JP6607810B2 - Gasification generator - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a gasification power generation apparatus including a dual fuel engine that uses two different types of fuel containing pyrolysis gas in a gasification furnace that generates pyrolysis gas derived from biomass fuel.

  In general, a gasifier equipped with a dual fuel engine that uses this pyrolysis gas and liquid fuel having a higher calorie than the pyrolysis gas as an auxiliary fuel is known in a gasification furnace that generates pyrolysis gas derived from biomass fuel. It has been.

  Conventionally, since such a gasifier generates pyrolysis gas in a gasification furnace, if it is supplied to a dual fuel engine with insufficient pyrolysis, gasification is caused by tar contained in the pyrolysis gas. It will be condensed in each equipment downstream of the furnace and cause malfunction. Therefore, the conventional gasifier is operated with auxiliary fuel until the pyrolysis gas is stabilized, and if a stable pyrolysis gas is obtained, the operation is switched to the operation with the pyrolysis gas. At this time, the pyrolysis gas is controlled to stabilize the pyrolysis gas by detecting the height position of the inner cylinder through which fuel and air are introduced into the gasification furnace (see, for example, Patent Document 1). ).

  In addition, a gasification power generation system that generates power by connecting a plurality of dual fuel engines to such a gasification furnace and driving a plurality of engine generators has been proposed (for example, see Patent Document 2). In this gasification power generation system, the required load power differs depending on the time zone in which the power is used. Therefore, in the case of rated load operation that requires load power to drive a plurality of engine generators, one engine power generation In the case of low load operation where the load power to drive the machine is required, in the case of heat insulation operation where the engine is stopped and only the fire type of the gasifier is kept, pyrolysis gas is generated in the gasifier depending on, etc. After that, it was configured to supply pyrolysis gas to the dual fuel engine of each engine generator.

Japanese Patent No. 5798046 Japanese Patent No. 5545944

  However, in the case of the conventional gasification power generation system described above, the dual fuel engine is used during the transition period until the pyrolysis gas corresponding to the load is generated in the gasification furnace by switching to the operation condition corresponding to the required load power. Then, the operation cannot be switched to the operation using the pyrolysis gas until the operation using the auxiliary fuel is performed and the stable pyrolysis gas is generated. Therefore, until the pyrolysis gas is stabilized after the operation conditions are changed, the pyrolysis gas is merely burned in the flare stack, and cannot be used in the dual fuel engine. .

The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a gasification power generation apparatus that can use pyrolysis gas without waste even during load transfer.

A gasification power generation apparatus according to the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is provided with a gasification furnace that gasifies a raw material by pyrolysis to produce a low-calorie fuel, the low-calorie fuel, or a higher calorie than the low-calorie fuel A dual fuel engine driven by burning high-calorie fuel as an auxiliary fuel is provided, and parameters for pyrolysis when generating the low-calorie fuel by changing the load required for the dual fuel engine are set. In the gasification apparatus having a control unit for changing the value from the current value to a predetermined target value, the gasification furnace has a plurality of operation modes, and the gasification furnace includes a plurality of the dual fuel engines. is connected, each dual-fuel engines, are each generator connection, the control unit, the operation of the gasification furnace Stores the parameters respectively corresponding to the over-de as a set value, the by load power required for each generator, when switching the operation mode of the gasifier, the set value of the parameter of the operation mode before switching Is a gasification power generator configured to control the current value to be changed to a target value which is a set value of the parameter of the operation mode after switching , wherein the parameter is the low-calorie gasified It is at least one of a fuel gas flow rate, a raw material supply amount, and a height of the raw material supply amount in the gasifier, and the control unit is configured to provide a difference between the current value and the target value. the amount was calculated, the difference amount for each predetermined time by a change amount obtained by dividing an arbitrary division number, along with shifts to the target value by changing stepwise the parameters, except for the no-load The operation mode is set so that a plurality of the dual fuel engines can be controlled, and the number of the dual fuel engines to be operated is obtained from each generator as the parameters change stepwise. It is made to change in steps so that it may become the number of operation calculated according to the load electric power to be calculated .

As described above, according to the present invention, instead of immediately changing from the current set value to the predetermined target value, the parameter is set stepwise for each change amount obtained by dividing the difference amount by an arbitrary number of divisions. While changing to the target value , the control unit is set so that operation control of a plurality of the dual fuel engines can be performed in each operation mode except no load. As the parameter changes step by step, the fuel supply during load transition is stabilized because the number of operating units is changed step by step so that the number of operating units calculated according to the load power required for each generator is obtained. It can be made. Therefore, the low-calorie fuel obtained by the gasifier can be used even during load transfer. Therefore, in the gasifier, the consumption of high calorie fuel can be reduced, and in the power generator, the operation rate can be improved.

It is a figure which shows the gasification electric power generating apparatus which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the gasification furnace part of the gasification electric power generating apparatus shown in FIG. It is a flowchart which shows control of the gasification electric power generating apparatus. It is a flowchart which shows control of the gasification electric power generating apparatus. It is a flowchart which shows control of the gasification electric power generating apparatus. It is an operation time chart figure of the gasification power generator. It is an operation time chart figure of the gasification power generator. It is a flowchart which shows control of the gasification electric power generating apparatus. It is an operation time chart figure of the gasification power generator. It is a flowchart of the gasification power generation device.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 shows a gasification power generation apparatus 1, FIG. 2 shows a configuration of a gasification furnace 2 in the gasification power generation apparatus 1, and FIGS. 3 to 5, 8, and 10 show the gasification power generation apparatus 1. A control flow is shown, and FIGS. 6, 7, and 9 show time charts of the gasification power generation apparatus 1.

