JP6611330B2 - Posture holding cushion and posture holding base material used therefor - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a posture-holding cushion used for the purpose of stabilizing the posture of a user and preventing pressure ulcers, and a posture-holding base material used therefor. More specifically, the present invention is used for the purpose of stabilizing the posture on the sling seat of a general folding wheelchair using a thin seat called a sling seat on the seat or the back and preventing pressure ulcer. The present invention relates to a suitable posture holding cushion and a posture holding base material used therefor.

  Conventionally, there are cushions used for the purpose of maintaining a posture when sitting and preventing pressure ulcers. For example, there is a wheelchair cushion suitable for use for the purpose of stabilizing the posture on the sling seat of a general folding wheelchair using a thin seat called a sling seat on the seat or the back and preventing pressure ulcer. In general folding wheelchairs, a seat is often formed of a thin seat called a sling seat such as a vinyl leather or a nylon seat. For this reason, when sitting directly on the seat consisting of a sling seat, the sling seat bends downward due to its weight, and the buttocks sink, so the pelvis tilts backward and left and right, and turns, There is a problem that it is difficult to maintain a stable sitting posture. In addition, even in a backrest composed of a sling seat, the effect of stabilizing the pelvis cannot be obtained because there is no function of firmly supporting the buttocks from the rear side. For this reason, when both the seat and back seats are seated in a sling-seat wheelchair, anyone can experience this problem, especially elderly people who have a reduced ability to sit, people with physical disabilities, care recipients This is a serious problem.

  In addition, in the case of a user who has to continue to sit in a wheelchair for a long time, since the cushioning property of the sling seat itself is low, pressure may concentrate on a part of the buttocks, so that there is a risk of causing pressure sores, so-called bedsores.

  Therefore, a wheelchair cushion that supports a user's buttocks on a sling seat of a folding wheelchair, provides a sense of stability when sitting with the pelvis stabilized, and disperses body pressure to prevent pressure ulcers and the like is desired.

  Conventionally, as such a wheelchair cushion, a cushion including a plate-shaped cushion material having a predetermined flexibility and a holding plate that is smaller than the cushion material and fixed to the back surface of the cushion material to exhibit a predetermined rigidity is provided. A material that is locked to a wheelchair frame at a portion that protrudes left and right from the holding plate of the material has been proposed (for example, Patent Document 1). Here, the holding plate is formed by molding a hard urethane foam having a predetermined rigidity into a plate shape, and the cushioning material contracts (compresses) when a wheelchair user is seated, but the holding plate is in the eyes. If it is not visible and does not distort, it is sufficient if some rigidity is acceptable. And the seat cushion is comprised by attaching and fixing this holding | maintenance board to the center of the back surface of a cushion material with a screw or an adhesive material.

  In addition, there is a sitting tool in which the shape of the cushion is formed along the shape of the shell by bonding and integrating the cushion to the surface of the shell (Patent Document 2). This sitting tool is a region (island-like portion) surrounded by four small holes, in which a cushion material is fixed and integrated on the surface of a plate material curved in a shape along the buttock, and a large number of small holes are provided through the plate material and the cushion material. ) Is the same function as a small spring, improving the sitting comfort and long-term performance. When a curved plate is placed on a seating part such as a chair, the seating tool can be formed between a portion where the plate and the seat are in contact with each other, and a portion between the plate and the seat that is not in contact. By utilizing the gaps and the numerous small holes, the seated person's buttocks are always exposed to the outside air to prevent stuffiness and pressure ulcers.

JP 2003-190219 A JP 05-115341 A

  However, as in the inventions described in Patent Documents 1 and 2, in the structure in which the cushion material is directly bonded or fixed onto the hard base material such as hard urethane or plywood, the influence of the hardness of the base material is not affected. You will have to use a cushion material that is thick enough to avoid it by its elasticity. For this reason, for example, when applied to a cushion for a wheelchair, the cushioning material can be prevented from bending along the bending of the sling seat, but the seat surface height when the wheelchair user is seated (from the sling seat) Since there is a problem that the elbow height, foot step length, back tension adjustment, etc. need to be readjusted.

  Also, when securing elasticity with only a flat cushion material with sufficient thickness, even if it can be easily deformed as a whole and enhance the body pressure dispersion effect, the posture holding effect is not sufficient, and the shape of the cushion There is a problem that the body part to be maintained and supported, for example, the effect of stabilizing the pelvis is not sufficient, and it may be difficult to maintain a stable sitting posture.

  Furthermore, since cushioning properties must be obtained with only a single urethane foam that is directly bonded or fixed on the base material, the hardness, softness, and shape of the cushion cannot be partially adjusted. That is, it is impossible to adjust the hardness to match the body of the seated person, and it is also impossible to adjust the hardness and shape to the optimum according to the physical obstacle of the seated person. For this reason, for example, when used as a cushion for a wheelchair, it is not possible to adjust the hardness according to the body for each wheelchair user, and to the optimal hardness and shape according to the state of physical disability of the user etc. It cannot be adjusted.

  Further, since the cushion material is directly bonded or fixed on the hard base material, it takes time and effort to bond or fix the cushion material to the base material, which tends to increase the manufacturing cost. In addition, the base material and the cushion material are integrated, and the cushion material is not replaceable, so that the user's request that the wheelchair user wants to use the cushion that he / she normally uses or his / her favorite cushion can be satisfied. There is a problem that you can not.

