JP6618184B2 - High voltage generator - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a charging device for charging a secondary battery using an AC power source, a discharging device for supplying AC power to an AC device using the secondary battery, and a high voltage direct current using the discharging device. The present invention relates to a high voltage generator that generates electric power.

  A battery uses chemical energy generated by a chemical reaction between a positive electrode active material and a negative electrode active material via an electrolyte as electric energy, and is roughly classified into a primary battery and a secondary battery. A primary battery refers to a battery that can not be charged once discharged, so to speak, a secondary battery refers to a battery that can be repeatedly charged and discharged. Due to such properties, the secondary battery is also referred to as a storage battery.

  Secondary batteries are used as power sources for small consumer devices such as personal digital assistants, portable electronic devices, portable music players, and digital cameras, as well as electric bicycles, hybrid electric vehicles (HEV), unmanned airplanes called drones, etc. In addition, the battery is used in various fields as a power storage device incorporated in a power generation device using natural energy (renewable energy) such as solar power generation or wind power generation (see Patent Documents 1 and 2, etc.) ).

The secondary battery is charged by, for example, setting the secondary battery in a charging device connected to a commercial AC power source. The charging device includes a power conditioner (converter) that converts an alternating current into a direct current. The alternating current from a commercial alternating current power source is converted into a direct current, and then supplied between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the secondary battery.
On the other hand, the above-described small consumer devices and electric vehicles are usually driven by alternating current. In order to drive such an AC drive device with a DC current discharged from the secondary battery, it is necessary to convert the DC current into an AC current by a power conditioner (inverter) or the like.

  In other words, in order to use a secondary battery for driving an AC drive device, it is necessary to perform two-stage power conversion: conversion from AC power to DC power (charging) and conversion from DC power to AC power (discharge). Become. The power conversion efficiency from DC to AC by the inverter or from AC to DC by the converter is about 80% to 90%, and does not reach 100%. Therefore, there has been a problem that power utilization efficiency is poor.

JP 2012-221670 A JP 2013-069431 A

  The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a charging device, a discharging device, and a high voltage generating device that can increase the energy utilization efficiency by eliminating the loss of power energy during charging and discharging.

The present invention made to solve the above problems
A charging device for charging a pair of secondary batteries composed of a first battery and a second battery using an AC power source,
a) One end is connected to one of the pair of output ends of the AC power source, the other end is connected to the positive electrode of the first battery, and one end is the AC A first negative electrode terminal connected to the other output end of the power source, the other end connected to the negative electrode of the first battery;
b) One end is connected to one output end of the AC power source, the other end is connected to the negative electrode terminal of the second battery, and one end is connected to the AC power source. A second positive terminal connected to the other output end, the other end connected to the positive electrode of the second battery;
c) When electrons are emitted from the other output terminal of the AC power supply, the pair of output terminals of the AC power supply and the first battery are connected, and the pair of output terminals of the AC power supply and the second battery are connected. When electrons are emitted from one output end of the AC power source when the first state is switched to the disconnected state, the pair of output ends of the AC power source and the second battery are connected, and the pair of AC power sources And switching means for switching to a second state where the first battery is in a disconnected state.

  The switching means switches between the first state and the second state according to the direction of electrons moving from the AC power source toward the secondary battery, that is, according to the period of the power waveform output from the AC power source. In this case, the switching means is, for example, a switch circuit provided between one output end of the AC power source and the first positive electrode terminal, and between one output end of the AC power source and the second negative electrode terminal, or AC A switch circuit provided between the other output terminal of the power supply and the first negative electrode terminal, and between the other output terminal of the AC power supply and the second positive electrode terminal, and a detection circuit for detecting the period of the power waveform of the AC power supply And a control circuit for turning on and off the switch circuit in accordance with the detection result of the detection circuit. When a diode is used as the switch circuit, the detection circuit and the control circuit can be omitted.

Further, the present invention is a discharge device for discharging from a pair of secondary batteries comprising a first battery and a second battery,
a) One end is connected to one of the pair of input ends of the load, the other end is connected to the positive electrode of the first battery, and one end is connected to the load. A first negative electrode terminal connected to the other input terminal of the first battery, and having the other end connected to the negative electrode of the first battery;
b) One end is connected to one input end of the load, the other end is connected to the negative terminal of the second battery, and one end is the other end of the load. A second positive electrode terminal connected to the input end and having the other end connected to the positive electrode of the second battery;
c) a first state in which the pair of input terminals of the load and the first battery are connected, and a pair of input terminals of the load and the second battery are in a disconnected state; and a pair of inputs of the load And switching means for alternately switching between a pair of input terminals of the load and a second state in which the first battery is in a non-connected state.