  In the gasification power generation apparatus 1, a gasification furnace 2 is connected to a plurality of dual fuel engines 10, and a generator 11 is connected to each dual fuel engine 10. When changing the set value S of the parameter at the time of thermal decomposition from the current value Sc to a predetermined target value St by changing the load (number of operating units) required for each dual fuel engine 10, the current value Sc and the target value St Difference amount (St-Sc) is calculated, and the difference amount (St-Sc) is divided by an arbitrary number of divisions (N) (ΔS = (St-Sc) / N) every predetermined time T In addition, the controller 100 is configured to change the parameter stepwise and shift to the target value St, and is configured to change the parameter setting value S according to the number of operating generators 11 by the load power Wt. ing.

  First, the overall configuration of the gasification power generator 1 will be described.

  The gasification power generation apparatus 1 includes a gasification furnace 2, a gas refining facility 3, a plurality of dual fuel engines 10, a generator 11 connected to each dual fuel engine 10, a flare stack 4, and a load facility 5. It is. This gasification power generation apparatus 1 gasifies a raw material in a gasification furnace 2 to produce a low calorie fuel, tempers this low calorie fuel with a refining equipment 3, and uses a low calorie fuel after tempering as necessary. Accordingly, each dual fuel engine 10 is supplied to drive the dual fuel engine 10, and power is generated by the generator 11 with this driving force, and the electric power obtained by this power generation is supplied to the load facility 5. Then, of the low calorie fuel generated in the gasification furnace 2, surplus low calorie fuel that has not been supplied to the dual fuel engine 10 is burned in the flare stack 4. Further, in the gasification power generation apparatus 1, the gasification furnace 2, the gas refining equipment 3, the dual fuel engine 10, and the flare stack 4 are connected so that gas flows through an appropriate flow path.

  The gasification furnace 2 is configured such that the raw material is supplied from the raw material supply device 6. As shown in FIG. 2, the raw material supply apparatus 6 includes a hopper 61, a motor 62, and a raw material discharge screw 63. That is, the horizontal cylinder part 65 is connected to the bottom part of the hopper 61, and the screw 63 is rotatably mounted in the cylinder part 65.

  Then, by controlling the frequency of the motor 62 by inverter, the rotational speed of the screw 63 is controlled and the raw material supply amount G to the gasification furnace 2 is adjusted.

  The gasification furnace 2 gasifies the raw material from the raw material supply device 6 to generate a low calorie fuel. The “raw material” supplied to the gasification furnace 2 includes woody biomass (for example, wood chips, large sawdust, pruned branches, bark), waste (for example, garbage, agricultural waste, construction waste) or fossil fuel (for example, coal). Etc. are used. A gasifying agent (for example, air, oxygen) is supplied into the gasification furnace 2 in order to promote gasification of fuel.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the gasification furnace 2 includes a gasification furnace main body 21 composed of an outer cylinder and an inner cylinder 23. A gas outlet 22 is provided below the gasifier main body 21. Residues (such as ash after gasification) in the gasification furnace 2 are discharged outside the gasification furnace 2 by a discharge conveyor (not shown). From the upper end of the gasification furnace main body 21, the inner cylinder 23 protrudes upward.

  The inner cylinder 23 is a cylindrical member that introduces fuel into the inner cylinder 23. The inner cylinder 23 is erected in the vertical direction so that the axial centers of the gasifier main body 21 coincide with each other. The upper and lower ends of the inner cylinder 23 are opened. Note that the upper end opening of the inner cylinder 23 can be closed by the lid 24.

  The lower part of the inner cylinder 23 is inserted into the gasification furnace main body 21 from above, faces the gasification furnace main body 21 in the vertical direction, and the lower end opening 235 is located in the middle of the gasification furnace main body 21. The upper part of the inner cylinder 23 protrudes upward from the upper end part of the gasification furnace main body 21, and a gasifying agent (for example, air, oxygen) is introduced from the upper end part (one place) of the inner cylinder 23. ing. An inlet 231 into which the raw material from the raw material supply device 6 is input is opened on the outer peripheral side of the upper part of the inner cylinder 23.

  One end of an input pipe 232 communicates with the input port 231. The input pipe 232 is provided so that the other end extends obliquely upward, and the raw material from the raw material supply device 6 is supplied from the other end of the input pipe 232.

  The gasification furnace main body 21 is provided with a constricted portion 210 at a position below the lower end opening 235 of the inner cylinder 23. The constricted portion 210 is composed of an annular convex portion projecting toward the center direction of the gasification furnace main body 21. The constricted portion 210 extends downward from a reduced opening 211 having an inclined surface 211a in which the opening area of the inner peripheral surface 21a of the gasification furnace main body 21 gradually decreases downward, and the lower end of the reduced opening 211. The throat portion 212 has an opening 212a, and an enlarged opening 213 having an inclined surface 213a in which the opening area gradually increases from the throat portion 212.

  Specifically, the opening area of the upper end of the reduced opening 211 is set to be equal to the opening area formed by the inner peripheral surface 21 a of the gasification furnace main body 21. The opening area at the lower end of the reduced opening 211 is set to be equal to the opening area of the throat 212 and to the opening area of the inner cylinder 23. The upper opening area of the enlarged opening 213 is equivalent to the opening area of the throat portion 212, and the lower opening area of the enlarged opening 213 is equivalent to the opening area formed by the inner peripheral surface 21a of the gasifier main body 21. Is set.

  As shown in FIG. 2, a level sensor 25 for detecting a height position (fuel deposition height) H of the raw material deposited in the inner cylinder 23 is provided on the upper part of the inner cylinder 23. The level sensor 25 has a chain 252 that hangs down in the inner axial direction (vertical direction) of the inner cylinder 23 and has a weight 251 at the lower end, and a drive unit that winds up and rewinds the chain 252 to raise and lower the weight 251. And a measurement unit 253. When measuring the height position H of the upper surface of the raw material deposited in the inner cylinder 23 by the level sensor 25, the weight 251 is lowered by the extension of the chain 252, and the measurement is performed when the weight 251 contacts the raw material. The part 253 can detect the weight change of the weight 251 (change in the weight balance of the weight) and obtain the height position H of the raw material. Such raw material level detection is performed regularly and continuously (for example, at intervals of one minute).