  Further, since the cushion material is integrated with the base material by bonding or fixing by fastening means, the cushion material cannot be washed even if the cushion becomes dirty with excrement due to incontinence or the like. Only the surface of the cushion material can be wiped, which is insufficient to keep it clean. In order to avoid this problem, the seat cushion for wheelchair of Patent Document 1 employs an integral foam in which a low-foam skin layer that is highly waterproof and difficult to adhere to dirt is formed on the surface of a high-foam core layer. Although it is trying to make it difficult to get dirty, there are dirt and odors that must be washed, so it is desirable to make it washable. In addition, the integral foam is more expensive than a general cushioning material, and the low foam skin layer is inferior in air permeability to a general cushioning material. The same is true for the sitting tool disclosed in Patent Document 2. Since only the cushion cannot be washed, it cannot be kept clean by washing when dirt or the like adheres. For this reason, it is unsuitable for cushions for posture maintenance, such as a care recipient who frequently needs washing, especially for wheelchair use.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a posture maintaining cushion that can be cleaned and a posture maintaining base material used therefor. In addition, the present invention provides a posture holding cushion that realizes body pressure dispersion that cannot be obtained with a conventional flat cushion, and that enables posture holding and stable sitting, and a posture holding base material used therefor. Objective. It is another object of the present invention to provide a posture holding cushion that achieves the same body pressure distribution and posture holding as a mold cushion at a low cost using a flat cushion material, and a posture holding base material used therefor. .

  In order to achieve this object, the posture maintaining cushion according to the first aspect of the present invention has a three-dimensional shape that conforms to the surface shape of the body part to be supported by the user, and has rigidity and flexibility as a support structure. A base material that combines flexibility and a cushioning material that is separate from the base material and covers the surface of the body part side. The cushioning material and the base material are provided with a cushioning material on the side of the body part to be supported by the base material. It is used in combination, and when the weight of the user is applied, the cushioning material is deformed into a shape reflecting the internal surface shape of the base material, and the base material is bent to change the body shape of the user. The shape is attached to the cushioning material to maintain the user's posture.

  Here, it is preferable that the cushion material is a plate-like cushion material having a net-like three-dimensional structure in which thermoplastic resin wires are intricately entangled in three dimensions and are point-bonded to each other.

  Furthermore, the cushion material and the base material are respectively housed in separate bag-like covers, and the base cover and the cushion cover are integrated with the cushion cover superimposed on the base cover, It is preferable that the cushion material and the base material are separately provided so as to form one lump as a whole.

  Further, the posture holding cushion according to the present invention is for a seat, and the base material has a three-dimensional shape that forms at least a buttock support portion surrounding the buttock of the seated person, and is separated from the buttock support portion. The cushion material is shaped to match the shape of the user by bending the base material while deforming the cushion material into a shape reflecting the internal surface shape of the base material when the user is seated It is attached to.

  Further, the posture maintaining cushion according to the present invention is for a wheelchair seat, and the base material includes at least a buttocks support portion that surrounds the periphery of the seated person's buttocks and a thigh support portion that houses the thighs, and the buttocks A three-dimensional shape is provided between the support part and the thigh support part, giving a height difference that the buttock support part is lower than the thigh support part, and a separate cushion material is provided between the buttock support part and the thigh support part of the base material. When the weight of the user is applied and the weight of the user is applied, the cushion material is deformed into a shape reflecting the internal surface shape of the base material, and the shape of the cushion material is changed to the shape of the user by bending the base material It is a thing attached to.

  In the sitting cushion or wheelchair seat cushion according to the present invention, the base material is preferably provided with a sacral relief hole.

  In addition, the posture holding base material according to the present invention has a three-dimensional shape that matches the surface shape of the body part to be supported by the user, and has both rigidity and flexibility as a support structure, and the body to be supported. A separate cushion material covering the surface of the part side is used by being placed on the surface side of the body part to be supported, and when the weight of the user is applied, the three-dimensional internal surface shape The shape of the user's body shape is attached to the cushion material by bending the cushion material while deforming the cushion material into a shape reflecting the above, and the posture of the user is maintained.

  Further, the posture holding base material according to the present invention is for sitting, and has a three-dimensional shape that forms at least a buttock support portion surrounding the occupant's buttock, and the buttock support portion is a separate cushion. When the weight of the user is applied and the weight of the user is applied, the cushion material is shaped to match the shape of the user by bending while deforming the cushion material into a shape reflecting the internal surface shape of the three-dimensional shape It is a thing attached to.

  Furthermore, the posture holding base material according to the present invention is for a wheelchair seat, and includes at least a buttocks support portion that surrounds the periphery of a seated person's buttocks and a thigh support portion that houses the thigh, and a buttocks support portion. A three-dimensional shape with a height difference that makes the hip support part lower than the thigh support part, and a separate cushioning material is supported by the hip support part and the thigh support part. When the body weight is applied, the cushion material is bent while deforming the cushion material into a shape reflecting the three-dimensional internal surface shape.

  Since the posture holding cushion according to claim 1 is used by combining the base material and the cushion material, which are separate bodies, in combination, not only the elasticity of the cushion material but also the base material itself is bent. This improves the sitting comfort and sitting position. In addition, since the shape of the cushion depends on the shape of the base material, it is not necessary to form irregularities on the cushion material itself by molding, so that a molding die is not required and equipment costs can be reduced. Furthermore, by changing the shape, hardness, number of holes, position, etc. of the base material, the base material itself can be partially changed in hardness and degree of bending, so a uniform and uniform thickness of cushion material can be obtained. Even if it is used, it is possible to partially change the hardness, softness, shape, etc. as a cushion.

