JP6643943B2 - Mold structure for pressure shearing and pressure shearing method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a technique for performing pressure shearing of a hole, a plurality of holes, and a deformed hole, and separating a workpiece and a punched material after the processing.

As a plate drilling technique, a pressure shearing method has been established so far.
For example, an impact hydraulic pressing method (Non-Patent Document 1), a Guerin process (Guerin process), a punchless shearing method described in Patent Document 1, and the like have been published and have been adopted as practical techniques.

Punching of metal plate and CFRP plate using impact hydraulic pressure / Minoru Yamashita, Takuya Mori / 66th Lecture Meeting on Plasticity (2015.10.29-31) Iwaki JP-A-62-228399 JP 2015-178129 A

However, in the case of the shearing method using the impact hydraulic pressure disclosed in Non-Patent Document 1, a rabbit hole is required for round hole processing, and a deformed hole processing requires that the entire shape to be processed does not simultaneously break after pressing. There remains a problem that the hydraulic pressure escapes and a portion where shearing has not been completed only by the impact hydraulic pressure remains.
In addition, the Gehlin method using a layered rubber as an upper mold has an advantage that the production cost of the mold can be reduced, but has a large springback and is not suitable for processing a fine and complicated shape.

The punchless shearing method disclosed in Patent Document 1 uses a plastic material such as polyethylene, nylon, or ABS as a pressurizing material, sets it on a work material placed on a die, and uses a mechanism such as an electromagnetic press to perform high-speed processing. This is advantageous in that a brittle material such as an amorphous material can be sheared with high precision.
However, when a plastic material is used for forming a deformed hole, there is a problem that the plastic material as a punch material that has entered the inside of the deformed hole after shearing cannot be easily removed.

The present invention has been devised to solve the above-described conventional problems. In a mold structure for press shearing, the first choice is to select a punch material for easily punching a deformed hole. The purpose is.
A second object of the present invention is to provide a method of easily removing a punch material after drilling a deformed hole as a pressure shearing method.

  In order to achieve the first object, the mold structure for press shearing according to the present invention is characterized in that a semi-solid material or powder having solubility or dispersibility in water is used as a punch material. I have.

  In order to achieve the second object, the pressure shearing method according to the present invention is characterized in that the separation between the punch material and the workpiece is performed using water, hot water, or another liquid.

  In the case of the mold structure for press shearing according to the present invention, by using a semi-solid material or powder as a punch material (pressurizing material) in the press shearing, not only conventional round hole processing but also R An irregular shaped hole having a plurality of shapes and square shapes can be machined by one press shearing process.

According to the pressure shearing method according to the present invention, the sheared workpiece is peeled off with water or hot water, or another liquid, so that the workpiece is not deformed or distorted. It is possible to secure a processed shape.
As other liquids, acetone, ethanol, methanol, hydrocarbon solvents (gasoline, light oil, kerosene) and the like may be used.

  By using foodstuffs such as konjac, agar, agar, buckwheat, udon, gyoza skin, garlic skin, flour, rice flour, buckwheat flour, starch, etc., it is expected that the environmental load can be reduced.

  Further, since it is not necessary to prepare a male mold, it is possible to shorten the delivery time and reduce the cost of the mold as compared with a conventional general press mold combining a male mold and a female mold.

Further, according to the present invention, the punch material is press-fitted into the concave portion in a shape following the irregular shaped hole of the die during the shearing process, so that it is not necessary to set a clearance, and it is possible to theoretically perform the process with zero clearance.
As a result, it is possible to convert the drilling of metal foil, which has conventionally depended on etching, to the press method.

Generally, 0.001 mm has been considered as the lower limit of the processing accuracy and the positioning accuracy of the mold parts. According to the conventional mold design procedure, for example, when trying to process a metal foil with a thickness of 0.015 mm with a clearance of 5% of the thickness, the clearance becomes 0.00075 mm, which is less than 0.001 mm in the positioning accuracy. Was impossible.
By providing a special mechanism as shown in Patent Document 2, it has become possible to maintain the clearance, which is the gap between the male and female dies, at 0.001 mm or less. It takes a construction period, and it is considered that the mold manufacturing cost is higher than that of the conventional mold.

FIG. 1 shows a mold structure for press shearing according to the present invention.
The mold 10 includes an upper pedestal 12, a punch material 14, a die 16, and a lower pedestal 18.
A workpiece 20 is arranged on a die 16, and a punch material 14 is arranged on the surface thereof.
The die 16 has a concave portion 22 (a through-hole corresponding to a punched shape).