  The refining equipment 3 is equipped with a residence tank, a cooler, and the like, and reconditions the low calorie fuel into one suitable for the dual fuel engine 10 (specifically, decomposition / reformation of tar contained in the generated gas, Soot removal, gas cooling). A blower 7 is provided on the downstream side of the refining equipment 3. On the downstream side of the blower 7, the flow path of the low calorie fuel is branched for each dual fuel engine 10. The tempered low calorie fuel is sucked by the blower 7 and smoothly flows to the downstream side, and the flow of the low calorie fuel is branched for each dual fuel engine 10.

  A shutoff valve 12 is provided on the upstream side of each dual fuel engine 10 on the downstream side of the branch point for each dual fuel engine 10. By opening and closing these shut-off valves 12, it is switched whether low-calorie fuel flows to each dual fuel engine 10 (that is, whether low-calorie fuel is supplied to each dual fuel engine 10). .

  The generator 11 is connected to each dual fuel engine 10, and generates electric power by driving the generator 11 with each dual fuel engine 10. Each dual fuel engine 10 provided in the generator 11 is an internal combustion engine driven by “high calorie fuel” or “low calorie fuel and high calorie fuel”. In the dual fuel engine 10 according to the present embodiment, a low calorie fuel is used as the main fuel, and a high calorie fuel is used as the auxiliary fuel.

  Here, as the low-calorie fuel, a product gas of the gasification furnace 2, that is, a combustible gas mainly containing CO (carbon monoxide) is used. In the following description, the operation in the case where the dual fuel engine 10 uses liquid fuel as an auxiliary when using the generated gas as the main fuel (uses a small amount of liquid fuel mixed with gas fuel) is referred to as “gas”. It is called “fuel operation”. In other words, the generated gas has an extremely low calorific value compared to city gas, etc., so that combustion is likely to be unstable and stable power generation may not be possible. It can guarantee that it generates electricity.

  Moreover, as the high-calorie fuel, liquid fuel such as fossil fuel (for example, light oil) or biodiesel fuel (for example, vegetable oil) is used. This high calorie fuel is stored in the fuel tank 13. In the following description, the operation of the dual fuel engine 10 using high-calorie fuel as the main fuel is referred to as “liquid fuel operation”.

  The load facility 5 is supplied with electric power generated by the generator 11. The load facility 5 is a facility that uses electricity as a drive source (for example, an electrical facility in a factory) and uses power generated by the generator 11 connected to the dual fuel engine 10 in addition to the commercial power 50. It is.

  Further, the flare stack 4 communicates with the flow path between the tempering equipment 3 and each dual fuel engine 10 (specifically, between the blower 7 and the shutoff valve 12) via the pressure regulating equipment 8. The pressure adjusting equipment 8 adjusts the flow rate of excess gas flowing to the flare stack 4 side, and the pressure of the low calorie fuel flowing to each dual fuel engine 10 side is controlled to be constant.

  Further, the gasification power generation apparatus 1 includes a control unit 100 including a gasification furnace controller 110 that controls the gasification furnace 2 and an engine generator controller 120 that controls the dual fuel engine 10. In addition to the raw material supply device 6, the blower 7, and the pressure regulating equipment 8, sensors are connected to the gasifier controller 110. In addition to each dual fuel engine 10 and each shutoff valve 12, sensors are connected to the engine generator controller 120. The gasifier controller 110 and the engine generator controller 120 are configured so that information can be shared by appropriate communication means (for example, a communication line).

  In the present embodiment, the engine generator controller 120 is provided for each of the plurality of dual fuel engines 10, but the engine generator controller 120 may be provided for each desired number of units.

  Next, sensors connected to the gasifier controller 110 and the engine generator controller 120 will be described.

  First, the sensors connected to the gasifier controller 110 are the level sensor 25, the raw material throughput meter 111, the gas flow meter 112, and the gas pressure gauge 113.

  The raw material throughput meter 111 detects the raw material processing amount in the gasification furnace 2 (hereinafter referred to as “raw material supply amount G”), in other words, the raw material conveyance amount of the raw material supply device 6. The raw material throughput meter 111 is provided on the main body of the raw material supply device 6 or on the flow path between the raw material supply device 6 and the gasification furnace 2. As the raw material throughput meter 111, for example, a load cell that detects the weight of the raw material may be used, or the weight of the raw material supplied by the screw 63 is detected by the rotation of the motor 62 of the raw material supply device 6. It may be.

  A gas flow meter 112 as a gas flow rate detecting means detects the flow rate of low-calorie fuel (hereinafter referred to as “gas flow rate Q”). The gas flow meter 112 is provided on the flow path between the blower 7 and each dual fuel engine 10, specifically, on the flow path between the blower 7 and the flare stack 4.

  The gas pressure gauge 113 detects the pressure of the product gas (hereinafter referred to as “gas pressure P”). The gas pressure gauge 113 is provided on a flow path between the blower 7 and each dual fuel engine 10, specifically, on a flow path between the flare stack 4 and a branch point of each dual fuel engine 10. The pressure adjusting equipment 8 is adjusted so that the excess gas flows to the flare stack 4 side so that the pressure (gas pressure P) of the low calorie fuel flowing to each dual fuel engine 10 side becomes constant.

  Subsequently, sensors connected to the engine generator controller 120 are a received power meter 121 and an output wattmeter 122 of each generator 11. A combination of the received power meter 121 and the output power meters 122 serves as load power detection means for detecting the load power Wt of the load facility 5.