  In addition, since the base material supports the cushion material and gives a repulsive force due to the structural deformation of the base material, a thin cushion material that fits the body shape of the seated person is attached to the cushion material and is supported by the user By supporting the body part so as to wrap, and increasing the contact area with the body, the body pressure can be dispersed and the body position can be stably maintained. At the same time, since the same effect as using double cushions can be obtained, even if the thickness of the cushion material is reduced, a cushioning property equivalent to or higher than that when using a thick cushion in Patent Documents 1 and 2 can be obtained.

  In addition, according to the posture-holding cushion of the present invention, the surface on the user side is soft and shaped to match the user's body shape, and the opposite side is a hard surface. The base material can absorb the slack and deflection of the cushion material, and the original function and performance of the cushion material can be brought out. That is, it is possible to achieve dispersion of body pressure and stability of posture maintenance that cannot be realized by a conventional flat cushion. In addition, it is possible to obtain a sitting comfort that cannot be obtained with a single material mold cushion having a surface shape that conforms to the body shape of the seated person.

  In addition, since the cushioning material is used in combination with the base material that has a three-dimensional shape that conforms to the surface shape of the body part to be supported, the cushioning material is placed on the side of the body part to be supported. By sitting, the curvature of the base material is reflected on the cushion seating surface, and the same effect as providing the bumps on the cushion can be obtained. For this reason, it is possible to use a generally used flat cushion material such as a flexible urethane foam without using a cushion material such as a molded urethane foam that is molded into a special uneven shape by molding or the like. In other words, even a low-priced flat cushion, or a cushion material that cannot be provided with irregularities (difficulty), for example, a cushion material of a net-like structure in which thermoplastic resin wires are intertwined in a three-dimensional shape and point-bonded to each other Even if it is (for example, Breath Air (registered trademark) manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd.), the same functions and effects as the molded urethane foam can be obtained.

  In addition, since the posture holding cushion of the present invention is used by combining the base material and the cushion material which are separated, the dimensions are not limited to the case of combining with the cushion material prepared as a dedicated product. If the conditions are met, it can also be used in combination with commercially available general cushioning materials and cushioning materials already used by users, and even in that case, it exhibits the effect of dispersing body pressure and maintaining posture. . That is, it is possible to use a cushion material familiar to the user of the posture-holding cushion, a favorite cushion material, a commonly used cushion material, a favorite cushion material, or a commonly distributed cushion material.

  According to the second aspect of the present invention, the cushion material of the net-like three-dimensional structure is a washable cushion material excellent in durability, and has breathability, cushion performance, water permeability, durability, environment / safety, control, and the like. Since it is excellent in imparting fungus performance and the like and is not easily steamed, it is preferable for use as a cushion for wheelchair users or care recipients who cannot act freely.

  According to the third aspect of the invention, since the positional relationship between the base material and the cushion material is held by the cover, the shape attached to the cushion material by the base material can be made constant. Moreover, even if the cover and the cushion material are soiled with excrement due to incontinence or the like, the cushion material can be washed together with the cover by removing the base material from the cover. On the other hand, the base material taken out from the cover can be cleaned by wiping and reused.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a seat-holding posture-holding cushion comprising: a base material having an appropriate flexibility and rigidity and a cushioning material provided with a buttocks support portion for supporting the buttocks of a seated person; In order to support so as to wrap the buttocks by deforming according to the body shape of the person, increasing the contact area to the body provides excellent body pressure dispersion, and can stabilize the posture of the pelvis, that is, the position / orientation / tilt.

  In addition, the cushion material whose edge is supported by the base material is not only the elasticity of the cushion material, but also the user sits by bending the base material itself, so that the cushion material sinks softly into the recess inside the base material To support a person's buttocks, the bottom sensation can be reduced.

  Further, according to the posture maintaining cushion applied to the wheelchair seat, the surface on the side of the seated person is soft and the shape corresponding to the body shape of the seated person is provided, and the surface on the opposite side is formed. Since it can be hard, the base material blocks the influence of the sling seat's deflection, and the cushioning property due to the deformation and deflection of the entire base material and the elasticity of the cushion material combine to make the body shape of the seated person The body pressure is dispersed and the pelvis is stabilized and the posture is easily maintained by bending and deforming into a shape that fits and supporting the seated person in contact with the body. This can also prevent pressure ulcers and improve sitting comfort.

  In addition, when sitting on the posture-holding cushion placed on the sling seat, the cushion material is shaped to fit the user's thigh and buttocks while flexing the base material. The turning muscle is supported so that the legs do not open or close, and the buttock support part supports the occupant's buttocks more than the thigh, preventing the seated person from slipping forward. It does not cause so-called sacral sitting. For this reason, it supports the wheelchair user's buttocks firmly, stabilizes the pelvis, the seated person does not fall forward, the seated person can easily withstand the reaction force when turning the wheel, and the wheelchair is easy to row It can be.

  In addition, the base material supports the cushion material and gives a repulsive force due to the structural deformation of the base material, so the base material hardness, flexibility and shape, the position of slits and notches, etc. are changed. Because it is possible to change the hardness, softness, and shape of the cushion as a cushion, appropriate hardness, softness, and distribution of them according to the conditions, preferences, and demands of wheelchair users , Forms can be easily created. Moreover, since the repulsive force is applied not only by the elastic force of the cushion material but also by the structural deformation of the base material, it is possible to obtain a seating comfort that cannot be produced by the mold cushion.

  Further, according to the invention of claim 6, in the cushion for posture maintenance for sitting or wheelchair, the base material is provided with the sacral drop, so that the repulsive force of the sacrum portion is eliminated so that the sacrum portion does not hurt. it can.

