JP6641270B2 - 中心核ミオパシーを治療するためのダイナミン2阻害剤 - Google Patents
中心核ミオパシーを治療するためのダイナミン2阻害剤 Download PDFInfo
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Description
a)候補化合物を提供又は取得する工程と、
b)前記候補化合物が、ダイナミン2の活性/発現を阻害するか判定する工程と、
c)前記候補化合物が、ダイナミン2の活性/発現を阻害する場合には、それを選択する工程と
を含む、方法に関する。
本明細書で用いる場合、用語「ダイナミン2阻害剤」は、ダイナミン2の発現を特異的に減少させることが可能、又はダイナミン2の活性若しくは機能を阻害することが可能なあらゆる分子を意味する。好ましくは、かかるダイナミン2阻害剤は、直接阻害剤であり、これは、阻害剤がダイナミン2タンパク質、又は前記ダイナミン2若しくはその一部分をコードする核酸と直接相互作用することを意味する。本発明によるダイナミン2阻害剤は、ダイナミン2の機能的な活性を、in vivo及び/又はin vitroで阻害する又は低下させる能力を有する。阻害剤は、ダイナミン2の機能的な活性を、少なくとも約30%、好ましくは少なくとも約50%、好ましくは少なくとも約70、75、又は80%、なおも好ましくは85、90、又は95%阻害し得る。特に、阻害剤は、少なくとも約10%、好ましくは少なくとも約30%、好ましくは少なくとも約50%、好ましくは少なくとも約70、75、又は80%、なおも好ましくは85、90、又は95%、ダイナミン2の発現を阻害し得る。
- 配列番号2のiRNA配列: 5'- AAGGACATGATCCTGCAGTTCAT - 3'(又は下記のshRNA配列N°C)、
- 配列番号3のiRNA配列: 5'- AAGAGGCTACATTGGCGTGGTGA- 3'
- 配列番号4のiRNA配列: 5'- AGGTGGACACTCTGGAGCTCTCC - 3'、
- 配列番号5のiRNA配列: 5'- AAGAAGTACATGCTGCCTCTGGA - 3'、
- 配列番号6のiRNA配列: 5'-AACGTCTACAAGGACCTGCGGCA - 3'、
- 配列番号7のiRNA配列: 5'-AGGAGAACACCTTCTCCATGGAC - 3'、
- 配列番号8のiRNA配列: 5'- AACTGTTACTATACTGAGCAG - 3'、
- 配列番号9のiRNA配列: 5'- TGCCAACTGTTACTATACT - 3'、
- 配列番号10のiRNA配列: 5' - GAAGAGCTGATCCCGCTGG -3'
- 配列番号11のiRNA配列: 5' - GCACGCAGCTGAACAAGAA -3'
- 配列番号12のiRNA配列: 5' -GGACTTACGACGGGAGATC-3'
- 配列番号13のiRNA配列: 5' -GGATATTGAGGGCAAGAAG-3'
- 配列番号14のiRNA配列: 5'-GGACCAGGCAGAAAACGAG-3'
- shRNA 15のiRNA配列: 5' - GCGAATCGTCACCACTTAC-3'
下記の配列:配列番号26: GTCACCCGGAGGCCTCTCATTCTGCAGCTCを含むU7-Ex2(アンチセンスU7 snRNAを含むDNM2エクソン2の標的スキッピング):
下記の配列:配列番号27: ACACACTAGAGTTGTCTGGTGGAGCCCGCATCAを含むU7-Ex8(アンチセンスU7 snRNAを含むDNM2エクソン8の標的スキッピング):
の1つを含むか又はそれからなる。
- ダイナソール(Dynasore)(ダイナミン1及びダイナミン2の非競合的、細胞透過性セミカルバゾン化合物阻害剤- CAS番号304448-55-3)、その化学名は、3-ヒドロキシナフタレン-2-カルボン酸(3,4-ジヒドロキシベンジリデン)ヒドラジドであり、
- ヒドロキシ-ダイナソール(ダイナミン2の極めて強力な阻害剤(IC50=2.6μM))(ヒドロキシ-ダイナソールは、細胞透過性のヒドロキシル化された、CAS番号1256493-34-1のダイナミン阻害剤ダイナソールの類似体である)、その化学名は、3-ヒドロキシ-N'-[(2,4,5-トリヒドロキシフェニル)メチリデン]ナフタレン-2-カルボヒドラジドであり、
- テトラデシルトリメチルアンモニウムブロミド(CAS番号1119-97-7)、製品名MiTMAB(商標)(ab120466)としてAbcam社より販売されている(細胞透過性ダイナミン1及びダイナミン2阻害剤(ダイナミンIIを阻害する場合、IC50=8.4μM))。これは、プレクストリン相同性(PH)(脂質結合)ドメインを標的とする。これは、受容体-媒介型でシナプス性の小胞エンドサイトーシスを阻害し(IC50値は2.2μM)、