  The received power meter 121 detects received power from the commercial power 50 (hereinafter referred to as “received power Wr”). That is, the power detected by the power reception wattmeter 121 indicates the commercial power 50 used by the load facility 5.

  The output wattmeter 122 is provided for each generator 11 connected to each dual fuel engine 10 and detects the output power of each generator 11 (hereinafter referred to as “output power W1 to W12”). That is, the output powers W1 to W12 detected by the output wattmeter 122 indicate the power generated by the generators 11 connected to the dual fuel engines 10.

  The power obtained by adding the output power W1 to W12 detected by the output power meter 122 to the received power Wr is the total power used by the load facility 5 (hereinafter referred to as “load power Wt”).

  Next, the gasifier controller 110 and the engine generator controller 120 will be described.

First, the gasifier controller 110 is a device having a storage function and a calculation function. The gasifier controller 110 has five operation modes as the operation modes of the gasifier 2, specifically, “load A”, “load B”, “load C”, “load D”, and “no load”. Have. Further, the gasifier controller 110 corresponds to the raw material supply amount Ga, the gas flow rate Qa, the raw material height position Ha, and the “load B” corresponding to the “load A” as the parameter set value S at the time of thermal decomposition. Raw material supply amount Gb, gas flow rate Qb and raw material height position Hb, raw material supply amount Gc corresponding to “load C”, gas flow rate Qc and raw material height position Hc, raw material supply amount Gd corresponding to “load D” The gas flow rate Qd and the raw material height position Hd, the raw material supply amount G ₀ corresponding to “no load”, the gas flow rate Q ₀ and the raw material height position H ₀ are respectively stored. And the gasifier controller 110 controls the frequency (rotation speed) of the raw material supply apparatus 6 and the blower 7 so that the gas flow rate Q and the height position H of the raw material become constant for each operation mode.

  The engine generator controller 120 is a device having a storage function and a calculation function. The engine generator controller 120 stores a threshold value Wta, a threshold value Wtb, a threshold value Wtc, and a threshold value Wtd related to the load power Wt. The magnitude relationship related to these threshold values is in the order of the threshold value Wta, the threshold value Wtb, the threshold value Wtc, and the threshold value Wtd (Wta <Wtb <Wtc <Wtd). The engine generator controller 120 calculates the number of operating engine generators 11 for each threshold category related to the load power Wt. In addition, the load classification of the gasifier 2 corresponding to the number of operating units calculated at the same time is transmitted to the gasifier controller 110. When the load power Wt is threshold Wta ≦ load power Wt <threshold Wtb, operation is performed in the “load A” operation mode, and when threshold Wtb ≦ load power Wt <threshold Wtc, operation is performed in the “load B” operation mode. When threshold value Wtc ≦ load power Wt <threshold value Wtd, operation is performed in the “load C” operation mode. When threshold value Wtd ≦ load power Wt, the operation is performed in the “load D” operation mode. When Wt <threshold value Wta, the operation is performed in the “no load” operation mode. Therefore, when the load power Wt increases, the gasifier controller 110 switches the operation mode in the order of “no load” → “load A” → “load B” → “load C” → “load D”. When Wt decreases, the gasifier 2 is controlled so that the operation mode is switched in the order of “load D” → “load C” → “load B” → “load A” → “no load”.

  The operation modes of “Load A”, “Load B”, “Load C”, and “Load D” are operation modes in which the raw material in the gasification furnace 2 is incompletely combusted, in other words, the gasification furnace 2 is CO 2. This is an operation mode for generating a low-calorie fuel combustible gas mainly composed of (carbon monoxide).

  When the load power Wt increases, the raw material supply amount G obtains the amount of generated gas that causes one to three dual fuel engines 10 to perform gas fuel operation in the raw material supply amount Ga corresponding to “load A”. In the raw material supply amount Gb corresponding to “load B”, the amount of generated gas for operating the four to six dual fuel engines 10 by gas fuel operation is set. In the raw material supply amount Gc corresponding to “Load C”, the raw material supply amount corresponding to “Load D” is set to an amount capable of obtaining the amount of generated gas that causes 7 to 9 dual fuel engines 10 to be operated by gas fuel. The supply amount Gd is set to an amount capable of obtaining a generated gas amount for operating 10 to 12 dual fuel engines 10 by gas fuel operation. Further, when the load power Wt decreases, the raw material supply amount G obtains the amount of generated gas that causes the 12 to 9 dual fuel engines 10 to operate as a gas fuel in the raw material supply amount Gd corresponding to the “load D”. In the raw material supply amount Gc corresponding to the “load C”, the amount of generated gas for operating the 8 to 6 dual fuel engines 10 by gas fuel operation is set. In the raw material supply amount Gb corresponding to “Load B”, the raw material supply amount corresponding to “Load A” is set to an amount capable of obtaining the amount of generated gas that causes the five to three dual fuel engines 10 to operate by gas fuel. The supply amount Ga is set to an amount capable of obtaining a generated gas amount for operating two to one dual fuel engine 10 by gas fuel operation.

  When the load power Wt increases, the gas flow rate Q is set to a flow rate at which one to three dual fuel engines 10 can be operated with gas fuel at the gas flow rate Qa corresponding to “load A”. The gas flow rate Qb corresponding to “Load B” is set to a flow rate at which four to six dual fuel engines 10 can be operated by gas fuel. In the gas flow rate Qc corresponding to “Load C”, The flow rate is set so that 7 to 9 dual fuel engines 10 can be operated with gas fuel, and the gas flow rate Qd corresponding to “load D” is 10 to 12 dual fuel engines 10 with gas fuel. It is set to a flow rate that can be operated. Further, when the load power Wt decreases, the gas flow rate Q is set to a flow rate at which 12 to 9 dual fuel engines 10 can be operated with gas fuel at the gas flow rate Qd corresponding to the “load D”. The gas flow rate Qc corresponding to “Load C” is set to a flow rate at which 8 to 6 dual fuel engines 10 can be operated by gas fuel, and the gas flow rate Qb corresponding to “Load B” is set. Is set to a flow rate at which five to three dual fuel engines 10 can be operated with gas fuel, and at a gas flow rate Qd corresponding to “load A”, two to one dual fuel engines 10 are The flow rate is set so that gas fuel operation is possible.

