JP6659602B2 - Power management device - Google Patents

Description

  Embodiments of the present invention relate to a power management device.

  In a conventional power system, electric power according to demand has been obtained by adjusting the amount of power generation. For example, when a change occurs in demand, the amount of power generation is controlled in accordance with the change. For this reason, a loss has occurred due to a balance difference between demand and supply and a loss due to inability to adjust demand itself. Another problem is that efficient control between demand and supply cannot be performed.

  On the other hand, in recent years, a technology called a smart grid has been proposed. The concept of this technology is to connect the power generation equipment to the terminal power equipment via a network to achieve efficient control between supply and demand, which was difficult to achieve with conventional central control. can do.

  Furthermore, in order to use surplus power generated during the time when supply exceeds demand, during the time when demand exceeds supply, huge stationary storage batteries and home-level storage batteries for each customer are used. It has been proposed to do so. With this, when power is procured based on the long-term plan, when a difference occurs between the procured power amount and the used power amount, the power of the storage battery is charged and discharged. In addition, it is possible to efficiently suppress a mismatch (imbalance) between supply and demand.

JP 2015-14935A

  However, if the amount of power demanded by consumers is different from the amount of power procured based on long-term forecasts over several days or weeks due to the weather, etc., the capacity of the storage battery Then, it may be difficult to charge and discharge.

  By the way, buying and selling of electric power in the electric power market is performed at various timings. Therefore, for example, when power is procured based on a long-term plan, if the procured power is likely to be short or surplus, it is possible to buy and sell in a short-term market.

  Therefore, when the difference between the amount of power demanded to be used by the consumer and the amount of power procured based on long-term prediction cannot be absorbed by the capacity of the storage battery, the capacity of the storage battery and the like are considered. Above, it is difficult to identify the right time to buy or sell electricity in the electricity market.

  The power management apparatus according to the embodiment controls the storage battery of the first group of consumers provided with the storage batteries, which is included in the total group of consumers consuming power supplied from the power distribution system. A power management device that performs adjustment includes a prediction calculation unit, a first acquisition unit, a second acquisition unit, a first calculation unit, a second calculation unit, and a time identification unit. The prediction calculation unit calculates a demand prediction power amount indicating a usage amount of power predicted for each unit time obtained by dividing a day in the customers included in the total customer group. The first acquisition unit acquires the amount of procured power that can be supplied per unit time of day, which is procured from the power market to supply the total consumers. The second acquisition unit acquires the charge amount of the storage battery of the first consumer group at the start time of the day. The first calculation unit calculates a charge / discharge instruction value for instructing the storage battery for each unit time, based on the predicted power demand and the procurable power that can be supplied per unit time. The second calculation unit is configured to perform a charge / discharge control of the storage battery based on the charge / discharge instruction value and the charge amount of the storage battery at the start time of the day. When a first time is calculated that is lower than a first threshold value defined as a criterion for suppressing the power supply, or exceeds a second threshold value determined as a criterion for suppressing the charging, and is calculated below a first threshold value, Calculates the insufficient power amount by subtracting the electric power discharged to the first threshold value from the charge / discharge instruction value, and when the charge amount exceeds the second threshold value, charges from the charge / discharge instruction value to the second threshold value The surplus power amount obtained by subtracting the obtained power amount is calculated. When the first time that is less than the first threshold is calculated, the time specifying unit is configured to store the power of the storage battery when the power shortage is purchased at the time before the first time. A purchase scheduled time that does not exceed the third threshold set as the upper limit of the amount is specified, and if a second time that exceeds the second threshold is calculated, it is a time before the second time, When the surplus power amount is sold at the time, a scheduled sale time that does not fall below a fourth threshold set as the lower limit of the storage amount of the storage battery is specified.

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a power supply and demand management system according to the first embodiment. FIG. 2 is a diagram exemplifying a configuration of a first customer according to the first embodiment. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of the supply and demand management server according to the first embodiment. FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the amount of power for each time zone supplied from the power generation system of the first embodiment to a group of consumers. FIG. 5 shows a short-term prediction result of the power consumption calculated by the demand prediction calculation unit of the first embodiment one day before based on the demand prediction information storage unit and the customer-specific power storage information storage unit. FIG. FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a difference between the amount of power actually used by the customer group and the amount of power supplied from the power generation system. FIG. 7 is a sequence diagram illustrating communication performed between the supply and demand management server according to the first embodiment and a first customer having a storage battery. FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a change in the charge amount of the storage battery according to the first embodiment, and an insufficient power amount and an excess power amount. FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of a method of determining a scheduled time for purchasing power performed by the supply and demand management server according to the first embodiment. FIG. 10 is a diagram exemplifying a settable range of the estimated purchase time by the time specifying unit according to the first embodiment. FIG. 11 is a diagram exemplifying a chargeable (adjustable) power amount and a time zone set for each chargeable power amount specified by the time specifying unit according to the first embodiment. FIG. 12 is a flowchart illustrating an overall processing procedure in the supply and demand management server according to the first embodiment. FIG. 13 is a flowchart illustrating a process of specifying the purchase scheduled time and the amount of power to purchase in the power market in the supply and demand management unit according to the first embodiment. FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of the supply and demand management server according to the second embodiment. FIG. 15 is a diagram exemplifying trend data of the selling price of the power market stored in the cost data storage unit according to the second embodiment. FIG. 16 is a flowchart illustrating a procedure of a process of specifying a purchase / sale scheduled time for each time zone in the time calculation unit according to the second embodiment. FIG. 17 is a flowchart illustrating the procedure of the procurement process by the power market up to the day in the supply and demand management server of the first modification. FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a power supply and demand management system according to a second modification.

  In the present embodiment, an example in which the power management apparatus is applied to a supply and demand management server of a power supply and demand management system will be described. However, the power management apparatus may be used for other systems and apparatuses.

(First embodiment)
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a power supply and demand management system according to the first embodiment. The example shown in FIG. 1 shows the entire power system during power liberalization.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the power supply and demand management system includes a supply and demand management server 100, a meter management server 103, a power generation system 104, a customer group 101 provided with storage batteries, and a customer group 102 provided with no storage batteries. And a power market server 180. In the present embodiment, a group of consumers 101 including storage batteries and a group of customers 102 not including storage batteries are referred to as a total customer group that consumes power supplied from the power distribution system.

  The power generated by the power generation system 104 of the power generation company is supplied to each of the customer groups 101 and 102 via the power system network 152. The power supply and demand management system of the present embodiment adjusts power demand by controlling charging and discharging of power supplied from a power distribution system including a power generation system 104 by a storage battery 121 of a customer group 101.

  As shown in FIG. 1, power is supplied from the power generation system 104 to the customer groups 101 and 102 via the power system network 152. In the present embodiment, the smart meters 111 and 112 are arranged in all consumers. Therefore, the power consumption of the consumer can be measured regardless of whether the storage battery is provided.

  Power consumption of the consumer group 102 without a storage battery is for each of the smart meters 112_1, 112_2,..., 112_m provided for each of the customers 102_1, 102_2,. Has been measured.

  The power consumption of the consumer group 101 provided with the storage batteries is measured for each of the smart meters 111_1, 111_2, 111_3,..., 111_n (hereinafter, referred to as smart meters 111) provided in each of the consumer groups 101. I have.

  The power measured by the smart meter 112 and the smart meter 111 is notified to the meter management server 103 of the power distribution company via the AMI network (smart meter network) 153 every 30 minutes.

  A general electric power retailer can acquire data of the smart meters 111 and 112 measured every 30 minutes from the electric power distributor through the network 154 between electric power system operators. In the present embodiment, the data collected by the meter management server 103 of the power distribution company is transmitted to the supply and demand management server 100 of the power retail business company via the network 154 between the power system businesses.

  By the way, according to the current rules, it takes 30 minutes to obtain the latest data. Considering the notification every 30 minutes from the smart meters 111 and 112, it is possible to obtain the measurement data up to 60 minutes before.

  Further, the customer group 101 is provided for each of the first customer 101_1, the second customer 101_2, the third customer 101_3,..., And the n-th customer 101_n (n is a natural number). Each of the storage batteries 121_1, 121_2, 121_3,..., 121_n (hereinafter, also referred to as the storage batteries 121) transmits detailed information (for example, SoC) of the storage batteries 121 via a public network (for example, Internet communication network) 151 to a power retailer. Notify the supply and demand management server 100 of the business operator.

  That is, in the consumer group 101 that owns the storage battery 121, measurement and notification are performed by the smart meter 111, similarly to the consumer group 102, and at the same time, the charge / discharge status of the storage battery 121 and the consumer Is periodically notified to the supply and demand management server 100 of the retailer. In the present embodiment, the notification period is set to a unit of 5 minutes as an example, but is not limited to a unit of 5 minutes, and an appropriate period is set according to the embodiment.

  In accordance with this, the supply and demand management server 100 of the electric power retailer supplies the measurement data in 30-minute units from the meter management server 103 of the electric power distribution company, and the 5-minute-specific details on the storage batteries 121 of the consumer group 101 via the public network 151. Receive various measurement data.

  In addition, the power supply and demand management server 100 of the power retailer is to procure power to be supplied to the customer with the power generator having the power generation system 104 via the network 154 between the power systems. Communication.

  Then, the supply and demand management server 100 of the present embodiment is based on the measurement data in 30-minute units by the smart meters 111 and 112 and the detailed measurement data in 5-minute units from the customer group 101 having the storage battery 121. , Processing can be performed.

  As an example of the processing, the supply and demand management server 100 of the electric power retailer uses the electric power supplied from the power generation system 104 and the customer groups 101 and 102 based on the received measurement data and the detailed information on the storage battery 121. By performing charge / discharge control of the storage batteries 121 of the customer group 101 based on the prediction of the amount of power to be performed, the simultaneous same-quantity control is realized.

  FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of the first customer 101_1. As shown in FIG. 2, the load 204 and the storage battery system 200 are connected via the distribution line 201. The first customer 101_1 is, for example, equipment provided on the premises of a home or a company. In the example illustrated in FIG. 2, the configuration of the first customer 101_1 will be described. However, the second customers 101_2,...

  The first customer 101_1 of the present embodiment is supplied with power from the power generation system 104 via the power system network 152. The power output from the power generation system 104 is supplied to the storage battery system 200 and the load 204 via the distribution line 201.

  The smart meter 111_1 measures power supplied from the power generation system 104. Furthermore, the smart meter 111_1 measures the electric power used in the first customer 101_1, and grasps the electricity usage state in the first customer 101_1 through HEMS (Home Energy Management System) or the like. Then, the smart meter 111_1 uses the power measurement result of the first customer 101_1 as measurement data (including the power usage status) as a measurement data via the AMI network (smart meter network) 153 and the meter management server of the power distribution company. 103 is notified every 30 minutes.

  The load 204 may be any device that consumes power, such as a home electric appliance provided on the premises of a home or a company.

  Power sensor 202 measures power between storage battery 121_1 and load 204. Power sensor 202 outputs the measurement result of the power to control unit 211.

  The storage battery system 200 includes a control unit 211, a storage battery 121_1, a PCS 213, and a communication unit 212.

  The PCS 213 performs control to mutually convert the DC power of the storage battery 121_1 and the AC power flowing through the distribution line 201.

  Then, the power discharged from the storage battery 121_1 is converted into AC power by the PCS 213 and then supplied to the load 204 and the like.

  The communication unit 212 transmits and receives information to and from another communication device connected via the public network 151. For example, the communication unit 212 transmits detailed measurement data on the storage battery system 200 to the supply and demand management server 100 every five minutes. The detailed measurement data is information necessary for charging / discharging the storage battery 121_1. In addition to the information including the SoC of the storage battery 121_1, the storage battery 121_1 measured by the power sensor 202 and the smart meter 111_1 includes: Power consumption information indicating the power consumption by the load 204 is included.

