JP6661353B2 - Cultivation method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a cultivation method and a chemical fertilizer.

  Generally, in the cultivation of plants such as fruits and vegetables, a chemical fertilizer such as a culture solution in which potassium, a nitrogen component, a phosphorus component, and the like are mixed at a fixed ratio is used from the seedling stage to the harvest stage. Among them, potassium functions as an inorganic salt dissolved in a plant body fluid in a plant body, and is used for root growth, regulation of osmotic pressure in cells, and the like. On the other hand, when the content of potassium in the culture solution is increased, the electric conductivity (EC) of the culture solution is increased, and the same effect as the salt stress is obtained. Therefore, when the content of potassium in the culture solution is high, the roots of the plant are weakened, which leads to a decrease in the yield.

  In this regard, there has been proposed a method for optimizing the balance of nutrients supplied to a plant by monitoring and controlling the EC and the like of a culture solution supplied to the plant. As a method for supplying such a fertilizer, for example, a “plant growing method by hydroponics” (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2013-201983) has been proposed.

  The method of growing plants described in this publication is used as a method of growing leafy vegetables and fruits and vegetables, and topdressing is performed according to the EC and pH of the culture solution. In this plant growing method, when the pH of the culture solution exceeds the reference value and the EC of the culture solution is less than the reference value, topdressing containing twice or more ammoniacal nitrogen than the original manure is performed, and the pH of the culture solution is increased. Is less than or equal to the reference value, and when the EC of the culture solution is less than the reference value, topdressing containing 0 to 1 times the ammoniacal nitrogen of the original manure is performed.

  The plant growing method described above is capable of increasing the nutrient absorption rate of the plant by maintaining the EC and pH of the culture solution in a range where the plant can easily absorb nutrients.

JP 2013-201983 A

  On the other hand, it is known that when cultivating fruits and vegetables, an increase in the supply amount of potassium increases the acidity of fruits. However, according to the conventional cultivation method, as described above, when the content of potassium in the culture solution increases, the EC of the culture solution increases, and the yield of the fruit decreases. Therefore, there is a trade-off between the yield of the fruit and the acidity of the fruit. In a relationship. Therefore, the plant growing method described in the above publication can increase the fruit yield by increasing or decreasing the supply amount of ammonia nitrogen according to the EC and pH of the culture solution, but can reduce the acidity of the fruit. It is difficult to improve.

  In contrast, the present inventors have conducted intensive studies and found that increasing the potassium content in the fertilizer supplied before cultivation leads to a decrease in fruit yield. Was found to have little effect. In addition, it was found that increasing the potassium content after the rooting can effectively improve the acidity of the fruit.

  The present invention has been made based on such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a cultivation method and a chemical fertilizer capable of improving the acidity of a fruit while suppressing a decrease in the yield of the fruit.

  A cultivation method according to one embodiment of the present invention made in order to solve the above-described problem is a cultivation method of a fruit and vegetable including a fertilizer supply step of supplying a fertilizer, wherein the average potassium content in the fertilizer supplied in the fertilizer supply step is included. Increase the rate after taking root.

  The chemical fertilizer according to another embodiment of the present invention made to solve the above-mentioned problem is used after the rooting in the cultivation method, and has a potassium content of 20 me / L or more and 45 me / L or less.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION The cultivation method and chemical fertilizer of this invention can improve the acidity of a fruit, suppressing the decrease of the yield of a fruit.

It is a graph which shows the amount of fertilization components with respect to the seedlings planted in the culture medium of A. 4 is a graph showing the amount of a fertilizer component for a seedling planted in a medium B. It is a graph which shows the amount of fertilization components with respect to the seedlings planted in the culture medium of C. It is a graph which shows the amount of fertilization components with respect to the seedlings planted in the culture medium of D. It is a graph which shows the yield of fruits ad. It is a graph which shows the total organic acid content of fruits ad. It is a graph which shows the total sugar content of fruits ad. It is a graph which shows the total amino acid content of fruits ad.

[Description of Embodiment of the Present Invention]
First, embodiments of the present invention will be listed and described.

  A cultivation method according to one embodiment of the present invention is a cultivation method for fruits and vegetables including a fertilizer supply step of supplying a fertilizer, wherein the average potassium content of the fertilizer supplied in the fertilizer supply step is increased after the rooting.

  According to the findings of the present inventors, since the roots of fruit and vegetables are elongated and the seedlings are stable after rooting, even if the average potassium content in the fertilizer is increased, the effect on fruit yield is relatively small. . According to the findings of the present inventors, the acidity of fruits can be sufficiently improved by increasing the average potassium content of the fertilizer supplied after cultivation. For this reason, the cultivation method can improve the acidity of the fruit while suppressing a decrease in the yield of the fruit by increasing the average potassium content in the fertilizer after the rooting.

  The ratio of the average potassium content after activation to the average potassium content before activation in the fertilizer supplied in the fertilizer supply step is preferably 1.5 or more and 3 or less. As described above, by controlling the average potassium content after activation to the average potassium content before activation in the fertilizer supplied in the fertilizer supply step to be within the above range, while suppressing a decrease in fruit yield, the acidity of the fruit can be reduced. Can be further improved.

  The average potassium content of the fertilizer to be supplied up to rooting in the fertilizer supply step is preferably from 10 me / L to 18 me / L, and the average potassium content of the fertilizer supplied after rooting is from 20 me / L to 45 me / L. The following is preferred. As described above, by controlling the average potassium content of the fertilizer to be supplied before the rooting in the fertilizer supply step and the average potassium content of the fertilizer to be supplied after the rooting to be within the above ranges, while suppressing a decrease in fruit yield, Can be further improved in acidity.