  When the load power Wt increases, the raw material height position H is low enough to operate one to three dual fuel engines 10 at the raw material height position Ha corresponding to “load A”. 4 to 6 dual fuel engines 10 are set at the height of the raw material corresponding to the “load B” and set to the height of the raw material in an amount capable of stably generating the generated gas of the caloric fuel. 7 at the height Hc of the raw material corresponding to the “load C”, which is set to the height of the raw material in an amount capable of stably generating the generated gas of the low calorie fuel capable of operating The height of the raw material corresponding to “load D” is set to the height of the raw material in an amount capable of stably generating the generated gas of the low calorie fuel capable of operating the nine dual fuel engines 10 The In location Hd, it is set to the amount of height which can stably generate a ten to 12 units of the product gas of the low-calorie fuel capable of operating the dual-fuel engine 10. Further, when the load power Wt drops, the raw material height position H can be operated at 12 to 9 dual fuel engines 10 at the raw material height position Hd corresponding to “load D”. 8 to 6 dual fuels are set at a raw material height position Hc corresponding to “load C”, which is set to the height of the raw material in an amount capable of stably generating a low-calorie fuel product gas. The raw material height position Hb corresponding to the “load B” is set to the height of the raw material in an amount that can stably generate the generated gas of the low calorie fuel capable of operating the engine 10. The raw material is set to the height of the raw material in an amount that can stably generate the generated gas of the low calorie fuel capable of operating the five to three dual fuel engines 10, and corresponds to the “load A”. In the height position Ha, it is set to the amount of height which can stably generate two to 1 units dual-fuel engine 10 product gas of the low-calorie fuel capable of driving.

The “no-load” operation mode is an operation mode in which the amount of heat lost by the gasifier 2 due to natural heat dissipation is supplemented with the amount of reaction heat generated by the combustion of the raw material, and the furnace temperature is maintained. This no-load operation mode is an operation mode when all the dual fuel engines 10 are stopped (gas fuel operation is not performed). When the load power Wt is less than the threshold value Wta corresponding to “no load”, the raw material supply amount G ₀ maintains the temperature of the gasification furnace 2 at the minimum raw material supply amount (in the gasification furnace 2). It is necessary to keep the temperature constant).

Here, since the gasification furnace 2 and each dual fuel engine 10 communicate with each other through an appropriate flow path as described above, when the gas generated in the gasification furnace 2 is sucked by the blower 7. In conjunction with this, outside air flows into the gasification furnace 2 (air is introduced into the gasification furnace 2). The gas flow rate Q is a gas flow rate downstream of the blower 7, and there is a certain correlation between the gas flow rate Q downstream of the blower 7 and the amount of air introduced into the gasification furnace 2. Based on this correlation, the gas flow rate Q ₀ corresponding to the “no load” mode is set so that the amount of air necessary for burning the raw material in the gasification furnace 2 can be obtained.

The height position H ₀ of the raw material corresponding to “no load” is also set to the height position of the raw material necessary for maintaining the temperature of the gasification furnace 2 (keeping the temperature in the gasification furnace 2 constant). Is done.

  The engine generator controller 120 has two operation modes as the operation mode of the dual fuel engine 10, specifically, “electric main operation mode” and “gas main operation mode”. In the “electric main operation mode”, the request for the load power Wt is given priority over the generation of the low calorie fuel in the gasification furnace 2, and the low calorie fuel sufficient for performing the “gas fuel operation” is not generated. This is an operation mode in which the “liquid fuel operation” is performed first and the generation of the low calorie fuel is sufficient, and then the “gas fuel operation” is switched to. In the “gas main operation mode”, the use of the low calorie fuel generated in the gasification furnace 2 is given priority over the request for the load power Wt, and after the low calorie fuel sufficient to perform the “gas fuel operation” is generated, This is an operation mode in which operation by “liquid fuel operation” and “gas fuel operation” is performed. Selection of “electric main operation mode” or “gas main operation mode” is performed manually (or automatically).

  Next, the control flow of the gasification power generator 1 will be described.

  First, the case where the load power Wt increases and decreases in the “electric main operation mode” will be described, and then the case where the load power Wt increases and decreases in the “gas main operation mode” will be described.

  FIG. 6 shows a time chart when the load power Wt increases in the “electric main operation mode”, and FIGS. 3 to 5 show control flows. For convenience of explanation, the time chart shows a case where the load power Wt simply rises. Also, the process from “load C” to “load D” is omitted.

First, as shown in FIG. 3, when the main operation mode is selected (S1) and the operation of the gasification power generation apparatus 1 is started (S2), the load power Wt increases, so no-load operation is performed. Is started (S3). At this time, all the dual fuel engines 10 are stopped. The gasification furnace 2 then gasifies so that the set value S of the parameter at the time of pyrolysis becomes the raw material supply amount G ₀ , the gas flow rate Q ₀ and the raw material height position H ₀ corresponding to “no load”. The furnace controller 110 controls the frequency (rotational speed) of the raw material supply device 6 and the blower 7. If the load power Wt is 0 or more and less than the threshold Wta in this state (S4: Yes), the “no load” operation is maintained.