  Further, according to the posture holding base material according to the seventh aspect of the invention, even if a dedicated cushion material is not prepared, a commercially available general cushion material or a cushion material that has already been used can be used as long as the dimensional condition is satisfied. By using in combination, it is possible to exhibit body pressure dispersion and posture maintaining effects that cannot be achieved with a conventional flat cushioning material. That is, the same effect as that of the posture maintaining cushion according to the present invention can be exhibited by using a cushion material preferred by the user, a cushion material that is usually used, or a favorite cushion.

  Further, according to the posture holding base material according to the invention of claim 8 or 9, a seat material or a wheelchair can be obtained by combining a cushion material familiar to a seated person, a favorite cushion material, and a generally distributed cushion material. As a posture-holding cushion, a corresponding body pressure dispersion and posture-holding effect can be obtained.

It is a perspective view showing one embodiment which applied the cushion for posture maintenance concerning the present invention to the cushion for wheelchair seats. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the cushion. It is a cross-sectional view of the cushion. It is a perspective view showing one embodiment of the base material in which the cushion was used. It is a right view of the base material.

  Hereinafter, the configuration of the present invention will be described in detail based on embodiments.

  A posture maintaining cushion according to the present invention has a three-dimensional shape that matches the surface shape of a body part to be supported by a user, and has a base material that has both rigidity and flexibility as a support structure, and the base. The cushion material is used in combination with a cushion material that covers the body part side surface, which is separate from the material. Since the shape of the base material is not the same as the internal surface shape and three-dimensional shape of the base material, the cushion material is supported on the body part side surface of the base material when the user's weight is not applied. A space is formed between the two, but when the user's weight is applied, the base material is bent while the cushion material is deformed into a shape reflecting the internal surface shape of the base material. Form which was in the form of user I is one that was to be attached to the cushion material.

  Here, the base material supports and supports the cushion material, determines the limit and shape of deformation of the cushion material, and applies a repulsive force by structural deflection. In other words, the outer base material in contact with the surface on which the posture-holding cushion is installed forms a posture-holding cushion, and functions as a case and skeleton that keeps this shape roughly while deforming (posture-holding cushion Assures the structural strength of In other words, the base material has both rigidity that ensures the structural strength as a posture-holding cushion and flexibility that imparts a repulsive force due to structural bending, and sits by bending itself. Consideration is given to improve comfort and sitting position. As such a material having both mechanical rigidity and flexibility, it is considered preferable to use, for example, polypropylene resin (PP), but is not particularly limited to this, and is not limited to ABS resin, PE resin, AS resin. POM resin can also be used. Of course, a plywood or the like may be used as long as it has both the above-described mechanical rigidity and flexibility, but a synthetic resin plate material is preferably used.

  The base material has a three-dimensional shape that matches the surface shape of the body part to be supported by the user. This three-dimensional shape differs depending on the body part to be supported.For example, by approaching the shape along the shape of the body part to be supported, the contact area to the body is increased to distribute the body pressure and to maintain the stable posture. The surface shape is formed from the viewpoint of performing. For example, in the case of a seat or a wheelchair, the seated occupant's buttocks serve as a support target body support site, and therefore, as shown in FIG. A thigh support portion 6 that supports the thigh is formed in front of the buttock support portion 5.

  On the other hand, the cushion material is deformed when the weight of the user is applied, so that the shape reflecting the internal surface shape of the base material, that is, the shape that matches the body shape of the user is attached. Although it is not limited to a specific cushion material and shape, a general filmless urethane foam or urethane foam as a cushion material, a cushion material of a net-like structure (for example, Breath Air (registered trademark) manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd.), etc. Preferably, it is the use of a flat cushion material which is generally widely distributed. Above all, the flat mesh structure cushioning material is composed of three-dimensionally intertwined thermoplastic resin wires that are point-bonded to each other. It is a material that has excellent breathability, cushioning performance, water permeability, durability, environment / safety, antibacterial performance, etc. It is suitable for maintaining the posture of a person who is in need, a person who needs care. Of course, the cushioning material is not limited to the above-mentioned ones. For example, it can be freely combined with a cushioning material that the user is accustomed to, a favorite cushioning material, a cushioning material that is usually used, a favorite cushioning material, or a cushioning material that is generally distributed. It is also possible to use it.

  These base material and cushion material can be used directly as they are, but are generally used in a cover to prevent dirt and the like and improve the appearance. For example, the base material and the cushion material may be stored in separate bag-shaped cover materials that are independent from each other, and may be combined when used as a posture holding cushion, or the base material and the cushion material may be combined. It is good also as a structure which can be combined and accommodated beforehand in one cushion cover, and can be handled as one cushion for attitude | position holding | maintenance. In particular, when the base material and the cushioning material are combined in advance and accommodated in one cushion cover, the relationship between the base material and the cushioning material is maintained, and it becomes a single component. Handling becomes simple. Note that a base material formed by molding a polypropylene resin plate or the like is less likely to get dirty than the cushion material and has a good appearance as it is, and may be used as it is without being stored in the cover. In this case, it is preferable to provide a non-slip function by providing a non-slip member or anti-slip on the back surface (the bottom surface facing the surface on which the posture holding cushion is installed) of the base material.

  1 to 5 show an example of an embodiment in which the posture maintaining cushion of the present invention is applied to a wheelchair cushion.

  Wheelchair cushions require elements such as improved sitting comfort, sitting position, breathability, durability, and cleanliness. And the cushion seating surface is not flat, and the sitting position is improved by providing irregularities such as lowering the buttocks side, tilting the whole so that the buttocks side is lowered, and providing protrusions between the left and right thighs I am aiming. These are usually provided with unevenness on the cushion itself (molded urethane, etc.), multiple layers with cavities and slopes, or pasted cushion material on a hard urethane base material with the desired unevenness (Patent Document 2), these concavo-convex shapes are imparted to the cushion material. However, in any case, complicated shapes and configurations, and fixing to the base material are necessary, which makes manufacturing difficult and costly.