The die 16 needs to have sufficient strength with respect to the workpiece 20 and is made of alloy tool steel, cemented carbide, stainless steel, or the like.
For the upper pedestal 12 and the lower pedestal 18, a material that can withstand an impact force, such as carbon steel for machine structural use or alloy tool steel, is selected.
The lower pedestal 18 is not provided with an opening corresponding to the concave portion 22 of the die 16, and the bottom of the concave portion 22 is closed by the upper flat surface 24 (details will be described later).

As the punch material 14, a semi-solid material or powder having solubility or dispersibility in water is used.
The punch material 14 is arranged so as to have an area larger than at least the opening of the concave portion 22 of the die 16 on the surface of the workpiece 20.

  The semi-solidified material having solubility or dispersibility in water includes, for example, konjac, agar, gelled laundry paste (polyvinyl alcohol gel), buckwheat, udon, gyoza skin, garlic skin and the like. .

Examples of the powder having solubility or dispersibility in water include powders of metals such as iron, aluminum, titanium, stainless steel, copper, and copper alloy. Other powders include flour, rice flour, buckwheat flour, starch and the like.
When the powder is used as the punch material 14, it is used as a single material or as a mixture of a plurality of materials.

FIG. 2 shows the pressure shearing process according to the present invention.
First, as shown in FIG. 3 (a), when an impact load is applied to the upper pedestal 12 of the mold 10 by a falling weight or an electromagnetic press, the punch material 14 causes the surface of the workpiece 20 to enter the recess 22 of the die 16. Strongly, and penetrates into the concave portion 22 together with the punched portion 20a of the workpiece 20. As a result, as shown in FIG. 2B, pressure shearing of the workpiece 20 is realized (step 1).
After the completion of the shearing, the upper pedestal 12 and the lower pedestal 18 are opened, and the workpiece 20 and the punched material 14 are taken out of the die 16 as shown in FIG.

Next, as shown in FIG. 4 (a), the punch material 14 biting into the hole 20b of the workpiece 20 is immersed in a liquid 30 such as water or hot water to be peeled from the workpiece 20 ( Step 3).
Next, the workpiece 20 from which the peeling has been completed is taken out of the liquid 30, and as shown in FIG. 4B, cleaning is performed by washing with water 32 using a detergent, ultrasonic cleaning, or the like (step 4).
Finally, as shown in FIG. 5C, the washed workpiece 20 is dried to complete the sheared part 34 (Step 5).

In the conventional method (punchless shearing method) disclosed in Patent Literature 1, for example, a plurality of fine and complicated shapes (a first punched shape, a second punched shape, and a third punched shape) shown in FIG. 5 are provided. In the case of machining the first plurality of irregularly shaped holes, if the thickness of the workpiece is as thin as 0.015 mm, such as a metal foil, there is a problem that the punch material cannot be peeled from the metal foil.
On the other hand, according to the pressure shearing method according to the present invention, the separation of the workpiece 20 and the punch material 14 is realized by utilizing the solubility of the punch material 14 itself and the dispersibility in water. The work material 20 and the punch material 14 can be separated without applying a specific load.

In the case of the present invention, since the upper flat surface 24 of the lower pedestal 18 closes the bottom of the concave portion 22 of the die 16 as described above, pressure shearing of the workpiece 20 by the punch material 14 is ensured. .
That is, in a general punching die, an opening communicating with the concave portion of the die is provided in the lower pedestal, and the portion punched by the punch is allowed to freely fall downward in the die.

However, when the lower pedestal 42 having the opening 40 is used in the pressure shearing according to the present invention as shown in FIG. 6A, a load is applied to the upper pedestal 12 as shown in FIG. At the time of addition, a part of the workpiece 20 (the part located at the lower right end of the concave portion 22 in the figure) may be sheared first.
As a result, the punch material 14 may jump out of the torn portion 44 of the workpiece 20 and may not be able to shear the remaining portion of the workpiece 20.

Therefore, as shown in FIG. 1, if the lower pedestal 18 is formed so as to guide the workpiece 20 by removing the opening and forming an upper flat surface 24, as shown in FIGS. 3 (a) and (b) In addition, it is less likely that a part of the workpiece 20 is sheared first.
Further, even if a part of the work material 20 is sheared first, the punch material 14 remains in the concave portion 22 of the die 16 and the work material 20 can be continuously restrained. It becomes possible to perform a shearing process on a portion.
A similar function can be realized by inserting a collar (counter punch) 46 into the opening 40 of the lower pedestal 42 and closing the opening 40 with the upper flat surface 47 as shown in FIG. Good.