  The average nitrogen content of the fertilizer supplied in the fertilizer supply step after the initial stage of fruit enlargement may be lower than the average nitrogen content until the early stage of fruit enlargement. According to the findings of the present inventors, by reducing the average nitrogen component content after the initial stage of fruit enlargement in the fertilizer supplied in the fertilizer supply step is lower than the average nitrogen component content until the early stage of fruit enlargement, the yield of fruit The sweetness of the fruit can be improved while suppressing the decrease. Therefore, according to such a configuration, it is possible to improve the sweetness of the fruit in addition to the acidity of the fruit while suppressing the decrease in the yield of the fruit.

  The ratio of the average nitrogen component content after the initial stage of fruit enlargement to the average nitrogen component content until the initial stage of fruit enlargement in the fertilizer supplied in the fertilizer supply step is preferably 0.3 or more and less than 1. Thus, by reducing the ratio of the average nitrogen component content after the initial stage of fruit enlargement to the average nitrogen component content until the initial stage of fruit enlargement in the fertilizer supplied in the fertilizer supply step is within the above range, reduction of fruit yield And the sweetness of the fruit can be sufficiently improved.

  In the fertilizer supply step, the average nitrogen component content of the fertilizer supplied up to the early stage of fruit enlargement is preferably 15 me / L or more and 25 me / L or less. 5 me / L or more and less than 15 me / L are preferable. As described above, by setting the average nitrogen component content of the fertilizer to be supplied up to the early stage of fruit enlargement in the fertilizer supply step and the average nitrogen component content of the fertilizer to be supplied after the initial stage of fruit enlargement to be within the above ranges, the yield of fruits can be improved. The sweetness of the fruit can be sufficiently improved while suppressing the reduction of the fruit.

  This cultivation method may be used for nutrient solution cultivation. According to such hydroponic cultivation, the nutrients absorbed by the fruits and vegetables can be easily controlled, so that the acidity of the fruit can be accurately increased. In other words, according to soil cultivation, fruits and vegetables are likely to spread roots in the area where potassium is present in order to absorb potassium contained in the soil in advance, and as a result, potassium in a supply amount or more is easily absorbed by fruits and vegetables. On the other hand, according to the nutrient solution, by adjusting the potassium content of the fertilizer, it is possible to accurately control the potassium absorbed by the fruits and vegetables, thereby suppressing the reduction of the yield of fruits, It is easy to improve sourness.

  The fruits and vegetables used in the cultivation method are preferably tomatoes. As described above, since the fruits and vegetables are tomatoes, it is possible to supply high-quality tomatoes by accurately increasing the acidity of the fruits.

  The chemical fertilizer according to another embodiment of the present invention is used after cultivation in the cultivation method, and has a potassium content of 20 me / L or more and 45 me / L or less.

  Since the content of potassium in the chemical fertilizer is within the above range, the acidity of the fruit can be improved while suppressing a decrease in the yield of the fruit by being used after cultivation.

  In addition, in this specification, the "average potassium content from rooting to rooting" refers to the average potassium content from planting to rooting. "Early fruit enlargement" refers to the initial stage of fruit enlargement in the first inflorescence of each strain. The “nitrogen component” includes, in addition to simple nitrogen, nitrogen contained as an ammonium salt such as ammonia nitrogen, and nitrogen contained as nitrogen oxide such as nitrite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen. “Nitrogen component content” refers to the content of nitrogen atoms. The same applies to other components described in this specification. The “average nitrogen component content from the beginning of fruit enlargement” refers to the average nitrogen component content from planting to the beginning of fruit enlargement. "Hydraulic cultivation" refers to a cultivation method using a culture solution containing necessary nutrients instead of soil, such as solid culture cultivation using a solid medium, hydroponic cultivation without a solid medium, spray cultivation and the like. No. In the present invention, “hydroponics” may be any one that uses a culture solution instead of soil in the cultivation after the planting period, and may use soil in the cultivation up to the planting period. "Chemical fertilizer" refers to a chemically synthesized inorganic fertilizer.

[Details of Embodiment of the Present Invention]
<Cultivation method of fruits and vegetables>
Hereinafter, a cultivation method according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described.

  The cultivation method is a method for cultivating fruits and vegetables, and includes a step of supplying a fertilizer to the fruits and vegetables. Fruits and vegetables are generally harvested from seeding to seedling raising, planting, flowering, fruit setting and fruit enlargement. The cultivation method supplies a fertilizer appropriately in each of these stages. That is, the cultivation method has a fertilizer supply step in each of these stages. The cultivation method is characterized in the supply of fertilizer after the planting period, and specifically, is characterized in that the average potassium content of the fertilizer is increased after activation. In the present specification, the period from planting to planting is also referred to as “first half of the planting period”, and the period from planting to flowering is referred to as “second half of the planting period”.

  According to the findings of the present inventors, since the roots of fruit and vegetables are elongated and the seedlings are stable after rooting, even if the average potassium content in the fertilizer is increased, the effect on fruit yield is relatively small. . According to the findings of the present inventors, the acidity of fruits can be sufficiently improved by increasing the average potassium content of the fertilizer supplied after cultivation. For this reason, the cultivation method can improve the acidity of the fruit while suppressing a decrease in the yield of the fruit by increasing the average potassium content in the fertilizer after the rooting.

  The method for cultivating fruit vegetables is preferably used for hydroponics. According to the nutrient cultivation, the nutrients absorbed by the fruits and vegetables can be easily controlled, so that the acidity of the fruit can be accurately increased. In other words, according to soil cultivation, fruits and vegetables are likely to spread roots in the area where potassium is present in order to absorb potassium contained in the soil in advance, and as a result, potassium in a supply amount or more is easily absorbed by fruits and vegetables. On the other hand, according to the nutrient solution, by adjusting the potassium content of the fertilizer, it is possible to accurately control the potassium absorbed by the fruits and vegetables, thereby suppressing the reduction of the yield of fruits, It is easy to improve sourness.