  The switching means is, for example, a switch circuit provided between one input terminal of the load and the first positive terminal, and between one input terminal of the load and the second negative terminal, or the other input of the load. A switch circuit provided between the terminal and the first negative electrode terminal, and between the other input terminal of the load and the second positive electrode terminal, and a control circuit for turning on and off the switch circuit can be configured.

The high voltage generator according to the present invention is
a) a pair of batteries comprising a first battery and a second battery;
b) a pair of output terminals comprising a first output terminal and a second output terminal ;
c) First positive electrode terminal and first negative electrode terminal connected to the positive electrode and negative electrode of the first battery, respectively, and second positive electrode terminal and second negative electrode connected to the positive electrode and negative electrode of the second battery, respectively. A terminal,
d) provided between said first output terminal and the first positive electrode terminal and the second negative terminal, wherein the first output terminal the first positive electrode terminal are in connected state and the second A first state in which one output terminal and the second negative terminal are disconnected; a first output terminal and the second negative terminal are connected; and the first output terminal and the first positive terminal First switching means for alternately switching to a second state in which the terminal for connection is disconnected ,
e) provided between the second said output terminal first negative electrode terminal and the second positive electrode terminal, wherein the second output terminal a first negative electrode terminal are in connected state and the second A first state in which the output terminal and the second positive terminal are disconnected; a second output terminal and the second positive terminal are connected; and the second output terminal and the first negative terminal A second switching means for alternately switching to a second state in which is disconnected.
f) The first switching means and the second switching means synchronously switch from the first state to the second state and from the second state to the first state. Control means for controlling the switching means;
and g) a high voltage generation circuit connected to the first and second output terminals.

  The high voltage generation circuit can be constituted by a Cockcroft-Walton circuit or a multistage rectifier capacitor (capacitor) circuit similar to the Cockcroft-Walton circuit.

  The charging device according to the present invention is characterized in that AC power output from an AC power source is alternately charged to a pair of secondary batteries including a first battery and a second battery. Moreover, the discharge device according to the present invention is characterized in that AC power is generated by alternately discharging from a pair of secondary batteries including a first battery and a second battery. Furthermore, the high voltage generator according to the present invention generates AC power by alternately discharging a pair of secondary batteries including the first battery and the second battery, and the AC power is generated as in a Cockcroft-Walton circuit. A high voltage DC power is generated by a multi-stage rectifier capacitor circuit. In any of the charging device, the discharging device, and the high voltage generating device, one secondary battery may be used as the first battery and the second battery, and the secondary battery includes a plurality of secondary batteries connected in parallel or in series. A battery group may be used.

  Examples of a secondary battery that is charged using the charging device, a secondary battery that is discharged using the discharging device, and a secondary battery that generates high-voltage DC power using the high-voltage generating device include: Lithium secondary battery, sodium sulfur secondary battery, nickel metal hydride secondary battery, nickel cadmium battery, lead acid battery, and all-solid-state battery called next generation secondary battery, sodium ion battery, lithium-air battery, multivalent ion battery , Organic positive electrode battery, sulfur battery and the like.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to charge a secondary battery with AC power supplied from an AC power supply without going through a power conditioner. Further, AC power can be discharged from the secondary battery to the AC driving device without using a power conditioner. For this reason, the loss of electric power energy at the time of charge and discharge can be eliminated.

Conventionally, four diodes are required to convert alternating current (single-phase alternating current) into direct current, and four transistors are required to convert direct current into alternating current. Furthermore, since the algorithms and circuit configurations for conversion from direct current to alternating current and alternating current to direct current are different, it is difficult to construct a device that has both a charging function and a discharging function. I must.
On the other hand, in the present invention, two to three switch circuits are connected to two battery groups, and these switch circuits are switched on and off to change from an alternating current (single-phase alternating current) to a direct current, To AC current. In addition, since conversion from AC to DC and conversion from DC to AC are performed with the same algorithm and the same circuit configuration, a bidirectional conversion function, that is, a device having both a charging function and a discharging function, can be easily and compactly configured. can do.

The schematic block diagram of the charging device which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention is shown, (a) shows a 1st state and (b) shows a 2nd state. The schematic block diagram which shows the modification of the charging device which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention. The schematic block diagram of the discharge device which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention is shown, (a) shows a 1st state and (b) shows a 2nd state. The schematic block diagram which shows the modification of the discharge device which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention. The schematic block diagram of the charging device which concerns on 3rd Embodiment of this invention is shown, (a) shows a 1st state and (b) shows a 2nd state.