  On the other hand, when the load power Wt becomes equal to or greater than the threshold value Wta and falls within the threshold range of “load A” that is equal to or greater than the threshold value Wta and less than the threshold value Wtb (S4: No), it is determined whether or not the state is maintained for a predetermined time Td. (S5). When not maintained over the predetermined time Td, the control unit 100 determines that the operation mode is the original “no load” (S5: No). And when it maintains over predetermined time Td, the control part 100 recognizes the operation mode of "load A" (S5: Yes), and starts the load change to "load A" (S6). When the load change is completed (S7: Yes), the parameter setting value S at the time of thermal decomposition is changed from the current value Sc of “no load” to the target value St of “load A”. The transition to the operation mode is completed (S8). Thereafter, the control from S4 is repeated, and the load management of the load power Wt is controlled.

As shown in FIG. 4, when a load change is accepted (S6), the load change is started (S21). This load change is performed by dividing the difference amount (St−Sc) between the current value Sc of the parameter setting value S during pyrolysis and the target value St by an arbitrary number of divisions (N) (ΔS = (St -Sc) / N) (S22), changing at every predetermined time T (S23), and shifting by performing N times (S24). For example, in the case of the gas flow rate Q, the set value S is obtained by controlling the frequency (the number of revolutions) of the blower 7 so as to change every predetermined time T with a change amount (ΔQ = (Qa−Q ₀ ) / N). The gas flow rate is divided into N times and increased from the gas flow rate Q ₀ of “no load” which is the current value Sc to the gas flow rate Qa of “load A” which is the target value St. If it is performed N times, the load change control is completed (S25). In the case of the raw material supply amount G, it is set by controlling the basic frequency (the number of rotations) of the raw material supply device 6 so as to change every predetermined time T with a change amount (ΔG = (Ga−G ₀ ) / N). The raw material supply amount (fundamental frequency) is increased by dividing the value S into N times from the “unloaded” raw material supply amount G ₀ that is the current value Sc to the “load A” raw material supply amount Ga that is the target value St. It is done. If it is performed N times, the load change control is completed (S25). In the case of the raw material height position H, the set value S is set to the current value Sc so as to change every predetermined time T with a change amount (ΔH = (Ha−H ₀ ) / N). From the amount H ₀ to the raw material supply amount Ha of “load A” which is the target value St, the raw material height position H is divided and increased N times. If it is performed N times, the load change control is completed (S25).

  In this “load A” operation mode, as shown in FIG. 5, the operation of one to three dual fuel engines 10 is started as the load power Wt increases. After recognizing the main driving mode and receiving the load change (S31), when the start of the operation of the first dual fuel engine 10 to add operation is received (S32), that is, the first dual fuel engine 10 At the start of operation, since the amount of low calorie fuel produced is being changed in the gasifier 2, the dual fuel engine 10 is in liquid fuel operation (S33), and the target value St of “load A” is set. After the gas flow rate is increased to the gas flow rate Qa and a load change completion signal is received (S34: Yes), after waiting for a confirmation time Ts until the gas flow rate is stabilized (S35: Yes), supply of low calorie fuel Is started, and the operation is switched to gas fuel operation using the low-calorie fuel and the high-calorie fuel (S36).

  When the load power Wt increases to an intermediate range of “Load A” (S37: Yes), an acceptance signal for adding the operation of the second dual fuel engine 10 is received (S38). And it is judged whether this acceptance signal was maintained over predetermined time Td (S39). When it is maintained for a predetermined time Td (S39: Yes), the control unit 100 starts the operation of the second dual fuel engine 10 by the liquid fuel operation (S40). Thereafter, the operation is immediately switched to the gas fuel operation using the low calorie fuel and the high calorie fuel (S41).

  When the load power Wt increases to the upper limit region of “Load A” (S42), an acceptance signal for adding the operation of the third dual fuel engine 10 is received (S43). And it is judged whether this acceptance signal was maintained over predetermined time Td (S44). When it is maintained for a predetermined time Td (S44: Yes), the control unit 100 starts the operation of the third dual fuel engine 10 by the liquid fuel operation (S45). Thereafter, the operation is immediately switched to the gas fuel operation by the low calorie fuel and the high calorie fuel (S46), and the addition of the number of the dual fuel engines 10 operating at the load A is completed.

  Thereafter, when the load power Wt becomes “load B” in the load control shown in FIG. 3, the fourth to sixth units are changed in the control flow shown in FIG. 5 while changing the load shown in FIG. 4. The operation of the dual fuel engine 10 up to is added. Thereafter, when the load power Wt becomes “load C” in the same manner, the dual fuel engine 10 from the seventh unit to the ninth unit is executed in the control flow shown in FIG. 5 while changing the load shown in FIG. When the load power Wt becomes “load D”, the dual fuel from the tenth unit to the twelfth unit is executed in the control flow shown in FIG. 5 while changing the load shown in FIG. The operation of the engine 10 is added.

  Next, the case where the load power Wt decreases in the “electric main operation mode” will be described.

  FIG. 7 shows a time chart when the load power Wt decreases in the “electric main operation mode”, and FIGS. 3, 4 and 8 show control flows. For convenience of explanation, the time chart shows a case where the load power Wt simply drops. Also, the process from “load D” to “load C” is omitted.

First, in the load change control shown in FIG. 3, the steps after S4 are repeated to change the load. For example, in the state of “load C”, when the load power Wt becomes less than the threshold value Wtc and falls within the threshold range of “load B” that is greater than or equal to the threshold value Wtb and less than the threshold value Wtc (S4: No), the operation mode of “load B” Is recognized (S4: Yes), and it is determined whether or not the state is maintained for a predetermined time Td (S5). When not maintaining over predetermined time Td, the control part 100 judges that it is the operation mode of the original "load C" (S5: No). And when it maintains over predetermined time Td, the control part 100 recognizes the operation mode of "load B" (S5: Yes), and starts the load change to "load B" (S6). When the load change is completed (S7: Yes), the parameter setting value S at the time of thermal decomposition is changed from the current value Sc of “Load C” to the target value St of “Load B”. The transition to the operation mode is completed (S8). Thereafter, the control from S4 is repeated, and the load management of the load power Wt is controlled.