  Fruits and vegetables that can be cultivated by the cultivation method are not particularly limited, and include, for example, tomato, pepper, strawberry, capsicum, pumpkin, cucumber, watermelon, melon, kidney beans, green soybeans, peas, broad beans, and the like. . According to the cultivation method, for example, when the fruits and vegetables are tomatoes, it is possible to supply high-quality tomatoes by appropriately increasing the acidity of the fruits. Hereinafter, taking the case of cultivating tomato as an example, the cultivation procedure at each stage will be described focusing on the fertilizer supply step.

(Cultivation procedure at the seedling raising stage)
Cultivation procedures during the seedling raising period are not particularly limited, and include, for example, a method of using a known seedling raising pot, filling the seedling raising pot with soil or soil, sowing seeds, and growing seedlings.

  The cultivation soil is not particularly limited, for example, sand or sandy artificial cultivation, artificial inorganic cultivation such as rock wool, artificial organic cultivation such as polyurethane and polyester, sawdust, rice husk and other organic natural cultivation. And the like, and among them, sand soil or sandy artificial soil is preferable. By using sandy soil or sandy artificial soil as the above-mentioned soil, voids can be formed in the soil. As a result, it is possible to maintain the nourishing water required for raising the seedlings in the voids and supply sufficient oxygen to the roots.

  During the seedling raising period, it is preferable to appropriately supply water, fertilizer, insecticide, and the like to the seeds or the seedlings. The method of supplying water, fertilizer, insecticide and the like is not particularly limited, and for example, a method of spraying in a mist form can be mentioned. Examples of the spraying method include a spray type using a high-pressure gas and an ultrasonic mist.

  Examples of the components contained in the fertilizer supplied during the seedling raising period include a nitrogen component, a phosphorus component, potassium, calcium, manganese, magnesium, and a boron component. In the seedling raising period, a fertilizer containing these components can be supplied as appropriate according to the growth of the seedling.

(Cultivation procedure in the first half of the planting season)
Seedlings after raising are planted in a medium. Examples of the medium include a sand medium or a sandy artificial medium, an artificial inorganic medium such as rock wool, an artificial organic medium such as polyurethane and polyester, and an organic natural medium such as sawdust and rice hull. Above all, as the above-mentioned medium, a sand medium or a sandy artificial medium is preferable. Sand culture medium or sandy artificial culture medium has higher water retention than other inorganic culture mediums such as rock wool, so that it can hold sufficient nutrient water necessary for growth and supply sufficient oxygen to roots. be able to. In addition, the amount of water in the medium can be easily adjusted by adjusting the amount of fertilization, the frequency of irrigation, and the like. In addition, it is not necessary to use a solid medium as the medium, and a liquid medium may be used. Examples of the liquid medium include an MS medium (Murashige-Skoog medium), a WP medium (Woody Plant medium), and a Gamburg B5 medium.

  The fertilization method from planting to rooting is not particularly limited, and when a solid medium is used, for example, a method of spraying a nutrient solution in a mist form, or a method of applying a nutrient solution to a water absorbing sheet or a medium such as a capillary tube. There is a method (capillary hydroponic method) in which water is sucked up and supplied to roots of fruits and vegetables by force. When a liquid medium is used, for example, there is a method in which seedlings are planted in a cultivation tank in which a nutrient solution is stored and fertilized with the stored nutrient solution (submerged hydroponic method). In addition, `` rooting '' means that the seedlings take root and start to grow.Specifically, after planting, it can be visually confirmed that the roots elongate from the seedling cultivation soil or the like toward the medium of the field, This is the time when the elongation near the growth point and the development of true leaves can be visually observed due to the active absorption of water from the soil. For example, for tomato, it means about 5 to 14 days after planting.

  Generally, chemical fertilizers are used as fertilizers supplied from planting to planting. In addition, it is preferable that the same chemical fertilizer is used from the point of planting to planting in order to supply nutrients to the seedlings in a well-balanced manner. The type of the chemical fertilizer is not particularly limited, but a liquid fertilizer (culture solution) is preferable.

  Examples of the components contained in the chemical fertilizer include a nitrogen component, a phosphorus component, potassium, calcium, and magnesium. In addition, the above-mentioned chemical fertilizer may contain a hydrogen component, a sulfuric acid, a chlorine component and the like from the viewpoint of maintaining an ion balance.

  As a minimum of the average potassium content in the above-mentioned chemical fertilizer, 10 me / L is preferred and 12 me / L is more preferred. On the other hand, the upper limit of the average potassium content is preferably 18 me / L, and more preferably 16 me / L. If the average potassium content is less than the lower limit, the seedlings may not grow sufficiently. Conversely, if the average potassium content exceeds the upper limit, roots may be weakened due to excessive salt stress.

  As a minimum of average nitrogen ingredient content in the above-mentioned chemical fertilizer, 15 me / L is preferred and 18 me / L is more preferred. On the other hand, the upper limit of the average nitrogen component content is preferably 25 me / L, and more preferably 23 me / L. If the average nitrogen component content is less than the lower limit, the seedlings may not grow sufficiently. Conversely, if the average nitrogen component content exceeds the upper limit, cracking and the like may occur.

  The lower limit of the content of the phosphorus component contained in the chemical fertilizer is preferably 3 me / L, and more preferably 4 me / L. On the other hand, the upper limit of the content of the phosphorus component contained in the chemical fertilizer is preferably 10 me / L, and more preferably 8 me / L. If the content of the phosphorus component is less than the lower limit, the fruit may not grow sufficiently. On the other hand, when the content of the phosphorus component exceeds the upper limit, there is a possibility that the decrease in the iron component and the zinc component is promoted and the leaves die.