Hereinafter, several embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
<First Embodiment>
As shown in FIG. 1, the charging device according to the first embodiment of the present invention applies AC power output from an AC power source 1 to a first battery 2 made of a secondary battery and a second battery 3 made of a secondary battery. A device for charging, the first and second output lines 11 and 12 connected to the pair of output terminals 1a and 1b of the AC power supply 1, and the first positive electrode connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the first battery 2. And a second negative electrode terminal 15 and a second negative electrode terminal 16 connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the second battery 3. In FIG. 1, each of the first battery 2 and the second battery 3 is shown as one secondary battery, but the first battery 2 and the second battery 3 may be a plurality of two batteries connected in parallel or in series. It is good also as a battery group which consists of a secondary battery. The same applies to other embodiments.

  The first output line 11 branches into an output line 111 and an output line 112, and the first positive terminal 13 is connected to the end of the output line 111, and the second negative terminal 16 is connected to the end of the output line 112. ing. The output line 111 is provided with a first switch circuit 17, and the output line 112 is provided with a second switch circuit 18. Each of the first switch circuit 17 and the second switch circuit 18 is a one-circuit one-contact switch. The first switch circuit 17 switches the output terminal 1a of the AC power source 1 and the first positive electrode terminal 13 between a connected state and a non-connected state, and the second switch circuit 18 outputs the output terminal 1a of the AC power source 1 and the second negative electrode terminal. 16 is switched between a connected state and a disconnected state.

  Between the first negative electrode terminal 14 and the second positive electrode terminal 15, a third switch circuit 19 comprising a one-circuit two-contact switch is provided. The first negative terminal 14 and the second positive terminal 15 are connected to the second output line 12 via the third switch circuit 19. The third switch circuit 19 switches between a state in which the second output line 12 and the first negative terminal 14 are connected, and a state in which the second output line 12 and the second positive terminal 15 are connected.

  The operations of the first to third switch circuits 17 to 19 are controlled by the control circuit 20. In the present embodiment, the control circuit 20 and the first to third switch circuits 17 to 19 function as switching means. The control circuit 20 controls the operations of the first to third switch circuits 17 to 19 in synchronization with the power waveform output from the AC power supply 1. Specifically, the control circuit 20 includes a detection unit that detects the direction of the alternating current output from the alternating current power supply 1, and as shown in FIG. During the period in which electrons move through the circuit toward the output terminal 1a, the first switch circuit 17 is closed and the second switch circuit 18 is opened, and the third switch circuit 19 is connected to the output line 12 and the first negative electrode. The first state in which the terminal 14 is connected is set. Thereby, a cation moves in the electrolyte from the positive electrode of the first battery 2 toward the negative electrode, and the first battery 2 is charged.

  On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 1B, during the period in which electrons move from the output terminal 1a of the AC power source 1 through the external circuit toward the output terminal 1b, the first switch circuit 17 is opened and the second switch is opened. The circuit 18 is closed. Further, the third switch circuit 19 is set to the second state in which the output line 12 and the second positive terminal 15 are connected. Thereby, the cation moves from the positive electrode of the second battery 3 toward the negative electrode, and the second battery 3 is charged.

  As described above, in this embodiment, the first state and the second state are alternately switched according to the moving direction of the electrons in the output lines 11 and 12 so that electrons are supplied to the negative electrode of either of the two secondary batteries. Therefore, AC power can be charged to the secondary battery without using a power conditioner for converting AC current from the AC power source into DC current.

  In the above embodiment, the switching means is constituted by the three switch circuits 17 to 19 and the control circuit 20, but as shown in FIGS. 2 (a) and 2 (b), the two switch circuits and the control circuit are provided. Alternatively, the switching means may be configured. That is, in FIG. 2 (a), the switching means is constituted by the switch circuit 31 comprising the one-circuit two-contact switch provided at the branch portion of the output line 11 and the output lines 111, 112, the switch circuit 19, and the control circuit 20. An example is shown. FIG. 2B shows an example in which the switching circuit is configured by the switch circuits 17 and 18 and the control circuit 20 without the switch circuit 19.

In any of the examples shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, the other configurations are the same as those in the first embodiment, and thus the same reference numerals are given and the description thereof is omitted. Also in the configurations shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, the same operations and effects as those of the first embodiment can be obtained.
In the example shown in FIG. 2B, when a diode switch is used as the switch circuit, the control circuit and the detection unit are not necessary. Moreover, it is desirable that the anode material of the first battery 2 and the cathode material of the second battery 3 are made of the same electrode active material.

