must be treated as industrial waste as it is. In addition, a large amount of labor and cost is required when introducing seed sludge or replacing the contents of an anaerobic fermenter.

本発明は、メタン発酵槽全体の処理能力を維持しつつ、容易な手段でメタン発酵の不調を発見し、メタン菌の活性を回復させ得る有機物処理方法及び有機物処理装置の提供を目的とする。   An object of the present invention is to provide an organic substance processing method and an organic substance processing apparatus capable of finding a disorder in methane fermentation by an easy means and recovering the activity of methane bacteria while maintaining the processing capacity of the entire methane fermentation tank.

本発明者は、複数のメタン発酵槽を使用して有機物を含有する被発酵液を処理する場合に、有機物負荷が上昇しても、全部のメタン発酵槽が同時に不調とならず、処理能力を落とさず、労力もかからないようにするための方法について、鋭意検討した。その結果、本発明者は、複数のメタン発酵槽のうちの1槽を、他のメタン発酵槽よりも有機物負荷が高くなるように設定すれば、その1槽のメタン発酵槽が最先に不調となるので、全部のメタン発酵槽が同時に不調となることを防止し得ることを見出した。   The present inventor has found that when a fermentation liquid containing organic matter is treated using a plurality of methane fermentation tanks, even if the organic matter load increases, all the methane fermentation tanks do not malfunction simultaneously, and the processing capacity is reduced. We studied diligently how to avoid dropping and saving labor. As a result, if the present inventor sets one of the plurality of methane fermentation tanks to have a higher organic substance load than the other methane fermentation tanks, the one methane fermentation tank malfunctions first. Therefore, it has been found that all the methane fermenters can be prevented from malfunctioning simultaneously.

また、本発明者は、その1槽のメタン発酵槽が不調となった場合には、他のメタン発酵槽のメタン発酵処理液を不調となった1槽のメタン発酵槽へ供給することにより、正常なメタン発酵槽の性能を維持したまま、不調となった1槽のメタン発酵槽の不調の原因となる阻害物質を速やかに排出すると同時に、メタン菌を補充可能となることを見出し、本発明を完成させるに至った。   In addition, the present inventor, when one of the methane fermentation tanks is malfunctioning, by supplying the methane fermentation treatment liquid of another methane fermentation tank to the malfunctioning one methane fermentation tank, The present invention has been found that it is possible to quickly discharge an inhibitory substance causing a malfunction in a malfunctioning methane fermentation tank while maintaining the performance of a normal methane fermentation tank, and to replenish methane bacteria at the same time. Was completed.

具体的に、本発明は、
有機性廃水又は有機性固形物をメタン発酵槽内でメタン発酵させる有機物処理方法であって、
有機物を含有する被発酵液を、並列に配置された複数のメタン発酵槽に供給し、
前記複数のメタン発酵槽のうち、ある一つの槽の有機物負荷が、他槽の有機物負荷よりも20%以上50%以下の範囲で高くなるように設定し、
前記一つの槽のメタン発酵状態が悪化して、メタン発酵槽の運転管理基準値を満たさなくなった場合、前記他槽の少なくとも一部の槽のメタン発酵処理液を前記一つの槽へと供給し、
前記一つの槽のメタン発酵状態がメタン発酵槽の運転管理基準値を満たすようになった場合、前記他槽の少なくとも一部の槽からのメタン発酵処理液の前記一つの槽への供給を停止する、ことを特徴とする、有機物処理方法に関する。
Specifically, the present invention
An organic matter treatment method of methane fermenting organic wastewater or organic solids in a methane fermentation tank,
The liquid to be fermented containing organic matter is supplied to a plurality of methane fermentation tanks arranged in parallel,
Among the plurality of methane fermentation tanks, the organic matter load of a certain tank is set to be higher than the organic matter load of another tank in a range of 20% or more and 50% or less,
When the methane fermentation state of the one tank is deteriorated and the operation management reference value of the methane fermentation tank is not satisfied, the methane fermentation treatment liquid of at least a part of the other tanks is supplied to the one tank. ,
When the methane fermentation state of the one tank satisfies the operation management reference value of the methane fermentation tank, supply of the methane fermentation treatment liquid from at least a part of the other tanks to the one tank is stopped. And a method for treating an organic substance.

本発明では、有機性廃水のような有機物を含有する被発酵液を、並列に配置された複数槽のメタン発酵槽によってメタン発酵させる際に、特定の1槽のみ、他のメタン発酵槽よりも有機物負荷が20%以上50%以下の範囲で高くなるように設定する。この特定の1槽以外のメタン発酵槽は、すべて有機物負荷は同じとする。この状態で被発酵液の処理を継続すると、有機物負荷が上昇した場合、有機物負荷が高く設定されている特定の1槽の処理能力が最先に限界に達する。   In the present invention, when a fermented liquid containing organic matter such as organic wastewater is subjected to methane fermentation by a plurality of methane fermentation tanks arranged in parallel, only one specific tank is used, compared to other methane fermentation tanks. The organic matter load is set to be higher in the range of 20% to 50%. The methane fermentation tanks other than this specific one tank all have the same organic substance load. If the processing of the liquid to be fermented is continued in this state, when the organic substance load increases, the processing capacity of a specific tank set with a high organic substance load reaches the limit first.