  As a minimum of content rate of calcium contained in the above-mentioned chemical fertilizer, 4 me / L is preferred and 6 me / L is more preferred. On the other hand, the upper limit of the content of calcium contained in the chemical fertilizer is preferably 12 me / L, and more preferably 10 me / L. When the content of the calcium is less than the lower limit, there is a possibility that butt rot of the fruit may occur. On the other hand, when the content of the calcium exceeds the upper limit, the deficiency of other components may be induced.

  As a minimum of content rate of magnesium contained in the above-mentioned chemical fertilizer, 0.5 me / L is preferred and 1 me / L is more preferred. On the other hand, the upper limit of the content of magnesium contained in the chemical fertilizer is preferably 6 me / L, and more preferably 4 me / L. If the magnesium content is less than the lower limit, the leaves may be yellowed. Conversely, if the magnesium content exceeds the upper limit, potassium and calcium supplied to the fruits and vegetables may be deficient.

  The lower limit of the content of the hydrogen component contained in the chemical fertilizer is not particularly limited, and the theoretical lower limit is 0 me / L. On the other hand, the upper limit of the content of the hydrogen component contained in the chemical fertilizer is preferably 8 me / L, more preferably 6 me / L. When the content of the hydrogen component exceeds the upper limit, the phosphorus component and the like may precipitate in the nutrient solution and may be difficult to be appropriately supplied to fruits and vegetables.

  The lower limit of the content of the sulfuric acid component contained in the chemical fertilizer is not particularly limited, and the theoretical lower limit is 0 me / L. On the other hand, the upper limit of the content of the sulfuric acid component contained in the chemical fertilizer is preferably 15 me / L, more preferably 12 me / L, and still more preferably 5 me / L. When the content of the sulfuric acid component exceeds the upper limit, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and the like may precipitate in the nutrient solution and may be difficult to be appropriately supplied to fruits and vegetables.

  The lower limit of the content of the chlorine component contained in the chemical fertilizer can be 0 me / L. On the other hand, the upper limit of the chlorine content in the chemical fertilizer is preferably 30 me / L, more preferably 20 me / L. If the content of the chlorine component exceeds the above upper limit, potassium, calcium, magnesium and the like may precipitate in the nutrient solution, making it difficult to be appropriately supplied to fruits and vegetables, and may cause roots to die.

  It is preferable not to apply excessive stress to the seedlings from planting to survival. Therefore, it is preferable to keep the fertilization amount substantially constant from planting to planting. The lower limit of the average daily fertilization rate from planting to planting is preferably 0.1 L / strain, and more preferably 0.12 L / strain. On the other hand, the upper limit of the average fertilization amount is preferably 0.18 L / strain, more preferably 0.16 L / strain. If the average fertilization amount is less than the lower limit, the seedlings may not grow sufficiently. Conversely, when the average fertilization amount exceeds the upper limit, there is a possibility that each component will be oversupplied.

  The lower limit of the average daily supply amount of potassium from planting to planting is preferably 1.3 me / strain, more preferably 1.6 me / strain. On the other hand, the upper limit of the average supply amount of potassium per day is preferably 2.5 me / strain, more preferably 2.2 me / strain. If the average supply amount of potassium per day is less than the lower limit, seedlings may not grow sufficiently. Conversely, if the average daily supply of the potassium exceeds the upper limit, the root may be weakened due to excessive salt stress.

  The lower limit of the average daily supply amount of the nitrogen component from planting to planting is preferably 2.1 me / strain, more preferably 2.6 me / strain. On the other hand, the upper limit of the average daily supply amount of the nitrogen component is preferably 3.8 me / strain, more preferably 3.4 me / strain. If the average daily supply of the nitrogen component is less than the lower limit, the seedlings may not grow sufficiently. Conversely, if the average daily supply of the nitrogen component exceeds the upper limit, cracking or the like may occur.

  The lower limit of the average daily supply of the phosphorus component from planting to planting is preferably 0.7 me / strain, more preferably 0.8 me / strain. On the other hand, the upper limit of the average daily supply amount of the phosphorus component is preferably 1.2 me / strain, more preferably 1.1 me / strain. If the average daily supply of the phosphorus component is less than the lower limit, the seedlings may not grow sufficiently. Conversely, if the average daily supply of the phosphorus component exceeds the above upper limit, there is a risk that the leaves will die due to the reduction of the iron and zinc components.

  The lower limit of the average daily supply of calcium from planting to planting is preferably 1 me / strain, more preferably 1.2 me / strain. On the other hand, the upper limit of the average daily supply amount of calcium is preferably 1.8 me / strain, more preferably 1.6 me / strain. If the average daily supply of the calcium is less than the lower limit, the root may not grow sufficiently. Conversely, when the average daily supply of the calcium exceeds the upper limit, the deficiency of other components may be induced.

  The lower limit of the average supply amount of magnesium per day from planting to planting is preferably 0.15 me / strain, more preferably 0.18 me / strain. On the other hand, the upper limit of the average daily supply of magnesium is preferably 0.27 me / strain, more preferably 0.24 me / strain. If the average daily supply of the magnesium is less than the lower limit, the leaves may be yellowed. Conversely, when the average daily supply amount of the magnesium exceeds the upper limit, potassium and calcium supplied to the fruits and vegetables may be deficient.

(Cultivation method from late planting season to early fruit enlargement)
Cultivation from the latter half of the planting period to the early stage of fruit enlargement is performed using a medium planted after seedling raising. That is, the cultivation from the latter half of the planting period to the early stage of fruit enlargement is performed continuously with the cultivation in these periods using the same cultivation apparatus as that of the first half of the above-mentioned planting period. In addition, as a fertilization method from the latter half of the planting period to the early stage of fruit enlargement, the same method as in the first half of the above-mentioned regular planting period can be used.

