JP6634010B2 - Heating appliances with phase change material - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to heating apparatus comprising a phase change material. The technical field to which the invention pertains relates to domestic heating.

An electrical heating device, a frame having a rear fixed to the vertical wall of a room, and includes a casing having a radiating element having a radiation front, for example, a heating cable or a resistance such as those screen printed onto the film The configuration in which heating is performed from the back side by the heating element is known as the prior art .

  During operation, the surface temperatures of the casings of these devices reach high temperatures, which are particularly at a temperature that puts them at risk of burns. These heaters are particularly dangerous because the lower part of the casing is easily accessible to very young children.

  A solution known in the prior art is to ensure that the temperature of the casing surface of such equipment does not exceed an upper limit. For example, existing heating appliances set the maximum power to a low value in order to lower the surface temperature of the casing, or are equipped with electrical devices to reduce the maximum power to a low value. .

However, these solutions are not satisfactory, first of all , the heating appliance must be specially designed to its specifications, and the user will be at risk if the heating appliance malfunctions.

In the prior art, the power supply to the heating appliance is based on the use of a thyristor controlled by a control device. These thyristors act like quick-acting switches, controlling the supply of power to the heating appliances in an open / close cycle.

  However, the thyristor opening / closing cycle can occur several times a minute, causing significant overheating of the thyristor and possible damage. Therefore, the thyristor needs to be cooled later. This problem occurs especially when the temperature of the heater is stable at a certain temperature.

A convection cooling method in which air is introduced around a thyristor in a heating device, and then a thyristor cooling method by heat conduction using a heat sink is known. It is also known to immerse the thyristor in a liquid that evaporates on contact with the thyristor, and then liquefies upon contact with a cold surface remote from the thyristor. The energy stored in the thyristor can be removed in this way.

  However, these solutions have several disadvantages. For example, the use of a sink may not be able to cool the thyristor sufficiently, and the heat sink may be prone to clogging with dust, thereby reducing efficiency. The use of fluids for thyristor cooling has the disadvantages of being particularly expensive, clogging and contaminating, and requires the use of complex and sealed systems.

  Today, the development of electric heating appliances is aimed at improving user comfort. Specifically, designers aim to create heating appliances that heat up quickly but cool very slowly.

  Several solutions are also possible in the prior art. For example, it is known to use materials with high thermal inertia on the back of the device in addition to radiating elements with low thermal inertia. This causes the radiating element to heat and cool very quickly, while the element with high thermal inertia heats and cools very slowly. However, this solution has disadvantages, in that the equipped heat-dissipating front will cool down as soon as the radiating element is no longer heated. Another solution is to use an inert inert material, such as lava stone or glass, to provide an intermediate thermal inertia.

  However, this solution is only a compromise between high thermal inertia and low thermal inertia and does not provide a heating device that heats rapidly but cools very slowly.

  The present invention aims to solve one or more of these technical problems by improving the shortcomings of the prior art.

More particularly, the present invention relates to electric heating appliances,
A frame with a casing with a phase change material and a back surface suitable for being fixed to a substantially vertical wall, the casing and the back surface defining an internal volume of the frame;
- heating element, a structure disposed in the interior volume of the frame.

Phase change material, by varying its physical state is a substance capable of accumulating energy at a substantially constant temperature.

Casing Ri Contact comprises a radiating element having a radiation front is heated by the heating element, it is desirable that the phase change material is arranged in the radiation element.

  In the first embodiment of the present invention, the phase change temperature Tφ of the phase change material is slightly higher than Tmax which is the maximum temperature allowed for the casing.

  This heating appliance has the advantage of reducing the risk of burns to the user by delaying the rise in temperature of the casing if the appliance fails.

In the second embodiment of the present invention, the phase change temperature TφA of the phase change material is substantially equal to the required temperature TvA of the radiation front.

  This heating device is particularly advantageous if the heating of the radiating element is controlled by a thyristor. In practice, this device can reduce the frequency of thyristor activation and limit heating.

In this embodiment, the radiating element is advantageously slightly higher phase change temperature Tφ than the maximum temperature Tmax allowed to the casing, Ru comprises a second phase change material.

In the third embodiment of the present invention, the phase change temperature TφB of the phase change material is slightly lower than the required temperature TvB of the radiation front.
This heating appliance offers the advantages of rapid heating and slow cooling, thereby improving user comfort.