- フタラジン(Phthaladyn)-23(ダイナミン2 GTPase活性を阻害することが報告されている細胞透過性フタルイミド化合物(IC50=63μM))、フタラジン-23の化学名は、4-クロロ-2-((2-(3-ニトロフェニル)-1,3-ジオキソ-2,3-ジヒドロ-1H-イソインドール-5-カルボニル)-アミノ)-安息香酸であり、
- ダイノール(Dynole)34-2、これは、ダイナミン阻害剤V(scbt.com)であり、GTPase活性に作用し、GTPに対して非競合的であり、ダイノール34-2の化学名は、2-シアノ-N-オクチル-3-[1-(3-ジメチルアミノプロピル)-1H-インドール-3-イル]アクリルアミドであり、
- M-divi 1(ミトコンドリア分裂阻害剤(mitochondrial division inhibitor)、IC50=10μM)(scbt.com)、M-divi- 1の化学名は、3-(2,4-ジクロロ-5-メトキシフェニル)-2-スルファニルキナゾリン(sulfanylquinazolin)-4(3H)-オンであり、
- イミノジン(Iminodyn)-22/17(scbt.com)(イミノジン22: IC50=390nMは、GTPaseのアロステリック部位に作用し、GTPに関して非競合的拮抗作用を示す)、イミノジン22の化学名は、N,N'-(プロパン-1,3-ジイル)ビス(7,8-ジヒドロキシ-2-イミノ-2H-クロメン-3-カルボキサミド)であり、イミノジン17の化学名は、N,N'-(エタン-1,2-ジイル)ビス(7,8-ジヒドロキシ-2-イミノ-2H-クロメン-3-カルボキサミド)である。
- OcTMAB、すなわちオクタデシルトリメチルアンモニウムブロミド(abcam.com)、これはPHドメインを標的とし、
- ダイナミン阻害ペプチド(Tocris Biosciences社1774):アミノ酸配列: QVPSRPNRAPを有し、
- ディンゴ(Dyngo)-4a(IC50 -2.5μM)、これは、GTPaseアロステリック部位に作用する、ディンゴ-4aの化学名は、3-ヒドロキシ-N'-[(2,4,5-トリヒドロキシフェニル)メチリデン]ナフタレン-2-カルボヒドラジドであり、
- RTIL-13(IC50 -2.3μM)、これはPHドメインを標的とするノルカンタリジン(norcantharidin)スキャフォールドであり、RTIL-13の化学名は、4-(N,N-ジメチル-N-オクタデシル-N-エチル)-4-アザ-10-オキサトリシクロ-[5.2.1]デカン-3,5-ジオンブロミドである。
本発明は、上記で定義したようなダイナミン2阻害剤を治療上有効な量、それを必要としている患者に投与することにより、中心核ミオパシーを治療する方法、及び中心核ミオパシー治療におけるかかるダイナミン2阻害剤の使用に関する。また、本発明は、中心核ミオパシーを治療するための医薬組成物の製造におけるダイナミン2阻害剤の使用にも関する。本発明は、中心核ミオパシーの治療における使用のためのダイナミン2阻害剤に関する。
である必要はないと認識する。症状が部分的又は間欠的に緩和する場合でも、それは被治療者にとって極めて有益であり得る。更に、患者の治療は、単回事象であり得る、又は患者は、ダイナミン2阻害剤を複数回投与されるが、それは、得られた結果に応じて、数日間隔、数週間間隔、又は数ヶ月間隔、又は数年間隔でさえもあり得る。
本発明は、中心核ミオパシー、好ましくはXLCNMの治療で有用な分子を、かかる分子がダイナミン2の発現、活性、及び/又は機能を阻害する能力に基づき、識別又はスクリーニングする方法にも関係する。
a)候補化合物を提供又は取得する工程と;
b)前記候補化合物が、ダイナミン2の活性、機能及び/又は発現を阻害するか判定する工程と
を含むスクリーニング方法であって、
c)前記候補化合物が、前記ダイナミン2の発現、機能、又は活性を阻害する能力を有すれば、前記候補化合物は、それが中心核ミオパシーの治療にとって有用であり得ることが示唆される、方法について説明する。
材料。用いた一次抗体は下記の通り:マウス抗-DHPRα1(Cav1.1)サブユニット(MA3-920; Affinity Bioreagents社)、α-アクチニン(EA-53、Sigma-Aldrich社)、カベオリン-3(クローン26、BD Biosciences社)、デスミン(Y-20; Santa Cruz Biotechnology社)、及びグリセルアルデヒド-3-ホスフェートデヒドロゲナーゼ(GAPDH、MAB374; Chemicon社)モノクロナール抗体;及びウサギ抗-RYR1(Isabelle Marty、Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences、フランスからの贈呈品)。ウサギ抗-DNM2抗体(R2680及びR2865、Cowling, B.S.