JP6613721B2 - Toroidal coil motor - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an electric motor having a toroidally wound coil, and more particularly to the structure of the coil.

  There is known an electric motor having a coil wound around an annular portion of a core, that is, a so-called toroidal coil. In the following Patent Document 1, an annular stator (18) having a toroidal coil, and an outer rotor (16d) and an inner rotor (16e) that face the outer peripheral surface and inner peripheral surface of the stator (18), respectively. An electric motor having a rotor (16) containing is described. Thus, the toroidal coil motor can be provided with a plurality of opposing surfaces of the rotor and the stator. In addition, the code | symbol in () in the above is a code | symbol used by the following patent document 1, and is not related with the code | symbol used by description of embodiment of this application.

JP 2013-46479 A

  In the toroidal coil, a portion located on a surface not facing an element (for example, a rotor) which is a counterpart of an element (for example, a stator) provided with the coil does not contribute to the generation of torque. If the coil conductor of this part can be shortened, copper loss can be reduced.

  An object of the present invention is to shorten a coil conductor in a toroidal coil motor.

The toroidal coil motor according to the present invention includes a first element that generates a moving magnetic field and a second element that moves relative to the first element by the moving magnetic field. The first element has a first element core and a coil that is toroidally wound around the first element core, and a moving magnetic field is formed by energizing the coil. The first winding end and the second winding end, which are both ends of the portion of the coil conductor that forms the coil, are non-opposing portions of the coil that are disposed on the surface of the first element core that does not face the second element. Located in the part. Furthermore, the first winding end and the second winding end are located away from each other in the direction in which the coil conducting wire extends, and the number of coil conducting wires between the positions of the first winding end and the second winding end is smaller than in other portions. . The first winding end of each coil is located on the first side in the non-opposing portion of the coil, and the second winding end is located on the second side opposite to the first winding end. Each coil of the coils connected in series is connected to one adjacent coil and one winding end of the first winding end and the second winding end, and the other winding end is connected to another adjacent coil. It is connected to the other winding end or power line or neutral point.

Since the first winding end and the second winding end of the coil conducting wire are located apart from each other in the non-opposing portion, the length of the portion of the coil conducting wire forming the coil can be shortened. In addition, for coils connected in series, one adjacent coil and the first winding end are connected to each other, and the other adjacent coil and the second winding end are connected to each other to connect the coils of the coil conductors. It is possible to shorten the length of the portion.

Furthermore, in the coils connected in series, the adjacent coils can have the coil conductors wound in opposite directions.

In the coils connected in series, the length of the portion where the coils are connected can also be shortened by making the winding directions of adjacent coils opposite to each other.

  By reducing the length of the coil conductor, copper loss is reduced.

It is sectional drawing which shows schematic structure of the electric motor of this embodiment. It is a perspective view which shows schematic structure of a stator core. It is a schematic diagram which shows the principal part structure of a stator core. It is a schematic diagram which shows the principal part structure of a stator core. It is a schematic diagram which shows the connection aspect of a coil. It is a schematic diagram which shows the other connection aspect of a coil. It is explanatory drawing regarding the winding direction of a coil. It is a figure which shows schematic structure of the electric motor of other embodiment.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Hereinafter, a rotary electric motor having two elements that are coaxially arranged and relatively rotate will be described. However, the present invention can be applied to other types of electric motors such as a linear electric motor having a first element extending along a straight line or a free curve and a second element moving along the first element.

  FIG. 1 is a view showing a cross section including a rotation axis of a toroidal coil motor (hereinafter, referred to as an electric motor 10). The electric motor 10 includes an annular stator 14 fixed to the case 12 and a rotor 18 fixed to the output shaft 16. The stator 14 includes a toroidally wound coil 20, and a rotating magnetic field is formed by energizing the coil 20. The rotor 18 includes a cylindrical portion 22 and two disk portions 24, and permanent magnets 26 and 28 are respectively disposed. The rotating magnetic field formed by the stator 14 and the permanent magnets 26 and 28 interact to rotate the rotor 18 about the output shaft 16. Therefore, the stator 14 is an element that forms a moving magnetic field of the two elements of the electric motor that moves relatively, and the rotor 18 is the other element that moves by the moving magnetic field.