このとき、他のメタン発酵槽からメタン発酵処理液を特定の1槽へと供給することにより、特定の1槽の不調の原因となる阻害物質を速やかに排出すると同時に、メタン菌が供給されるため、特定の1槽の処理能力を回復させることが可能となる。また、この間、他のメタン発酵槽の処理能力も低下しない。   At this time, by supplying the methane fermentation treatment liquid from another methane fermentation tank to the specific one tank, the inhibitory substance causing the malfunction of the specific one tank is quickly discharged, and at the same time, the methane bacteria are supplied. Therefore, it is possible to recover the processing capacity of a specific one tank. During this time, the processing capacity of other methane fermentation tanks does not decrease.

前記メタン発酵槽の運転管理基準値の項目は、メタン発酵槽内のpH、n-Hex(ノルマルヘキサン)抽出物質濃度、VFA(揮発性脂肪酸)濃度、NH4-N(アンモニア性窒素)濃度、発生ガス中のメタン濃度、又はガス発生量の少なくとも1つであることが好ましい。 The items of the operation control standard value of the methane fermentation tank are pH, n-Hex (normal hexane) extract substance concentration, VFA (volatile fatty acid) concentration, NH 4 -N (ammonia nitrogen) concentration in the methane fermentation tank, It is preferably at least one of the methane concentration in the generated gas and the gas generation amount.

前記複数のメタン発酵槽の上流側に、有機物を含有する液体を嫌気性微生物によって生物処理する嫌気性生物処理槽を設け、
前記嫌気性生物処理槽の処理液を被発酵液として並列に配置された前記複数のメタン発酵槽に供給することも好ましい。
On the upstream side of the plurality of methane fermentation tanks, an anaerobic biological treatment tank for biologically treating a liquid containing an organic substance by anaerobic microorganisms is provided,
It is also preferable to supply the treatment liquid in the anaerobic biological treatment tank as the liquid to be fermented to the plurality of methane fermentation tanks arranged in parallel.

本発明はまた、
並列に配置された複数のメタン発酵槽と、
前記メタン発酵槽の運転管理基準値を検出する検出器と、
を備え、有機性廃水又は有機性固形物をメタン発酵槽内でメタン発酵させる有機物処理装置であって、
前記複数のメタン発酵槽のうち、一つの槽の有機物負荷が、他槽の有機物負荷よりも20%以上50%以下の範囲で高くなるように設定されており、
前記一つのメタン発酵槽の運転管理基準値が満たされなくなったことを前記検出器が検出した場合、前記他槽の少なくとも一部の槽の処理液を前記一つの槽に投入し、
前記一つの槽のメタン発酵状態がメタン発酵槽の運転管理基準値を満たすようになった場合、前記他槽の少なくとも一部の槽からのメタン発酵処理液の前記一つの槽への供給を停止する、ことを特徴とする、有機物処理装置に関する。
The present invention also provides
A plurality of methane fermenters arranged in parallel,
A detector for detecting an operation management reference value of the methane fermentation tank,
Comprising, an organic matter treatment device for methane fermentation of organic wastewater or organic solids in a methane fermentation tank,
Among the plurality of methane fermentation tanks, the organic matter load of one tank is set to be higher than the organic matter load of another tank in a range of 20% or more and 50% or less,
When the detector detects that the operation management reference value of the one methane fermentation tank is no longer satisfied, the treatment liquid of at least a part of the other tank is put into the one tank,
When the methane fermentation state of the one tank satisfies the operation management reference value of the methane fermentation tank, supply of the methane fermentation treatment liquid from at least a part of the other tanks to the one tank is stopped. And an organic matter processing apparatus.

前記検出器の検出対象は、メタン発酵槽内のpH、n-Hex抽出物質濃度、VFA濃度、NH4-N濃度、発生ガス中のメタン濃度、又はガス発生量の少なくとも1つであることが好ましい。 The detection target of the detector may be at least one of pH in the methane fermentation tank, n-Hex extract substance concentration, VFA concentration, NH 4 -N concentration, methane concentration in generated gas, or gas generation amount. preferable.

本発明によれば、メタン発酵槽全体の処理能力を維持しつつ、容易な手段でメタン発酵の不調を発見し、メタン菌の活性を回復させ得る。   ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, malfunction of methane fermentation can be discovered by an easy means, and the activity of methane bacteria can be recovered, maintaining the processing capacity of the whole methane fermentation tank.