  As a fertilizer to be supplied from the latter half of the planting period to the early stage of fruit enlargement, a chemical fertilizer is generally used, and a culture solution is preferably used. From the latter half of the planting period to the early stage of fruit enlargement, a different chemical fertilizer is used than in the first half of the planting period. Furthermore, from the latter half of the planting period to the early stage of fruit enlargement, it is preferable to use the same chemical fertilizer so that nutrients can be supplied to the seedlings in a well-balanced manner so that the seedlings can grow sufficiently.

  The components contained in the above-mentioned chemical fertilizer include a nitrogen component, a phosphorus component, potassium, calcium, magnesium and the like, and may contain a hydrogen component, a sulfuric acid, a chlorine component and the like from the viewpoint of maintaining an ion balance. The content of each component other than potassium contained in the chemical fertilizer can be the same as the content of each component contained in the chemical fertilizer supplied in the first half of the planting season.

  The average potassium content in the chemical fertilizer supplied from the latter half of the planting period to the early stage of fruit enlargement is higher than the average potassium content in the chemical fertilizer supplied in the first half of the above-mentioned planting period. That is, in the cultivation method, the average potassium content in the fertilizer supplied in the fertilizer supply step is increased after the rooting.

  The lower limit of the ratio of the average potassium content after activation to the average potassium content before activation in the fertilizer supplied in the fertilizer supply step is preferably 1.5, more preferably 1.7, and even more preferably 1.9. On the other hand, the upper limit of the ratio is preferably 3, more preferably 2.7, and still more preferably 2.5. If the ratio is less than the lower limit, the acidity of the fruit may not be sufficiently improved. Conversely, if the above ratio exceeds the above upper limit, a sufficient yield of fruit may not be obtained.

  The lower limit of the average potassium content in the chemical fertilizer supplied from the latter half of the planting period to the early stage of fruit enlargement is preferably 20 me / L, more preferably 25 me / L, and even more preferably 27 me / L. On the other hand, the upper limit of the average potassium content is preferably 45 me / L, more preferably 42 me / L, and still more preferably 34 me / L. If the average potassium content is less than the lower limit, the acidity of the fruit may not be sufficiently improved. Conversely, if the average potassium content exceeds the upper limit, a sufficient yield of fruit may not be obtained. On the other hand, the chemical fertilizer in which the average potassium content is adjusted within the above range can improve the acidity of the fruit while suppressing the decrease in the yield of the fruit.

  Further, in the cultivation method, the average potassium content of the fertilizer to be supplied up to the rooting in the fertilizer supply step is included in the above range, and the average potassium content of the fertilizer supplied after the rooting is included in the above range. Is preferred. The cultivation method, the average potassium content of the fertilizer to be supplied before the rooting in the fertilizer supply step and the average potassium content of the fertilizer to be supplied after the rooting both within the above range, while suppressing the reduction of fruit yield, The acidity of the fruit can be further improved.

  The average nitrogen content, average phosphorus content, average calcium content, and average magnesium content of the fertilizer supplied before planting in the fertilizer supply process. Is preferably 0.8 or more and 1.2 or less. The cultivation method can sufficiently promote the growth of fruits and vegetables by setting the ratio of the contents of the above components to the above range.

  It is preferable to gradually increase the amount of fertilizer from the latter half of the planting period to the early stage of fruit enlargement. From the latter half of the planting period to the early stage of fruit enlargement, the amount of fertilization may be increased, for example, every day, or the amount of fertilization may be increased in steps of about 5 to 10 days. When the amount of fertilization is increased stepwise, it can be increased, for example, in two to four stages. The lower limit of the average daily fertilization amount from the rooting to the early stage of fruit enlargement is preferably 0.15 L / strain, more preferably 0.20 L / strain. On the other hand, the upper limit of the average fertilization amount is preferably 0.25 L / strain, more preferably 0.23 L / strain. If the average fertilization amount is less than the lower limit, the seedlings may not grow sufficiently. Conversely, when the average fertilization amount exceeds the upper limit, there is a possibility that each component will be oversupplied.

  The lower limit of the average daily supply of potassium from the latter half of the planting period to the early stage of fruit enlargement is preferably 4.6 me / strain, more preferably 5.5 me / strain. On the other hand, the upper limit of the average daily supply of potassium is preferably 9.2 me / strain, more preferably 7.7 me / strain. If the average daily supply of the potassium is less than the lower limit, the acidity of the fruit may not be sufficiently improved. Conversely, if the average daily supply of the potassium exceeds the upper limit, a sufficient yield of fruit may not be obtained.

  The lower limit of the average daily supply of nitrogen components from the latter half of the planting period to the early stage of fruit enlargement is preferably 3.6 me / strain, more preferably 4.3 me / strain. On the other hand, the upper limit of the average daily supply amount of the nitrogen component is preferably 7.2 me / strain, more preferably 6 me / strain. Generally, the period from the latter half of the planting period to the early stage of fruit enlargement is the time when nitrogen is most needed, and if the average daily supply of the nitrogen component is less than the above lower limit, fruit yield may be reduced. Conversely, if the average supply amount of the nitrogen component per day exceeds the upper limit, overgrowth may be caused, and it may take time and effort to properly grow fruit and vegetables.

(Cultivation method after the beginning of fruit enlargement)
The cultivation after the initial stage of fruit enlargement is continuously performed in the cultivation in these periods using the same cultivation apparatus as that from the latter half of the planting period to the early stage of fruit enlargement. In addition, as a fertilization method after the initial stage of fruit enlargement, the same method as in the first half of the above-mentioned planting period can be used. Furthermore, the fertilization period after the initial stage of fruit enlargement can be, for example, until harvest of the fruit.