  The control unit 211 controls the entire storage battery system 200. For example, the control unit 211 controls charging / discharging of the storage battery 121_1 based on a charge / discharge control instruction (charge / discharge plan) received by the communication unit 212 from the supply / demand management server 100.

  The control unit 211 can communicate with the supply and demand management server 100 via the communication unit 212. Thus, for example, the control unit 211 can operate according to an instruction from the supply and demand management server 100.

  When the storage battery 121_1 has been charged, the smart meter 111_1 calculates the electric energy obtained by adding the electric energy consumed by the load 204 in the first consumer 101_1 to the electric energy charged by the storage battery 121_1 to the first consumer. It is measured as the power consumption used in 101_1. Then, the smart meter 111_1 transmits the measurement result to the meter management server 103.

  The control unit 211 also performs control for suppressing a reverse power flow from a customer, which is a rule of a general power system. The reverse power flow is power flowing from the customer to the grid side, and occurs when the power discharged from the storage battery 121_1 becomes larger than the power consumption of the load 204 in the customer. Reverse power flow power is also measured by the smart meter 111_1. Therefore, the power can be sold at an amount corresponding to the generated reverse power flow power amount, but the reverse power flow due to the power from the storage battery 121_1 is normally prohibited.

  Therefore, in the present embodiment, an example in which the reverse power flow due to the electric power from the storage battery is limited will be described. In addition, assuming that the storage battery is under the control of the company that supplies the power, rather, the solar power and wind power, which are always unstable due to the weather, are temporarily stored in the storage battery to stabilize the entire system. It is thought that stable system operation is possible by discharging at the right timing and causing reverse power flow. In other words, the present embodiment describes a case where there is a restriction on reverse power flow, but it is assumed that effective charging and discharging of the storage battery can be performed even in an environment where there is no restriction on reverse power flow.

  Next, the supply and demand management server 100 will be described. FIG. 3 is a diagram exemplifying a configuration of the supply and demand management server 100 of the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 3, the supply and demand management server 100 includes a supply and demand management unit 301, a meter information storage unit 302, a power storage information storage unit 303 for each customer, a communication I / F 304, a demand prediction calculation unit 305, A demand prediction information storage unit 306, a determination data storage unit 307, and a purchase data storage unit 308 are provided. In the supply and demand management server 100, a processor (not shown) executes a program stored in a storage unit (for example, an HDD) not shown, thereby realizing a supply and demand management unit 301 and a demand prediction calculation unit 305. Further, the storage unit includes a meter information storage unit 302, a power storage information storage unit for each customer 303, a demand prediction information storage unit 306, a determination data storage unit 307, and a purchase data storage unit 308. Have been.

  The communication I / F 304 is a communication I / F for connecting to the public network 151 that connects to the storage battery 121 provided in the customer group 101 and the network 154 between electric power system operators. Accordingly, the communication I / F 304 can perform communication necessary for processing from power supply to supply and demand management.

  The demand prediction information storage unit 306 stores information, such as weather, temperature, and season, necessary for predicting the power used by the customer. The information is obtained from a server or the like that provides the weather and the like, but may be obtained in any manner.

  The meter information storage unit 302 stores measurement data obtained by the smart meters 111 and 112 provided in the customers of the customer groups 101 and 102, respectively.

  The meter information storage unit 302 of the present embodiment stores measurement data (for example, including a power measurement value) in units of 30 minutes collected from the smart meters 111 and 112. Note that the stored measurement data is obtained from the meter management server 103 via the network 154 between the power system companies, and the meter management server 103 collects the data from the smart meters 111 and 112 and distributes them to the retail business. There will be a delay before Therefore, the meter information storage unit 302 stores the latest data 60 minutes before.

  The customer-specific power storage information storage unit 303 stores detailed measurement data relating to the storage battery system 200 and power consumption provided in each of the customer groups 101. The measurement data includes, for example, SoC (charge capacity) of the storage battery 121 and information indicating power consumption. The storage information storage unit 303 for each customer is updated at intervals of reception by the reception processing unit 311 (described later). In the present embodiment, the reception processing unit 311 receives and updates at intervals of 1 to 5 minutes for each customer, but the reception interval is not limited. Thereby, the customer-specific power storage information storage unit 303 stores the latest measurement data from 1 minute to 5 minutes ago.

  The power demand data includes a value obtained by adding the amount of power charged and discharged by the storage battery 121 to the amount of power consumed by the load 204 by the consumer. In the present embodiment, since the charge capacity of the storage battery 121 is determined, the charge amount can be specified from the received SoC. Further, it is possible to specify an increase or decrease in the charge amount or the like based on a difference from the previous charge amount.

  The determination data storage unit 307 stores data serving as a criterion for purchasing power. For example, the determination data storage unit 307 stores various thresholds (upper threshold Margin-U and lower threshold Margin-L, upper threshold Limit-U and lower threshold Limit-L), and various reference values (upper reference value Risk_U and lower limit). The reference value Risk_L) is stored. Further, the determination data storage unit 307 stores the charge amount at the start time of the next day for each storage battery 121.

  Further, the determination data storage unit 307 also stores a change in the amount of charge for each storage battery 121 and the like, which are adjusted by procuring power in the power market.

  The purchase data storage unit 308 stores data indicating the amount of power purchased and sold by the power market server 180 (procured power amount data). For example, the purchase data storage unit 308 stores procured power amount data procured by the power market server 180 based on a long-term plan.

  The demand prediction calculation unit 305 is based on the information stored in the demand prediction information storage unit 306, the measurement data stored in the meter information storage unit 302, and the measurement data stored in the customer-specific power storage information storage unit 303. , The demand forecast power of each of the customer groups 101 and 102 and the total demand forecast power of all the customers are calculated. The demand prediction calculation unit 305 of the present embodiment indicates the power consumption predicted for each unit time (hereinafter, also referred to as management time) obtained by dividing a day for each customer included in the total customer group. Calculate the demand forecast power.

  The calculation of the predicted power amount for each consumer and the total predicted power amount for all customers is performed to purchase and sell power in a tradeable power market. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the calculation of the demand forecast power amount for each customer and the total demand forecast power amount of all customers are performed in consideration of environmental information such as the actual demand value of the customer that fluctuates as needed and the temperature. , The long-term power market, the previous day's power market, and one hour ahead of the power market.

  The supply and demand management unit 301 includes a reception processing unit 311, a purchased power amount acquisition unit 312, a charge amount acquisition unit 313, an instruction value calculation unit 314, a shortage / surplus power amount calculation unit 315, a time identification unit 316. , A transmission processing unit 317, and performs processing of the entire supply and demand management server 100. The supply and demand management unit 301 performs basic processing of supply and demand management.

  The reception processing unit 311 receives various types of information from communication devices connected via the public network 151 or the network 154 between power system providers. For example, the reception processing unit 311 receives, from the meter management server 103, measurement data obtained by the smart meters 111 and 112 provided for each customer in the customer groups 101 and 102. Then, the reception processing unit 311 stores the received measurement data in the meter information storage unit 302.

  As another example, the reception processing unit 311 transmits, from each of the first consumer groups 101 that consumes the power supplied from the power generation system 104 (power supply system), the storage battery system 200 provided to the customer, Receive detailed measurement data on power consumption.

  The purchased power amount acquisition unit 312 acquires, from the purchase data storage unit 308, the power amount data to be procured from the power market based on a long-term plan to be supplied to the total customers group based on a long-term plan tomorrow. The purchased power acquisition unit 312 of this embodiment acquires, as the procured power data for tomorrow and one day, the procured power that has already been purchased from the long-term power market and can be supplied from the power generation system 104 per unit time. In the present embodiment, an example is described in which the management time is 30 minutes because power is bought and sold in units of 30 minutes in the power market. However, the management time is not limited to 30 minutes.

  The charge amount acquisition unit 313 acquires the predicted charge amount of the storage battery 121 of the first consumer group 101 at the start time of one day tomorrow. In order to determine whether the storage battery 121 falls into an overflow state or a shortage state according to the change in the charge amount of the storage battery 121 tomorrow, the predicted charge amount of the storage battery 121 at the start time is necessary. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the charge amount acquisition unit 313 determines the change in the predicted demand power amount calculated by the demand prediction calculation unit 305 up to the start time of tomorrow, and the procured power amount supplied by the start time of tomorrow. Then, based on the measurement data stored in the power storage information storage unit 303 for each consumer, the predicted charge amount of the storage battery 121 of the first consumer group 101 at the start time of one day tomorrow is calculated and acquired. In the present embodiment, an example will be described in which the predicted charge amount of the storage battery 121 of the first consumer group 101 at the start time of tomorrow and one day is calculated, but the estimated charge amount may be obtained from another device or the like.

  The instruction value calculation unit 314 makes the predicted power demand (demand) and the power demand (supply) equal based on the predicted power demand and the procurable power that can be supplied to the customer groups 101 and 102. In this way, a charge / discharge plan indicating a charge / discharge instruction value for instructing the storage battery 121 is generated for each unit time.

  The instruction value calculation unit 314 generates a charge / discharge plan for the storage batteries 121 arranged in each of the customer groups 101 based on the demand prediction power amount estimated by the demand prediction calculation unit 305, and the transmission processing unit 317 An instruction for charge / discharge control of storage battery 121 is transmitted via communication I / F 304 in accordance with the charge / discharge plan.

  The instruction value calculation unit 314 uses the procured power amount procured from the power generation system 104 in advance and the consumer groups 101 and 102 in the unit time predicted by the demand prediction calculation unit 305 every 30 minutes (unit time). To be compared with the predicted total demand power amount. Then, according to the comparison result, the instruction value calculation unit 314 eliminates the imbalance, which is the difference power between the procured power amount and the estimated total demand power amount, in other words, performs simultaneous equal amount control, The charge / discharge power amount of the storage battery 121 provided in the first consumer group 101 per unit time is calculated, and a charge / discharge plan of the storage battery 121 is generated. Then, transmission processing section 317 transmits a charge / discharge instruction according to the charge / discharge plan to each storage battery 121 via communication I / F 304.

  In the present embodiment, in the charge / discharge plan, the amount of power to be discharged and the amount of power to be charged are imbalances (difference power amounts) that are differences between the estimated total demand power amount and the procured power amount.

  If surplus power remains as imbalance, the procured power is wasted. On the other hand, if insufficient power occurs as an imbalance, liquidation is performed later as the amount of power to be procured. Therefore, in any case, the cost of the electric power retailer increases. The imbalance is evaluated in power management time units (30 minutes in Japan). For this reason, it is necessary to perform charge / discharge control for eliminating imbalance in management time units.

  That is, when it is predicted that the total demand predicted power exceeds the procured power, the discharge from each storage battery 121 may be performed in management time units, and it is predicted that the total demand predicted power will be lower than the procured power. In this case, each storage battery 121 may be charged in units of management time. A charge / discharge plan is generated so as to perform such charge / discharge control.

  Then, the instruction value calculation unit 314 of the present embodiment distributes the imbalance to the storage batteries 121 distributed in the customer group 101 according to the charge / discharge plan. Then, the transmission processing unit 317 transmits an instruction to eliminate the distributed imbalance to the storage battery 121, and performs charge / discharge control.

  FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the amount of power for each time zone (A to E) supplied from the power generation system 104 to the customer groups 101 and 102. In the example illustrated in FIG. 4, the procured power amount 501 procured from the power generation company by being purchased in the long-term market is illustrated as the power amount supplied from the power generation system 104 to the customer groups 101 and 102. . The procured power amount 501 is calculated and purchased based on the total demand predicted power amount based on the long-term prediction by the demand prediction calculation unit 305 of the customer groups 101 and 102.