  Therefore, a wheelchair cushion (posture holding cushion) 1 according to the present embodiment is superposed on a base material 2 serving as an outer shell in contact with a seat seat and a back seat of a wheelchair (not shown), and the base material 2. It is composed of a combination of at least two kinds of materials with different hardness and cushion material 3 that forms a seating surface that touches the body, and the surface on the side of the seated person is soft. The surface facing the side or the floor or the seat surface of the chair is hard, and the cushion material 3 is deformed while the base material 2 is bent, so that the shape corresponding to the body shape of the seated person is attached to the cushion material 3. . In other words, the wheelchair cushion 1 has a function as a structure and a function as a structure that elastically supports a seated person by using a cushion material 3 and a base material 2 that are separable from each other so as to overlap each other. Both are made to be compatible, and the cushioning material 3 and the base material 2 itself are bent to improve the sitting comfort and the sitting position.

  Here, the base material 2 secures the structural strength as a cushion for a wheelchair, and constructs a basic form as the cushion. That is, according to the wheelchair cushion of the present embodiment, the outer base material 2 serving as the outer shell contacting the seat and back of the wheelchair is formed as a cushion, and as a case / skeleton that maintains this shape while deforming The cushion material 3 which hits the body ensures softness while exhibiting the function of (assuring the structural strength as a cushion for wheelchairs). Although the material of the base material 2 according to the present embodiment is not limited to a specific material, the material is more rigid than the cushion material 3 and more flexible than plywood or hard urethane, for example, as a cushion for a wheelchair. It is preferable to use a synthetic resin that has both a rigidity that guarantees the structural strength and a flexibility that flexes to some extent along the body shape of the seated person. Specifically, it is preferable to use a thermoplastic resin such as polypropylene (PP).

  In addition, the flexibility of the base material 2 depends greatly on the material, but even if it is the same material, the thickness of the base material 2 varies depending on the location, or the base material 2 having a uniform thickness is slit. By providing a hole or a hole, the rigidity can be locally changed to make it structurally easy to bend, thereby improving the sitting comfort and the fit. Therefore, it is possible to easily deal with a custom made cushion for a wheelchair simply by changing the structure of the base material 2. For example, by changing the thickness of the base material depending on the location, or by providing slits or holes, the rigidity can be locally changed to make it easier to bend, and the sitting comfort and fit can be changed. At the same time, the hardness and softness of the cushion for wheelchair can be easily adjusted by changing the hardness by exchanging the cushion material. Therefore, appropriate hardness, softness, distribution and form of the hard / soft region, and the like can be appropriately adjusted in accordance with the state of failure of the wheelchair user.

  For example, as shown in FIG. 4, the base material 2 of the present embodiment includes a buttock support portion 5 that supports and supports the buttock of the seated person and a thigh support portion 6 that supports and supports the thigh, and the heel support portion 5 and the thigh. A three-dimensional shape is provided between the support portion 6 and the base portion 6 so as to give a height difference that makes the hip support portion 5 lower than the thigh support portion 6. The hip support part 5 and the thigh support part 6 have a position corresponding to the vicinity of the groin, which is a boundary part between the pelvis and the thigh of the seated person, as a vertex 14, and a region behind the seat surface (a hip support part). While being inclined toward 5, it is inclined or curved slightly downward toward the front (thigh support portion) 6 ahead of the apex 14. That is, it is slightly bent in the front-rear direction in a lateral shape when viewed from the side. Therefore, the sciatic nodule does not slide forward and the pelvis does not tilt backward. Accordingly, the center part of the buttock support part 5 is recessed from the periphery thereof and is made lower than the front thigh support part 6, whereby the thigh side of the seated person is lifted from the buttock, and the body is moved forward. It is provided so as not to shift.

  For example, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, the heel support 5 is recessed at the center from the periphery and is lower than the front thigh support 6. In the case of this embodiment, the rear wall portion 11a, both side wall portions 11b, a front wall portion 11d that rises toward the thigh support portion 6, and a bottom wall portion 11c that supports them, and a recess that supports the buttocks of the seated person. It is composed. For example, the rear wall portion 11a is a curved surface having an inclination angle of, for example, about 45 ° to 60 ° with respect to the bottom wall portion 11c, and the left and right side wall portions 11b and the front wall portion 11d are, for example, about 20 ° to 30 °. Each is composed of gently curved surfaces.

  In addition, a sacral relief hole 9 is provided in the center from the bottom wall portion 11c of the buttock support portion 5 to the rear wall portion 11a. The sacral relief hole 9 is a hole that is designed so that the sacrum portion does not hurt by eliminating the repulsive force on the sacrum portion of the seated person, for example, a vertically long hole that prevents the seated person from hitting the sacrum. . That is, it can be supported so as to wrap around the sacrum without hitting the sacrum, and is provided so as to prevent bedsores and reduce the feeling of bottom collision. Further, a hole 10 for adjusting the rigidity of the base material 2 and ensuring air permeability is provided in the buttock support portion 5 and the thigh support portion 6. The hole 10 is, for example, a round hole, and the diameter of the hole 10 away from the hole 10 is larger than that of the hole 10 around the sacral relief hole 9, and in particular, the hole 10 of the thigh support portion 6 is formed larger. Prevention of dampness due to the function as a vent and adjustment of the rigidity of the base material 2 are made to obtain the necessary flexibility. In addition, the edge of the hole 10 and the sacral relief hole 9 may function as a slip stopper with respect to the sling sheet.