[Processing example 1: Batch processing of first multiple irregular holes in metal foil (part 1)]
Using a die provided with a concave portion corresponding to the first plurality of irregularly shaped holes shown in FIG. 5, as a result of performing pressure-drop shearing processing under the conditions shown in Table 1, the SUS304 ultrafine Shearing process to form multiple deformed holes in grained steel was successful.

As shown in FIG. 7, the extruded punched leather as a punch material adhered to the processed workpiece in such a manner as to cover the punched portion. The white portion of the background reflects the flash at the time of shooting.
The extruded height of the cotton peel was about 0.03 mm, and was extruded to a height about twice the thickness of 0.015 mm.

The workpiece after pressure shearing was immersed in a beaker containing 100 ml of private water and subjected to ultrasonic cleaning for 10 minutes.
As a result, the rind that adhered to the workpiece was dissolved in water, and the peeling was easily realized.
The taken out work material was washed with private water, immersed in methanol, and dried with warm air at 30 degrees Celsius.

FIG. 8 shows the result of observing the workpiece after drying with an electron microscope.
As shown in the figure, the workpiece after drying has no warpage or bending.
As shown in FIGS. 9 (1) to 9 (5), which are enlarged photographs of the portions (1) to (5) in the figure, the cut surface of each portion has a large ratio of droop, and the sheared surface is not clearly visible. Also, no fracture surface is observed.

[Processing example 2: Batch processing of first multiple irregular holes in metal foil (part 2)]
Next, the punch material 14 was changed from cotton skin to strong powder, and pressure shearing of the first plurality of irregularly shaped holes shown in FIG.

FIG. 10 shows the results of observation of the workpiece by an electron microscope when a batch pressurizing and shearing of a plurality of holes is performed using strong powder.
As above, the workpiece after drying has no warpage or bending.
As shown in FIGS. 11 (1) to 11 (5), which are enlarged photographs of the portions (1) to (5) in the figure, the cut surface of each portion has a large ratio of droop, and the shear surface is not clearly visible. Also, no fracture surface is observed.

[Processing example 3: Batch processing of multiple round holes in metal foil]
As shown in FIG. 12, a pressure shearing process in which two round holes of φ2.739 were arranged was performed on the workpiece under the conditions shown in Table 3.

FIG. 13 shows an observation result of one cross section of the two processed holes.
As for the cross section of the φ2.379 hole, the cut edges at the left end, middle and right end are all droop-shaped, and no shear surface and fracture surface are observed.

[Processing example 4: Batch processing of second multiple irregular holes in metal foil (part 1)]
As shown in FIG. 14, batch press shearing of a second plurality of irregularly shaped holes including a plurality of corners and R portions was performed on a workpiece made of SUS304 ultrafine grained steel under the processing conditions shown in Table 4. Carried out.

FIG. 15 (a) shows the workpiece after shearing, and FIGS. 15 (b) to 15 (f) are scanning electron micrographs (wide view) of portions (1) to (8) in the drawing. It is. FIGS. 16 (1) to (8) are scanning electron micrographs (narrow field of view) of the parts (1) to (8).
Also in the processing of the second plurality of irregularly shaped holes, similarly to the above, there is a feature that the processed cut surface is large and the sheared surface and the fracture surface are not visible.

[Processing example 5: Batch processing of second multiple irregular holes in metal foil (part 2)]
The second plurality of irregularly shaped holes shown in FIG. 14 were subjected to collective pressure shearing on the workpiece made of SUS316L under the processing conditions shown in Table 4.

FIG. 17 (a) shows a workpiece after shearing, and FIGS. 17 (b) to 17 (f) are scanning electron micrographs (wide view) of parts (1) to (8) in the figure. It is. FIGS. 18 (1) to 18 (8) are scanning electron micrographs (narrow field of view) of the above parts (1) to (8).
Also in this case, as in the case described above, a feature is observed in which the processed cut surface has large droop and the sheared surface and the fractured surface cannot be visually recognized.

FIG. 19 (a) shows another embodiment of the press shearing mold structure according to the present invention, which is different from the above. However, the same components as those in the above embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals.
The mold 50 includes a guide 52, an upper pedestal 54, a punch material 14, a die 16, and a lower pedestal 18.

The materials of the upper pedestal 54, the lower pedestal 18, and the die 16 are the same as in the above embodiment.
In addition, the lower pedestal 18 is not provided with an opening corresponding to the concave portion 22 of the die 16, and is similar to the above-described embodiment in that the bottom portion of the concave portion 22 is closed by the upper flat surface 24. ing.

The guide 52 is made of, for example, carbon steel for machine structural use or alloy tool steel, and is formed with a through hole 56 having an opening larger than the outer dimension of the opening of the concave portion 22 of the die 16.
The upper pedestal 54 has a shape and dimensions that can be inserted into the opening of the through hole 56.