  As a fertilizer to be applied after the initial stage of fruit enlargement, a chemical fertilizer is generally used, and a culture solution is preferably used. In addition, from the early stage of fruit enlargement, the same chemical fertilizer may be used from the latter half of the planting period to the early stage of fruit enlargement.However, from the viewpoint of improving the sweetness of the fruit, the chemical fertilizer having a low nitrogen component content is used. It is preferable to use That is, in the cultivation method, it is preferable that the average nitrogen content of the fertilizer supplied in the fertilizer supply step after the initial stage of fruit enlargement is lower than the average nitrogen content until the early stage of fruit enlargement. According to the findings of the present inventors, by lowering the average nitrogen component content after the initial stage of fruit enlargement in the fertilizer supplied in the fertilizer supply step is lower than the average nitrogen component content until the initial stage of fruit enlargement, the yield of fruit The sweetness of the fruit can be improved while suppressing the decrease. Therefore, the cultivation method, by lowering the average nitrogen component content after the initial stage of fruit enlargement in the fertilizer supplied in the fertilizer supply step is lower than the average nitrogen component content until the early stage of fruit enlargement, in the fertilizer supplied after the rooting The synergistic effect with increasing the average potassium content can improve the sweetness of the fruit in addition to the acidity of the fruit, while suppressing the decrease in the yield of the fruit.

  Even when using a chemical fertilizer with a low nitrogen content, as a content other than the nitrogen component contained in the chemical fertilizer, the chemical fertilizer supplied from the latter half of the planting period to the early stage of fruit enlargement. It can be the same as the content of each component contained.

  After the initial stage of fruit enlargement, it is preferable to keep the fertilization amount substantially constant so that the quality of the fruit can be kept constant. The lower limit of the average daily fertilization rate after the initial stage of fruit enlargement is preferably 0.2 L / strain, more preferably 0.24 L / strain. On the other hand, the upper limit of the average fertilization amount is preferably 0.34 L / strain, more preferably 0.3 L / strain. If the average fertilization amount is less than the lower limit, the quality of the fruit may not be sufficiently improved. Conversely, when the average fertilization amount exceeds the upper limit, there is a possibility that each component will be oversupplied.

  When using a chemical fertilizer with a low nitrogen content after the initial stage of fruit enlargement, the average nitrogen content from the beginning of fruit enlargement to the average nitrogen content until the beginning of fruit enlargement in the fertilizer supplied in the fertilizer supply step As a minimum of a ratio, 0.3 is preferred, 0.4 is more preferred, and 0.5 is still more preferred. On the other hand, the ratio is preferably less than 1, and the upper limit of the ratio is more preferably 0.8, and still more preferably 0.6. If the above ratio is less than the above lower limit, there is a possibility that a sufficient yield of fruit may not be obtained. Conversely, if the ratio exceeds the upper limit, the sweetness may not be sufficiently improved.

  When using a chemical fertilizer having a low nitrogen content after the initial stage of fruit enlargement, the lower limit of the average nitrogen content of the fertilizer supplied after the initial stage of fruit enlargement is preferably 5 me / L, more preferably 7 me / L. And 10 me / L is more preferred. On the other hand, the upper limit of the average nitrogen component content is preferably 15 me / L, more preferably 13 me / L, and still more preferably 11 me / L. If the average nitrogen component content is less than the lower limit, there is a possibility that a sufficient yield of fruit may not be obtained. Conversely, if the average nitrogen component content exceeds the upper limit, sweetness may not be sufficiently improved.

  In the cultivation method, the average nitrogen component content of the fertilizer supplied in the fertilizer supply step up to the early stage of fruit enlargement is included in the above-described range, and the average nitrogen component content of the fertilizer supplied after the initial stage of fruit enlargement is increased. It is preferable to be included in the above range. The cultivation method, the fertilizer supply step, the average nitrogen component content of the fertilizer to be supplied up to the early stage of fruit enlargement and the average nitrogen component content of the fertilizer to be supplied after the initial stage of fruit enlargement are within the above range, fruit The sweetness of the fruit can be further improved while suppressing a decrease in the yield of the fruit.

  Content of these components in fertilizers supplied from the beginning of fruit enlargement on average phosphorus content, average potassium content, average calcium content, and average magnesium content in fertilizers supplied during the fertilizer supply process from rooting to early fruit enlargement The ratio of the rates is preferably 0.8 or more and 1.2 or less. According to the cultivation method, by setting the content of each of the above components within the above range, it is possible to sufficiently obtain the fruit while improving the quality of the fruit.

  When using a chemical fertilizer having a low nitrogen component content after the initial stage of fruit enlargement, the lower limit of the average daily supply of nitrogen components after the initial stage of fruit enlargement is preferably 1.5 me / strain and 2.2 me / strain. Strains are more preferred. On the other hand, the upper limit of the average daily supply of nitrogen components after the initial stage of fruit enlargement is preferably 4 me / strain, more preferably 3.5 me / strain. If the average daily supply of the nitrogen component is less than the above lower limit, the yield of fruits may be reduced. Conversely, if the average daily supply of the nitrogen component exceeds the upper limit, the sweetness of the fruit may not be sufficiently improved.

  The lower limit of the average daily supply amount of potassium after the initial stage of fruit enlargement is preferably 5.7 me / strain, more preferably 6.8 me / strain. On the other hand, the upper limit of the average daily supply amount of potassium is preferably 11.5 me / strain, more preferably 9.5 me / strain. If the average daily supply amount of the potassium is less than the lower limit, the acidity of the fruit may not be sufficiently improved. Conversely, if the average daily supply of the potassium exceeds the upper limit, a sufficient yield of fruit may not be obtained.

  The cultivation method is preferably used for pinch cultivation of at least three or more stages. According to the cultivation method, since the potassium content in the fertilizer supplied in the fertilizer supply step is increased after the rooting, the acidity of the fruit of the third or higher stage can be sufficiently increased. In addition, according to such pinching cultivation, the fruits enlarge in order from the first stage below. Therefore, the first and second stages are easily affected by the nitrogen components remaining in the culture medium and the nitrogen components already absorbed inside the fruits and vegetables. On the other hand, at the third stage and above, the effects of nitrogen components remaining in the medium are difficult to reach, so the nitrogen content in chemical fertilizers applied after the initial stage of fruit enlargement is reduced to reduce the nitrogen content. Sugar content can be easily and surely increased to improve the sweetness of the fruit.