本発明の有機物処理方法における、通常運転時のメタン発酵処理液のフローを示す。3 shows a flow of a methane fermentation treatment liquid during normal operation in the organic matter treatment method of the present invention. 本発明の有機物処理方法において、特定のメタン発酵槽1槽が不調となった場合のメタン発酵処理液のフローを示す。2 shows a flow of a methane fermentation treatment liquid when one specific methane fermentation tank becomes out of order in the organic matter treatment method of the present invention.

本発明の実施の形態について、適宜図面を参照しながら説明する。本発明は、以下の記載に限定されない。   Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings as appropriate. The present invention is not limited to the following description.

図1は、本発明の有機物処理方法における、通常運転時のメタン発酵処理液のフローを示す。固形、半固形又は液状の有機性廃棄物は、必要に応じて水と混合された後、原料槽内で適宜ミキサーのような粉砕装置を用いて粉砕される。原料槽内の被発酵液は、有機物濃度がメタン発酵に適した状態になるように調整された後、ポンプPによってメタン発酵槽1及びメタン発酵槽2へと移送される。図1では、メタン発酵槽の前段に原料槽を設けられているが、メタン発酵槽1及びメタン発酵槽2へと有機性廃棄物及び水を直接投入してもよい。   FIG. 1 shows the flow of a methane fermentation treatment liquid during normal operation in the organic matter treatment method of the present invention. The solid, semi-solid or liquid organic waste is mixed with water as necessary, and then pulverized in a raw material tank using a pulverizing device such as a mixer as appropriate. The liquid to be fermented in the raw material tank is transferred to the methane fermentation tank 1 and the methane fermentation tank 2 by the pump P after the organic substance concentration is adjusted to be in a state suitable for methane fermentation. In FIG. 1, the raw material tank is provided before the methane fermentation tank, but the organic waste and water may be directly supplied to the methane fermentation tank 1 and the methane fermentation tank 2.

図1には図示されていないが、原料槽とメタン発酵槽1及びメタン発酵槽2との間(メタン発酵槽1及びメタン発酵槽2の上流側)に、被発酵液(有機物を含有する液体)を嫌気性微生物によって生物処理する嫌気性生物処理槽を設け、嫌気性生物処理槽の処理液を被発酵液として並列に配置されたメタン発酵槽1及びメタン発酵槽2に供給するようにしてもよい。このような構成とすることにより、被発酵液中の有機性固形物を酸発酵によって生物学的に分解及び可溶化することが可能となり、後続するメタン発酵の発酵効率を向上させることが可能となる。   Although not shown in FIG. 1, between the raw material tank and the methane fermentation tank 1 and the methane fermentation tank 2 (upstream of the methane fermentation tank 1 and the methane fermentation tank 2), a liquid to be fermented (liquid containing organic matter) is provided. ) Is provided with an anaerobic biological treatment tank for biological treatment with an anaerobic microorganism, and the treatment liquid in the anaerobic biological treatment tank is supplied as a liquid to be fermented to the methane fermentation tanks 1 and 2 arranged in parallel. Is also good. With such a configuration, the organic solids in the liquid to be fermented can be biologically decomposed and solubilized by acid fermentation, and the fermentation efficiency of the subsequent methane fermentation can be improved. Become.

メタン発酵槽1及びメタン発酵槽2は、原料槽から移送される被発酵液をメタン発酵させるために並列に設置されている。ここでは、メタン発酵槽1の有機物負荷を、メタン発酵槽2の有機物負荷の20%以上50%以下の範囲で高くなるように設定されている。すなわち、メタン発酵槽1の有機物負荷は、メタン発酵槽2の有機物負荷の120%以上150%以下の範囲に調整される。有機物負荷の調整は、例えば、投入量を計量しながら、投入ポンプの吐出量を調整することによって行うことが可能である。   The methane fermentation tank 1 and the methane fermentation tank 2 are installed in parallel in order to methane ferment the liquid to be fermented transferred from the raw material tank. Here, the organic matter load of the methane fermentation tank 1 is set to be higher in the range of 20% to 50% of the organic matter load of the methane fermentation tank 2. That is, the organic matter load of the methane fermentation tank 1 is adjusted to a range of 120% to 150% of the organic matter load of the methane fermentation tank 2. The adjustment of the organic substance load can be performed, for example, by adjusting the discharge amount of the charging pump while measuring the charging amount.

攪拌を伴う中温消化タンクでは、低負荷のメタン発酵槽は2.4〜4.4 kgVSS/m3/dの範囲で、高負荷のメタン発酵槽は4.4〜6.4 kgVSS/m3/dの範囲で運転することが一般的である。設定負荷の差が大きい方が、高負荷であるメタン発酵槽1の異常を早く検知でき、低負荷であるメタン発酵槽2の発酵状態を確実に守ることができる。しかし、設定負荷の差が大きいと、高負荷であるメタン発酵槽1の異常が頻繁に起こる可能性がある。 The mesophilic digestion tank with stirring, at a range of low load methane fermentation tank of 2.4~4.4 kgVSS / m 3 / d, the methane fermentation tank of a high load to be operated in the range of 4.4~6.4 kgVSS / m 3 / d Is common. The larger the difference in the set load, the sooner the abnormality of the methane fermentation tank 1 with a high load can be detected, and the fermentation state of the methane fermentation tank 2 with a low load can be reliably protected. However, if the difference between the set loads is large, abnormality of the methane fermentation tank 1 having a high load may frequently occur.

