JP6606456B2 - Electromagnetic brake device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an electromagnetic brake device for controlling a braking force applied to a braked body.

  The electromagnetic brake includes a stator, an electromagnetic coil provided in the stator, a plurality of braking springs, and a mover. The mover is provided with a brake lining that contacts the braked body and stops the braked body by a frictional force. In the electromagnetic brake, when the electromagnetic brake is released, electric power is supplied to the electromagnetic coil to electromagnetically attract the mover to separate the brake lining from the braked body. On the other hand, at the time of braking, the power supply of the electromagnetic coil is cut off, and the braking is applied by pressing the brake lining against the brake drum or disc as a braked body by the restoring force of the braking spring. When the responsiveness of the electromagnetic brake is poor, even if the braked body starts to move, the brake lining cannot be separated, and the braked body starts operating in a state where the brake lining and the braked body are in contact with each other. This wears the brake lining. On the other hand, in the operation of pressing the brake lining against the brake target, the time until pressing is delayed, and the time until braking becomes longer. Therefore, the braking distance may be increased.

  One of the causes of the deterioration of the responsiveness of the electromagnetic brake is the tilt of the mover during operation. The mover is preferably separated in parallel with the contact surface of the stator, but may be separated while causing an inclination. This is because the restoring force varies depending on the manufacturing error of the brake spring and the variation in the compression amount. When the mover is tilted and operated, one end of the mover approaches the stator due to the tilt. At this time, the side of the mover that is close to the stator is attracted to the stator by electromagnetic force. Therefore, the pressing force by the braking spring is reduced, and the transmission of the braking force is delayed. If transmission of the braking force is delayed, particularly in an elevator, the operation during emergency braking is affected. That is, at the time of emergency braking, it is required to detect the overspeed state of the car on which the passenger is riding and to immediately transmit the braking force, and when the time for transmitting the braking force to the braked body becomes long, There is a possibility that the car cannot make an emergency stop within the specified distance.

  Therefore, there are techniques described in Patent Documents 1 and 2 as techniques for controlling the attitude of the braking member. Patent Document 1 describes that “the shoe 7 is elastically supported by the elastic member 11 b to perform posture control”. The structure of the shoe 7 is stabilized by pressing an elastic body (leaf spring) against the side surface of the shoe 7. Patent Document 2 describes that “23 is a movable pin fixed to the movable iron lid 16 and slidably penetrating the magnet frame 19”. By sliding the movable iron lid 16 that is the movable portion with the movable pin 23 with respect to the magnet frame 19 that is the fixed portion, the movable iron lid 16 is guided in a linear direction, and the posture of the movable iron lid 16 is stabilized. It has a structure to make a state.

JP 2007-292253 A Japanese Patent No. 3787862

  In the electromagnetic brake device described in Patent Document 1, the posture of the shoe 7 is controlled by pressing an elastic body (leaf spring) against the side surface of the shoe 7. In Patent Document 2, the movable iron lid 16 is guided in a linear direction to control the posture of the movable iron lid 16. Therefore, in Patent Document 1, wear due to sliding occurs between the shoe 7 and the elastic member 11b. In Patent Document 2, wear due to sliding occurs between the movable pin 23 and the movable iron lid 16. Therefore, there has been a problem that it is necessary to periodically check and replace the braking member.

  An object of the present invention is to prevent a transmission delay of braking force due to variations in a plurality of braking members without sliding.

  In order to solve the above-described problems, the present invention provides a brake shoe that is disposed so as to be movable forward and backward with respect to a braked body, a mover that is connected to the brake shoe and is movable, and a relative to the mover. A stator that is arranged facing and houses an electromagnetic coil, and a member that connects the stator and the mover, and a plurality of braking members that are attached to the stator and apply a restoring force to the mover. When the electromagnetic coil is excited, the movable element is attracted toward the stator against the restoring force of each braking member by the electromagnetic force of the electromagnetic coil, and the brake shoe is attached to the covered shoe. When moving away from the braking body, when the electromagnetic coil is not excited, the moving force is moved away from the stator by the restoring force of each braking member, and the brake shoe is pressed against the braked body, Said restraint An electromagnetic brake device that applies a braking force to a body, wherein two or more first recesses formed on a first facing surface of the stator with the mover, or the stator of the mover, Elastic bodies are respectively attached to two or more second recesses formed on the second facing surface, and each of the elastic bodies has a protruding amount from the end surface of the first recess or the second recess. It is set below the movement displacement of the said needle | mover.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to prevent a delay in transmission of braking force due to variations in a plurality of braking members without sliding.