ら、2011, Increased expression of wild-type or a centronuclear myopathy mutant of dynamin 2 in skeletal muscle of adult mice leads to structural defects and muscle weakness, Am J Pathol 178:2224〜2235頁、Increased expression of wild-type or a centronuclear myopathy mutant of dynamin 2 in skeletal muscle of adult mice leads to structural defects and muscle weakness. Am J Pathol 178:2224〜2235頁において特徴づけられる)、及び抗-MTM1(R2827)(Hnia, K.ら、J. 2011. Myotubularin controls desmin intermediate filament architecture and mitochondrial dynamics in human and mouse skeletal muscle. J Clin Invest 121:70〜85頁)は、IGBMC(フランス)にて作製した。Alexa-結合二次抗体は、Invitrogen社から購入した。西洋ワサビペルオキシダーゼ(HRP)と結合したマウス及びウサギIgGに対する二次抗体は、Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories社から購入した。下記の製品を購入した: Hoechst核染色(B2883、Sigma-Aldrich社)、ECL化学発光反応キット(Pierce社)、Lipofectamine(商標)(Life Technologies社)、Tri試薬(Molecular Research Center、Ohio、米国)、SYBR Green 1マスターキット(Roche Diagnostics社)、miScript逆転写キット(Qiagen社)、特異的miScriptプライマーアッセイ(Qiagen社)及びmiScript Sybr green PCRキット(Qiagen社)。用いた患者対照生体組織AHJ38(1.5ヶ月)、及び39(3.4ヶ月)、MTM1突然変異を有するXLCNM生体組織は、AHJ35(15日)(MTM1- intron 11-10A>GS420_R421insFIG)、及びAHJ36(1m)(MTM1-c.445-49_445-4del)、1(MTM1-p.Leu213Pro)、及び15(MTM1- p.Ileu466dup)、及び患者12129/89(MTM1- p.Val49PhefsX6、未発表)であった。
Dnm2 異型接合(Dnm2+/-)マウスの作成及び特徴付け。Dnm2の恒常的なノックアウトは、胚形成期間中に早期死亡することがこれまでに明らかになっている(Ferguson, S.M.ら、2009年、Coordinated actions of actin and BAR proteins upstream of dynamin at endocytic clathrin-coated pits. Dev Cell 17:811〜822頁)。Dnm2ノックアウト(Dnm2-/-)マウスは、Dnm2のエクソン8を標的とすることにより作成した(図10)(詳細については方法のセクションを参照)。100匹からは、Dnm2-/-のマウスは全く識別されず、Dnm2-/-は、胎児期に死に至ることが確認された。異型接合(Dnm2+/-)マウスは、メンデル性遺伝の比から期待される通りに識別され、そのようなマウスについて、EUMODIC表現型分析プログラムに基づき更に分析した(更なる詳細については、方法のセクション及びhttp://www.eumodic.eu/ を参照)。基本的な血液化学試験では、尿素(腎臓機能正常の指標)、カルシウム(浸透圧ホメオスタシス)、及び総コレステロール(心血管系疾患不存在の指標)の各濃度について、野生型(WT)と異型接合(Dnm2+/-)マウスの間で差異は認められなかった(図11A)。ECG測定が正常なことから、心臓の電気的活動に変化はないことが示唆された(図11B)。全体的に、WTとDnm2+/-マウスの間で、体重に明白な差異は認められず(図11C)、また貧脂肪組織又は脂肪含有量についても差異は認められなかった(図11D)。基本的な筋肉機能試験を、次に実施した。筋電図試験から、単一の神経伝達速度(SNCV)に差異はないことが判明した(図11E)。前脛骨筋(TA)の筋肉質量は、WTとDnm2+/-マウスの間で類似し(図11F)、またTA筋の絶対最大力若しくは比最大力、又は疲労性に、差異は検出されず(図11G〜I)、全体として、Dnm2+/-マウスは、臨床的及び生理学的にWTマウスと類似し、筋肉機能において検出可能な差異は認められないことが示唆された。