一方、設定負荷の差が小さい場合は、メタン発酵槽1及びメタン発酵槽2が同時に負荷過剰となってメタン発酵に異常を生じる可能性がある。このため、設定負荷の差は、経験的に低負荷であるメタン発酵槽の負荷の20〜50%の範囲内とすることが好ましい。   On the other hand, when the difference between the set loads is small, the methane fermentation tank 1 and the methane fermentation tank 2 may become excessively loaded at the same time, causing an abnormality in the methane fermentation. For this reason, it is preferable that the difference between the set loads is within a range of 20 to 50% of the load of the methane fermentation tank which is empirically low.

メタン発酵槽1及びメタン発酵槽2においては、それぞれメタン菌によって有機物の嫌気性処理が行われる。メタン発酵槽1及びメタン発酵槽2へと供給される被処理液の有機物負荷が、それぞれのメタン発酵槽の処理能力以下であれば、メタン発酵槽1及びメタン発酵槽2の処理液は、それぞれのメタン発酵槽から取り出され、後続する処理設備へと移送される。処理液中に残存する有機物は、通常、好気性生物処理によって処理され、河川あるいは下水道等に放流される。   In the methane fermentation tank 1 and the methane fermentation tank 2, anaerobic treatment of organic substances is performed by methane bacteria. If the organic matter load of the liquid to be processed supplied to the methane fermentation tank 1 and the methane fermentation tank 2 is equal to or less than the processing capacity of the respective methane fermentation tanks, the processing liquids of the methane fermentation tank 1 and the methane fermentation tank 2 From the methane fermentation tank and transferred to the subsequent processing equipment. The organic matter remaining in the treatment liquid is usually treated by aerobic biological treatment, and discharged into a river or a sewer.

図2は、本発明の有機物処理方法において、特定のメタン発酵槽1槽が不調となった場合のメタン発酵処理液のフローを示す。メタン発酵槽1及びメタン発酵槽2へと供給される被発酵液の有機物濃度が上昇する等した場合、まず有機物負荷が高く設定されているメタン発酵槽1の有機物負荷が過大となり、メタン発酵が不調となる。メタン発酵槽1のメタン発酵状態が不調となったことは、例えば、発酵槽内pH、n-Hex抽出物質濃度、VFA濃度、NH4-N濃度、発生ガスのメタンガス濃度、又は発生ガス量等によって確認し得る。 FIG. 2 shows the flow of the methane fermentation treatment liquid when one specific methane fermentation tank becomes malfunctioning in the organic matter treatment method of the present invention. When the organic matter concentration of the liquid to be fermented supplied to the methane fermentation tank 1 and the methane fermentation tank 2 increases, the organic matter load of the methane fermentation tank 1 in which the organic matter load is set to be high first becomes excessive, and the methane fermentation starts. Upset. The malfunction of the methane fermentation state of the methane fermentation tank 1 may be caused by, for example, pH in the fermentation tank, n-Hex extract substance concentration, VFA concentration, NH 4 -N concentration, methane gas concentration of generated gas, or generated gas amount. Can be confirmed by

メタン発酵槽のメタン発酵が不調になったことは、例えば、発酵槽内pHが7未満(7以上の場合は正常)、n-Hex抽出物質濃度が1500mg/L以上、VFAが3000mg/L以上、NH4-N濃度が2000mg/L以上、又はバイオガス中のメタン濃度が60%未満のいずれか一つ以上に該当することによって判断し得る。 The failure of methane fermentation in the methane fermentation tank was due to, for example, a pH in the fermentation tank of less than 7 (normal if 7 or more), an n-Hex extractable substance concentration of 1500 mg / L or more, and a VFA of 3000 mg / L or more , NH 4 -N concentration of 2000 mg / L or more, or methane concentration in biogas of less than 60%.

メタン発酵処理液のpHは、n-Hex抽出物質濃度のような他の因子に影響を与えるため、pH値によって、pH以外の基準値を補正するようにしてもよい。例えば、pHが高い(アルカリ側)場合、NH4-N濃度の基準値を低くするように補正し、VFAの基準値を高くするように補正することが好ましい。 Since the pH of the methane fermentation treatment solution affects other factors such as the concentration of the n-Hex extract, the reference value other than the pH may be corrected by the pH value. For example, when the pH is high (alkaline side), it is preferable to make correction so as to lower the reference value of the NH 4 —N concentration and increase the reference value of VFA.