  In the present embodiment, the power management time (trading time unit) is generally performed in units of 30 minutes in Japan. For this reason, each value in the graph shown in FIG. 4 indicates the amount of procured power supplied in units of management time (30 minutes).

  However, the customer groups 101 and 102 do not always use power as long-term prediction.

  FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a short-term prediction result of the power consumption calculated one day before by the demand prediction calculation unit 305 based on the demand prediction information storage unit 306 and the customer-specific power storage information storage unit 303. . In the example shown in FIG. 5, the dotted line indicates the procured power amount 501 for each time zone (A to E) procured shown in FIG. The difference in the amount of electric power occurs because short-term prediction one day ago is more accurate than long-term prediction as a result of taking into account the latest temperature and the like, the latest change in actual demand, and the like.

  Then, the figure shows the surplus power generated when the power 601 is lower than the procured power as a result of the short-term prediction. The power amount 602 indicates an insufficient power amount generated when the amount of power exceeds the amount of power procured as a result of the short-term prediction.

  On the other hand, the supply and demand management server 100 of the present embodiment performs control to charge the surplus power generated as a result of the short-term prediction to the storage battery 121 provided in the customer group 101, and to control the insufficient power generated as a result of the short-term prediction. Is controlled to be discharged from the storage battery 121 provided in the consumer group 101.

  As described above, by performing charge / discharge control of the storage batteries 121 provided in the consumer group 101, simultaneous equal-quantity control can be achieved.

  However, depending on the charge amount (SoC) of the storage battery 121, there may be a case where simultaneous equal amount control cannot be achieved. In this case, adjustment is made by selling surplus power and purchasing insufficient power in a power market (also referred to as a spot market) opened one day ago. A specific adjustment method will be described later.

  Further, even if the electric energy is adjusted one day before, an error may occur in the demand forecast. In other words, imbalance occurs even if the charge / discharge plan of the storage battery 121 is regenerated or the surplus power amount and the shortage amount predicted the day before are adjusted in the spot market opened one day ago.

  FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a difference between the amount of power actually used by the customer groups 101 and 102 and the amount of power supplied from the power generation system 104. In the example shown in FIG. 6, a bold line 703 indicates the actually used power amount for each time zone (A to E). Further, a surplus power amount 701 further generated from the short-term prediction illustrated in FIG. 5 and an insufficient power amount 702 further generated from the short-term prediction are illustrated. Similarly, the surplus power amount 701 and the insufficient power amount 702 are adjusted by charge / discharge control of the storage battery 121 by the supply and demand management server 100.

  The instruction value calculation unit 314 includes a discharge command value indicating the amount of power to be discharged from each storage battery 121 of the customer group 101 when the estimated total demand power is predicted to exceed the procured power. Calculate the charge / discharge plan. In addition, when the predicted total demand power amount is predicted to be lower than the procured power amount, the instruction value calculation unit 314 calculates a charge command value indicating the power amount for charging each storage battery 121 of the customer group 101. Is calculated.

  The method of eliminating the imbalance by controlling the charge and discharge of the storage battery 121 without relying on the power market is effective in that the cost increase due to the purchase and sale of new power in the spot market does not occur.

  By the way, the example shown in FIG. 6 indicates that even if the adjustment based on the previous day's prediction as shown in FIG. 5 is performed, a surplus or a shortage of power may eventually occur. Even when the charge / discharge control is performed by the storage battery 121, if power surplus or shortage occurs, it is necessary to sell or purchase power in the power market.

  Such a situation is based on how the difference between the procured power amount prepared in advance to cover the demands of the customer groups 101 and 102 and the required power amount estimated again from the latest information is generated. For example, in demand forecasts that are susceptible to weather and temperature, differences from normal weather conditions can cause surpluses and shortages of power. As a more specific example, when the temperature falls below or exceeds a normal level at a level of several days to several weeks, the difference between the amount of procured power and the amount of demand continues for several days to several weeks. For this reason, surplus power or shortage of power continues for several days to several weeks, and the storage battery 121 also falls into an overflow state where charging cannot be performed or a shortage state where power cannot be discharged. In such a state, it becomes difficult to use the function of absorbing imbalance in charge / discharge control. Therefore, it is conceivable to purchase and sell power in the power market in advance so as not to fall into such a situation. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the charge / discharge plan of the storage battery 121 is generated in consideration of the power market.

  As the power market, there are a spot market in which the trading of the next day is performed by the day before and a market one hour before in which the trading of the power is performed one hour before. In the present embodiment, a charge / discharge plan corresponding to these power markets is generated.

  In the present embodiment, the charging / discharging plan of the storage battery 121 is performed in a plurality of stages. First, the procured power amount prepared according to the long-term plan (several months ago to several days ago) and the predicted demand power amount calculated by the demand prediction calculation unit 305 based on the situation (weather, actual demand actual, etc.) up to the previous day There is a first charging / discharging plan performed to eliminate the imbalance between and.

  Next, the imbalance between the procured power amount and the demand prediction power amount one hour ahead calculated by the demand prediction calculation unit 305 with high accuracy based on the latest situation up to the latest one hour before that day is eliminated. There is a second charging / discharging plan to be carried out.

  As described above, the first charge / discharge plan is generated in the spot market in order to sell surplus power that cannot be charged by the storage battery 121 and to purchase insufficient power that cannot be discharged from the storage battery 121. Then, the second charge / discharge plan is generated in the market one hour ago to sell surplus power that cannot be charged by the storage battery 121 and purchase insufficient power that cannot be discharged from the storage battery 121.

  In the present embodiment, by selling the surplus power amount and purchasing the insufficient power amount generated in the charging / discharging plan at the timing of buying and selling of two types of power markets, it is possible to prevent the storage battery 121 from overflowing or becoming insufficient. Can be suppressed. In other words, the state where the storage battery 121 can always be charged and discharged can be maintained.

  The supply and demand management unit 301 of the present embodiment predicts a change in the daily charge amount (SoC) of the storage battery 121 based on the generated first charge / discharge plan. Then, a trading plan based on the overflow or shortage generated in the storage battery 121 is generated by 10:00 of the previous day, and a request for trading of power according to the trading plan is transmitted to the spot market at 10:00 of the previous day. Note that the trading plan is data in which the amount of power to be purchased or sold for each unit time of one day tomorrow is associated.

  When power is used in the customer groups 101 and 102 in accordance with the predicted power demand calculated before the first charge / discharge plan, it is possible to prevent the storage battery 121 from overflowing or becoming insufficient. However, if power is not used in the customer groups 101 and 102 according to the predicted power demand due to temperature or some other reason, the storage battery 121 may overflow or become in a shortage state. In such a case, the second charge / discharge plan becomes effective.

  The supply and demand management unit 301 of the present embodiment predicts a change in the amount of charge (SoC) of the storage battery 121 based on the second charge / discharge plan, and finds that there is a possibility of overflow / insufficient state after one hour. If it is determined, the power is adjusted in the market one hour before.

  That is, in the case where the storage battery 121 is provided as in the consumer group 101, the power adjustment based on the power market for the overflow or shortage state of the storage battery 121 may be performed in the above-described processing. On the other hand, for the customer group 102 in which the storage battery 121 is not provided, the predicted imbalance itself is adjusted in the power market. In other words, when the storage battery 121 is not provided, if the amount of power prepared in advance is insufficient, the power from the power market is purchased at the insufficient timing, and if the amount of power supplied in advance becomes excessive, the timing when the excess occurs Need to sell electricity to the electricity market.

  On the other hand, by providing the storage battery 121 in the consumer group 101, surplus or shortage of imbalance can be suppressed by charge / discharge control of the storage battery 121. Then, only when the storage battery 121 overflows or becomes in a shortage state, by performing adjustment in the power market, the frequency of adjustment in the power market can be suppressed.

  FIG. 7 is a sequence diagram illustrating communication performed between the supply and demand management server 100 of the present embodiment and the first customer 101_1 including the storage battery 121_1. In the example illustrated in FIG. 7, the charge / discharge instruction is performed six times every five minutes during the management time (30 minutes), but the processing performed from 10 minutes to 25 minutes is the same as in other time zones. The description is omitted assuming that the processing is performed.

  First, the demand forecast calculation unit 305 of the supply and demand management server 100 calculates the total demand forecast power of all consumers during the management time (S701).

  Next, the instruction value calculation unit 314 calculates an imbalance that is a difference between the procured power amount and the predicted total demand power amount (S702). Then, charge / discharge control is performed by dividing the calculated imbalance into six times. Each of the six imbalances is referred to as a divided imbalance.

  The instruction value calculation unit 314 calculates a first (0 to 5 minutes) charge / discharge instruction value for each of the customer groups 101 including the storage batteries 121 based on the first divided imbalance among the imbalances. It is calculated (S703).

  The transmission processing unit 317 transmits the first (0 to 5 minutes) charge / discharge instruction value to each of the customer groups 101 (including the first customer 101_1) (S711).

  The first customer 101_1 performs charge / discharge control according to the first charge / discharge instruction value (S712). Then, the first customer 101_1 transmits a notification message including charge amount information as a result of charge and discharge, and power consumption amount information used by the load 204 and the like (S713). Note that the processes of S712 to S713 are also performed by other customers of the customer group 101. Accordingly, the instruction value calculation unit 314 of the supply and demand management server 100 uses the received charge amount information, which is the result of charge / discharge, and the power consumption information, to calculate the amount of power that has not yet reached the charge / discharge instruction value. Can be estimated.

  Then, the instruction value calculation unit 314 performs the second (up to 5 to 10 minutes) charging for each of the customer groups 101 based on the second divided imbalance and the amount of power estimated to be unachieved. A discharge instruction value is calculated (S714).

  Then, the transmission processing unit 317 transmits the second (up to 5 to 10 minutes) charge / discharge instruction values to each of the customer groups 101 (including the first customer 101_1) (S721).

  The first customer 101_1 performs charge / discharge control according to the second charge / discharge instruction value (S722). Then, the first customer 101_1 transmits a notification message including charge amount information as a result of charge / discharge and power consumption amount information used by the load 204 and the like (S723).

  Then, the instruction value calculation unit 314 performs the third (10 to 15 minutes) charge / discharge of each of the customer groups 101 based on the third divided imbalance and the second unachieved power amount. The instruction value is calculated (S724).

  It is assumed that such control is similarly performed from 10 minutes to 25 minutes.

  Then, after 25 minutes have elapsed from the management time, the transmission processing unit 317 transmits the charge / discharge instruction value for the sixth time (from 25 minutes to 30 minutes) to the customer group 101 (including the first customer 101_1). (S761).

  The first customer 101_1 performs charge / discharge control according to the sixth charge / discharge instruction value (S762). Then, the first customer 101_1 transmits a notification message including charge amount information as a result of charge and discharge, and power consumption amount information used by the load 204 and the like (S763).

  By performing the charge / discharge control in units of 5 minutes according to the above-described processing procedure, the accuracy of suppressing imbalance can be improved. As a result, waste of procured power and liquidation of new power can be suppressed.

  By the way, when the supply and demand management server 100 issues a charge / discharge instruction to each storage battery 121, for example, it instructs a consumer equipped with the storage battery 121 with a small free capacity to charge a power larger than the capacity or a demand with a small power consumption. When charging is instructed to the house, there is a case where discharging corresponding to the amount of power instructed to charge cannot be performed.

  As a result, when the storage battery 121 of the consumer who consumes a large amount of power is not charged, if the discharge amount corresponding to the discharge instruction cannot be discharged, the discharge instruction is not reached, and the imbalance is eliminated. For this reason, a method for compensating for the excess or deficiency of the power generated in the storage battery 121 is required.