Second Embodiment
As shown in FIG. 3, the discharge device according to the second embodiment of the present invention is for supplying AC power to a load 41 using two secondary batteries including a first battery 2 and a second battery 3. The first and second output lines 51 and 52 connected to the pair of input terminals 41a and 41b of the load 411, the first positive electrode terminal 53 connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the first battery 2, and the first The first negative electrode terminal 54, the second positive electrode terminal 55 and the second negative electrode terminal 56 connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the second battery 3 are provided.

The first output line 51 is branched into an output line 511 and an output line 512, and a first positive terminal 53 is connected to the end of the output line 511, and a second negative terminal 56 is connected to the end of the output line 512. ing. The output line 511 is provided with a first switch circuit 57, and the output line 512 is provided with a second switch circuit 58. Each of the first switch circuit 57 and the second switch circuit 58 includes a one-circuit one-contact switch. The first switch circuit 57 connects the input end 41a and the first positive electrode terminal 3 of the load 41 state, switched to the disconnected state, the second switch circuit 5-8 inputs 41a and the second negative electrode terminal of the load 41 5 and 6 are switched to a connected state and a non-connected state.

Between the first negative electrode terminal 54 and the second positive electrode terminal 55, a third switch circuit 59 comprising a one-circuit two-contact switch is provided. The first negative terminal 54 and the second positive terminal 55 are connected to the second output line 512 via the third switch circuit 59. The third switch circuit 59, a state in which the second output line 5 2 and the first negative electrode terminal 54 is connected, is switched to a state where the second output line 5 2 and the second positive electrode terminal 55 is connected.

The operations of the first to third switch circuits 57 to 59 are controlled by the control circuit 60. In the present embodiment, the control circuit 60 and the first to third switch circuits 57 to 59 function as switching means. The control circuit 60 closes the first switch circuit 57 and opens the second switch circuit 58 shown in FIG. 3A, and connects the output line 52 and the first negative terminal 54 to the third switch circuit 59. As shown in FIG. 3B, the first switch circuit 57 is opened and the second switch circuit 58 is closed, and the third switch circuit 59 is connected to the output line 52 and the second positive terminal 55. Are alternately switched to the second state. Thus, the first batteries 2 and the second batteries 3 is discharged alternately supplied to the load is an AC current flowing in opposite directions.

In the second embodiment, the switching means is constituted by the three switch circuits 57 to 59 and the control circuit 60. However, as shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, the two switch circuits Switching means may be configured from the control circuit. That is, in FIG. 4A, the switching means is constituted by the switch circuit 61, the switch circuit 59, and the control circuit 60, each of which includes a one-circuit two-contact switch provided at the branch portion of the output line 51 and the output lines 511, 512. An example is shown. FIG. 4B shows an example in which the switch circuit 59 is eliminated and the switching circuits 57 and 58 and the control circuit 60 constitute the switching means.
In any of the examples shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, the same operations and effects as in the second embodiment can be obtained.

  Moreover, as can be seen from the comparison of FIGS. 1, 2 and FIGS. Therefore, the charging device or discharging device shown in FIG. 1 can be used as a charging / discharging device.

<Third Embodiment>
The high-voltage generator 100 according to the third embodiment of the present invention includes an AC power generation unit 110 that generates AC power from the first battery 2 and the second battery 3, and an AC generated by the AC power generation unit 110. The high-voltage generator 120 generates high-voltage DC power from the power. The AC power generation unit 110 includes a pair of output lines 104 and 105, a first positive electrode terminal 153 and a first negative electrode terminal 154 connected to a positive electrode and a negative electrode of the first battery 2, and a positive electrode of the second battery 3 and A second positive electrode terminal 155 and a second negative electrode terminal 156 connected to the negative electrode are provided.

  One of the pair of output lines 104 (output line 104) and the first positive electrode terminal 153 and the second negative electrode terminal 156 are connected via branch lines 1041 and 1042, respectively. The branch lines 1041 and 1042 are provided with a first switch circuit 157 and a second switch circuit 158, respectively. A third switch circuit 159 is provided between the other output line 105 and the first negative terminal 154 and the second positive terminal 155.

Each of the first switch circuit 157 and the second switch circuit 158 includes a one-circuit one-contact switch. The first switch circuit 157 switches the output line 104 and the first positive terminal 1 5 3 between the connected state and the disconnected state, and the second switch circuit 148 connects the output line 104 and the second negative terminal 1 5 6. Switch between state and disconnected state.