なお、メタン発酵槽のメタン発酵が不調になったか否かを判定するための各因子のうち、pH及びバイオガス中のメタンガス濃度は、連続測定可能であるため、通常1日の測定の平均値を基準値と比較することでメタン発酵の状態を確認することができる。一方、これら以外の連続測定できない因子については、分析毎に判断を行うようにすればよく、確実に判断する観点では時間をおいて2回以上測定し、平均値に基づいて判断するようにしてもよい。   In addition, among the factors for determining whether or not methane fermentation in the methane fermentation tank has become abnormal, the pH and the methane gas concentration in the biogas can be continuously measured. By comparing with the reference value, the state of methane fermentation can be confirmed. On the other hand, for factors that cannot be continuously measured other than these, it is sufficient to make a judgment for each analysis, and from the viewpoint of making a reliable judgment, measure at least two times at a time and make a judgment based on the average value. Is also good.

例えば、メタン発酵槽1の発生ガス中のメタン濃度が60%未満となったような場合、メタン発酵槽1のメタン発酵状態が不調となったと判断される。この場合、図2に示されるように、メタン発酵状態が正常であるメタン発酵槽2のメタン発酵処理液の少なくとも一部を、図1において破線で描かれている配管を介して、図示されていない移送ポンプの動力によってメタン発酵槽1へと供給する。あるいは、図1において破線で描かれている配管の途中に設置されている流量制御弁(図示されていない)の開度を変化させ、流路を形成することによって、メタン発酵槽2のメタン発酵処理液の少なくとも一部をメタン発酵槽1へと供給してもよい。これにより、正常なメタン発酵槽2の処理液によって不調となったメタン発酵槽1の被発酵液を希釈することになる。その結果、メタン発酵槽2の性能低下を招くことはなく、メタン発酵槽1の被発酵液をメタン発酵槽槽2の処理液で希釈しつつ、メタン菌も補充される。また、メタン発酵槽2からの処理液をメタン発酵槽1に供給することで、メタン発酵槽1の処理液の温度が低下せず、希釈時にメタン発酵槽1を加温する必要がないため、省エネルギー効果も期待できる。   For example, when the methane concentration in the generated gas of the methane fermentation tank 1 becomes less than 60%, it is determined that the methane fermentation state of the methane fermentation tank 1 has become abnormal. In this case, as shown in FIG. 2, at least a part of the methane fermentation treatment liquid in the methane fermentation tank 2 in which the methane fermentation state is normal is illustrated via a pipe drawn by a broken line in FIG. 1. Is supplied to the methane fermentation tank 1 by the power of the transfer pump. Alternatively, the methane fermentation in the methane fermentation tank 2 is performed by changing the opening of a flow control valve (not shown) installed in the middle of the pipe drawn by a broken line in FIG. At least a part of the treatment liquid may be supplied to the methane fermenter 1. This dilutes the liquid to be fermented in the methane fermentation tank 1 which has become abnormal due to the processing liquid in the normal methane fermentation tank 2. As a result, the performance of the methane fermenter 2 is not reduced, and the methane bacteria are replenished while diluting the liquid to be fermented in the methane fermenter 1 with the treatment liquid in the methane fermenter 2. Further, by supplying the processing liquid from the methane fermentation tank 2 to the methane fermentation tank 1, the temperature of the processing liquid in the methane fermentation tank 1 does not decrease, and it is not necessary to heat the methane fermentation tank 1 during dilution. Energy saving effect can also be expected.

正常なメタン発酵槽と不調となっているメタン発酵槽の被発酵液を入れ替える従来技術の場合には、不調となっているメタン発酵槽の改善は期待できるが、正常なメタン発酵槽の性能は低下することになる。しかし、本発明の有機物処理方法によれば、正常なメタン発酵槽の性能を低下させることなく、不調となっているメタン発酵槽の発酵状態を効率よく改善させることが可能である。   In the case of the conventional technology in which the fermented liquid in the normal methane fermentation tank and the fermentation liquid in the malfunctioning methane fermentation tank are replaced, improvement of the malfunctioning methane fermentation tank can be expected, but the performance of the normal methane fermentation tank is Will decrease. However, according to the organic matter treatment method of the present invention, it is possible to efficiently improve the fermentation state of a malfunctioning methane fermentation tank without lowering the performance of a normal methane fermentation tank.