[Other Embodiments]
The embodiments disclosed this time are to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the present invention is not limited to the configuration of the above-described embodiment, but is indicated by the appended claims, and is intended to include all modifications within the scope and meaning equivalent to the appended claims. You.

  In the cultivation method, it is not always necessary to use two or three types of chemical fertilizers, and for example, four or more types of chemical fertilizers may be used. Further, in the cultivation method, it is not always necessary to change the chemical fertilizer in the first half of the planting season, in the latter half of the planting season to the early stage of fruit enlargement, and at intervals after the early stage of fruit enlargement.

  In the cultivation method, the supply period of the fertilizer with the increased potassium content is particularly limited as long as the average potassium content in the fertilizer supplied after the rooting is higher than the average potassium content in the fertilizer supplied from the planting to the rooting. Not something. In the cultivation method, for example, the average potassium content in the fertilizer does not necessarily need to be increased immediately after cultivation, and may be increased from any time point between the cultivation and the flowering period. However, from the viewpoint of increasing the acidity of the fruit, it is preferable to increase the potassium content at least at the stage before the flowering period. Further, from the viewpoint of increasing the acidity of the fruit, it is preferable to increase the potassium content in the fertilizer immediately after the rooting, and it is more preferable to continuously increase the potassium content immediately after the rooting until the harvest period.

  In the cultivation method, the potassium content in the fertilizer to be supplied after the cultivation may be changed from after the cultivation to the harvesting period. In the cultivation method, for example, the potassium content in the fertilizer supplied from after the planting until the harvest period may be gradually increased or decreased.

  When using a chemical fertilizer with a low nitrogen content after the initial stage of fruit enlargement, the period for reducing the supply of nitrogen components after the initial stage of fruit enlargement, as long as the early stage of fruit enlargement is included, for example, from the early stage of fruit enlargement to the harvest season It may be continued or only during the period from the early stage of fruit enlargement to the late stage of fruit enlargement. In addition, the cultivation method, when the average nitrogen component content in the fertilizer after the initial stage of fruit enlargement is lower than the average nitrogen component content in the fertilizer until the early stage of fruit enlargement, for example, after the fruit set stage and before the beginning of fruit enlargement The average nitrogen component content in the fertilizer to be used may be lowered. However, the cultivation method preferably reduces only the average nitrogen component content in the fertilizer supplied after the initial stage of fruit enlargement, from the viewpoint of suppressing a decrease in the yield of fruits.

  In the cultivation method, the nitrogen component content in the fertilizer supplied after the nitrogen component supply amount reduction period may be the same as the nitrogen component content in the fertilizer supplied before the beginning of fruit enlargement. Moreover, the cultivation method may gradually increase or decrease the nitrogen component content in the fertilizer supplied during the nitrogen component supply amount reduction period.

  When a chemical fertilizer having a low nitrogen component content is used after the initial stage of fruit enlargement, the period for reducing the supply of the nitrogen component preferably includes a period from 4 weeks to 10 weeks after flowering. It is difficult to sufficiently improve the sweetness of the fruit when the time for reducing the supply amount of the nitrogen component is later than the initial stage of fruit enlargement, but by including the period of the range as the period for reducing the supply amount of the nitrogen component, the yield of the fruit is reduced. The sweetness of the fruit can be improved more accurately while suppressing the decrease.

  The cultivation method does not necessarily need to be used for nutrient solution cultivation, but may be used for soil cultivation. The cultivation method, even when used for soil cultivation, it is possible to improve the acidity of the fruit while suppressing the reduction in the yield of the fruit

  The cultivation method does not necessarily need to be used for pinching cultivation. Further, even when used for pinching cultivation, it is not always necessary to use it for pinching cultivation in three or more stages, and it may be used for one-stage pinching or two-stage pinching.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail by way of examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

[No. 1]
A mixture of tomato culture solution "Green Up A-1" (amount of salt content of 350 g) manufactured by Green Up Service Co., Ltd. and calcium nitrate (233.0 g) manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. . Prepare 1 culture solution. No. Table 1 shows the components contained in the culture solution No. 1.

[No. 2]
No. The calcium nitrate (232.3 g) manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. used in Step 1 was added to potassium dihydrogen phosphate (61.6 g), potassium nitrate (233.0 g), potassium chloride (203.5 g), and magnesium sulfate (73.5 g). No. hydrate (36.5 g) was mixed. Prepare the culture solution of No. 2. No. Table 1 shows the components contained in the culture solution No. 2.

[No. 3]
No. 1 was added to calcium nitrate (232.3 g) manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (61.6 g), potassium nitrate (233.0 g), potassium chloride (407.0 g) and magnesium sulfate No. hydrate (36.5 g) was mixed. Prepare a culture solution of No. 3. No. Table 1 shows the components contained in the culture solution No. 3.

[No. 4]
No. To calcium nitrate (116.5 g) manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. used in 1 above, potassium dihydrogen phosphate (61.6 g), potassium nitrate (113.1 g), calcium chloride heptahydrate (71.0 g) , Potassium chloride (290.9 g) and magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (36.5 g). Prepare a culture solution of No. 4. No. Table 1 shows the components contained in the culture solution No. 4.

<Electric conductivity>
No. 1 to No. The electric conductivity (culture liquid EC) of the culture solution of No. 4 was measured using a “portable electric conductivity / pH meter” manufactured by Toa DKK Corporation. Table 1 shows the measurement results of the culture solution EC.