  Hereinafter, the center line of the output shaft 16 is referred to as a rotation axis, the direction in which the rotation axis extends is referred to as a rotation axis direction, the direction orthogonal to the rotation axis is referred to as a radial direction, and the direction around the rotation axis is referred to as a circumferential direction. In addition, words representing directions and directions such as up, down, left, and right represent directions and directions in the drawing, and are not related to directions and directions in the usage state.

  The cylindrical portion 22 of the rotor 18 is located on the radially inner side of the stator 14, and the outer peripheral surface of the cylinder faces the stator 14. A permanent magnet 26 is embedded in the outer peripheral portion of the cylindrical portion 22. The permanent magnets 26 are arranged in the circumferential direction so that the polarities of the magnetic poles formed by the permanent magnets 26 are alternate. The two disk portions 24 are arranged so as to sandwich the stator 14 in the rotation axis direction, and a permanent magnet 28 is fixed on a surface facing the stator 14. The permanent magnets 28 are arranged in the circumferential direction so that the polarities of the magnetic poles formed by the permanent magnets 28 are alternate.

  The stator 14 has a substantially annular stator core 30. The stator core 30 has an annular yoke 32 and teeth 34 and 36 extending from the yoke 32 toward positions where the permanent magnets 26 and 28 of the rotor are disposed. The teeth that extend radially inward from the yoke 32 are referred to as radial teeth 34. The distal end of the radial teeth 34 faces the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical portion 22 of the rotor. The teeth extending in the direction of the rotation axis from the yoke 32 toward the two disk portions 24 are referred to as axial teeth 36.

  FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of the stator core 30. FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a state in which the stator 14 is viewed along the circumferential direction. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a state in which the stator 14 is viewed from the outside in the radial direction.

  The outer peripheral surface of the stator core 30 (the right side surface in FIG. 3, the surface appearing in FIG. 4) does not face the rotor 18, and this surface is hereinafter referred to as a non-facing surface 38. The coil 20 is formed by winding a coil conductor around the yoke 32. As shown in FIG. 4, the coils 20 are arranged in the order of a U− phase coil 20U−, a V + phase coil 20V +, a W− phase coil 20W−, a U + phase coil 20U +,. The U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase coils are connected by a crossover 40 for each phase. In FIG. 4, only the connecting wire 40 connecting the coil 20U− and the coil 20U + is shown, and the connecting wires of other phases are omitted. When the plurality of coils 20 are formed by a single coil conductor, the coil conductor between the coils 20 becomes the crossover 40. Alternatively, one coil 20 may be formed by one coil conductor, and portions extending from the coil 20 of the coil conductor may be connected to each other. In this case, a portion extending from the coil 20 of the coil lead wire becomes the crossover wire 40. Further, one coil 20 may be formed by one coil conductor, and the coils 20 may be connected by another conductor or conductor. In this case, another conductor or conductor becomes the connecting wire 40.

  Of the coil 20, the non-facing portion 42, which is a portion disposed corresponding to the non-facing surface 38, does not directly contribute to the generation of torque. Therefore, the torque generated by the electric motor 10 does not decrease even if the number of turns of the coil of the non-opposing portion 42, that is, the number of coil conductors, is smaller than the other portions. Therefore, the coil conductor is not wound to the position where the coil 20 is started to be wound. The coil conducting wire forming the coil 20 is shortened by the amount not reaching the winding start position.