ここで、メタン発酵槽2からメタン発酵槽1へと移送する処理液の移送量は、メタン発酵阻害物質(例えば、n-Hex抽出物質)の希釈後の予想濃度より決定する。高負荷であるメタン発酵槽1について、
原料投入量:Q(t/d)
原料の阻害物質濃度:Ni(mg/L)
原料阻害物質の分解率:D(%)
発酵槽容積:V(m3
処理液投入後に目指す阻害物質濃度:Ne(mg/L)
とする。
Here, the transfer amount of the processing liquid to be transferred from the methane fermentation tank 2 to the methane fermentation tank 1 is determined based on the expected concentration after dilution of the methane fermentation inhibitor (for example, n-Hex extract). Regarding the methane fermenter 1 with high load,
Raw material input: Q (t / d)
Inhibitor concentration of raw material: Ni (mg / L)
Degradation rate of raw material inhibitor: D (%)
Fermenter capacity: V (m 3 )
Inhibitory substance concentration to be targeted after treatment solution injection: Ne (mg / L)
And

一方、低負荷であるメタン発酵槽2について、
メタン発酵槽2から移送する処理液の移送倍率:C
処理液中の阻害物質濃度:N1(mg/L)
処理液中の阻害物質の分解率:E(%)
Ne={Q・Ni・(1-D/100)+C・Q・N1・(1-E/100)−(C+1)・Q・Ne}/V
V/Q=H(水力学的滞留時間HRT(d))
とする。
On the other hand, for the methane fermentation tank 2 having a low load,
Transfer magnification of processing liquid transferred from methane fermenter 2: C
Inhibitor concentration in treatment solution: N1 (mg / L)
Degradation rate of inhibitor in processing solution: E (%)
Ne = {Q ・ Ni ・ (1-D / 100) + C ・ Q ・ N1 ・ (1-E / 100) − (C + 1) ・ Q ・ Ne} / V
V / Q = H (Hydraulic residence time HRT (d))
And

すると、
C={(H+1)・Ne−Ni・(1-D/100)}/{N1・(1-E/100)-Ne}
となるため、低負荷槽から高負荷槽への移送量は、C・Q(t/d)と算出される。
Then
C = {(H + 1) ・ Ne−Ni ・ (1-D / 100)} / {N1 ・ (1-E / 100) -Ne}
Therefore, the transfer amount from the low-load tank to the high-load tank is calculated as C · Q (t / d).

図1及び図2においては、メタン発酵槽が2槽並列に設けられているが、3槽以上設けられている場合には、特定の1槽のみ有機物負荷が高くなるように設定し、他のメタン発酵槽は同一の有機物負荷に設定する。この場合にも、特定の1槽の有機物負荷は、他のメタン発酵槽1槽の有機物負荷の120%以上150%以下の範囲となるように設定する。   In FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, two methane fermentation tanks are provided in parallel, but when three or more tanks are provided, only one specific tank is set so that the organic matter load is increased, and other The methane fermenter is set to the same organic matter load. Also in this case, the organic matter load of one specific tank is set to be in a range of 120% or more and 150% or less of the organic matter load of another methane fermentation tank.

このように、並列に設けられたメタン発酵槽のうちの1槽を高負荷に設定することにより、複数のメタン発酵槽へと供給される被発酵液中の有機物負荷が上昇した場合、高負荷の1槽が最初に負荷過剰となる。従って、高負荷の1槽の発酵状態を観察し、有機物負荷過剰によって不調と判断されれば、低負荷のメタン発酵槽から処理液を高負荷の1槽へと供給する。その結果、全部のメタン発酵槽が同時に負荷過剰によって不調となることを有効に防止し、処理施設を安定して連続運転することが可能となる。   In this way, by setting one of the methane fermentation tanks provided in parallel to a high load, when the organic matter load in the fermented liquid supplied to the plurality of methane fermentation tanks increases, the high load One of the tanks is initially overloaded. Therefore, the fermentation state of one high-load tank is observed, and if it is determined that there is a malfunction due to excessive organic substance load, the processing liquid is supplied from the low-load methane fermentation tank to the one high-load tank. As a result, it is possible to effectively prevent all the methane fermenters from malfunctioning due to excessive load at the same time, and to stably and continuously operate the treatment facility.

また、高負荷のメタン発酵槽のメタン発酵が不調と判断された場合、数日遅れて低負荷のメタン発酵槽も不調になることが予測される。このため、低負荷のメタン発酵槽へ供給する原料の希釈倍率の調整、栄養塩の添加、他原料の混合、原料投入量の減少、又はメタン菌に有害な物質の除去といった操作のいずれか一つ若しくは複数の操作を行うことにより、低負荷のメタン発酵槽のメタン発酵が不調になることを回避することができる。   When it is determined that the methane fermentation in the high-load methane fermentation tank is malfunctioning, it is predicted that the low-load methane fermentation tank also malfunctions several days later. For this reason, one of the following operations is performed: adjusting the dilution ratio of the raw material supplied to the low-load methane fermentation tank, adding nutrients, mixing other raw materials, reducing the input amount of the raw material, or removing substances harmful to methane bacteria. By performing one or more operations, it is possible to prevent the methane fermentation of the low-load methane fermentation tank from becoming abnormal.