  The load change is performed according to the control flow shown in FIG. That is, when a load change is accepted (S6), the load change is started (S21). This load change is performed by dividing the difference amount (St−Sc) between the current value Sc of the parameter setting value S during pyrolysis and the target value St by an arbitrary number of divisions (N) (ΔS = (St -Sc) / N) (S22), changing at every predetermined time T (S23), and shifting by performing N times (S24). For example, in the case of the gas flow rate Q, the set value S is set by controlling the frequency (the number of rotations) of the blower 7 so as to change every predetermined time T with a change amount (ΔQ = (Qc−Qb) / N). The gas flow rate is divided and reduced N times from the gas flow rate Qc of “load C” that is the current value Sc to the gas flow rate Qb of “load B” that is the target value St. If it is performed N times, the load change is completed (S25). In the case of the raw material supply amount G, the set value S is set to the current value by controlling the fundamental frequency of the raw material supply device 6 so as to change every predetermined time T with a change amount (ΔG = (Gc−Gb) / N) The material supply amount (fundamental frequency) is decreased by dividing it into N times from the material supply amount Gc of “Load C” being Sc to the material supply amount Gb of “Load B” being the target value St. If it is performed N times, the load change control is completed (S25). In the case of the raw material height position H, the raw material supply amount of the “load C” which is the current value Sc so that the change amount (ΔH = (Hc−Hb) / N) changes every predetermined time T. The raw material height position H is reduced N times from Hc to the raw material supply amount Hb of the “load B” that is the target value St. If it is performed N times, the load change control is completed (S25).

  In this “load B” operation mode, as shown in FIG. 8, there are five to three dual fuel engines 10 operating in the “load C” operation mode as the load power Wt decreases. It is changed to driving. After receiving the load change (S51), when the operation stop of the dual fuel engine 10 to reduce the operation is received (S52), it is determined whether or not the reception signal is maintained for a predetermined time Td (S53). When it is maintained for a predetermined time Td (S53: Yes), the control unit 100 stops the supply of low-calorie fuel to the first dual fuel engine 10 to stop the operation from the gas fuel operation to the liquid fuel operation. Change (S54). Then, after the cool-down operation of the predetermined time Tc (S55), the dual fuel engine 10 is stopped and the number of the dual fuel engines 10 in operation is five (S56).

  Then, when the load power Wt is lowered to an intermediate range of “load B” (S57), an acceptance signal for stopping the operation of the dual fuel engine 10 corresponding to the second operation stop is received (S58). And it is judged whether this acceptance signal was maintained over predetermined time Td (S59). When it is maintained for a predetermined time Td (S59: Yes), the control unit 100 changes the operation of the dual fuel engine 10 corresponding to the second operation stoppage from the gas fuel operation to the liquid fuel operation (S60). Then, after the cool-down operation for a predetermined time Tc (S61), the dual fuel engine 10 is stopped, and there are four dual fuel engines 10 in operation (S62).

  When the load power Wt decreases to the lower limit region of “Load B” (S63), an acceptance signal for stopping the operation of the dual fuel engine 10 corresponding to the third operation stop is received (S64). And it is judged whether this acceptance signal was maintained over predetermined time Td (S65). When it is maintained for a predetermined time Td (S65: Yes), the control unit 100 changes the operation of the dual fuel engine 10 corresponding to the third operation stoppage from the gas fuel operation to the liquid fuel operation (S66). Then, after the cool-down operation for a predetermined time Tc (S67), the dual fuel engine 10 is stopped, and there are three dual fuel engines 10 in operation (S68).

  Thereafter, when the load power Wt becomes “load A” in the load control shown in FIG. 3, the three dual fuel engines 10 are changed in the control flow shown in FIG. 8 while changing the load shown in FIG. 4. Is changed to two or one operation. Thereafter, when the load power Wt becomes “no load” in the same manner, the operation of all the dual fuel engines 10 is stopped in the control flow shown in FIG. 8 while changing the load shown in FIG. In addition, when the load power Wt decreases from the situation where all the twelve dual fuel engines 10 are operated, “load D” manages the operation of the twelve to nine dual fuel engines 10 and “load "C" manages the operation of eight to six dual fuel engines 10, "Load B" manages the operation of five to three dual fuel engines 10, and "Load A" manages two to one The operation of the dual fuel engine 10 is managed. As described above, the differential control is performed by providing the difference in the number of the dual fuel engines 10 managed when the load power Wt increases and when the load power Wt decreases, thereby preventing the load change from being repeated unnecessarily. Is the purpose. For the same purpose, the threshold value of the load power Wt is differentially controlled at the time of increase and decrease.

  FIG. 9 shows a time chart when the load power Wt increases in the “gas main operation mode”, and FIGS. 3, 4, 5 and 10 show control flows. For convenience of explanation, the time chart shows a case where the load power Wt simply rises, and the peak cut control is omitted. Also, the process from “load C” to “load D” is omitted.