In this embodiment, the radiating element is advantageously provided with a second phase change material which is slightly higher phase change temperature Tφ than the maximum temperature Tmax allowed to the casing, and / or a third The phase change temperature TφA of the phase change material is substantially equal to the temperature TvA required at the radiation front.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the radiating element forms a sealed container having a number of compartments, in which the phase change material is filled and arranged, connecting the radiating front and the back of the radiating element. compartments so that to form at least one channel (compartment) is configured to. In another example, which is substantially parallel arrangement to the radiation front and so that to form at least one channel, a further compartment (compartment) is deployed.

  The heating appliance offers the effect of maintaining better thermal conductivity in the radiating element from the back to the radiating front.

  BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention will be better understood by reading the following description and by referring to the accompanying drawings. The drawings are provided for guidance and are not intended to limit the invention in any way. What is shown in the drawing:

It is an outline sectional side view of a heating instrument concerning one example of the present invention.

3 shows a change in temperature of a phase change material that changes according to received energy.

FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional side view of a heating device according to an embodiment of the present invention other than that shown in FIG. 1 .

4 shows a change over time of a front temperature of a heating device according to a conventional technique.

FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional side view of a heating device according to another embodiment shown in FIG. 3.

4 shows a change over time of the front temperature of the heating device according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 3.

FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional side view of a heating device according to an embodiment of the present invention other than those shown in FIGS. 1 and 3.

FIG. 7 shows a temporal change of the front surface temperature of the heating device according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 6.

FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional side view of a heating device according to another embodiment shown in FIG. 6.

  FIG. 1 shows a heating appliance 100 according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

Heating instrument 100, that have a frame 101. The frame 101 has a back surface 102 that is suitable to be fixed to a substantially vertical wall. The frame 101 also has a casing 103. Both the back surface 102 and the casing 103 delimit an internal volume 104 of the frame 101 that houses the heating element 105.

  The casing 103 has a maximum allowable temperature of Tmax. The maximum temperature, Tmax, is the temperature of the (heating) appliance 100 that exceeds the temperature at which the user is at risk, especially at risk of burns. The maximum temperature Tmax is standardized, for example. The maximum temperature Tmax is input to a data memory of a control device (not shown) in the device 100, for example.

  In one embodiment of the invention, heating element 105 heats air flowing to instrument 100 by convection. The heating element 105 is installed near the back surface 102 of the frame 101. The heating element 105 is composed of, for example, a resistance heating element.

In the example shown in FIG. 1, the casing 103 is Ru comprises a radiating element 106 having a radiation front 107. The radiating element 106 is heated by the heating element 105. The heating element 105 is arranged to heat the radiating element 106 substantially uniformly.

According to one embodiment of the present invention (not shown), the casing 103 includes a plurality of radiating elements 106, a configuration in which each has a radiation front 107 and the heating element 105. The radiating element 106 is arranged such that the radiating front face 107 of the radiating element 106 together forms the front face of the instrument 100.

Casing 103 includes a phase change material 109. The substance 109 is made of, for example, paraffin, alcohol, silica gel, molten salt or hydrated salt (salt hydrate). In the example shown in FIG. 1, the phase change material 109 is specifically located within the radiation element 106.

  The phase change substance 109 has (a characteristic of) the phase change temperature Tφ. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the phase change temperature Tφ is due to the phase change from liquid to solid and from solid to liquid. In other examples, the phase change temperature Tφ is due to a phase change from liquid to gas (gas) and from gas (gas) to liquid.

FIG. 2 shows a change in the temperature Tm of the phase change material 109 during the phase change from the solid to the liquid and from the liquid to the solid according to the received energy E. When the substance 109 is in a solid phase, the temperature Tm is equal to or lower than the phase change temperature Tφ. When the substance 109 receives the energy E while the substance 109 is in a solid phase, the temperature Tm increases. When the temperature Tm of the substance 109 reaches the phase change temperature Tφ, the substance 109 has a solid and a liquid phase at the same time. As a result, the additional energy E received by the substance 109 is stored in the substance 109 without increasing the temperature Tm. The temperature Tm of the substance 109 will be stabilized at the phase change temperature Tφ.
Furthermore, after receiving a certain amount of energy E, the temperature Tm starts to further increase while the substance 109 has a liquid phase. The change in the temperature Tm of the phase change material 109 during the course of a phase change from liquid (gas) to gas (gas) or from gas (gas) to liquid due to the received energy E is similar.