メタン発酵槽を3槽以上設ける場合には、低負荷の1槽から高負荷の1槽へと処理液を供給してもよく、低負荷の2槽以上から高負荷の1槽へと処理液を供給してもよい。   When three or more methane fermentation tanks are provided, the processing liquid may be supplied from one low-load tank to one high-load tank, or from two or more low-load tanks to one high-load tank. May be supplied.

メタン発酵槽1の運転管理基準値が基準値の範囲内となり、正常なメタン発酵状態に戻ったと判断されれば、メタン発酵槽2からメタン発酵槽1への処理液の移送を中止し、図1に示されるフローに戻す。メタン発酵槽1の発酵状態が不調となれば、再度図2に示されるフローに切り替え、以後、同様の操作を繰り返す。   If the operation management reference value of the methane fermentation tank 1 falls within the range of the reference value and it is determined that the methane fermentation tank 1 has returned to the normal methane fermentation state, the transfer of the processing liquid from the methane fermentation tank 2 to the methane fermentation tank 1 is stopped. Return to the flow shown in 1. If the fermentation state of the methane fermenter 1 becomes abnormal, the flow is switched to the flow shown in FIG. 2 again, and the same operation is repeated thereafter.

メタン発酵槽1の発生ガス中のメタン濃度が60%以上に戻れば、メタン発酵槽2のメタン発酵処理液のメタン発酵槽1への供給を停止する。実務上は、変動を考慮してメタン発酵槽1の発生ガス中のメタン濃度60%以上の状態が2日継続することを確認した後、メタン発酵槽2のメタン発酵処理液のメタン発酵槽1への供給を停止することが好ましい。   When the methane concentration in the gas generated from the methane fermentation tank 1 returns to 60% or more, the supply of the methane fermentation treatment liquid from the methane fermentation tank 2 to the methane fermentation tank 1 is stopped. In practice, after confirming that the state of methane concentration in the generated gas of the methane fermentation tank 1 of 60% or more continues for 2 days in consideration of fluctuations, the methane fermentation tank 1 It is preferable to stop the supply to the reactor.

なお、本実施形態においては、高負荷槽と低負荷槽の大きさを特に限定していないが、それぞれの槽を同じ大きさとしてもよく、異なる大きさとしてもよい。高負荷の1槽を小型にすることで、不調となった後に低負荷槽からの消化液の供給によって高負荷槽内の阻害物質を排出させやすくなるため、高負荷槽を正常な状態に復帰させやすくなる。   In addition, in this embodiment, although the size of the high load tank and the low load tank is not particularly limited, each tank may have the same size or may have different sizes. By reducing the size of one high-load tank, it is easy to discharge the inhibitor in the high-load tank by supplying digestive juice from the low-load tank after a malfunction, so the high-load tank returns to a normal state. It will be easier.

高負荷のメタン発酵槽が小型の場合、不調となる液量も少ないため、槽内のメタン発酵処理液の入れ替えが早く、早期に復旧可能であり、システム全体としても正常化させることが容易である。また、高負荷のメタン発酵槽が不調の時には、メタン発酵状態が正常に戻るまでに処理する廃棄物量(メタン発酵槽への投入量)が減少するが、本発明では不調になった高負荷のメタン発酵槽へ供給される処理量を減少させれば足りるため、高負荷槽を小型にした場合は、メタン発酵槽のメタン発酵が不調な場合にも、システム全体の処理量が大きく減少することを抑制し得る。   When the high-load methane fermentation tank is small, the amount of liquid that becomes malfunctioning is small, so the methane fermentation treatment liquid in the tank can be replaced quickly and quickly, and it is easy to normalize the entire system. is there. Further, when the high-load methane fermentation tank is malfunctioning, the amount of waste to be processed (the amount input to the methane fermentation tank) decreases until the methane fermentation state returns to normal, but in the present invention, the high-load methane fermentation tank that has malfunctioned Since it is enough to reduce the amount of processing supplied to the methane fermentation tank, if the high-load tank is made smaller, even if the methane fermentation in the methane fermentation tank is malfunctioning, the processing amount of the entire system will decrease significantly. Can be suppressed.

また、本実施形態においては、メタン発酵槽1が不調時に原料槽からの供給を継続しつつ、メタン発酵槽2から処理液を供給しているが、原料槽からメタン発酵槽1への供給を停止して、メタン発酵槽2からの処理液のみを供給するようにしてもよい。   In the present embodiment, the processing liquid is supplied from the methane fermentation tank 2 while the supply from the raw material tank is continued when the methane fermentation tank 1 is malfunctioning. The operation may be stopped, and only the processing liquid from the methane fermenter 2 may be supplied.

本発明の有機物処理方法は、有機性廃棄物処理又は有機性廃水処理等の技術分野において有用である。   The organic matter treatment method of the present invention is useful in the technical field such as organic waste treatment or organic wastewater treatment.