  The charging / discharging of all the storage batteries 121 of the first consumer group 101 according to the first charging / discharging plan includes the amount of power procured according to the long-term plan (for example, several days to several months ago) and the short-term predicted immediately before the previous day. This is performed in order to eliminate imbalance between the amount of power and the demand. Therefore, when the power amount becomes insufficient due to imbalance, the total charge amount of the storage battery 121 decreases due to the discharge from the storage battery 121 of the first consumer group 101. When the amount of power is in a surplus state due to imbalance, the charging amount of the storage battery 121 of the first consumer group 101 increases the total charge amount of the storage battery 121. In the present embodiment, an example is described in which charge / discharge control is performed on all storage batteries 121 of the first consumer group 101 in order to adjust imbalance. In the present embodiment, the total charge amount of the first consumer group 101 is referred to as a total charge amount.

  The shortage / surplus power amount calculation unit 315 includes a charge / discharge plan (first charge / discharge plan and second charge / discharge plan) indicating charge / discharge instruction values for each management time, and a first charge / discharge plan at a start time of the day. When the charge / discharge control of all the storage batteries 121 of the first consumer group 101 is performed based on the SoC (total charge amount) of the storage batteries 121 of the consumer group 101 of the first consumer group 101, the first The time when the SoC (total charge amount) of the storage batteries 121 of the consumer group 101 falls below the lower limit threshold Margin-L (hereinafter, referred to as an insufficiency time), or exceeds the upper limit threshold Margin-U defined as a reference for suppressing charging. Time (hereinafter referred to as surplus time) is calculated.

  In the present embodiment, the upper limit threshold value Margin-U indicates a limit value at which charging is more difficult, and indicates a threshold value at which charging control is suppressed. The lower limit threshold value Margin-L is a limit value at which it is difficult to discharge any more, and indicates a threshold value for suppressing discharge control. As shown in FIG. 8, the upper threshold Margin-U and the lower threshold Margin-L have a small margin. The margin is for absorbing an error due to the state of charge of the storage battery 121 based on the prediction made 10 o'clock before the previous day. As a result, occurrence of an overflow state or a depletion state due to an error can be suppressed.

  In the present embodiment, when the total charge amount of the storage batteries 121 of the first consumer group 101 reaches the upper threshold Margin-U, an overflow state occurs, and the storage battery 121 of the first consumer group 101 reaches the lower threshold Margin-L. An example will be described in which it is assumed that when the total charge amount has reached a depletion state, the processing is performed. However, the method is not limited to the method of providing the upper threshold Margin-U and the lower threshold Margin-L in consideration of the margin, and the margin may be set to “0”.

  Further, when the total charge amount of the storage battery 121 is lower than the lower threshold Margin-L, the shortage / excess power amount calculation unit 315 calculates the shortage by subtracting the electric power discharged to the lower threshold Margin-L from the discharge instruction value. The power shortage at the time is calculated. In addition, when the total charge amount of the storage battery 121 exceeds the upper threshold Margin-U, the shortage / excess power amount calculation unit 315 calculates the surplus by subtracting the electric power charged up to the upper threshold Margin-U from the charge instruction value. The surplus power amount at the time is calculated.

  FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a change in the total charge amount of the storage batteries 121 of the first consumer group 101, and an insufficient power amount and a surplus power amount. In the example shown in FIG. 8, the horizontal axis indicates time, and charge / discharge control is performed in units of 30 minutes, which is a management time. In other words, 48 frames represent time from 0:00 to 24:00. In other words, in the present embodiment, the time can be represented by the number of frames.

  In the example illustrated in FIG. 8, in the graph 810, at the start time 0 frame, the change in the charge amount of the storage battery 121 is started from the total charge amount Bstart acquired by the charge amount acquisition unit 313. The total charge amount Bstart is calculated by the charge amount acquisition unit 313 according to the charge / discharge plan from 10 o'clock before the day before the spot market is closed for one day today according to the charge / discharge plan of the previous day, and the total charge of the storage batteries 121 of the first consumer group 101. Indicates the amount.

  In the example illustrated in FIG. 8, the total charge amount of the storage battery 121 changes according to the charge / discharge plan (charge / discharge instruction value for each management time) calculated by the instruction value calculation unit 314. In the example illustrated in FIG. 8, the discharge control of the storage battery 121 is continuously performed due to the shortage of the imbalance, so that the total charge amount of the storage battery 121 is lower than the lower limit in 24 to 27 frames (insufficient time). Assume that the threshold Margin-L is reached.

  Thus, the shortage / surplus power amount calculation unit 315 calculates the shortage power amount 811 by subtracting the power amount discharged to the lower threshold Margin-L from the charge / discharge instruction value. In the present embodiment, the calculation of the power shortage is performed in management time units (for example, 24, 25, 26, and 27 frames).

  In the example illustrated in FIG. 8, since the charge control of the storage battery 121 is continuously performed due to the continued imbalance, the total charge amount of the storage battery 121 becomes the upper limit in 38 to 40 frames (surplus time). Reach threshold Margin-U.

  Therefore, the shortage / surplus power calculation unit 315 calculates the surplus power 812 by subtracting the power charged up to the upper threshold Margin-U from the charge / discharge instruction value. In the present embodiment, the calculation of the surplus power is performed in management time units (for example, 38, 39, and 40 frames).

  When the charge amount of the storage battery 121 reaches the lower threshold Margin-L, the insufficient power is purchased from an external power market, and when the charge amount of the storage battery 121 reaches the upper threshold Margin-U, the surplus power is converted to the external power. Adjustments to sell to the market will be required. By performing the adjustment, the storage battery 121 can be maintained in a chargeable / dischargeable state without waste.

  In the example shown in FIG. 8, in each time of the time zone 811 (24, 25, 26, and 27 frames (each of which is referred to as a shortage time)) in which the shortage occurs, the shortage amounts 3, 4, 3, and 2 are stored in the power market. It is conceivable to sell the surplus power amounts 2, 3, and 3 to the power market at each time of the time zone 812 (38, 39, 40 frames (each of which is a surplus time)) in which surplus power is generated. Next, a specific surplus time or shortage time, and a method of calculating the surplus power amount and the shortage power amount will be described.

When the management time is expressed in units of 30 minutes and t = 0 to 47, the imbalance I (t) can be expressed by the following equation (1). It is assumed that the procured power amount per unit time P (t) and the predicted demand power amount per unit time C (t).
I (t) = P (t) -C (t) (1)

  Then, the graph 801 shown in FIG. 8 is derived by the instruction value calculation unit 314 and the shortage / surplus power amount calculation unit 315 according to the following algorithm. Note that the variable EOF indicates a surplus power amount or an insufficient power amount. Furthermore, the total charge amount B (t) of the storage battery 121 is shown.

B (0) = Bstart + I (0) / * Bstart: Initial state (0 frames) charge * /
for (t = 1; t <47; t ++) / * Loop for 47 frames * /
｛
B (t) = B (t-1) + I (t);
if (B (t)> Margin-U) / * If greater than Margin-U * /
｛
EOF (t) = B (t)-Margin-U; / * Calculation of surplus power of t frames * /
B (t) = Margin-U;
｝
else if (B (t) <Margin-L) / * If smaller than Margin-L * /
｛
EOF (t) = B (t)-Margin-L; / * Calculation of the energy shortage for t frames * /
B (t) = Margin-L;
｝
else
｛
EOF (t) = 0;
｝
｝

  Then, the shortage / surplus power amount calculation unit 315 specifies a unit time t where the variable EOF (t)> 0 as a time at which surplus power occurs. Further, the shortage / excess power amount calculation unit 315 specifies a unit time t where EOF (t) <0 as a time (insufficient time) at which the insufficient power amount occurs.

  By the way, when trading is performed at a timing when shortage or surplus occurs, such as shortage time or surplus time, the storage battery 121 after trading is operated with a total charge amount close to the lower threshold Margin-L or the upper threshold Margin-U. Will be. For this reason, depending on the prediction error, there is a possibility that the state may be depleted or overflow. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the power is purchased and sold before the timing when the shortage / surplus occurs.

  FIG. 9 is a diagram exemplifying a method of determining a scheduled time to purchase power performed by the time specifying unit 316 of the supply and demand management server 100 according to the present embodiment. In the example shown in FIG. 9, a case will be described in which power is purchased to supplement the insufficient power amount “3” generated in 24 frames (insufficient time) and the insufficient power “4” generated in 25 frames (insufficient time). I do. Although the method shown in FIGS. 9 to 11 describes an example in which power is purchased to adjust the amount of insufficient power, the same method is used in an example in which power is sold to adjust surplus power. Therefore, the description is omitted.

  In the example illustrated in FIG. 9, for the graph 810 indicating the change in the total charge amount of the storage battery 121, the power amount that compensates for the power shortage that has occurred during the management time is calculated for each management time, and the power amount is scheduled to be purchased. The graphs 911 and 912 generated by adding to the time are shown.

  As shown in a graph 902, a graph 911 shows a case where the power 821 corresponding to the insufficient power amount 921 (power amount '3') generated in 24 frames (insufficient time) is purchased at 0 frames (start time). Is shown. As a result, at 0 frames (start time), the total charge amount Bstart changes to the total charge amount Bstart1. The total charge amount Bstart1 is increased by the power amount ‘3’ from the total charge amount Bstart. As a result, it is possible to prevent shortage of power discharged in 24 frames. Further, the state of decrease in the total charge amount that occurred in 11 frames or 17 frames can be improved.

  In the example illustrated in FIG. 9, it is assumed that power is purchased in a spot market where power can be bought and sold until 10:00 of the previous day. For this reason, it is possible to buy and sell power at an arbitrary timing from 0 frames to 48 frames, but the insufficient power amount 921 in 24 frames can be compensated for from 0 to 24 frames (0:00 to 12:00). Limited. Thus, in the example shown in FIG. 9, the power 821 is purchased for 0 frames.

  As shown in the graph 903, the graph 912 purchases power 822 for 0 frames and purchases power 823 for 8 frames as power corresponding to the insufficient power amount 922 (power amount '4') generated in 25 frames. Then, the case where the power 824 is purchased for nine frames is shown. As a result, at 0 frames (start time), the total charge amount Bstart1 changes to the total charge amount Bstart2.

  Only 25 to 25 frames can compensate for the power shortage 922 in 25 frames. Therefore, in the example illustrated in FIG. 9, the supply and demand management server 100 performs control for purchasing power 822 at 0 frames (start time), purchasing power 823 at 8 frames, and purchasing power 824 at 9 frames. went.

  The upper threshold value Limit-U and the lower threshold value Limit-L are threshold values that are determined so that the total amount of charge that changes when power is purchased or sold does not exceed. As shown in FIG. 9, a lower threshold value Limit-L is provided above the lower threshold value Margin-L, and an upper threshold value Limit-U is provided below the upper threshold value Margin-U.

  The supply-and-demand management server 100 of the present embodiment purchases or sells power so that the graph indicating the change in the total charge does not exceed the range indicated by the upper threshold Limit-U and the lower threshold Limit-L. And Accordingly, it is possible to prevent the storage battery 121 from overflowing or becoming insufficient due to the purchase or sale of electric power. In the present embodiment, an example in which the upper threshold value Limit-U and the lower threshold value Limit-L are different from the lower threshold value Margin-L or the upper threshold value Margin-U has been described.

  In other words, when compensating for the insufficient power amount 922 in 25 frames, if all the power amounts '4' (corresponding to the insufficient power amount 922) are purchased in 0 frames, the graph showing the change in the total charged amount becomes the upper limit threshold in 7 frames. It will exceed Limit-U.

  Therefore, the time specifying unit 316 of the supply and demand management server 100 of the present embodiment determines that the planned purchase time of the electric energy '2' is 0 frames, the planned purchase time of the electric energy '1' (electric power 823) is 8 frames, and the electric energy '1'. Nine frames were scheduled for purchase of (power 824). That is, the time specifying unit 316 controls to purchase the electric energy “2” after seven frames. Thereby, the possibility that surplus power is generated in storage battery 121 can be reduced.