In the example shown in FIG. 1, the substance 109 is disposed inside the closed container 111 forming the radiating element 106.
The container 111 is made of, for example, metal or plastic. According to another embodiment, the container is made of a substance having a cellular (bubble) structure. In yet another example, substance 109 is used to soak another porous solid material. The porous solid substance is desirably a composite substance. The composite soaking material 109 comprises, for example, paraffin used to soak the molten salt encapsulated in ceramic or polymer balls.

  In the example shown in FIG. 1, the heating element 105 is attached to the back surface 108 of the radiating element 106. The heating element 105 comprises, for example, a heating cable or a resistor screen printed on a plastic film. In yet another example, heating element 105 is embedded in phase change material 109 inside vessel 111.

  In the example shown in FIG. 1, the phase change substance 109 is selected such that the phase change temperature Tφ is slightly higher than the maximum temperature Tmax of the casing 103. “Slightly higher” means that the difference between the phase change temperature Tφ and the maximum temperature Tmax does not exceed 30 ° C.

In this configuration, if the temperature of the casing 103 exceeds the maximum allowable temperature Tmax before reaching the phase change temperature Tφ of the substance 109, the substance 109 undergoes a phase change (phase transition). Will maintain the phase change temperature Tφ for a certain period of time. If the heating device 100 is overheated, the temperature rise of the casing 103 is delayed in this way, and thus the risk for the user is limited.

  FIG. 3 shows a heating device 100A according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

Heating 100A is Ru includes a frame 101. The frame 101A has a back surface 102A suitable for being fixed to a substantially vertical wall. The frame 101A also includes a casing 103A. Both the back 102A and the casing 103A define an internal volume 104A of the frame 101A that houses the heating element 105A.

  The casing 103A comprises a radiating element 106A with a radiating front 107A. According to one embodiment of the invention, the radiating element 106A is covered by a honeycomb plate located at a distance from the radiating front 107A. The radiating element 106A is heated by the heating element 105A. The heating element 105A is arranged to heat the radiating element 106A substantially uniformly.

According to one embodiment of the present invention (not shown), the casing 103A is provided with a plurality of radiating elements 106A, a configuration in which each has a heating element 105A and the radiation front 107A. The radiating element 106A is arranged such that the radiating front face 107A of the radiating element 106A together forms the front face of the instrument 100A.

  Heating element 105A is connected to switch 110A. The switch 110A is preferably a triac, that is, a triode for alternating current. Triac 100A is composed of a combination of two thyristors.

In operation, the triac 110A is periodically opened and closed. Electric energy is supplied to the heating element 105A with the triac 110A closed. When the triac 110A is open, no electric energy is supplied to the heating element 105A. In one embodiment of the present invention, the opening and closing times of the triac 110A are equally spaced. In another example, the opening time and the closing time of the triac 110A are not the same.

Triac 110A is controlled by a control device (not shown) in device 100A. Control device may be a microprocessor, a data memory, program memory, and Ru comprising at least one communication bus. The control device is connected to one or a plurality of probes (probe means) for measuring the temperature Tp of the space where the device 100A is installed by the input interface. The control device is also connected to the electronic timepiece by an input interface. The control device is connected to the triac 110A by an output interface.

  When the space temperature Tp reaches the set temperature Tc after the device 100A is started, the control device starts the triac 110A to keep the space temperature Tp at the set temperature Tc. The set temperature Tc is, for example, recorded in advance in a data memory of the control device. The triac 110A then opens and closes at a fixed time interval Δt. The time interval Δt is, for example, recorded in advance in a data memory of the control device. The time interval Δt is set such that the temperature Tf of the radiation front 107A is substantially constant regardless of the open / close cycle of the triac 100A.

FIG. 4 shows the temporal change of the temperature Tf of the radiation front surface of the above-described prior art heating device with a triac during the phase (form) in which the temperature Tp of the space to be heated is maintained at the set temperature Tc. . The gray area below the curve represents the time TRIAC is closed. The time interval between the open and close cycles is short so that the temperature Tf of the radiation front is substantially constant. The time interval is, for example, in the range of 30 to 60 seconds.

Casing 103A is Ru comprises a phase change material 109A. The substance 109A is made of, for example, paraffin, alcohol, silica gel, molten salt or hydrated salt (hydrated salt). In the example shown in FIG. 3, the phase change material 109A is more specifically arranged in the radiating element 106A.

  The phase change material 109A has (a characteristic of) a phase change temperature {φ}. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the phase change temperature {φ} is a solid-to-liquid and liquid-to-solid phase change. In another example, the phase change temperature {φ} is due to a phase change from liquid to gas and from gas to liquid. The properties of the phase change material 109A are the same as those shown in FIG.

