JP6624488B2 - アンモニア燃料電池用電極触媒の製造方法、アンモニア燃料電池用電極触媒、およびアンモニア燃料電池 - Google Patents
アンモニア燃料電池用電極触媒の製造方法、アンモニア燃料電池用電極触媒、およびアンモニア燃料電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6624488B2 JP6624488B2 JP2015125933A JP2015125933A JP6624488B2 JP 6624488 B2 JP6624488 B2 JP 6624488B2 JP 2015125933 A JP2015125933 A JP 2015125933A JP 2015125933 A JP2015125933 A JP 2015125933A JP 6624488 B2 JP6624488 B2 JP 6624488B2
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 189
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 94
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 72
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 70
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 153
- MUMZUERVLWJKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoplatinum Chemical compound [Pt]=O MUMZUERVLWJKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 104
- 229910003446 platinum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 104
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 66
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 60
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 75
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 50
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 34
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 34
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 32
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 30
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 25
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 16
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000010718 Oxidation Activity Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 8
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004453 electron probe microanalysis Methods 0.000 description 6
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 6
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- CFQCIHVMOFOCGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru].[Pt] CFQCIHVMOFOCGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002484 cyclic voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003411 electrode reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 hydroxide ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C60 fullerene Chemical compound C12=C3C(C4=C56)=C7C8=C5C5=C9C%10=C6C6=C4C1=C1C4=C6C6=C%10C%10=C9C9=C%11C5=C8C5=C8C7=C3C3=C7C2=C1C1=C2C4=C6C4=C%10C6=C9C9=C%11C5=C5C8=C3C3=C7C1=C1C2=C4C6=C2C9=C5C3=C12 XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003472 fullerene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052743 krypton Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N krypton atom Chemical compound [Kr] DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001755 magnetron sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003058 platinum compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001197 polyacetylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005597 polymer membrane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005546 reactive sputtering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013077 target material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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- Catalysts (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Description
まず、本実施形態に係るアンモニア燃料電池の一例について説明する。
アノード側:4NH3+12OH−→2N2+12H2O+12e− …(1)、
カソード側:6H2O+3O2+12e−→12OH− …(2)、
全反応:4NH3+3O2→2N2+6H2O …(3)。
本実施形態に係るアノード触媒について説明する。アノード触媒は上記アンモニア燃料電池に使用される。
アノード側燃料拡散層13およびカソード側ガス拡散層18は、電極反応を効率よく行わせるために、燃料および空気を燃料極および空気極のそれぞれの触媒層中の電極反応領域へ、電池面内で均一に充分に供給する。それとともに(1)および(2)式に示した電極反応によって生じる電荷を単セル外部に放出させ、さらに反応生成水や未反応ガスを単セル外部に効率よく排出する役割を担う。拡散層の構成材料としては、電子伝導性を有する多孔質体、たとえばカーボンクロスやカーボンペーパーが使用される。
白金酸化物薄膜はスパッタ法により以下のとおり作製した。図2はスパッタ装置の構成を示す概略図である。なお、ここで説明するスパッタ装置はあくまでも本実施例を行うための一例であり、本発明がこのスパッタ装置を用いることに限定されるものではない。
上記のようにしてスパッタにより得られた白金薄膜または白金酸化物薄膜の電気化学的特性の測定と評価を行った。電気化学的特性の測定は、アノード分極測定装置を用いた。図3は、アノード分極測定装置を説明するための概略図である。なお、ここで説明するアノード分極測定装置はあくまでも本実施例を行うための一例であり、本発明がこのアノード分極測定装置を用いることに限定されるものではない。
O/Pt比=(Oの重量%/Oの原子量16.00)÷(Ptの重量%/Ptの原子量195.1) …(4)。
12 アノード触媒、
13 アノード側燃料拡散層、
14 燃料槽、
15 インレット(アンモニアガスの入口)、
16 アウトレット、
17 カソード触媒、
18 カソード側ガス拡散層、
19 空気槽、
21 インレット(酸素または空気と水または水蒸気の入口)、
22 アウトレット、
23 アノード、
24 カソード、
25 導電線、
26 負荷、
100 スパッタ装置、
101 真空チャンバー、
102 酸素ガスボンベ、
103 アルゴンガスボンベ、
110 ターゲット、
111 磁石、
112 基材(チタンロッド)、
113 白金薄膜または白金酸化物薄膜、
200 アノード分極測定装置、
201 第1浴、
202 第2浴、
205 対極、
206 塩橋、
210 回転ディスク電極、
220 参照極、
230 ポテンショスタット、
250 試料。
Claims (4)
- アンモニアを含む燃料を使用する燃料電池のアノード触媒の製造方法であって、
白金酸化物を作製する段階と、
前記白金酸化物に対して還元処理を行う段階と、
を有する、アンモニア燃料電池用電極触媒の製造方法。 - 前記白金酸化物を作製する段階は、不活性ガス中の酸素濃度50〜100容量%によるスパッタ法を用いて白金に対して酸素を反応させることで前記白金酸化物を生成する、請求項1に記載のアンモニア燃料電池用電極触媒の製造方法。
- 前記白金酸化物を作製する段階は、不活性ガス中の酸素濃度70〜90容量%によるスパッタ法を用いて白金に対して酸素を反応させることで前記白金酸化物を生成する、請求項2に記載のアンモニア燃料電池用電極触媒の製造方法。
- 前記白金酸化物に対して還元処理を行う段階は、0.4〜1.0Cの電気量により電気還元する、請求項1〜3のいずれか一つに記載のアンモニア燃料電池用電極触媒の製造方法。
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US7871955B2 (en) * | 2004-04-09 | 2011-01-18 | Basf Fuel Cell Gmbh | Platinum catalysts from in situ formed platinum dioxide |
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JP2008234941A (ja) * | 2007-03-19 | 2008-10-02 | Canon Inc | 多孔質触媒層の製造方法、膜電極接合体の製造方法および固体高分子型燃料電池の製造方法 |
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