  As described above, in the present embodiment, it is possible to purchase power at an optimal timing, and thus it is possible to prevent an overflow state from occurring due to the purchase of insufficient power. Similarly, since it is possible to sell the electric power at the optimal timing, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of the shortage state due to the sale of the surplus electric power.

  That is, when the shortage time that is less than the lower threshold Margin-L is calculated, the time specifying unit 316 determines that the time is earlier than the shortage time and that the power shortage is purchased at that time. From the time until the shortage time), the purchase time that does not exceed the upper limit threshold Limit-U set as the upper limit of the storage amount of the storage battery 121 is specified. In addition, when a surplus time exceeding the upper threshold Margin-L is calculated, the time specifying unit 316 determines that the surplus power amount is sold at the time before the surplus time and the surplus power amount is sold at the time. From the time until the surplus time), the scheduled sale time that does not fall below the lower limit threshold Limit-L set as the lower limit of the storage amount of the storage battery 121 is specified. Further, the present embodiment considers a lower limit reference value Risk_L and an upper limit reference value Risk_U.

  Further, the lower limit reference value Risk_L and the upper limit reference value Risk_U are values determined as criteria for determining whether or not the total charge amount of the storage battery 121 is a risk.

  That is, when specifying the planned purchase time, the time specifying unit 316 determines whether the storage battery 121 that has fallen below the lower-limit reference value Risk_L during the period from the planned purchase time to the shortage time when the shortage of energy is purchased at the planned purchase time. The estimated purchase time is specified based on the total charge amount. Note that the lower reference value Risk_L is a value larger than the lower threshold value Margin-L and smaller than the upper threshold value Limit-U.

  In addition, when specifying the planned selling time, the time specifying unit 316 determines whether the total amount of the storage batteries 121 that exceed the upper limit reference value Risk_U during the period from the planned selling time to the surplus time when the surplus power amount is sold at the planned selling time. The estimated selling time is specified based on the charge amount. Note that the upper reference value Risk_U is a value smaller than the upper threshold value Margin-U and larger than the lower threshold value Limit-L. The specific specifying method will be described later.

  Then, the time specifying unit 316 of the supply and demand management server 100 specifies the estimated purchase time based on the above-described processing, so that the change in the total charge amount of the storage battery 121 is shown in a graph 912. In 10 to 12 frames and 16 to 18 frames, in the graph 810, the total charge amount of the storage battery 121 was lower than the lower limit reference value Risk_L, but in the graph 912, the total charge amount of the storage battery 121 became larger than the lower limit reference value Risk_L. ing. Therefore, the risk that the total charge amount of the storage battery 121 may be insufficient can be suppressed. The time specifying unit 316 of the present embodiment specifies the planned purchase time and the planned sale time in consideration of the risk.

  Next, a method of specifying the scheduled purchase time will be described. FIG. 10 is a diagram exemplifying a settable range of the estimated purchase time. In the example illustrated in FIG. 10, the power amount 1003 indicates an insufficient power amount predicted to occur when the discharge is suppressed by the lower threshold Margin_L in 24 frames.

  By purchasing before 24 frames as shown in FIG. 9, the shortage of the amount of electric power discharged in 24 frames can be solved. Further, the power shortage that does not fall below the lower limit threshold value Margin_L but falls below the lower limit reference value Risk_L before 24 frames can be resolved.

  The arrow group 1002 indicates the amount of power that can be charged before 24 frames (0 to 24 frames in the example shown in FIG. 10). The chargeable power amount is the power amount that can be discharged in 24 frames when charging is performed, and the power amount that does not cause the storage battery 121 to exceed the upper limit threshold Limit-U in a time before 24 frames. And

  A method for specifying the arrow group 1002 will be described. The time specifying unit 316 of the present embodiment specifies the amount of power that can be charged in units of management time so as to go back to 0 frames starting from 24 frames where charging power shortage has occurred and not exceed the upper limit threshold Limit-U. To go.

  First, a time Te at which the shortage occurs (also referred to as a shortage time Te) is defined as an insufficient power amount x. Further, the amount of power A (t) that can be charged (adjusted) for each management time is set. Then, the time specifying unit 316 of the present embodiment calculates the chargeable electric energy A (t) at the shortage time Te from Expression (2).

A (Te) = upper limit threshold Limit-U + insufficient power amount x (2)

  After that, the time specifying unit 316 of the present embodiment repeatedly performs the following algorithm while decreasing t by “1” from t = Te to 0 to manage the data before the shortage time Te (including the shortage time Te). The power amount A (t) that can be charged (adjusted) for each time is calculated. It is assumed that the total charge amount B (t) of the storage battery 121 is predicted for each management time.

A (Te) = Limit-U + x;
for (t = Te-1; t> = 0; t--) / * Calculate sequentially from t = Te-1 to 0 * /
｛
A (t) = Limit-U-B (t);
if (A (t)> A (t + 1))
｛
A (t) = A (t + 1);
｝
｝

  As a result, the time specifying unit 316 can specify the chargeable power amount A (t) that becomes smaller as approaching 0 frames (start time), as indicated by the line 1001.

  FIG. 11 illustrates the chargeable (adjustable) power amount A (t) specified by the time specifying unit 316 and the time zone w (i) (i = 1 to 5) set for each chargeable power amount. FIG.

  A graph 1101 in FIG. 11 shows the amount of power A (t) that can be charged (adjusted) for each management time, calculated by the method shown in FIG. As shown in the graph 1101, as the time approaches time Te (24) from time 0, the electric energy A (t) that can be charged (adjusted) is stepwise as {a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6}. To increase.

  The graph 1102 shows the time zone associated with each of the chargeable (adjustable) power amounts {a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6}. In other words, the electric energy a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6 can be charged in the associated time zone {w1, w2, w3, w4, w5, Te}. In the present embodiment, a chargeable time zone is determined according to the insufficient power amount x.

  Specifically, if the power shortage x is the power amount 0 to a1, it is possible to charge (purchase) in the time zone w1 (0 frames to Te). In the case of the electric energy a2> the insufficient electric energy x> the electric energy a1, the electric energy a1 can be charged in the time slot w1, and the remaining electric energy x-a1 is charged (purchased) in the time slot w2 (8 frames to Te). It becomes possible.

  When the power amount a3> the insufficient power amount x> the power amount a2, the power amount a1 can be charged in the time zone w1, the power amount a2-a1 can be charged in the time zone w2, and the remaining power amount x-a2. Can be charged (purchased) in the time zone w3 (9 frames to Te).

  Similarly, when the electric energy a4> the insufficient electric energy x> the electric energy a3, the electric energy a1 can be charged in the time slot w1, the electric energy a2-a1 can be charged in the time slot w2, and the electric energy a2 in the time slot w3. The electric energy a3-a2 can be charged, and the remaining electric energy x-a3 can be charged (purchased) in the time zone w4 (22 frames to Te).

  Similarly, when the electric energy a5> the insufficient electric energy x> the electric energy a4, the electric energy a1 can be charged in the time slot w1, the electric energy a2-a1 can be charged in the time slot w2, and the electric energy a2 in the time slot w3. The electric energy a3-a2 can be charged, the electric energy a4-a3 can be charged in the time slot w4, and the remaining electric energy x-a4 can be charged (purchased) in the time slot w5 (23 frames to Te). Become.

  Similarly, when the electric energy a6> the insufficient electric energy x> the electric energy a5, the electric energy a1 can be charged in the time slot w1, the electric energy a2-a1 can be charged in the time slot w2, and the electric energy a2 in the time slot w3. The electric energy a3-a2 can be charged, the electric energy a4-a3 can be charged in the time slot w4, the electric energy a5-a4 can be charged in the time slot w5, and the remaining electric energy x-a5 is insufficient. At time Te, charging (purchasing) becomes possible.

  Thereafter, the time specifying unit 316 specifies, for each time period (w (i)), a planned purchase time (procurement timing) within the time period.

  For example, in the case of the electric energy a3> the insufficient electric energy x> the electric energy a2, the time specifying unit 316 purchases the electric energy in the time slot w1 (the procured electric energy P = a1). Identify the scheduled time. The time specifying unit 316 specifies the planned purchase time within the time slot w2 (for example, the purchased power amount P = a2-a1) in the time slot w2. The time specifying unit 316 specifies the planned purchase time within the time slot w3 in order to purchase the electric power within the time slot w3 (the procured power amount P = x−a2). Note that the same processing is performed in cases other than the power amount a3> the insufficient power amount x> the power amount a2, and a description thereof will be omitted.

  When there are a plurality of shortage times, the time specifying unit 316 repeats the above-described method of specifying the planned purchase time by the number of the shortage times. At that time, when the time specifying unit 316 specifies the planned purchase time for one shortage time, the shortage of power is added to the storage battery 121 at the planned purchase time, and then the purchase planned time is specified for the next insufficient power amount. Do.

  Also, in the above-described example, the case where insufficient power has occurred has been described. However, even in the case where excess power has occurred, by performing the same processing as the above-described method, the time specifying unit 316 sets the sales schedule for each power amount. The time can be specified.

  The transmission processing unit 317 transmits a purchase request for the procured power amount to the power market server 180 by associating the procured power amount (insufficient power amount) with the scheduled purchase time of the procured power amount. In addition, a request for selling the procured power amount is transmitted to the power market server 180 by associating the procured power amount (surplus power amount) with the scheduled sale time of the surplus power amount.

  In addition, the transmission processing unit 317 transmits a purchase request and a sale request for each power market opened by the power market server 180. For example, the transmission processing unit 317 transmits a purchase request or a sale request while a spot market is open on the power market server 180 on the day before the day on which power is traded. Thereafter, the transmission processing unit 317 transmits a purchase request or a sale request while the market is open one hour before the power trading target one hour before in the power market server 180.

  From the above-described configuration, it is possible to predict the surplus power due to the overflow state of the storage battery 121 and the shortage power due to the depletion state of the storage battery 121 from the prediction of the change in the total charge amount predicted from the demand prediction, and specify an appropriate trading timing. .

  Next, overall processing in the supply and demand management server 100 of the present embodiment will be described. FIG. 12 is a flowchart illustrating a procedure of the above-described processing in the supply and demand management server 100 of the present embodiment. In the flowchart, an example of purchasing and selling power in a spot market that is open until 10:00 of the previous day will be described, but the present invention can also be applied to an hour before market and the like.

  First, the demand forecasting calculation unit 305 calculates the demand forecasting electric energy in units of 30 minutes (management time) per day for each of the customers in the customer groups 101 and 102 (S1201). Note that the method of calculating the predicted power amount is not limited to the method of calculating the predicted power amount for each customer, and may be calculated from the past total demand results. As described above, the present embodiment does not limit the calculation method of the demand predicted power amount.

  Any method can be used to calculate the demand forecast power amount. For example, a regression analysis method using the latest demand results such as the previous day and two days before and the weather forecast (weather / temperature) information of the next day is used. It can be used. In the calculation method of the demand forecast electric energy, the registration deadline to the spot market is 10:00 the day before. Therefore, information up to 9:30 on the previous day is used as the actual demand that can be used for the prediction of the next day.

  Next, the purchased electric energy acquisition unit 312 obtains, from the purchase data storage unit 308, the amount of electric power procured from the electric power market based on a long-term plan for supply to the total consumer group for 30 minutes (management time). It is acquired in units (S1202).

  The instruction value calculation unit 314 calculates the power imbalance in units of 30 minutes (management time) based on the predicted power demand and the procured power (S1203). That is, 48 imbalances are generated for 24 hours a day.

  The instruction value calculation unit 314 generates a charge / discharge plan indicating charge / discharge instruction values for each of the storage batteries 121 in units of 30 minutes based on the calculated imbalance (S1204).