  In the example shown in FIG. 3, the substance 109A is specifically arranged in a sealed container 111 forming the radiating element 106. The container 111A is made of, for example, metal or plastic. According to another embodiment, the container is made of a substance having a cellular (bubble) structure. In other examples, substance 109A is used to soak another porous solid material. The porous solid substance is desirably a composite substance. The composite material dipping material 109A comprises, for example, paraffin used to dipped the molten salt encapsulated in ceramic or polymer balls.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the heating element 105A is mounted on the back surface 108A of the radiating element 106A. The heating element 105A is made of, for example, a heating cable or a resistor screen-printed on a plastic film. In yet another example, heating element 105A is embedded in phase change material 109A inside vessel 111A.
In another example shown in FIG. 5, the heating element 105A is made of a resistance wire, and the container 111A has the resistance wire 105A embedded in an electrically insulating and thermally conductive substance 116A, for example, magnesia (magnesium oxide). Contact Ri comprises a partition 115A which, in one or more other compartments 117A is arranged the phase change material 109A. The use of a honeycomb plate 118A covering the radiating element 106A specifically applies to the last embodiment.

  In the example shown in FIG. 3, the phase change material 109A is selected such that the phase change temperature TφA is substantially equal to the required temperature TvA of the radiation front 107A. The required temperature TvA becomes substantially equal to the temperature Tf of the radiation front surface 107A when, for example, the room temperature Tp reaches the set temperature Tc.

Here, the closer to the required temperature T v A, phase change material is a phase change (state) (phase transition), rise or drop in temperature of the radiating front 107A is slower (dull). The radiating front 107A is thus able to maintain a substantially constant temperature, and this time interval Δt is increased with respect to the conventional time interval shown in FIG. Since the frequency of the operation of 110A can be reduced, the heating of the thyristor is reduced (limited).
FIG. 6 shows a temporal change of the phase (form) of the temperature Tf of the radiation front surface 107A of the appliance 100A at the time t while the temperature Tp of the space to be heated is maintained at the set temperature Tc. The gray area below the curve line indicates the time during which the triac 110A is closed. FIG. 6 shows that the temperature Tf of the radiation front 107A changes around the required temperature TvA similarly to FIG. 4 by using the phase change material 109A in the housing 103A of the instrument 100A, and the opening and closing of the thyristor 110A. This indicates that the frequency of the closed cycle is decreasing.

A second embodiment of the present invention is advantageously possible Ru first embodiment and the combination of the present invention. Radiating element 106A is Ru comprises a second phase change material 109 having a slightly higher phase change temperature TφA than the maximum allowable temperature Tmax of the casing 103A. Thus, device 110A shares both the advantages associated with the use of phase change material 109A and the advantages associated with the use of phase change material 109.

  FIG. 7 shows a heating appliance 100B according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

Heating equipment 100B is, Ru includes a frame 101B. The frame 101B has a back surface 102B that is adapted to be fixed to a substantially vertical wall. The frame 101B has a casing 103B. The back surface 102B and the casing 103B both define an internal volume 104B of the frame 101B that houses the heating element 105B.

Casing 103B is Ru comprises a radiating element 106B having a radiation front 107B. According to one embodiment of the present invention, radiating element 106B is covered by a honeycomb plate and is located at a distance from radiating front face 107B. Radiating element 106B is heated by heating element 105B. The heating element 105B is arranged to heat the radiating element 106B substantially uniformly.

According to an embodiment of the present invention (not shown), casing 103B includes a plurality of radiating elements 106B, a structure, each equipped with a heating element 105B and the radiation front 107B. The radiating element 106B is arranged such that the radiating front face 107B of the radiating element 106B together forms the front face of the instrument 100B.

Casing 103B includes a phase change material 109B. The substance 109B is made of, for example, paraffin, alcohol, silica gel, molten salt or hydrated salt (hydrated salt). In the example shown in FIG. 7, the phase change material 109B are arranged in the radiation element 106B is more.

The phase change material 109B is that having a phase change temperature TifaiB (characteristic of). In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the phase change temperature ΤφB is due to a solid-to-liquid and liquid-to-solid phase change. In other examples, the phase change temperature ΤφB is due to a phase change from liquid to gas and from gas to liquid. The properties of the phase change material 109B are the same as those shown in FIG. 2 described above.