  After the workpiece 20 is disposed between the lower end surface of the guide 52 and the upper end surface of the die 16, a predetermined amount of the punch material 14 is filled in the through hole 56 of the guide 52, and the upper pedestal 54 is It is inserted into the top opening of 56.

Here, when an impact load is applied to the upper pedestal 54 of the mold 50 by a falling weight or an electromagnetic press as shown in FIG. 6B, the upper pedestal 54 enters the through hole 56 of the guide 52, and the punch material 14 is strongly extruded toward the surface of the workpiece 20.
As a result, as shown in FIG. 4C, the workpiece 20 is pressure-sheared by the punch 14 (step 1).

  Thereafter, similarly to the above, the workpiece 20 is taken out (Step 2), peeled (Step 3), washed (Step 4), and dried (Step 5), and the desired shape is punched out. The obtained sheared part can be obtained.

In the case of this embodiment, since the spread of the punch material 14 in the lateral direction is restricted by the inner wall surface of the through hole 56 of the guide 52, the pressing force on the workpiece 20 is increased by that amount, and the processing efficiency is improved. be able to.
This is particularly effective when powder is selected as the punch material 14.

It is a key map showing the metallic mold structure for press shearing concerning this invention. It is a flowchart which shows the process of press shearing. It is a conceptual diagram which shows the process of press shearing. It is a conceptual diagram which shows the process of press shearing. It is a figure showing shape and size of the 1st plurality of irregular shaped holes. It is a key map showing a problem etc. when an opening is formed in a lower pedestal. It is a photograph which shows a mode that the punching material has adhered to the surface of the workpiece after pressure shearing. 9 is a photograph showing an overall image of a processing result of processing example 1. 9 is a photograph showing details of a processing result of processing example 1; 9 is a photograph showing an overall image of a processing result of processing example 2; 14 is a photograph showing details of a processing result of processing example 2; It is a figure showing shape and size of a round hole. 13 is a photograph showing the entire image and details of a processing result of processing example 3; It is a figure showing shape and size of the 2nd plurality of irregular shaped holes. 14 is a photograph showing an overall image and details (wide field of view) of a processing result of processing example 4. 14 is a photograph showing details (narrow field of view) of the processing result of processing example 4. It is a photograph which shows the whole image and the detail (wide field of view) of the processing result of processing example 5. 14 is a photograph showing details (narrow field of view) of the processing result of processing example 5; It is a key map showing the metallic mold structure for press shearing concerning other embodiments.

10 Mold
12 Upper pedestal
14 Punch material
16 dies
18 Lower pedestal
20 Work material
22 Die recess
24 Top plane
30 Liquids such as water or hot water
32 Water with detergent
34 Sheared parts
50 mold
52 Guide
54 Upper pedestal
56 Guide through hole

Claims (7)

A mold structure used in a pressure shearing method in which a workpiece is pressed to perform a shearing process,
A die having a recess corresponding to the processing shape, on which the workpiece is arranged,
A punch material arranged on the surface of the workpiece,
With an upper pedestal that presses the punch material,
A mold structure for pressure shearing, wherein a semi-solid material having solubility or dispersibility in water is used as the punch material. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the semi-solidified material having solubility or dispersibility in water is any one of konjac, agar, washing paste, buckwheat, udon, dumpling skin, and crocodile skin. The mold structure for press shearing described. A lower pedestal is located below the die,
The pressurization according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the lower end opening of the concave portion of the die is closed by the plane of the lower pedestal, and the workpiece extruded by the punch material is guided by the plane of the lower pedestal. Die structure for shearing. A lower pedestal disposed below the die and having a through hole communicating with a concave portion of the die,
With a collar inserted into the through hole,
The press-shearing process according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the lower end opening of the concave portion of the die is closed by the collar, and the workpiece extruded into the punch material is guided by the collar. Mold structure. With a guide arranged on the surface of the workpiece,
In this guide, a through hole is formed at a position corresponding to the concave portion of the die,
The punch material is loaded into the through hole, and the upper pedestal is inserted,
The mold structure for press shearing according to any one of claims 1 to 4 , wherein the punch material pressed by the upper pedestal is guided by an inner wall surface of the through hole. A pressure shearing method using the mold structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5 ,
A pressure-shearing method characterized by separating a punched material that has entered a hole of a processed material with water, hot water, or another liquid after pressure-shearing the processed material. A pressure shearing method using the mold structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5 ,
A pressure shearing method characterized by forming a plurality of holes or irregular holes collectively by using a die having a plurality of concave portions.

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