  The charge amount acquisition unit 313 acquires the (predicted) total charge amount of the storage batteries 121 of the first consumer group 101 at the start time of one day tomorrow (S1205).

  In the present embodiment, the start time is 0:00 am (0 frames) tomorrow. Then, the charge amount acquisition unit 313 acquires the (predicted) total charge amount of the storage batteries 121 of the first consumer group 101 at midnight tomorrow. The charge amount of the storage battery 121 is calculated by the demand prediction calculation unit 305 by performing a demand prediction from 10:00 a.m. the previous day to 00:00 tomorrow based on the actual power storage amount at 9:30 the previous day. (Estimated) total charge amount can be derived.

  The shortage / surplus power amount calculation unit 315 calculates the (estimated) total charge amount of the storage battery 121 that changes for each unit time based on the (predicted) total charge amount for each storage battery 121 at the start time and the charge / discharge plan. (S1206).

  Thereafter, the shortage / excess power amount calculation unit 315 sets the unit time t = “0” frame as an initial value (S1207).

  Next, the shortage / excess power amount calculation unit 315 determines whether or not the unit time t> 47 (the number of frames) (S1208). When it is determined that the unit time t is not greater than 47 (S1208: No), the shortage / excess power amount calculation unit 315 has exceeded the upper limit threshold Margin-U at the unit time t, that is, generates excess power. It is determined whether or not it is predicted (S1209). When it is determined that the value exceeds the upper threshold Margin-U (S1209: Yes), the time specifying unit 316 specifies the planned selling time and the amount of power to be sold in the power market (S1210).

  On the other hand, if it is determined that the total charge amount at the unit time t does not exceed the upper threshold Margin-U (S1209: No), the shortage / surplus power amount calculation unit 315 determines that the total charge amount at the unit time t is equal to the lower threshold value. It is determined whether or not it is predicted to be lower than Margin-L, that is, to generate insufficient power (S1211). When it is determined that the value is lower than the lower threshold Margin-L (S1211: Yes), the time specifying unit 316 specifies a planned purchase time and an amount of power to purchase in the power market (S1212).

  When it is determined that the value does not fall below the lower threshold Margin-L (S1211: No), and after the process of S1212, the shortage / excess power amount calculation unit 315 increases “1” at the unit time t (S1213). The processing is performed again from S1208.

  When the shortage / excess power amount calculation unit 315 determines that the unit time t> 47 (S1208: Yes), the transmission processing unit 317 purchases or sells the power amount and the scheduled purchase time of the power amount. Alternatively, a request for registration of power purchase and sale is transmitted to the power market server 180 in association with the planned sale time (S1214).

  Next, the process of specifying the scheduled purchase time and the amount of power to purchase in the power market shown in S1212 of FIG. 12 will be described. FIG. 13 is a flowchart illustrating a procedure of the above-described processing in the supply and demand management unit 301 of the present embodiment. In the process illustrated in FIG. 13, the time specifying unit 316 obtains the unit time t at which the total charge amount is determined to be lower than the lower threshold Margin-L as the shortage time Te, and obtains the insufficient power amount x.

  The process shown in FIG. 13 is a method for specifying the estimated purchase time and the amount of power to be purchased in the power market, and the same method is used for specifying the estimated time to sell and the amount of power to be sold in the power market in the same manner. The description is omitted.

  The time specifying unit 316 of the embodiment calculates the adjustable power amount A (t) per 30 minutes (unit time) from the start time of the day to the shortage time Te (S1301). It is assumed that time t = 0 to Te. As described above, the adjustable power amount A (t) is the power amount adjusted so that the total charge amount of the storage battery 121 does not exceed the upper limit Limit-U when charging is performed before the shortage time Te. And

  Next, the time specifying unit 316 determines the chargeable electric energy (for example, a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6) based on the adjustable electric energy A (t). A list of time periods (for example, w1, w2, w3, w4, and w5 described above) in which can be charged is calculated (S1302). In this flowchart, variables corresponding to a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, and a6 are defined as a (i), and variables corresponding to w1, w2, w3, w4, w5, and w6 are defined as w (i). Note that w6 corresponds to the shortage time Te. Further, the constant n is the number of time zones determined according to the charging status. In the example shown in FIG. 11, n = 6.

  The time specifying unit 316 sets an initial value ‘1’ to the variable i (S1303). Next, the time specifying unit 316 determines whether or not the variable i> n (S1304). Note that the numerical value n is the number of time zones.

  When determining that the variable i is not i> n (S1304: No), the time specifying unit 316 determines whether or not the insufficient power amount x> a (i) (S1305).

  When determining that the insufficient power amount x> a (i) is satisfied (S1305: Yes), the time specifying unit 316 calculates the procured power amount P = a (i) -a (i-1) (S1306). Note that a (0) is ‘0’.

  Then, the time specifying unit 316 specifies the planned purchase time of the procured electric energy P from the time slot w (i) (S1307). Any method may be used as a method of specifying the scheduled purchase time of the procured electric energy P from the time zone w (i), but the time specifying unit 316 of the present embodiment exceeds the upper limit reference value Risk_U. The planned purchase time of the procured power amount P is specified so that the power amount and the power amount below the lower-limit reference value Risk_L are minimized.

  Then, the time specifying unit 316 of the present embodiment adds the calculated procured power amount P to the total charged amount of the storage battery 121 at the specified planned purchase time, and calculates the total amount from the planned purchase time to the shortage time Te. Recalculate the charge amount.

  Then, the time specifying unit 316 increases the variable i by “1” (S1308), and performs the processing again from S1304.

  When the time specifying unit 316 determines that the variable i> n is satisfied (S1304: Yes), and when it is determined that the power shortage is not x> a (i) (S1305: No), the procured power amount P = X-a (i-1) is calculated (S1309). After that, the time specifying unit 316 specifies a planned purchase time of the procured electric energy P from the time slot w (i) (S1310).

  According to the above-described processing procedure, the time specifying unit 316 specifies the planned purchase time of the procured electric energy P. In addition, the time specifying unit 316 of the present embodiment, when specifying the planned purchase time of the procured power amount P, has a risk (hereinafter, referred to as a shortage risk Re) due to falling below the lower limit reference value Risk_L, and an upper limit reference value. A risk due to exceeding Risk_U (hereinafter referred to as overflow risk Rf) is considered.

  For example, the time specifying unit 316 calculates the shortage risk Re and the overflow risk Rf by the following method.

  The time specifying unit 316 calculates the shortage risk Re and the overflow risk Rf when the management time s is set as the scheduled purchase time every 30 minutes (management time) for the time period w (i).

  The overflow risk Rf for each management time s in the time zone w (i) is obtained by calculating the graph B ′ (t) showing the change in the total charge amount when the power is purchased at the management time s, and the upper limit reference value Risk_U. , And the sum of Rf (t) calculated by the following algorithm. Note that t = s to Te.

Rf (t) = B '(t) − Risk-U; / * Calculate the value that exceeds the upper reference value Risk-U for each hour as the risk evaluation value * /
if (Rf (t) <0)
｛
Rf (t) = 0;
｝

  Similarly, the shortage risk Re per the management time s in the time zone w (i) is calculated from the graph B ′ (t) showing the change in the total charge amount when the power is purchased at the management time s, and the lower limit reference value. Let_L is the total value of Re (t) calculated by the following algorithm using Risk_L.

Re (t) = Risk-L-B '(t); / * Calculate the value below the lower reference value Risk-L for each hour as the risk evaluation value * /
if (Re (t) <0)
｛
Re (t) = 0;
｝

  Then, the time specifying unit 316 specifies the management time s having the smallest total value of the shortage risk Re and the overflow risk Rf as the planned purchase time. By performing this process for each time slot w (i), it is possible to specify a highly-secured scheduled purchase time in the state of charge of the storage battery 121.

  Note that the method of specifying the scheduled sale time and the amount of power to be sold in the power market shown in S1210 of FIG. 12 is also omitted as the processing procedure shown in FIG.

(Second embodiment)
In the first embodiment, an example has been described in which the scheduled purchase time and the scheduled sale time are specified according to the amount of power exceeding the upper reference value Risk_U and the lower reference value Risk_L from the time zone. However, the present invention is not limited to the method of determining the estimated purchase time and the estimated sale time only by the risk of the state of charge. Therefore, in the second embodiment, a method of determining the estimated purchase time and the estimated sale time in consideration of the market price of the power market will be described.

  FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of the supply and demand management server 1400 according to the second embodiment. The supply and demand management server 1400 is different from the supply and demand management server 100 of the first embodiment in that a cost data storage unit 1402 is added and the supply and demand management unit 301 is different from the supply and demand management unit 301 in the configuration. . Note that the same components are assigned the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted.

  The cost data storage unit 1402 stores trend data of the selling price of the power market. FIG. 15 is a diagram exemplifying trend data of the trading price in the power market. In the example shown in FIG. 15, the horizontal axis represents time, and the vertical axis represents the power price at the time. As shown in FIG. 15, the price fluctuates according to time. The trend data Cost (t) 1501 of the selling price of the electric power market needs to be predicted because of the selling price of tomorrow. As the prediction method, any method such as a regression analysis method or a method of calculating a temperature or a specific day may be used.

  When purchasing power, it is desirable to purchase at a time when the power is low, and when selling power, it is desirable to sell at a time when the power is high. Thus, an example will be described in which the time specifying unit 1421 of the supply and demand management unit 1401 of the present embodiment specifies the estimated purchase time in consideration of the trading price in the power market in addition to the risk of the state of charge.

  The time specifying unit 1421 performs the purchase at the predicted purchase time t based on the shortage risk Re and the overflow risk Rf shown in the first embodiment and the trend data Cost (t) of the selling price of the power market. The effect degree Effect (t) is calculated. Effect (t) shown below is the degree of effectiveness when the power shortage is purchased at the scheduled purchase time t, and is calculated from the following equation (3).

Effect (t) = Σf (Re (j), Cost (j)) (j = t to Te)… (3)

  For each time slot w (i), the time specifying unit 1421 of the present embodiment calculates the effect degree Effect (t) every 30 minutes in the time slot w (i).

  Thus, the effect degree Effect (t) uses information from the scheduled purchase time t to the shortage time Te because the effect occurs after the scheduled purchase time t.

  For example, in the case of the time slot w1, the effect degree Effect (15) when the scheduled purchase time is 15 frames is Re (15), Re (16), Re (17),..., Re (24), and Cost , Cost (16),..., Cost (24). Note that the shortage time Te = 24.