Phase change material, that have a generally low thermal conductivity. In other words, phase change materials do not readily transfer heat. Phase change materials generally have a low calorie in a simple phase (solid, liquid or gas) state, but have a high heat capacity during a phase change (solid, liquid or gas) state. In other words, increasing the temperature of the phase change material in a phase change state requires more energy than increasing the temperature of the phase change material in a simple phase state.

In the example shown in FIG. 7, the substance 109B is disposed inside a closed container forming the radiating element 106B. The container 111B is made of, for example, metal or plastic.
According to another embodiment, the container is made of a substance having a cellular (bubble) structure. Also, in another example, substance 109B is used to immerse another porous solid material. Desirably, the porous solid material is a composite material. The composite material dipping material 109B comprises, for example, paraffin used to soak the molten salt encapsulated in ceramic or polymer balls.

In the example shown in FIG. 7, the heating element 105B is attached to the back surface 108B of the radiating element 106B. The heating element 105B comprises, for example, a heating cable or a resistor screen printed on a plastic film. In another example, the heating element 105B is embedded in the phase change material 109B inside the container 111B.
In another example, the heating element 105B comprises a resistive wire and the container 111B comprises a compartment in which the resistive wire is embedded in an electrically insulating and thermally conductive material 116A, such as magnesia (magnesium oxide). Te Contact is, the phase change material 109B to one or more other compartments are arranged. The use of a honeycomb plate covering the radiating element 106B applies specifically to the last example. This example is the same as that shown in FIG. 5 in this embodiment.

In the example shown in FIG. 7, the phase change material 109B is selected such that the phase change temperature TφB is slightly lower than the required temperature TvB of the radiation front surface 107B. The required temperature TvB becomes substantially equal to the temperature Tf of the radiation front 107A when, for example, the room temperature Tp where the appliance 100B is installed reaches the set temperature Tc. “Slightly lower ” means that the difference between the phase change temperature TφB and the required temperature TvB does not exceed 70 ° C. The required temperature TvB is input to, for example, a data memory of a control device (not shown) in the device 100B.

  As described above, the temperature of the heating device 100B rapidly rises and falls gently, thereby improving the user's comfort.

  FIG. 8 shows the change in the temperature Tf of the radiating front face 107B of the instrument 100B over time t, with the temperature of the instrument 100B rising and then falling. FIG. 8 also shows the variation of the temperature Tf over time t of the radiating front of the prior art device in the same state (stage).

  At time axis t11, instrument 100B and the prior art instrument begin to operate, for example.

  The temperature Tf at the radiating front of the prior art instrument rises rapidly until the required temperature TvB is reached, which is steady state.

In a state where the device 100B is actuated, the phase change material 109B disposed in a radiation element 106B is in a state of solid. On the time axis t12, the temperature Tf of the radiation front 107B of the instrument 100B rises sharply to a temperature slightly below the phase change temperature TφB of the substance 109B. On the time axis t12, the substance 109B changes its phase (state): it becomes a state composed of both a solid and a liquid. While the phase (state) of the substance 109B changes, the temperature Tf of the emission front surface 107B increases (progresses) at a slow rate until reaching a temperature slightly higher than the phase change temperature TφB of the substance 109B over the time axis t13. .

  When the phase of the substance 109B changes, the temperature Tf of the radiation front 107B increases at a slow rate because the substance 109B has a low heat capacity at a simple phase and a high heat capacity during the phase change. It is. On the time axis t13, the substance 109B is in a liquid state, and the temperature Tf of the radiation front 107B starts to increase rapidly again until the required temperature TvB, which is approximately stable, is reached.

Therefore, if the phase change temperature TφB of the substance 109B is selected to be slightly lower than the required temperature TvB, the rapid temperature rise of the radiation front 107B is slightly affected. When the temperature of the appliance 100B increases, comfort is provided to the user. At time axis t21, appliance 100B and the prior art appliance are deactivated (off).

  The temperature Tf of the radiating front of the prior art instrument drops sharply until it reaches room temperature, at which time it is stable.

If the instrument 100B is turned off (operation ends), the phase change material 109B disposed in a radiation element 106B is a still liquid state. The temperature Tf of the radiating front surface 107B of the instrument 100B sharply drops on the time axis t22 to a temperature slightly higher than the phase change temperature TφB of the substance 109B. On the time axis t22, the substance 109B changes its phase (state). Until the phase (morphology) of the substance 109B changes, the temperature Tf of the radiating front 107B falls to a temperature slightly lower than the phase change temperature TφB of the substance 109B, more slowly to the time axis t23. On the time axis t23, the substance 109B is in a solid state, and the temperature Tf of the radiation front 107B starts to rapidly decrease again until it reaches room temperature at which the substance 109B becomes substantially stable.