  In addition, the thigh support portion 6 for preventing thigh adduction and abduction is formed with an inclined surface 12a that rises toward the outer edge and a protruding portion 7 that protrudes in a hill shape at the central portion. Two muscle depressions 8 for supporting the thighs of the seated person are provided.

  According to the base material 2 configured as described above, before the user is seated, the separate cushion material 3 placed on the base material 2 is supported by the buttocks support portion 5 and the thigh support of the base material 2. Since it is supported by a portion protruding above the portion 6, for example, an outer peripheral edge portion, a slightly inner surface portion thereof, or a protruding portion 7, it is assumed that the cushion material 3 is indented inward to some extent with the shape of the base material 2. However, since the shape of the surface of the cushion material 3 that comes into contact with the base material 2 is not the same as the internal surface shape / three-dimensional shape of the base material 2, the space 13 remains between the base material 2 and the cushion material 3 and the cushion. The material 3 cannot have a shape reflecting the internal surface shape of the base material 2 (see FIGS. 2 and 3), but when seated, the cushion material 3 reflects the internal surface shape of the base material 2 Bend base material 2 while deforming Form was in body shape of the user by is attached to the cushion material 3. In other words, by utilizing the deformation of the base material 2 made of the resin plate and the deformation of the cushion material 3, a shape suitable for the weight and body shape of the seated person is attached to the cushion material 3.

  Here, as the cushion material 3 for the wheelchair cushion, a net-like structure in which thermoplastic resin wires are point-bonded to each other while forming a loop (for example, trade name Breath Air (Patent No. 3518615, manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd.). )) And washable cushion materials having excellent durability, such as general film-free urethane foam and urethane foam, are preferred. Among them, a flat cushion material with a net-like three-dimensional structure, for example, Breath Air (registered trademark) manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd. is excellent in breathability, cushion performance, water permeability, durability, antibacterial performance and the like, and is a base material. Combined with the flexibility of No. 2, the shape reflecting the inner surface shape is easy to attach, which is preferable for use as a wheelchair cushion. However, the cushion material 3 is not particularly limited to this. It is also possible to use a combination of a cushion material familiar to wheelchair users, a favorite cushion material, a commonly used cushion material, a favorite cushion material, or a commonly distributed cushion material.

  In the case of the present embodiment, the cushion material 3 has substantially the same shape as the base material 2 on the left and right and the front, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, for example, but protrudes from the base material 2 on the rear side. Is provided. Thus, when the cushion material 3 is deformed so as to fall into the recess inside the base material 2, the cushion material 3 is interposed between the seated person's buttocks and the edge of the base material 2, and directly on the edge of the base material. It is provided to prevent hitting and soften the hit. However, the planar shape and the side surface shape of the cushion material 3 are not particularly limited to those described above, and may be appropriately changed according to the application. For example, the cushion material 3 may be formed to be the same as or slightly larger than the contour shape of the base material 2 in plan view, and in some cases, the cushion material 3 is formed to be smaller than the base material 2. In particular, the length in the front-rear direction may be short.

  Further, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the base material 2 and the cushion material 3 are accommodated in one cushion cover 4 in a state of being combined in advance so that the cushion material 3 is superimposed on the base material 2. By doing so, it is configured as one posture holding cushion 1. In the case of the present embodiment, the cushion cover 4 is composed of a base material cover 4b and a cushion material cover 4a which are independent from each other and form a bag for separately storing the cushion material 3 and the base material 2, respectively. The cushion material cover 4a is superimposed on 4b and stitched together. Fasteners (not shown) are provided at the entrances of the cushion material 4a and the base material cover 4b, respectively, so as to constitute one cushion cover 4 as a whole while being divided into independent housing spaces. ing. Therefore, the cushion material 3 and the base material 2 can be independently deformed and bent while the mutual positional relationship is secured by the covers 4a and 4b. At the same time, since the relationship between the base material and the cushion material is always maintained, handling as a wheelchair cushion becomes simple.

  Here, the cushion cover 4 is not limited to a specific material, but it is generally preferable that the cushion cover 4 is made of a stretchable fabric having air permeability. Specifically, the cushion material cover 4a preferably exhibits air permeability in a state in which the cushion material 3 is accommodated, and is made of, for example, double raschel knitted cushion cover fabric. On the other hand, the base material cover 4b is preferably made of a non-slip material or a non-slip treatment, and is formed of, for example, an acrylic fiber sheet material. The base material cover 4b in this case has air permeability, but may be made of a water-impermeable material depending on circumstances. In addition, the cushion cover 4 may be finished to a size with a margin with respect to the cushion material 3 and the base material 2, but in some cases, the cushion cover 4 is tight enough to closely fit when the base material 2 and the cushion material 3 are inserted. It is also possible to mold with dimensions, shapes and materials. In this case, an appearance / shape reflecting the contour shape of the base material, particularly the back surface shape, is applied, and the cushion material 3 is pressed against the base material 2 by the elasticity of the cushion cover 4, so that the cushion material 3 is simply attached. The shape of the cushion material 3 may be adjusted to the shape of the base material 2 and the space 13 may be smaller than when the cushion material 3 is simply placed on the base material 2. Furthermore, since the cover fabric is tight, the base material 2 and the cushion material 3 can be prevented from shifting to achieve the desired sitting comfort, and at the same time, the cover fabric can be slightly tensioned. Also, the pressure dispersibility is improved.