WT及びDnm2+/-の筋肉と同様に局在化しており、このようなマウスにおけるT-尿細管構造の回復を示唆する。これは、トライアドの筋小胞体に特異的に局在化しているカルシウムチャンネルであるリアノジン受容体(RyR1)について、筋肉断面を染色することにより確認された。横断像は、Mtm1-/yDnm2+/-マウス由来のほとんどの線維において、RyR1の局在化の回復を示し、ごく一部の線維が、Mtm1-/yマウスで広範に認められたRyR1蓄積を示した(図6A)。縦断像では、トライアドの局在場所と整合して、WT及びDnm2+/-の筋肉において、RyR1染色のダブレットをZ線周辺に認めた(α-アクチニンでマークした)。このMtm1-/y筋肉内染色は、極めて変動性であり、またMtm1-/yDnm2+/-筋肉では部分的に回復した。トライアドを更に分析するために、高倍率TEM画像を、8週齢マウスから取得した。T-尿細管/トライアド構造の極度の破綻が、WT及びDnm2+/-のマウスと比較して、Mtm1-/yマウスに認められたが、一方、適正に配置されたトライアドが、Mtm1-/yDnm2+/-マウスでは明確に目視可能であった(図6B)。トライアドの解析から、WT、Dnm2+/-、又はMtm1-/yDnm2+/-のマウスにおいて、1サルコメア当たりのトライアドの数に差異の無いことを確認したが、一方、Mtm1-/yマウスでは、1サルコメア当たりのトライアド数に減少が認められた(図6C)。従って、トライアドの局在化及び構造は、8週齢Mtm1-/yDnm2+/-マウスにおいて回復した。
材料及び方法は、実施例1で用いられたものと同一、又は同等である。
材料及び方法
AAVの生成及び精製:
AAV-293細胞系を、CMVプロモーターの制御下にあり、また血清型2末端逆位反復と隣接するインサートを含有するpAAV2インサート、AAV血清型9のrep遺伝子とcap遺伝子を含有するpXR1、及びアデノウイルスヘルパー機能をコードするpHelperで三重にトランスフェクトすることにより、AAV2/9ベクターを作製した。細胞溶解物について、凍結/解凍サイクルを3回実施し、次に50U/mLのBenzonase(Sigma社)で、37℃において30分間処理し、そして遠心分離により清透化した。イオジキサノール勾配超遠心分離と、その後の遠心式フィルター(Amicon Ultra-15 Centrifugal Filter Devices 30K、Millipore社、Bedford)を用いて、ダルベッコリン酸緩衝生理食塩水に対して行われた透析及び濃縮により、ウイルスベクターを精製した。プラスミド標準pAAV-eGFPを用いて、リアルタイムPCRにより、物理的粒子を定量化し、そして力価を、1ミリリットル当たりのウイルスゲノム(vg/mL)として表す。この実験で用いられたrAAV力価は5〜7×1011 vg/mLであった。
3週齢、オス、野生型、129PASマウスを、5μl/gのケタミン(20mg/mL; Virbac社、Carros、フランス)及びキシラジン(0.4%、Rompun; Bayer社、Wuppertal、ドイツ)をi.p.注射することにより麻酔した。左脚筋肉に25μlのAAV2/9 shDnm2 N°Cを注射し、一方、右脚筋肉には、同量のスクランブル化したAAV2/9を注射した。動物を、12:12時間の明光/暗光サイクルで、温度管理された(19〜22℃)に収容した。動物実験法に関する国内及び欧州の法令に基づき、CO2吸入後の頸椎脱臼により、マウスを絶命せしめた。TA筋及び腓腹筋を、注射後、5週間経過して切除、秤量し、これを組織学用として、窒素冷却イソペンタン中及び液体窒素中で凍結した。
8μm横断面を、調製、固定化し、そしてH&E(ヘマトキシリン及びエオシン)で染色した。線維サイズを、ソフトウェアFijiを用いてH&E断面から分析した。核が中心に偏在化した又は内部に移行したTA筋肉線維の割合(%)を、Fiji画像解析ソフトウェア内の細胞カウンタープラグインを用いて計測した。線維面積を、Fijiソフトウェアを用いて測定した。サンプル毎に、線維800本を超えるものについて計測及び測定した。
Thermo Fisher Scientific社から購入したlipofectamine 2000を用いて、HEK(ヒト胚腎臓)細胞を、shDnm2をコードするプラスミドと筋肉特異的アイソフォームhDNM2(ヒト(humain)DNM2)をコードするプラスミドで同時トランスフェクトした。Lonza社から購入したAmaxaキットV細胞系Nucleofector(商標)を用いて、C2C12マウス筋芽細胞を、shDnm2をコードするプラスミドでエレクトロポレーションした。
ダイナミン2 mRNAのエクソン12bは下記の配列:
配列番号30:5' ctgttactat actgagcagc tggtgacctg 3'
を有するか、又はコード後のタンパク質配列である配列番号31:(Cys Tyr Tyr Thr Glu Gln Leu Val Thr Cys)に対応する。
- DNM2配列を特異的に標的とするshRNAの例(図24)、及びトランスフェクトされたHEK細胞(図25)、トランスフェクトされたC2C12マウス筋芽細胞(図26)、DNM2を標的とするshRNA(図27; AAGGACATGATCCTGCAGTTCAT:配列C又は配列番号2)を発現するAAVを注射した野生型マウスの前脛骨筋内のダイナミン2レベルを効果的に低減し得る例。