  In FIG. 3, both ends of a portion of the coil conductor forming the coil 20 are indicated by reference numerals 44 and 46. The upper winding end is referred to as a first winding end 44, and the lower winding end is referred to as a second winding end 46. The first winding end 44 and the second winding end 46 are located away from each other in the non-opposing portion 42 of the coil 20, and the number of coil conductors in the portion between them is one less than the number of the other portions. . In this embodiment, the first winding end 44 is located at the upper end of the non-opposing portion 42 of the coil, and the second winding end 46 is located at the lower end of the non-opposing portion 42. As shown in FIG. 4, in each coil 20, as described above, the first winding end 44 and the second winding end 46 are located apart from each other, particularly at the upper and lower ends of the non-opposing portion 42 of the coil. .

  FIG. 5 is a view showing a connection mode of the coils 20 having the same phase, and shows a state in which the stator 14 is viewed from the outer peripheral side to the inner side in the circumferential direction. The four coils 20-1, 20-2, 20-3, 20-4 connected in series in the U-phase are connected at the winding ends where adjacent coils are on the same side. When it is necessary to distinguish each coil 20, subscripts -1, -2, -3, and -4 are added to the reference numerals. Subscripts are added to other elements when it is necessary to distinguish them. The second winding end 46-1 and the second winding end 46-2, which are the lower winding ends, of the coil 20-1 and the coil 20-2 are connected by a jumper 40-1. The coil 20-2 is connected to another coil 20-3 adjacent to the coil 20-2 by a connecting wire 40-2 connecting the first winding end 44-2 and the first winding end 44-3 which are upper winding ends of the coil 20-2. It is connected. Further, the coil 20-3 is connected to another coil 20-4 adjacent to the coil 20-3, and a connecting wire 40 connecting the second winding end 46-3 and the second winding end 46-4 which are lower winding ends of the coil 20-3. -3 connected. The first winding ends 44-1 and 44-4, which are winding ends at both ends of the coil group connected in series, are connected to power lines for supplying power to the coils or connection lines 48-1 to be connected to the neutral point. 48-4 is connected.

  When connecting the first winding end 44 and the second winding end 46 by connecting the first winding ends 44 positioned at the upper end of the non-opposing portion 42 of the coil and the second winding ends 46 positioned at the lower end. In comparison, the length of the crossover 40 can be shortened. Thereby, the effect which reduced the number of coil conducting wires of the non-opposing part 42 of a coil can be utilized effectively.

  Although FIG. 5 shows a case where four coils 20 are connected in series, the number of the coils 20 may be other than four. In FIG. 5, the U phase is shown, but the same applies to the V phase and the W phase.

  FIG. 6 is a diagram showing another connection mode of the in-phase coil 20 and shows a state in which the stator 14 is viewed from the outer peripheral side to the inner side in the circumferential direction. In the connection mode of FIG. 6, two sets of coils 20 connected in series are further connected in parallel. The coil 20-1 and the coil 20-2, the coil 20-3 and the coil 20-4 are connected in series to form a coil group, and the coil groups are connected in parallel. The coil 20-1 and the coil 20-2 are connected by connecting the second winding ends 46-1 and 46-2, which are the winding ends on the lower end sides thereof, by the connecting wire 40-1. The first winding ends 44-1 and 44-2 that are the winding ends at both ends of this series-connected coil group are connected to connection lines 48-1 and 48-2 that are connected to the power line or the neutral line. Yes. The coil 20-3 and the coil 20-4 are connected by connecting the second winding ends 46-3 and 46-4, which are the winding ends on the lower end sides thereof, by the connecting wire 40-3. The first winding ends 44-3 and 44-4, which are winding ends at both ends of the series-connected coil group, are connected to connection lines 48-3 and 48-4 that are connected to a power line or a neutral line. Yes.

  Although FIG. 6 shows the case where four coils 20 are connected, the number of the coils 20 may be other than four. In FIG. 6, the U phase is shown, but the same applies to the V phase and the W phase.

  FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram relating to the winding direction of the coil 20. Magnetic fluxes generated by the U− phase coil 20U− and the U + phase coil 20U + are opposite to each other as indicated by white arrows in the drawing. In order to generate the magnetic flux in this way, the direction of the current flowing through the coil 20U− and the coil 20U + needs to be reversed. In FIG. 7, when each coil is viewed from the left, the current flows counterclockwise in the coil 20U− and clockwise in the coil 20U +. In FIG. 7A, the coil 20U− and the coil 20U + are both wound in a left-handed manner. That is, the coil is formed so that when the coil conductor is wound in the direction indicated by the thumb with the thumb of the left hand standing, the coil conductor is wound from the base of four fingers other than the thumb toward the fingertip. . In this case, the portions a and b of the crossover wire 40 are overlapped, and the coil conductor is lengthened accordingly. In FIG. 7B, the coil 20U- is left-handed while the coil 20U + is right-handed. In the coil 20 of this embodiment, in the coil 20 connected in series, one of the adjacent coils 20 is left-handed and the other is right-handed. Thereby, the length of a coil conducting wire is shortened.

  FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing a main configuration of a toroidal coil motor 50 (hereinafter referred to as “motor 50”) according to another embodiment of the present invention. The electric motor 50 includes an annular stator 54 fixed to the case 52 and a rotor 58 fixed to the output shaft 56. The stator 54 includes a toroidally wound coil 60, and a rotating magnetic field is formed by energizing the coil 60. The rotor 58 includes an inner cylinder portion 62 and an outer cylinder portion 64, and permanent magnets 66 and 68 are disposed on each of them. The rotating magnetic field formed by the stator 54 and the permanent magnets 66 and 68 interact to rotate the rotor 58 around the output shaft 56.

  Hereinafter, the center line of the output shaft 56 is referred to as a rotation axis, the direction in which the rotation axis extends is referred to as a rotation axis direction, the direction orthogonal to the rotation axis is referred to as a radial direction, and the direction around the rotation axis is referred to as a circumferential direction. In addition, words representing directions and directions such as up, down, left, and right represent directions and directions in the drawing, and are not related to directions and directions in the usage state.

  The inner cylindrical portion 62 of the rotor 58 is located on the radially inner side of the stator 54, and the outer peripheral surface of the cylinder faces the stator 54. A permanent magnet 66 is embedded in the outer peripheral portion of the inner cylinder portion 62. The permanent magnets 66 are arranged in the circumferential direction so that the polarities of the magnetic poles formed by the permanent magnets 66 are alternate. The outer cylinder portion 64 of the rotor 58 is fixed to the output shaft 56 by a disc member 65. The outer cylindrical portion 64 is located on the radially outer side of the stator 54, the cylindrical inner peripheral surface thereof faces the stator 54, and the permanent magnet 68 is fixed on the inner peripheral surface. The permanent magnets 68 are arranged in the circumferential direction so that the polarities of the magnetic poles formed by the permanent magnets 68 are alternate.

  The stator 54 has a substantially annular stator core 70. The stator core 70 has an annular yoke 72 and teeth 74 and 76 extending from the yoke 72 toward positions where the rotor permanent magnets 66 and 68 are disposed. The teeth that extend radially inward from the yoke 72 are referred to as inner teeth 74. The tip of the inner teeth 74 faces the outer peripheral surface of the inner cylindrical portion 62 of the rotor. Further, the teeth extending radially outward from the yoke 72 are referred to as outer teeth 76. The tip of the outer teeth 76 faces the inner peripheral surface of the outer cylindrical portion 64 of the rotor.

  The upper and lower surfaces of the stator core 70 do not face the rotor 58, and these surfaces are referred to as an upper non-facing surface 78 and a lower non-facing surface 79, respectively.