Claims (5)

有機性廃水又は有機性固形物をメタン発酵槽内でメタン発酵させる有機物処理方法であって、
有機物を含有する被発酵液を、並列に配置された複数のメタン発酵槽に供給し、
前記複数のメタン発酵槽のうち、ある一つの槽の有機物負荷が、他槽の有機物負荷よりも20%以上50%以下の範囲で高くなるように設定し、
前記一つの槽のメタン発酵状態が悪化して、メタン発酵槽の運転管理基準値を満たさなくなった場合、前記他槽の少なくとも一部の槽のメタン発酵処理液を前記一つの槽へと供給し、
前記一つの槽のメタン発酵状態がメタン発酵槽の運転管理基準値を満たすようになった場合、前記他槽の少なくとも一部の槽からのメタン発酵処理液の前記一つの槽への供給を停止する、ことを特徴とする、有機物処理方法。
An organic matter treatment method of methane fermenting organic wastewater or organic solids in a methane fermentation tank,
The liquid to be fermented containing organic matter is supplied to a plurality of methane fermentation tanks arranged in parallel,
Among the plurality of methane fermentation tanks, the organic matter load of a certain tank is set to be higher than the organic matter load of another tank in a range of 20% or more and 50% or less,
When the methane fermentation state of the one tank is deteriorated and the operation management reference value of the methane fermentation tank is not satisfied, the methane fermentation treatment liquid of at least a part of the other tanks is supplied to the one tank. ,
When the methane fermentation state of the one tank satisfies the operation management reference value of the methane fermentation tank, supply of the methane fermentation treatment liquid from at least a part of the other tanks to the one tank is stopped. An organic matter treatment method.
前記メタン発酵槽の運転管理基準値の項目が、メタン発酵槽内のpH、n-Hex抽出物質濃度、VFA濃度、NH4-N濃度、発生ガス中のメタン濃度、又はガス発生量の少なくとも1つである、請求項1に記載の有機物処理方法。 The item of the operation control standard value of the methane fermentation tank is at least one of pH, n-Hex extract substance concentration, VFA concentration, NH 4 -N concentration, methane concentration in generated gas, or gas generation amount in the methane fermentation tank. 2. The method for treating organic matter according to claim 1, wherein: 前記複数のメタン発酵槽の上流側に、有機物を含有する液体を嫌気性微生物によって生物処理する嫌気性生物処理槽を設け、
前記嫌気性生物処理槽の処理液を被発酵液として並列に配置された前記複数のメタン発酵槽に供給する、請求項1又は2に記載の有機物処理方法。
On the upstream side of the plurality of methane fermentation tanks, an anaerobic biological treatment tank for biologically treating a liquid containing an organic substance by anaerobic microorganisms is provided,
The organic matter treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the treatment liquid in the anaerobic biological treatment tank is supplied as the liquid to be fermented to the plurality of methane fermentation tanks arranged in parallel.
並列に配置された複数のメタン発酵槽と、
前記メタン発酵槽の運転管理基準値を検出する検出器と、
を備え、有機性廃水又は有機性固形物をメタン発酵槽内でメタン発酵させる有機物処理装置であって、
前記複数のメタン発酵槽のうち、一つの槽の有機物負荷が、他槽の有機物負荷よりも20%以上50%以下の範囲で高くなるように設定されており、
前記一つのメタン発酵槽の運転管理基準値が満たされなくなったことを前記検出器が検出した場合、前記他槽の少なくとも一部の槽の処理液を前記一つの槽に投入し、
前記一つの槽のメタン発酵状態がメタン発酵槽の運転管理基準値を満たすようになった場合、前記他槽の少なくとも一部の槽からのメタン発酵処理液の前記一つの槽への供給を停止する、ことを特徴とする、有機物処理装置。
A plurality of methane fermenters arranged in parallel,
A detector for detecting an operation management reference value of the methane fermentation tank,
Comprising, an organic matter treatment device for methane fermentation of organic wastewater or organic solids in a methane fermentation tank,
Among the plurality of methane fermentation tanks, the organic matter load of one tank is set to be higher than the organic matter load of another tank in a range of 20% or more and 50% or less,
When the detector detects that the operation management reference value of the one methane fermentation tank is no longer satisfied, the treatment liquid of at least a part of the other tank is put into the one tank,
When the methane fermentation state of the one tank satisfies the operation management reference value of the methane fermentation tank, supply of the methane fermentation treatment liquid from at least a part of the other tanks to the one tank is stopped. An organic matter processing apparatus, comprising:
前記検出器の検出対象が、メタン発酵槽内のpH、n-Hex抽出物質濃度、VFA濃度、NH4-N濃度、発生ガス中のメタン濃度、又はガス発生量の少なくとも1つである、請求項4に記載の有機物処理装置。 The detection target of the detector is at least one of pH, n-Hex extract substance concentration, VFA concentration, NH 4 -N concentration, methane concentration in generated gas, or gas generation amount in the methane fermentation tank. Item 5. An organic matter treating apparatus according to Item 4.
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