  According to the wheelchair cushion 1 of the present embodiment configured as described above, special fixing to the wheelchair is not required as in the case of a normal cushion, and the wheelchair cushion 1 can be used simply by being placed on the sling seat of the wheelchair. In other words, the base material and the cushion material are overlapped and placed on the wheelchair seat, and the user simply sits on the seat to change the cushion material into a shape that reflects the internal surface shape of the base material. While the base material is bent, the cushion material is shaped according to the body shape of the seated person. Therefore, using the general-purpose flat cushion material, it was possible to achieve the same function and effect as the molded cushion material with unevenness, that is, the same body pressure distribution and posture maintenance as the mold cushion. That is, by increasing the contact area with the body, the body pressure can be dispersed and the body position can be stably maintained. Furthermore, since not only the elastic force of the cushion material but also the repulsive force is given by the structural deformation of the base material, it is possible to obtain a seating comfort that cannot be obtained with a mold cushion.

  Moreover, in the case of the wheelchair cushion 1 of the present embodiment, the cushion material 3 is made to function as a pressure dispersion body, and further, the body pressure is dispersed by bending of the base material 2 to use the cushion material twice. Similarly, it was possible to improve the sitting comfort without giving a feeling of bottom collision, and to reduce the thickness of the cushion material 3 as much as possible while maintaining the body pressure dispersibility, thereby realizing the weight reduction. For example, in a posture holding cushion having a structure in which a cushion is bonded or fixed on a hard urethane or plywood base material, a cushion material of 50 mm or more is required to obtain the required body pressure dispersibility. In the case of the wheelchair cushion of the embodiment, the equivalent body pressure dispersibility was obtained even with a thin cushion material of 30 mm. Incidentally, a 4 mm-thick polypropylene resin base material having the form shown in FIG. 4 was used as the base material in this case.

  Here, although the wheelchair is not shown in the drawing, the seat is generally tilted so that the seat surface is lowered toward the back side (rear side), and the back is slightly tilted backward, so that the seated person can move forward. It has a structure and form that is difficult to roll on. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 4, the base material 2 includes a thigh support portion 6 on the front side and a buttock support portion 5 on the rear side, and the thigh support portion 6 between the heel support portion 5 and the thigh support portion 6. The hip support part 5 has a three-dimensional shape with a height difference, and the hip support part 5 and the thigh support part 6 are gently bent in the front-rear direction with the apex 14 as a boundary. Then, it is formed into a rear descent and a front descent.

  Therefore, when the base material 2 is placed on the sling seat of the wheelchair, as shown in FIG. 5, the rear buttock support portion 5 is lower than the front thigh support portion 6 and the thigh side is substantially horizontal. Since it is held, the thigh of the seated person is lifted from the buttocks, and a force is applied so that the body does not shift forward. This prevents so-called sacral sitting. Furthermore, a sacral relief hole 9 is provided in the buttocks support part 5 to disperse body pressure by supporting it so as to wrap around the sacrum without hitting the sacrum of the seated person, and to maintain it stably. Prevention and reduction of bottom collision.

  In addition, according to the wheelchair cushion of the present embodiment, the outer base material 2 in contact with the seat of the wheelchair and the back forms a cushion shape, and functions as a case / skeleton that maintains this shape while deforming (wheelchair While the cushioning material 3 that hits the body ensures softness, the wheelchair cushion can be easily customized. That is, by changing the thickness of the base material depending on the location, or by providing slits or holes, the rigidity can be locally changed to make it easier to bend, and the sitting comfort and fit can be changed. At the same time, the hardness and softness of the cushion for wheelchair can be easily adjusted by changing the hardness by exchanging the cushion material. Therefore, appropriate hardness, softness, distribution and form of the hard / soft region, and the like can be appropriately adjusted in accordance with the state of failure of the wheelchair user.

  Further, according to the wheelchair cushion 1, even if the cushion cover 4 and the cushion material 3 are contaminated with excrement due to incontinence or the like, only the base material 2 is taken out from the base material cover 4b at the time of maintenance (washing). The material 3 can be washed together with the cushion cover 4. On the other hand, since the base material 2 taken out from the base material cover 4b is a resin plate, it can be cleaned only by wiping. When the base material is composed of hard urethane or plywood, the performance is lowered if it is once wetted due to incontinence, but the resin base material can be reused by wiping even if it is affected by moisture due to incontinence.

  The above-described embodiment is an example of a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but is not limited thereto, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. For example, in the above-described embodiment, the present invention has been described by taking a suitable example as a cushion for a wheelchair used in a folding wheelchair having a seat and a back formed of a sling seat. However, the present invention is not particularly limited thereto. The present invention is also suitable for application to seat cushions, cushions, back cushions, etc. used in chairs and chairs.

  For example, when applied to a back cushion of a wheelchair without adjustment of the backrest, by making the shape of the base material 2 correspond to the back, the deflection of the back of the wheelchair without adjustment of the backrest can be absorbed, and the spine of the seated person The back of the back is pushed by providing a convex portion along the line, and the thorax can be expanded by stretching the spine and opening the chest. You can ease your breathing by stretching your back and expanding your rib cage.

  For example, when applied to seat cushions or cushions used in seats and chairs, there is no problem of floor surface or seat plate deflection like a wheelchair sling seat, but a flat cushion material is used on the floor. Rather than sitting down, the three-dimensional base material 2 and the cushion material 3 that match the body shape of the seated person's body support portion are combined so as to overlap each other, so that the feeling when sitting is improved. This was verified in experiments by the present inventors. In this case, it is preferable to store the base material 2 in the base cover or to lay a cushioning material under the base material 2 so as not to damage the floor surface, tatami mat, seat plate or the like.