  The load management control in the “gas main operation mode” is performed in the same manner as in the “electric main operation mode” shown in FIG. However, in the case of the “gas main operation mode”, after the “gas main operation mode” is selected and the peak cut control is performed (S1), the operation of the gasification power generation apparatus 1 is started (S2). The load change control is also performed in the same manner as in the “electric main operation mode” shown in FIG. In the control of the number of operating dual fuel engines 10, as shown in FIG. 10, first, after the gas main operation mode is recognized, peak cut control is performed (S71). In this peak cut control, when the load power Wt is quite high and the start of operation of the dual fuel engine 10 is required, first, the peak cut control recognizes the required number of the dual fuel engines 10 to be operated, Operation of the required number of dual fuel engines 10 is started with liquid fuel operation. Then, after receiving a load change (S72) and receiving a load change completion signal (S73), when peak cut control is not performed (S74: No), a confirmation time Ts until the gas flow rate is stabilized is set. After waiting (S75), the operation of the first dual fuel engine 10 is started by the liquid fuel operation (S76), and then immediately switched to the gas fuel operation (S77). If the peak cut control is being performed (S74: Yes), after waiting for the confirmation time Ts until the gas flow rate is stabilized (S78), the dual fuel engine 10 that has been performing the liquid fuel operation in advance is checked. One of them is switched from the liquid fuel operation to the gas fuel operation (S79).

  On the other hand, when the load power Wt is not high as in the case of peak cut, when the load power Wt increases to an intermediate range of “Load A” (S80), the “main operation mode” shown in FIG. Similarly, the operation of the second dual fuel engine 10 is added and the operation of the third dual fuel engine 10 is added (S38 to S46).

  Thereafter, when the load power Wt becomes “load B” in the load control shown in FIG. 3, the load change shown in FIG. 4 is performed, and the control flow shown in S38 and subsequent steps in FIG. 10 and FIG. The operation of the dual fuel engine 10 from the first to the sixth is added. Thereafter, when the load power Wt becomes “load C” in the same manner, the seventh to ninth units in the control flow shown in FIG. 10 and FIG. When the operation of the dual fuel engine 10 is added and the load power Wt becomes “load D”, the load change shown in FIG. 4 is performed, and the control flow shown in S38 and subsequent steps in FIG. 10 and FIG. The operation of the dual fuel engine 10 from the tenth to the twelfth is added.

  When the load power Wt decreases in the “gas main operation mode”, the load management control is performed in the same manner as in the “electric main operation mode” shown in FIG. The load change control is also performed in the same manner as in the “electric main operation mode” shown in FIG. Control of the number of operating dual fuel engines 10 is also performed in the same manner as in the “electric main operation mode” shown in FIG. Note that the time chart is the same as that in FIG. 7 when the load power Wt decreases in the “electric main operation mode”.

  The gasification power generation apparatus 1 configured in this way changes the parameter setting value S during pyrolysis from the current value Sc to a predetermined target value St by changing the load required for each dual fuel engine 10. When calculating, a difference amount (St−Sc) between the current value Sc and the target value St is calculated, and a change amount (ΔS = (St−Sc)) obtained by dividing the difference amount (St−Sc) by an arbitrary number of divisions (N). Since the control unit 100 for changing the parameter stepwise and shifting to the target value St every predetermined time T in Sc) / N), the amount of tar generated in the low calorie fuel generated at the time of load transition is It is a low quality fuel. Therefore, by using low-calorie fuel at the time of load transfer that has not been utilized in the past, the consumption of high-calorie fuel as auxiliary fuel can be reduced, and the operating rate of the power generator can be improved. Will be able to.

  In the present embodiment, the gasification power generation apparatus 1 has twelve dual fuel engines 10 connected to the gasification furnace 2, but the number of connected units is not particularly limited. An appropriate number may be controlled in accordance with the scale of the furnace 2. In addition, the gasification power generation apparatus 1 is not limited to the one using the dual fuel engine 10, and may use a gas engine instead of the dual fuel engine 10.

  Further, in the present embodiment, for convenience of explanation, the time chart describes a case where the load power Wt simply increases or decreases, but in actual operation, the load power Wt increases or decreases. Or

  Furthermore, in this embodiment, since the calorimeter of the low calorie fuel produced in the gasification furnace 2 is not provided in the gasification furnace 2, the raw material supply amount, the raw material supply height, and the gas flow rate are controlled. However, the gasification furnace 2 may be provided with a calorimeter to control the gas calorie of the low-calorie fuel generated in the gasification furnace 2.

  In the present embodiment, the level sensor 25 uses a weight method, but is not limited to such a weight method, and may be another method using ultrasonic waves, for example. May be.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Gasification power generation apparatus 2 Gasification furnace 10 Dual fuel engine 11 Generator 100 Control part S Set value Sc Present value St Target value (DELTA) S Change amount N Division | segmentation number T Predetermined time Q Gas flow rate G Raw material supply amount H Raw material height position Wt Load power

Claims (1)

A dual fuel engine driven by burning a low-calorie fuel or a high-calorie fuel having a higher calorie than the low-calorie fuel in a gasification furnace that gasifies the raw material by pyrolysis to produce a low-calorie fuel. Is provided,
A gasifier having a control unit that changes a setting value of a parameter at the time of thermal decomposition when generating the low-calorie fuel from a current value to a predetermined target value by changing a load required for the dual fuel engine In
The gasification furnace has a plurality of operation modes, the gasification furnace is connected to the plurality of dual fuel engines, and each dual fuel engine is connected to a generator,
The control unit stores the parameter corresponding to each operation mode of the gasifier as a set value, and switches each operation mode of the gasifier according to load power required for each generator. A gasification power generator configured to control a current value, which is a set value of an operation mode parameter before switching, to a target value, which is a set value of a parameter of an operation mode after switching ,
The parameter is
A gas flow rate of the gasified low calorie fuel;
A raw material supply amount, and a height of the raw material supply amount in the gasifier, at least one of:
The controller is
A difference amount between the current value and the target value is calculated, and the parameter is changed stepwise by a change amount obtained by dividing the difference amount by an arbitrary number of divisions to shift to the target value. With
In each operation mode excluding no-load, it is set to be able to control the operation of a plurality of the dual fuel engines,
The number of operating the dual fuel engines is changed step by step so that the number of operating units is calculated according to the load power required for each generator as the parameters change stepwise. There is a gasification power generation apparatus.

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