  The third switch circuit 159 is composed of one circuit and two contact switches. The third switch circuit 159 switches between a state in which the other output line 152 and the first negative terminal 154 are connected, and a state in which the second output line 152 and the second positive terminal 155 are connected.

The high voltage generation unit 120 includes a Cockcroft-Walton circuit (CW circuit) including a plurality of diodes D1 to Dn and a plurality of capacitors (capacitors) C1 to Cn connected in series. A pair of output terminals of said AC power generating unit 110 is connected to a pair of input terminals of the CW circuit.

The operations of the first to third switch circuits 157 to 159 are controlled by the control circuit 160. In the present embodiment, the control circuit 160 and the first to third switch circuits 157 to 159 function as switching means. The control circuit 160 is in the first state shown in FIG. 5A (the first switch circuit 157 is closed, the second switch circuit 158 is opened, and the third switch circuit 159 is connected to the output line 105 and the first negative electrode. A state in which the terminal 154 is connected) and a second state shown in FIG. 5B (the first switch circuit 157 is opened, the second switch circuit 158 is closed, and the third switch circuit 159 is connected to the output line 105 . The state is alternately switched to a state in which the second positive electrode terminal 55 is connected. As a result, the first batteries 2 and the second batteries 3 is discharged alternately, an AC power from a pair of output lines 104 and 105 is supplied to the high voltage generator 120. As a result, high voltage DC power is output from the high voltage generator 120.

In the third embodiment, a configuration similar to the circuit configuration of the discharge device illustrated in FIG. 3 is employed as the configuration of the AC power generation unit 110, but a configuration similar to the circuit configuration of the discharge device illustrated in FIG. 4 is employed. It is also possible to do.

  Furthermore, in each of the first to third embodiments described above, one secondary battery is used as the first battery and the second battery, but a battery group including a plurality of secondary batteries connected in parallel or in series. May be used as the first battery and the second battery. In this case, as the secondary battery, for example, a lithium secondary battery, a sodium sulfur secondary battery, a nickel hydride secondary battery, a nickel cadmium battery, a lead storage battery, and an all-solid battery, sodium, which is called a next generation secondary battery, are preferable. An ion battery, a lithium-air battery, a polyvalent ion battery, an organic positive electrode battery, a sulfur battery, and the like are preferable.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... AC power supply 1a, 1b ... Output end 2 ... 1st battery (secondary battery)
3. Second battery (secondary battery)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11, 12, 111, 112 ... Output line 13 ... 1st positive electrode terminal 14 ... 1st negative electrode terminal 15 ... 2nd positive electrode terminal 16 ... 2nd negative electrode terminals 17-19 ... Switch circuit 20, 60, 160 ... Control circuit 41 ... Loads 51, 52, 511, 512 ... Output lines 53, 153 ... First positive terminal 54, 154 ... First negative terminal 55, 155 ... Second positive terminal 56, 156 ... Second negative electrode Terminals 57 to 59, 157 to 159 ... Switch circuit 100 ... High voltage generators 104, 105 ... Output line 110 ... AC power generator 120 ... High voltage generator

Claims (1)

a) a pair of batteries comprising a first battery and a second battery;
b) a pair of output terminals comprising a first output terminal and a second output terminal ;
c) First positive electrode terminal and first negative electrode terminal connected to the positive electrode and negative electrode of the first battery, respectively, and second positive electrode terminal and second negative electrode connected to the positive electrode and negative electrode of the second battery, respectively. A terminal,
d) provided between said first output terminal and the first positive electrode terminal and the second negative terminal, wherein the first output terminal the first positive electrode terminal are in connected state and the second A first state in which one output terminal and the second negative terminal are disconnected; a first output terminal and the second negative terminal are connected; and the first output terminal and the first positive terminal First switching means for alternately switching to a second state in which the terminal for connection is disconnected ,
e) provided between the second said output terminal first negative electrode terminal and the second positive electrode terminal, wherein the second output terminal a first negative electrode terminal are in connected state and the second A first state in which the output terminal and the second positive terminal are disconnected; a second output terminal and the second positive terminal are connected; and the second output terminal and the first negative terminal A second switching means for alternately switching to a second state in which is disconnected.
f) The first switching means and the second switching means synchronously switch from the first state to the second state and from the second state to the first state. Control means for controlling the switching means;
g) a high voltage generation circuit comprising a multi-stage rectifier capacitor circuit connected to the first and second output terminals.

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