Therefore, by selecting the material 109B having a phase change temperature TφB slightly lower than the required temperature TvB, the temperature drop of the radiation front surface 107B is slowed down by the phase change of the material 109B, and is kept at the phase change temperature TφB for a certain period of time . You. This drop in temperature of the appliance 100B provides comfort to the user.

  FIG. 9 shows a device 100B according to the other embodiment shown in FIG. The other example shown in FIG. 9 is also applicable to the first and second embodiments of the present invention.

In the example shown in FIG. 9, the container 111B is that features several compartments 112B of phase-change material 109B is filled. The container 111B is preferably made of aluminum. Compartment 112B is arranged such that at least one channel 113B is formed that connects radiating front surface 107B and back surface 108B of radiating element 106B. In this example, a plurality of channels 113B are formed in the section 112B. Desirably, channel 113B is substantially planar and vertical (vertical). The channel 113B is formed such that heat from the back surface 108B of the radiating element 106B is easily transmitted to the radiating front surface 107B. In the example shown in FIG. 9, the compartments 112B are arranged such that the channels 114B are formed substantially parallel to the radiating front face 107B.

  In the example shown in FIG. 9, the radiation front 107B is convex. The radiation front 107B has a convex shape from the bottom toward the top. The terms "top" and "bottom" are understood when the device 100B is mounted on a vertical wall. The channel 113B is arranged like a spoke from the back surface 108 of the radiating element 106B to the radiating front surface 107B in a convex shape. Alternatively, the radiating front 107B may be concave from bottom to top. As another example, the radiation front 107B is formed with one or more waveforms.

The third embodiment of the present invention can be effectively combined with the first embodiment of the present invention. Where the radiating element 106B, becomes Rukoto comprises a second phase change material 109 of slightly higher phase change temperature TφA than the maximum temperature Tmax allowed to casing 103B. This allows instrument 110B to share both the benefits of using phase change material 109B and the benefits of using phase change material 109.

The third embodiment of the present invention can be effectively combined with the second embodiment of the present invention. Radiating element 106B where will Rukoto comprises a second phase change material 109A made of the required temperature TvA substantially the same phase change temperature TφA radiation front 107B. The required temperature TvB of the radiation front 107B may be the same as or different from the required temperature TvA of the radiation front 107B. This allows device 110B to share both the benefits of using phase change material 109B and the benefits of using phase change material 109A.

The third embodiment of the present invention can be effectively combined with the first and second embodiments of the present invention. The radiating element 106B here comprises a second phase change material 109 having a phase change temperature Tφ slightly higher than the maximum temperature Tmax allowed for the casing 103B, and a phase change substantially equal to the required temperature TvA of the radiating front 107B. It becomes Rukoto a third phase change materials 109A having a temperature Tifaiei. The required temperature TvB of the radiation front 107B may be the same as the required temperature TvA of the radiation front 107B, or may be different. Thus, the device 110B has the advantages of using the phase change material 109B, the advantages of using the second phase change material 109, and the advantages of using the third phase change material 109A. And will share.

Claims (5)

Electric heater (100B)
A frame, having a casing (103B) defining an internal volume (104B) of the frame and a back surface (102B), said back surface being suitable for being fixed to a substantially vertical wall; A frame (101B);
A heating element (105B) installed in the internal volume of said frame;
Consisting of
The casing is provided with a radiating element (106B) having a radiating front surface (107B). The casing is heated by the heating element that generates heat when supplied with electric energy , and a phase change material is formed in the radiating element. Placed in
A heating appliance, wherein the phase change temperature TφB of the phase change material (109B) is slightly lower than the required temperature TvB of the radiation front surface (107B).   The radiating element (106A) comprises a second phase change material (109) whose phase change temperature Tφ is slightly higher than the maximum temperature Tmax allowed by the casing (103A). The heating appliance according to 1.   Heating according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the radiating element (106B) comprises a third phase change substance (109A) whose phase change temperature TφA is substantially equal to the required temperature TvA of the radiating front (107B). Appliances.   The radiating element forms a closed container (111B) having several compartments (112B), in which the phase change material is arranged and filled, connecting the radiating front face and the rear face of the radiating element (108B). 4. A heating appliance according to claim 1, wherein the compartment is configured such that at least one channel (113B) is formed.   5. A heating appliance according to claim 4, wherein the compartment (112B) is arranged to form at least one channel (114B) arranged substantially parallel to the radiating front.