  In the present embodiment, a risk improvement priority method and a cost priority method will be described. The risk improvement priority method is a method of identifying a predicted purchase time at which the cost is the smallest among the times at which the effect of the risk improvement is greatest. First, as the risk improvement priority method, the effect degree Effect (t ') for each management time t' included in the time slot w (i) is calculated. The time zone w (i) is between the time Tws and the shortage time Te. In the present embodiment, the following algorithm is used. Note that the calculation method of the shortage risk Re (t) is the same as in the first embodiment.

for (t '= Tws; t'<=Te; t '++) ｛
R (t ') = sum [k = t' ~ Te] Re (k); / * (t '= Tws ~ Te) * /
/ * R (t ') = Re (t') + Re (t '+ 1) + ... + Re (Te-1) + Re (Te) calculation * /
/ * R (t '): shortage risk up to shortage time Te when purchasing at scheduled purchase time t' * /
｝
Rmin = Minimum ｛R (t ')｝;(t' = Tws〜Te)
/ * Identify lowest risk in time slot w (i) * /
for (t '= Tws; t'<=Te; t '++) ｛/ * Repeat processing during time slot w (i) * /
if (R (t ') = Rmin) ｛/ * Identify the one with the lowest risk of shortage * /
Effect (t ') = 1 / Cost (t');
/ * Reciprocal so that the smaller the Cost (t '), the higher the Effect value * /
｝
else ｛
Effect (t ') = 0;
｝
｝

  Next, the cost priority method will be described. The cost priority method is a method of specifying a purchase scheduled time at which the effect of risk improvement is greatest from a time at which the cost is minimized. First, as the cost priority method, the effect level Effect (t ') for each management time t' included in the time slot w (i) is calculated. The time zone w (i) is between the time Tws and the shortage time Te. In the present embodiment, the following algorithm is used. Note that the calculation method of the shortage risk Re (t) is the same as in the first embodiment.

for (t '= Tws; t'<=Te; t '++) ｛
R (t ') = sum [i = t' ~ Te] Re (i); / * (t '= Tws ~ Te) * /
/ * Calculation of R (t ') = Re (t') + Re (t '+ 1) + ... + Re (Te-1) + Re (Te) * /
/ * R (t '): shortage risk up to shortage time Te when purchasing at scheduled purchase time t' * /
｝
Cmin = Minimum ｛Cost (t ')｝;(t' = Tws〜Te)
/ * Minimum purchase cost at time t '* /
for (t '= Tws; t'<=Te; t '++) ｛
if (Cost (t ') = Cmin) ｛
Effect (t ') = R (t');
/ * Select large risk improvement effect with minimum purchase cost * /
｝
else ｛
Effect (t ') = 0;
｝
｝

  The time specifying unit 1421 of the present embodiment calculates the degree of effect Effect (t ') for each management time t' by executing the above-described algorithm. Then, the time specifying unit 1421 specifies the management time t 'having the largest effect degree Effect (t') as the planned purchase time. By performing the process for each time slot w (i), the scheduled purchase time of the electric energy can be specified for each time slot w (i).

  Next, the process of specifying the planned purchase / sale time of the time slot w (i) in the time specifying unit 1421 of the present embodiment will be described. FIG. 16 is a flowchart illustrating a procedure of the above-described processing of the time period w (i) in the time identifying unit 1421 of the present embodiment.

  First, the time specifying unit 1421 calculates the shortage risk Re or the overflow risk Rf for each management time (S1601). Next, the time specifying unit 1421 acquires the trend data of the selling price of the power market from the cost data storage unit 1402 (S1602).

  Next, the time specifying unit 1421 determines the management time t based on the shortage risk Re or the overflow risk Rf and the trade price trend data Cost (t) for each management time included in the target time zone. ', The degree of effect Effect (t') when the power is sold or purchased is calculated (S1603). As a method of calculating the degree of effect, either of the risk improvement priority method and the cost priority method may be used.

  Next, the time specifying unit 1421 specifies the largest effect degree among the calculated effect degrees Effect (t ') (S1604).

  Then, the time specifying unit 1421 specifies the management time at which the highest degree of effect Effect (t ') is calculated as the planned purchase time or the planned sale time (S1605).

  Thereby, the most appropriate scheduled purchase time or scheduled sale time according to the method is specified. Note that the specified planned purchase time or sale time is not one, and if the degree of effectiveness matches, a plurality of planned purchase times or sale time (for example, t ′ = Tmax1, Tmax2, Tmax3,..., Tmax ( i),..., Tmax (n ′)) are specified. Note that the total number n ′ is the total number of the specified planned purchase time or planned sale time.

  Any method may be used as a method of specifying the planned purchase time or the planned sale time at which actual procurement is to be performed from a plurality of planned purchase times or planned sale times, but in the present embodiment, three methods are used. Will be described.

  As a first method, procurement is made evenly for a plurality of specified planned purchase times or planned sell times (for example, Tmax1, Tmax2, Tmax3, ..., Tmax (i), ..., Tmax (n ')). There is a method of allocating the electric energy P.

  In the case of using the first method, the time specifying unit 1421 converts the procured power amount P corresponding to the time zone w (i) into a plurality of specified planned purchase times or planned sell times (for example, Tmax1, Tmax2, Tmax3 ,..., Tmax (i),..., Tmax (n ′)) to calculate the procured power amount (P / n ′) at each scheduled purchase time or scheduled sale time.

  Then, the time specifying unit 1421 adds the calculated procured power amount (P) to the power amount Bu (Tmax (i)) old already set (as a planned purchase or a planned sale) at each planned purchase time or planned sale time. / n ′) is added to calculate the electric energy Bu (Tmax (i)) to be purchased or to be sold at the planned purchase time or the planned sale time (S1606).

  Further, the time specifying unit 1421 adds the cost (P / n ′ * Cost) corresponding to the procured power amount to the purchase or sale cost Co (Tmax (i)) old that has already been set for each planned purchase time or planned sale time. (Tmax (i))) is added to calculate the purchase or sale cost (Co (Tmax (i))) at the planned purchase time or the planned sale time (S1607).

  As a second method, the earliest purchase schedule among a plurality of specified purchase schedule times or sale schedule times (for example, Tmax1, Tmax2, Tmax3, ..., Tmax (i), ..., Tmax (n ')). There is a method of allocating the procured power amount P to a time or a scheduled sale time.

  When the second method is used, the time specifying unit 1421 determines the procured power amount P corresponding to the time slot w (i) by using a plurality of specified planned purchase times or planned sell times (for example, Tmax1, Tmax2, Tmax3,..., Tmax (i),..., Tmax (n ′)).

  Then, the time specifying unit 1421 calculates the calculated procured power to the power amount Bu (Tmax1) old already set (as the planned purchase or sale) at the earliest planned purchase time or planned sale time (for example, Tmax1). The power amount Bu (Tmax1) to be purchased or sold is calculated by adding the amount P (S1606).

  Further, the time specifying unit 1421 adds the cost (P * Cost) corresponding to the procured power amount to the purchase or sale cost Co (Tmax1) old already set at the earliest planned purchase time or planned sale time (for example, Tmax1). (Tmax1)) is added to calculate the purchase or sale cost (Co (Tmax1)) (S1607).

  As a third method, of the plurality of specified planned purchase times or planned sell times (for example, Tmax1, Tmax2, Tmax3,..., Tmax (i),..., Tmax (n ′)), There is a method of allocating the procured power amount P to a time or a scheduled sale time.

  In the case of using the third method, the time specifying unit 1421 determines the procured power amount P corresponding to the time zone w (i) by using a plurality of specified planned purchase times or planned sell times (for example, Tmax1, Tmax2, Tmax3,..., Tmax (i),..., Tmax (n ′)) are assigned to the latest scheduled purchase time or scheduled sale time (eg, Tmax (n ′)).

  Then, the time specifying unit 1421 sets the electric energy Bu (Tmax (n ')) that has already been set (as the purchase or sale schedule) at the latest scheduled purchase or sale time (for example, Tmax (n')). The calculated procured power amount P is added to old to calculate the power amount Bu (Tmax (n ')) to be purchased or sold (S1606).

  Further, the time specifying unit 1421 adds the cost (P * Cost) corresponding to the procured power amount P to the purchase or sale cost Co (Tmax (n ′)) old already set at the latest scheduled purchase time or scheduled sale time. (Tmax (n '))) is added to calculate the purchase or sale cost (Co (Tmax (n'))) (S1607).

  In the present embodiment, any of these three methods may be used. Further, the present embodiment is not limited to these three methods, and another method may be used.

  Then, the time specifying unit 1421 adds the calculated procured power amount (P) to the total charge amount of the storage battery 121, and recalculates the total charge amount (S1608).

  In the present embodiment, for example, the processing of S1601 to S1608 is repeated in the order of time zones w1, w2, w3,..., W6. In this case, as a result of purchasing power in the time period w (i) and changing the total charge amount of the storage battery 121, the process of calculating the effect in the next time period w (i + 1) may change. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the result of the charging / discharging performed in the time zone w (i) is reflected by performing the process of S1608. Thus, in consideration of the procured power purchased in the time slot w (i), it is possible to perform processing such as identification of the planned purchase time or the planned sale time in the next time slot w (i + 1).

  The processing illustrated in FIG. 16 is performed as processing corresponding to S1307 or S1310 in FIG. In other words, the process is to specify the scheduled purchase time in an arbitrary time zone w (i).

  As described above, in the above-described embodiment, the state of the storage battery is predicted from the demand prediction of the next day, and the time at which the power adjustment in the market for the overflow / depletion state of the storage battery 121 is performed is effectively specified. . This reduces the risk of overflow / depletion of the storage battery 121 more stably without reducing the amount of power serving as the margin of the storage battery 121 and increasing the amount of power serving as the margin. 121 can be operated.

  In the above-described embodiment, in the process of predicting the shortage time at which the depletion state will be caused by the lower threshold Margin-L, extracting the shortage of energy at the shortage, and specifying the purchase timing of the shortage, the upper threshold Limit The estimated purchase time was specified using -U, the upper reference value Risk-U, and the lower reference value Risk-L. On the other hand, in the process of predicting the surplus time at which the state overflows with the upper threshold Margin-U, extracting the surplus power at the surplus time, and specifying the selling timing of the surplus power, the lower threshold Limit-L The expected sale time may be specified using the upper reference value Risk-U and the lower reference value Risk-L.

  In the above-described embodiment, a case has been described in which the electric energy for the next 24 hours is purchased and sold in the spot market on the next day. As for the time to purchase and sell the electric energy according to the present embodiment, the earlier time zone can improve the stability. This is because the effect of the change in the total charge amount continues for a longer time when the adjustment is performed in the early time zone than when the adjustment is performed in the late time zone.

  On the other hand, in a late time zone, since the day ends at 24:00, the time during which the change in the total charge amount can be confirmed is short. Therefore, the demand forecast may be made not only tomorrow but also the next day. Thereby, the effect of changing the electric energy in the late time zone can be confirmed as a change in the total charge amount on the day after tomorrow. In this case, instead of performing demand forecasting for 24 hours the next day, demand forecasting for about 6 hours the next day may be performed.

  In the above-described embodiment, an example using the thresholds Margin-U, Margin-L, thresholds Limit-U, Limit-L, reference values Risk-U, and Risk-L has been described. These values are shown as an example and can be adjusted according to the embodiment. For example, Margin and Limit may have the same value, Limit and Risk may have the same value, or all three values may have the same value. Further, the upper threshold Margin-U = the capacity of the storage battery 121 and the lower threshold Margin-L = 0 may be set so that no extra margin is taken.

  Furthermore, when buying and selling electricity, it is generally considered that the price is high when purchased and low when sold. For example, the upper-limit reference value Risk-U and the lower-limit reference value Risk-L are set symmetrically from the center of the charging capacity (for example, SoC 50%) (for example, the upper-limit reference value Risk-U = 80%, the lower-limit reference value Risk-L). = 20%). For example, for a charging capacity of 100%, the upper limit reference value Risk-U is set to 90%, and the lower limit reference value Risk-L is set to 20% with a higher degree of safety than the upper limit reference value Risk-U. May be set.

(Modification 1)
In the above-described embodiment, the method of performing power adjustment (sale, purchase) according to the state of the storage battery 121 based on demand forecast in the day before market (spot market) of power has been described. However, the present invention may be applied to an hourly market newly installed in the power liberalization.

  As described above, in the spot market, it is necessary to register the purchase and sale of power by 10 am the day before. For this reason, the state of the storage battery 121 is determined based on the demand forecast performed 14 hours ago. For this reason, an error may occur in demand prediction depending on a change in temperature on the day or the like. In contrast, the one-hour-before market starts at 17:00 the day before. In the market one hour before, it is possible to buy and sell power in one-half hour from midnight to 24:00 on the following day, which is the target day, until one hour before. Therefore, after the spot market ends at 10:00 on the previous day, it becomes possible to adjust power in the market one hour before from 17:00 on the previous day.

  Also in the case where the power adjustment is performed in the market one hour before, readjustment can be performed in the same manner as in the spot market.