  A plurality of tomato seedlings grown under the same conditions are prepared, and these seedlings are planted in separate media A to D so that the respective nutrient solutions are not mixed. Note that river sand is used as each of the culture media A to D. These seedlings are grown by three-stage pinching.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the seedlings planted in the mediums A to D were all No. 10 until 10 days after planting. A certain amount of the culture solution is supplied by a drip irrigation tube. In addition, the survival of the seedlings planted in the culture media A to D is 11 days after the planting. The flowering period of the seedlings planted in the mediums A to D is 24 days after planting. The fruit setting stage of the seedlings planted in the mediums A to D is 33 days after the planting. Furthermore, the seedlings planted in the mediums A to D reach the early stage of fruit hypertrophy at the time point of 36 days after planting.

  Next, from the 11th day to the 35th day after the planting, the seedlings planted in the culture medium A were No. 1 plants. One culture solution is supplied so that each component has the fertilization amount shown in FIG. For the above period, the seedlings planted in the mediums B and D were No. 2 is supplied such that each component has the fertilization amount shown in FIGS. Further, for the above-mentioned period, No. The culture solution of No. 3 is supplied so that each component has the fertilization amount shown in FIG.

  Subsequently, from the 36th day after the planting, the same culture solution as that from the 11th to 35th days after the planting was applied to the seedlings planted in the mediums A, B and C. Supply so that the fertilization amount of. On the other hand, for the above period, No. The culture solution of No. 4 is supplied such that each component has the fertilization amount shown in FIG. The fruit obtained from the seedling planted in the medium A is the fruit a, the fruit obtained from the seedling planted in the medium B is the fruit b, the fruit obtained from the seedling planted in the medium C is the fruit c, and the seedling planted in the medium D. The fruit obtained from the above is referred to as a fruit d.

  FIG. 5 shows the yield of fruits a to d obtained by the above cultivation method. The “yield” refers to the yield of fruits up to the third stage in pinching cultivation.

  6 to 8 show the total organic acid content, total sugar content, and total amino acid content of the fruits a to d obtained by the above cultivation method. The "total organic acid content", "total sugar content" and "total amino acid content" were measured using "High Performance Liquid Chromatograph GL-7420" manufactured by GL Sciences Corporation.

<Change in yield>
As can be seen from FIG. 5, the total yield of fruits a, b, d does not change much. However, the potassium content of the fertilizer supplied on and after the 11th day after planting was No. No. 1 was 3 times the culture solution of No. 1. The total yield of the fruit c using the culture solution 3 is slightly lower than that of the fruits a, b, and d. This is considered to be because salt stress is applied to the seedling due to the high culture solution EC.

<Changes in taste components>
As shown in FIG. 6, for fruits b, c, and d obtained by increasing the potassium content in the fertilizer supplied on and after the 11th day after planting, the total organic acid content is increased, and the acidity of the fruit is improved. . In particular, the higher the potassium content in the fertilizer, the higher the total organic acid content of the fruits of the third and higher stages. This is because, in the cultivation method, since the amount of potassium supply during the period until rooting is suppressed to a certain level so as to suppress a decrease in fruit yield, the total organic acid content is significantly increased in the first and second stages. However, it is considered that the effect of increasing the supply amount of potassium after activation becomes more remarkable than the suppression effect of the supply amount of potassium for a certain period from planting when the stage becomes the third stage or more.

  Further, as shown in FIG. No. 1 was 3 times the culture solution of No. 1. The fruit c obtained using the culture solution No. 3 has a high total sugar content. Furthermore, the fruit d obtained by lowering the nitrogen component content in the fertilizer supplied after the 36th day after planting has a higher total sugar content. In addition, as for the fruit d, the ratio of increase in the total sugar content with respect to the other fruits a, b, and c increases as the number of stages increases. This is considered to be due to the fact that as the number of plates increases, the influence of nitrogen components and the like remaining in the medium becomes less likely, and the association between the supply amount of the nitrogen components and the total sugar content increases.

  Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 8, there is no remarkable difference in the total amino acid content between fruits a to c. That is, the fruits b and c can increase the acidity while maintaining the sweetness and the umami to a certain extent. In addition, as for the fruit d obtained by lowering the nitrogen content in the fertilizer supplied after the 36th day after planting, although the total amino acid content is lower than that of the fruits a to c, the umami is maintained at an appropriate level. Acidity and sweetness can be increased.

  As described above, the cultivation method and the chemical fertilizer of the present invention can improve the acidity of fruits while suppressing a decrease in fruit yield, and are suitable for cultivation of fruits and vegetables such as tomatoes.

Claims (4)

A method for cultivating fruit and vegetables comprising a fertilizer supply step of supplying fertilizer,
In the above fertilizer supply process,
The average potassium content of the fertilizer to be supplied before the rooting is 10 to 18 me / L, and the average potassium content of the fertilizer to be supplied after the rooting is 20 to 45 me / L,
Increase the average potassium content in the fertilizer to be supplied after the rooting,
A cultivation method in which the ratio of the average potassium content after cultivation to the average potassium content before cultivation is 1.5 or more and 3 or less. A method for cultivating fruit and vegetables comprising a fertilizer supply step of supplying fertilizer,
In the above fertilizer supply process,
The average nitrogen component content of the fertilizer to be supplied up to the early stage of fruit enlargement is 15 to 25 me / L, and the average nitrogen component content of the fertilizer to be supplied after the initial stage of fruit enlargement is 5 to less than 15 me / L,
The average nitrogen content after the initial stage of fruit enlargement is lower than the average nitrogen content before the initial stage of fruit enlargement,
A cultivation method wherein the ratio of the average nitrogen component content after the initial stage of fruit enlargement to the average nitrogen component content until the initial stage of fruit enlargement is 0.3 or more and less than 1.   The cultivation method according to any one of claims 1 to 2, which is used for hydroponics.   The cultivation method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the fruits and vegetables are tomatoes.

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