  Of the coil 60, the upper and lower non-facing portions 82 and 83 that are opposed to the upper and lower non-facing surfaces 78 and 79 do not directly contribute to the generation of torque. Therefore, even if the number of turns of the upper and lower non-opposing portions 82 and 83, that is, the number of coil conductors, is smaller than that of the other portions, the torque generated by the electric motor 50 does not decrease. Therefore, the coil conductor is not wound up to the position where the coil 60 is started.

  The both ends of the part which forms the coil 60 of a coil conducting wire are shown with the codes | symbols 84 and 86. FIG. The winding end located outside in the radial direction is referred to as a first winding end 84, and the winding end located inside is referred to as a second winding end 86. The first winding end 84 and the second winding end 86 are located apart from each other in the upper non-opposing portion 82 of the coil 60, and the number of coil conductors in the portion between them is one less than the number of the other portions. Become. By disposing the first and second winding ends 84 and 86 on the upper non-opposing portion 82 located on the opposite side of the disk member 65, the connecting wire connected to these and the connection connected to the power line and the neutral point Arrangement of lines becomes easy. In this embodiment, the first winding end 84 is located at the outer end of the non-opposing portion 82 of the coil, and the second winding end 86 is located at the inner end of the non-opposing portion 82. In each coil 60, the first winding end 84 and the second winding end 86 are located apart from each other, particularly at the inner and outer ends of the upper non-opposing portion 82 of the coil.

  As in the case of the electric motor 10, the coils 60 are connected in series between the first winding ends 84 or the second winding ends 86 of the adjacent coils 60. Furthermore, in the coils 60 connected in series, the adjacent coils 60 can be wound by one hand on the right hand side and the other hand on the left hand side.

  When there are two non-facing surfaces, two adjacent surfaces can be non-facing surfaces, and the non-facing surfaces are arranged in an L shape. The winding ends can be arranged at both ends of the L-shape. In the case of an outer rotor type motor in which an outer element rotates, for example, the outer peripheral surface of the stator core and the end surfaces on both sides in the rotation axis direction can be opposed to the rotor, and the inner peripheral surface can be a non-opposing surface.

  10 Motor, 12 Case, 14 Stator, 16 Output shaft, 18 Rotor, 20 Coil, 22 Cylindrical part, 24 Disk part, 26, 28 Permanent magnet, 30 Stator core, 32 Yoke, 34 Radial teeth, 36 Axial teeth, 38 Non Opposing surface, 40 crossover wire, 42 non-facing portion, 44 first winding end, 46 second winding end, 48 connection line, 50 motor, 52 case, 54 stator, 56 output shaft, 58 rotor, 60 coil, 62 inner cylinder Part, 64 outer cylinder part, 65 disc member, 66, 68 permanent magnet, 70 stator core, 72 yoke, 74 inner teeth, 76 outer teeth, 78 upper non-facing surface, 79 lower non-facing surface, 82 upper non-facing portion , 83 Lower non-facing portion, 84 First winding end, 86 Second winding end.

Claims (1)

A first element having a first element core and a coil that is toroidally wound on the first element core and generating a moving magnetic field;
A second element that moves relative to the first element by a moving magnetic field;
A toroidal coil motor including
Each coil is formed by continuously winding a coil conductor several times.
The first winding end and the second winding that are both ends of the portion of the coil conductor forming the coil in the non-facing portion that is the portion of the coil that is disposed on the surface of the first element core that does not face the second element The ends are positioned away from each other in the direction in which the coil conductors forming the coil extend, and the number of coil conductors between the position of the first winding end and the position of the second winding end is smaller than the other parts,
The first winding end of each coil is located on the first side in the non-opposing portion of the coil, the second winding end is located on the second side opposite to the first side,
Each coil of the coils connected in series is connected to one adjacent coil and one winding end of the first winding end and the second winding end, and the other winding end is connected to another adjacent coil. Connected to the other winding end or power line or neutral point,
In the coils connected in series, adjacent coils are in opposite winding directions.
Toroidal coil motor.

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