  Moreover, in the above-mentioned embodiment, although the flat board of a three-dimensional network structure is employ | adopted as the cushioning material 3, it is not specifically limited to this, A general filmless urethane foam, urethane foam, etc. are used. Or, instead of combining a special cushion material prepared in advance, the cushion material that the user is familiar with, the favorite cushion material, the cushion material that is usually used, the favorite cushion, or the commonly available cushion By using a combination of materials and the like, body pressure dispersion and posture maintenance effects that cannot be realized with a conventional flat cushion material can be exhibited accordingly.

  Further, in this embodiment, the cushion material and the base material are accommodated in separate bags (spaces) of one cushion cover that are independent of each other. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, a cushion material and a base material can be preliminarily overlapped and accommodated together in a bag-like cover having a single internal space.

  Furthermore, in the above-described embodiment, the present invention will be described with an example in which body pressure dispersion and posture maintenance similar to those of a mold cushion are achieved at low cost using a flat cushion material that is generally widely distributed as the cushion material 3. Although described, the present invention is not limited to this. Even if there are irregularities on the front surface (sitting surface) and / or back surface (opposite surface) of the cushion material, for example, the user's favorite cushion or a commercially available cushion has a three-dimensional shape / unevenness of the base material. Even if it has a bulging bulge, the effect of applying a shape reflecting the internal surface shape of the base material to the cushion material while the base material is bent when the user's weight is applied is diminished. Even so, the effect in the sense of improving the sitting comfort, the sitting position retention, and the body pressure dispersibility by absorbing the bending of the sling sheet can be expected. In other words, while the base material blocks the influence of the sling sheet's bending, the cushioning property and the elasticity of the cushioning material due to the deformation / deflection of the entire base material combine, and the corresponding body pressure dispersion and posture maintenance can be achieved. An effect is obtained.

1 Posture retention cushion (wheelchair cushion)
2 Base material 3 Cushion material 4 Cushion cover 4a Cushion material cover 4b Base material cover 5 Hip support 6 Thigh support 7 Protrusion 8 Depression 9 Sacral relief 10 Small hole

Claims (9)

A base material having a three-dimensional shape that conforms to the surface shape of the body part to be supported by the user and having both rigidity and flexibility as a support structure;
A cushioning material that is separate from the base material and covers the surface of the body part;
The cushion material and the base material are used by overlapping the cushion material on the support target body part side of the base material.
When the weight of the user is applied, the cushion material is deformed into a shape reflecting the internal surface shape of the base material, and the shape of the body shape of the user is changed by bending the base material. A posture-holding cushion which is attached to a cushion material and holds the posture of the user.   2. The posture-holding cushion according to claim 1, wherein the cushion material is a plate-shaped cushion material of a net-like three-dimensional structure in which thermoplastic resin wires are intertwined in a three-dimensional shape and are point-bonded to each other.   The cushion material and the base material are respectively housed in separate bag-like covers, and the base cover and the cushion cover are integrated in a state where the cushion cover is overlaid on the base cover. The posture-holding cushion according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the cushion material and the base material are separately provided so as to form one lump as a whole.   The posture-holding cushion is for sitting, and the base material has a three-dimensional shape that forms at least a buttock support portion surrounding the buttock of the seated person, and the buttock support portion is a separate cushion. When the material is supported and the user is seated, the cushion material is deformed into a shape reflecting the shape of the inner surface of the base material, and the base material is bent to be in the shape of the user. The posture maintaining cushion according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the posture maintaining cushion is attached to the cushion material.   The posture maintaining cushion is for a wheelchair seat, and the base material includes at least a buttocks support portion that surrounds a seated person's buttocks and a thigh support portion that houses the thigh, and the buttocks support portion; A three-dimensional shape is provided between the thigh support portion and the thigh support portion so that the heel support portion is lower than the thigh support portion, and the heel support portion and the thigh support portion of the base material are separated. When the weight of the user is applied while the cushion material is supported, the user can bend the base material while deforming the cushion material into a shape reflecting the internal surface shape of the base material. The posture maintaining cushion according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a shape corresponding to the body shape is attached to the cushion material.   The posture maintaining cushion according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the base material is provided with a sacral relief hole. A separate cushion material that has a three-dimensional shape that conforms to the surface shape of the user's body part to be supported and has both rigidity and flexibility as a support structure and covers the surface of the body part to be supported is provided. It is used by being placed on the surface side of the body part to be supported,
When the weight of the user is applied, the cushion material is shaped to match the shape of the user by bending the cushion material while deforming the cushion material into a shape reflecting the internal surface shape of the three-dimensional shape. A posture-maintaining base material, characterized in that the posture of the user is held on the base material.   The posture-holding base material is for sitting, and has at least a three-dimensional shape that forms a buttock support portion that surrounds the periphery of the occupant's buttock, and the buttock support portion supports the separate cushion material. When the weight of the user is applied, the cushion is deformed into a shape reflecting the three-dimensional internal surface shape while deforming the cushion material, so that the shape of the cushion is in the shape of the user. The base material for posture maintenance according to claim 7, which is attached to the material.   The posture maintaining base material is for a wheelchair seat, and includes at least a buttocks support portion that surrounds a seated person's buttocks and a thigh support portion that houses the thigh, and the buttocks support portion and the thigh support portion A three-dimensional shape that gives a height difference in which the buttocks support part is lower than the thigh support part, and supports the separate cushioning material at the buttocks support part and the thigh support part, When the weight of the user is applied, the cushion material is shaped to match the shape of the user by bending the cushion material while deforming the cushion material into a shape reflecting the internal surface shape of the three-dimensional shape. The base material for posture maintenance according to claim 7, which is attached.