  For example, assuming that the demand prediction is performed again on the power (0-48 frames) of the day when the trading was confirmed in the market on the previous day, the depletion of the storage battery 121 occurs on the 28th frame (14:00). When predicted at 6:00 am (12th frame), it can be purchased between 7:00 am (14th frame) and 14:00 (28th frame) in the market one hour ago. Next, a case where further adjustment is performed in the market one hour ago will be specifically described.

  Next, a description will be given of a procurement process by the power market up to the day in the supply and demand management server 100 of the present modification. FIG. 17 is a flowchart illustrating a procedure of the above-described processing in the supply and demand management server 100 of the present modification. The example shown in FIG. 17 shows an example in which the spot market and the market one hour ago are combined, and control based on more accurate demand prediction is performed.

  First, the supply-and-demand management server 100 adjusts electric power from the market on the previous day (spot market) from 10 days before to 10:00 on the previous day (S1701). Regarding the power adjustment method, the method described in the above-described embodiment is used for each of S1701 to S1704, and the description is omitted.

  In the spot market, the adjustment of the electric energy is performed until 10:00 of the previous day. Naturally, in the spot market, it is preferable to adjust the electric energy based on the demand forecast with high accuracy. Therefore, the supply and demand management server 100 of the present modification performs power adjustment immediately before 10:00 of the previous day.

  After the market on the previous day ends at 10:00 on the previous day, the market one hour ago is started from 17:00 on the previous day. Therefore, the demand-supply management server 100 sets the market one hour before (management time t ′ = 1 to 47 (frame)) from 17:00 the previous day to 23:00 the previous day in order to eliminate the deviation of the demand forecast made after the previous day's market. ) To adjust the power (S1702).

  In the market one hour ago, power can be bought and sold one hour before, so power adjustment for 24 hours on the day can be made until 23:00. In addition, although it is possible to buy and sell electric power in 30-minute units from 17:00 to 23:00, the supply and demand management server 100 buys and sells only once immediately before 23:00 so as to perform processing at a place where the demand forecasting accuracy is higher. It may be performed.

  By the way, the one hour ago market ends one hour ago. The market one hour before the demand-supply management server 100 can use changes over time after 23:00.

  Thus, the supply and demand management server 100 adjusts the power at the market one hour before (management time t ′ = 1 to 47) at 23:30 the day before (S1703).

  Then, with the passage of time after the day, the market available one hour ago changes. The supply-and-demand management server 100 adjusts the power in the market one hour before (management time t ′ = (tc + 2) to 47 (frames)) at time (tc) from 0:00 on the day to 22:30 on the day (S1704). ). Note that tc = 0 to 45 (frames).

  In this flowchart, the power can be adjusted in units of 30 minutes, and the power is adjusted each time exhaustion or overflow is detected in the demand forecast. Since the market one hour ago can be traded up to one hour before, it is possible to give priority to the accuracy of demand forecasting and to perform processing so that trading is performed immediately before the market one hour ago ends.

  In S1701 to S1703, the adjustment of the storage battery 121 is effectively performed while performing the demand forecast of the next day together with the demand forecast of the current day. Today's demand forecast is used to calculate the total charge at the start time of the next day.

  In addition, in S1704, the total charge amount of the storage battery 121 is adjusted in consideration of the state of purchase and sale in the previous day's market, together with the total charge amount at the start time of the next day.

  As described above, by combining the day-ahead market and the hour-ahead market and adjusting the power according to time, it is possible to efficiently avoid the overflow / depletion state of the storage battery 121. Further, since the state of the storage battery 121 according to the change in demand can be maintained, effective supply and demand management can be realized.

(Modification 2)
In the above-described embodiment, an example in which the storage battery 121 provided in the customer group 101 is charged and discharged when the imbalance is adjusted has been described. However, the storage battery to be subjected to the charge / discharge control is not limited to the storage battery 121 provided in the customer group 101.

  FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a power supply and demand management system according to a second modification. The example illustrated in FIG. 18 illustrates the entire power system during power liberalization.

  As illustrated in FIG. 18, the power supply and demand management system is an example in which a storage battery system 1801 is provided instead of the storage battery 121 provided in the customer group 101.

  Then, the storage battery system 1801 can supply power to the customer group 102 (102_1, 102_2, 102_3, ..., 102_k-2, 102_k-1, 102_k) via the power system network 152.

  Further, similarly to the above-described embodiment, the supply and demand management server 100 can control charging and discharging of the storage battery system 1801 via the public network 151. Then, the supply and demand management server 100 manages demand (predicts imbalance based on demand prediction) based on measurement data of the smart meter every 30 minutes, and charges and discharges the storage battery system 1801 as necessary. Thereby, the imbalance can be eliminated.

  The storage battery system 1801 of the present modification has a communication control function. Then, the storage battery system 1801 can execute a charge / discharge instruction from the supply and demand management server 100.

  The storage battery system 1801 of this modification is directly connected to the grid. The adjustment of supply and demand by charging and discharging is performed based on the recognition of the power distribution company. In addition, the battery is not discharged in the form of no reverse power flow as in the storage battery 121 in the consumer group 101 of the above-described embodiment. The supply and demand management server 100 charges the storage battery system 1801 when it determines that there is a surplus imbalance based on the recognition of the power distribution company. When it is determined that the imbalance is insufficient, discharging from the storage battery system 1801 to the power system network 152 is performed.

  Also in this modification, a charge / discharge plan is generated for charge / discharge for imbalance and charge / discharge control using the charge / discharge plan is performed, as in the above-described embodiment. Further, in the case where the forecast demand is shifted, the processing procedure for purchasing and selling power using the spot market and the market one hour before is the same as in the above-described embodiment, and the description is omitted. Thus, the present invention can be applied regardless of the installation form of the storage battery.

  In the embodiment and the modification described above, the imbalance between the amount of power to be procured in advance and the amount of predicted power can be reduced by charging and discharging the storage battery. The charge amount of the rechargeable battery used for reducing the imbalance is adjusted based on the market on the previous day (spot market) based on the prediction on the previous day or the market one hour before based on the prediction on the previous day, so that the storage battery can be used. Overflow and shortage can be suppressed.

  As described above, the power supply / demand management server 100 of the electric power retailer procures electric power from the electric power generator (the electric power generation system 104) via the network 154 between electric power system operators, and the meter management server 103 (not shown). It is possible to perform an appropriate demand forecast from the measurement data in 30-minute units from, and to control supply and demand by controlling the large-scale storage battery system 1801. As a result, it is possible to control supply-demand balance (simultaneous equal-quantity control) by charging and discharging large-scale storage batteries in advance of appropriate procurement of power appropriate to demand and absorbing imbalances that occur on the day. It is.

  In the above-described embodiment and modified example, the demand forecast power amount is calculated based on the measurement data received from each customer for each division time obtained by dividing the management time, and the demand forecast power amount is taken into account. By performing the discharge control, the accuracy of suppressing imbalance can be improved.

  In the above-described embodiment and the modified example, the frequency of power adjustment (trading) is reduced by using the storage battery as a buffer against the imbalance that is expected to occur, compared with the case where the storage battery is not provided. it can.

  In the above-described embodiment and the modified example, the adjustment by the electric power market in order to avoid the overflow state and the exhaustion state of the storage battery can be realized efficiently and at low cost.

  Low cost means that other power companies purchase (use) power that is considered relatively surplus and sell (supply) power that is considered relatively short by other power companies. I do.

  That is, in the above-described embodiment and the modified example, the effective use of electric power is realized with another electric power company by combining the charging and discharging by the storage battery and the buying and selling by the electric power market.

  While some embodiments and modifications of the present invention have been described, these embodiments and modifications are provided as examples and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. These new embodiments and modifications can be implemented in other various forms, and various omissions, replacements, and changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. These embodiments and modifications thereof are included in the scope and gist of the invention, and are also included in the invention described in the claims and equivalents thereof.

  100, 1400: Supply and demand management server, 101, 102: Customer group, 103: Meter management server, 104: Power generation system, 111, 112: Smart meter, 121: Storage battery, 151: Public network, 152: Power system network, 154 ... Network between power system operators, 200... Storage battery system, 201... Distribution line, 202... Power sensor, 204... Load, 211... Control unit, 212. Unit, 303: power storage information storage unit for each consumer, 304: communication I / F, 305: demand prediction calculation unit, 306: information storage unit for demand prediction, 307: determination data storage unit, 308: purchase data storage unit, 311 ... Reception processing unit, 312 ... Purchased power amount acquisition unit, 313 ... Charge amount acquisition unit, 314 ... Instruction value calculation unit 15 ... Lack surplus power calculation means, 316,1421 ... time specifying unit, 317 ... transmission processing unit.

Claims (5)

A power management device that adjusts power demand by controlling storage batteries of a first consumer group provided with storage batteries, which is included in a total consumer group that consumes power supplied from the power distribution system,
In the consumers included in the total customer group, a prediction calculation unit that calculates a demand prediction power amount indicating a usage amount of power predicted for each unit time obtained by dividing the day,
A first obtaining unit that obtains a procurable power amount that can be supplied per unit time of the day, procured from an electric power market to supply to the total consumer group,
A second acquisition unit that acquires a charge amount of a storage battery of the first consumer group at the start time of the day;
A first calculation for calculating a charge / discharge instruction value for instructing the storage battery for each unit time based on the predicted power amount and the procured power amount that can be supplied per unit time; Department and
In the case where the charge / discharge control of the storage battery is performed based on the charge / discharge instruction value and the charge amount of the storage battery at the start time of the day, within the day, the charge amount of the storage battery discharges. In the case where the first time is calculated to be lower than a first threshold value defined as a criterion for inhibiting or to exceed a second threshold value defined as a criterion for inhibiting charging, and to be below the first threshold value, Calculating, from the charge / discharge instruction value, the amount of power shortage obtained by subtracting the amount of power discharged to the first threshold value, and if the power amount exceeds the second threshold value, calculating the second charge amount from the charge / discharge instruction value. A second calculating unit that calculates a surplus power amount obtained by subtracting the power amount charged to the threshold,
When the first time that is less than the first threshold is calculated, the time is before the first time, and when the insufficient power amount is purchased at the time, the power storage of the storage battery is performed. A purchase scheduled time that does not exceed the third threshold set as the upper limit of the amount is specified, and if a second time that exceeds the second threshold is calculated, a time before the second time is calculated. A time specifying unit that specifies a planned sale time that does not fall below a fourth threshold set as a lower limit of the storage amount of the storage battery when the surplus power amount is sold at the time;
A power management device comprising: In a power market where power can be purchased and sold, a third acquisition unit that acquires price information indicating a price of power for each unit time of the day,
The time specifying unit further specifies, based on the price information, a scheduled time to purchase the insufficient power amount, or specifies a scheduled time to sell the surplus power amount,
The power management device according to claim 1. The time identification unit, when identifying the planned purchase time, when the insufficient power amount is purchased at the planned purchase time, the first threshold value between the planned purchase time and the first time. When specifying the planned purchase time and specifying the planned sale time based on the charge amount of the storage battery that is lower than the first reference value and that is larger than the third threshold value. In the case where the surplus power amount is sold at the scheduled sale time, a value smaller than the second threshold and larger than the fourth threshold is used between the scheduled sale time and the first time. Determining the expected selling time based on a charged amount of the storage battery exceeding a second reference value;
The power management device according to claim 1. A power market server provided as a power market where power can be purchased and sold, a purchase request for the insufficient power amount at the planned purchase time or a request to sell the surplus power amount at the planned sale time is transmitted. Further comprising:
The power management device according to claim 1. The transmission unit further transmits the purchase request or the sale request while the power market is open on the day before the day on which power is traded in the power market server, and then transmits the power in the power market server. Transmitting the purchase request or the sale request while the power market is open up to one hour before the time to be traded,
The power management device according to claim 4.

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