Claims (11)
- X連鎖中心核ミオパシー(XL-CNM)又は常染色体劣性中心核ミオパシー(AR-CNM)の治療における使用のためのダイナミン2阻害剤であって、ダイナミン2の発現を特異的に妨害するアンチセンス核酸分子である、ダイナミン2阻害剤。
- 中心核ミオパシーが、BIN1突然変異又はMTM1突然変異に起因する中心核ミオパシーである、請求項1に記載の使用のためのダイナミン2阻害剤。
- ダイナミン2をコードする標的mRNAの全部又は一部に対して相補的であり、それにより標的mRNAの翻訳を妨害するRNA分子である、請求項1又は2に記載の使用のためのダイナミン2阻害剤。
- ダイナミン2プレ-mRNA内で、エクソン-スキッピングを誘発するアンチセンスヌクレオチドである、請求項1又は2に記載の使用のためのダイナミン2阻害剤。
- DNM2のエクソン2又はエクソン8スキッピングを特異的に誘発するように設計されているアンチセンスヌクレオチドである、請求項4に記載の使用のためのダイナミン2阻害剤。
- 下記の配列:
配列番号26: GTCACCCGGAGGCCTCTCATTCTGCAGCTCを含むU7-Ex2(DNM2のエクソン2の標的スキッピング)、
配列番号27: ACACACTAGAGTTGTCTGGTGGAGCCCGCATCAを含むU7-Ex8(DNM2のエクソン8の標的スキッピング)
のうちの1つを含むか又はそれからなる、請求項5に記載の使用のためのダイナミン2阻害剤。 - ダイナミン2の発現を低減する、又はダイナミン2の活性、発現若しくは機能を正常レベルに等しいか、又は正常レベルよりも低いレベルに低減するのに十分な量で投与される、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の使用のためのダイナミン2阻害剤。
- X連鎖中心核ミオパシー(XL-CNM)又は常染色体劣性中心核ミオパシー(AR-CNM)の治療に有用な分子を識別又はスクリーニングする方法であって、
a.候補化合物を提供又は取得する工程と、
b.前記候補化合物が、ダイナミン2の活性、機能及び/又は発現を阻害するか判定する工程と、
c.前記候補化合物が、ダイナミン2の活性/発現/機能を阻害する場合には、それを選択する工程と
を含み、前記候補化合物がアンチセンス核酸分子である、方法。 - 選択された分子を、中心核ミオパシーの非ヒト動物モデル又はその一部分に、in vitroで投与する工程、及びミオパシーの発症又は進行に対する効果を分析する工程を更に含む、請求項8に記載の方法。
- X連鎖中心核ミオパシー(XL-CNM)又は常染色体劣性中心核ミオパシー(AR-CNM)の治療における使用のためのダイナミン2阻害剤及び薬学的に許容される担体/添加剤を含む医薬組成物であって、前記ダイナミン2阻害剤がアンチセンス核酸分子である、医薬組成物。
- ダイナミン2阻害剤が、請求項1から6のいずれか一項で定義される通りである、請求項10に記載の医薬組成物。
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US10947540B2 (en) * | 2016-11-29 | 2021-03-16 | Association Institut De Myologie | Allele-specific silencing therapy for Dynamin 2-related diseases |
WO2018115477A1 (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2018-06-28 | Universite De Strasbourg | Dynamin 2 inhibitor for the treatment of myotonic dystrophy |
WO2018189208A1 (en) | 2017-04-10 | 2018-10-18 | Genethon | Antisense targeting dynamin 2 and use for the treatment of centronuclear myopathies and neuropathies |
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US20210322562A1 (en) * | 2018-08-02 | 2021-10-21 | Dyne Therapeutics, Inc. | Muscle targeting complexes and uses thereof for treating centronuclear myopathy |
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