It is front sectional drawing at the time of braking of the electromagnetic brake device which shows 1st Example of this invention. It is principal part front sectional drawing at the time of braking of the electromagnetic brake device which shows 1st Example of this invention. It is side surface sectional drawing at the time of braking of the electromagnetic brake device which shows 1st Example of this invention. It is a front sectional view at the time of non-braking of an electromagnetic brake device showing the 1st example of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a front cross-sectional view of a main part when an electromagnetic brake device according to a first embodiment of the invention is not braked. It is principal part side surface sectional drawing for demonstrating the operation | movement at the time of non-braking of the electromagnetic brake device which shows 1st Example of this invention. It is principal part side sectional drawing for demonstrating the operation | movement at the time of braking of the electromagnetic brake device which shows 1st Example of this invention. It is principal part side surface sectional drawing for demonstrating the fixing method of the elastic body which shows 1st Example of this invention. It is principal part front sectional drawing at the time of braking of the electromagnetic brake device which shows 2nd Example of this invention. It is principal part front sectional drawing at the time of braking of the electromagnetic brake device which shows 3rd Example of this invention.

  FIG. 1 is a front sectional view at the time of braking of the electromagnetic brake device according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a front sectional view of an essential portion at the time of braking of the electromagnetic brake device according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 and 2, the electromagnetic brake device includes a coil (electromagnetic coil) 1, a pair of braking springs 2, a stator 3, a mover 5, a brake shoe 8, and four elastic bodies 9Af and 9Bf. (Only a part is shown). The coil 1 is fixed to the stator 3 in a state of being housed in the recess 3 a of the stator 3. The stator 3 is disposed opposite to the mover 5 and houses the coil 1. The coil 1 is in a non-excited state during braking and no electromagnetic force is generated from the coil 1. Each brake spring 2 is housed in a hole (not shown) of the stator 3 on the upper side, and the lower side protrudes from the lower side of the stator 3 and contacts the movable element 5. At this time, each brake spring 2 is a member that connects the stator 3 and the mover 5, and is attached to the stator 3 to apply a restoring force (spring force) to the mover 5. That is, each brake spring 2 presses the mover 5 downward as a braking member by its restoring force (spring force). The mover 5 is formed in a substantially cubic shape and is disposed opposite to the stator 3. A brake shoe 8 is fixed to the lower side of the mover 5. That is, the mover 5 is connected to the brake shoe 8 and is movably disposed. The brake shoe 8 includes a fixed portion 6 and a brake lining 7, and is disposed so as to be able to advance and retreat with respect to the brake drum (a braked body) 4. That is, the brake shoe 8 is disposed so as to move up and down along the wall surface 10 a of the frame 10. The brake lining 7 is pressed against a brake drum (braking body) 4 formed in a disc shape. That is, at the time of braking to be in a braking state, the pressing force of the braking spring 2 acts on the brake drum 4 via the mover 5 and the brake lining 7, so that the sheave (not shown) connected to the brake drum 4 is Braking. At this time, the electromagnetic brake device moves the mover 5 in the direction away from the stator 3 by the restoring force of each brake spring 2 when the coil 1 is not excited, and the brake shoe 8 is braked (brake body). The braking force is applied to the brake drum (braking body) 4 by being pressed by 4.

  Further, the frame 10 functions as a guide when the brake shoe 8 moves, and the fixing portion 6 comes into contact with the wall surface 10a of the frame 10 so that the tangential direction (brake lining 7 The direction of the tangent that contacts the connection point between the center of the brake drum 4 and the brake drum 4). The elastic bodies 9Af and 9Bf are made of, for example, rubber formed in a substantially cubic shape, and the upper side is in four recesses (not shown) formed at the four corners on the lower side of the stator 3. It is housed in one of the recesses, and the lower side protrudes from the recess. At this time, the protruding amount of each elastic body 9Af, 9Bf (the protruding amount from the lower end surface of the stator 3) is set to be equal to or less than the operation displacement of the mover 5. That is, the amount of protrusion of each elastic body 9Af, 9Bf is set to be equal to or less than the movement displacement of the mover 5 so that the elastic bodies 9Af, 9Bf do not contact the mover 5 during braking.

  FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional side view of the electromagnetic brake device according to the first embodiment of the present invention during braking. In FIG. 3, there is no guide in moving the brake shoe 8 in the left-right direction (the vertical direction in FIG. 1), and there is a possibility that the brake shoe 8 is inclined (see FIG. 1). Then, there is a wall surface 10a for receiving a tangential force from the brake drum 4 in the left-right direction on the paper surface, and at the same time, this wall surface 10a serves as a guide for the brake shoe 8. For this reason, when the brake shoe 8 moves, the brake shoe 8 is inclined upward or downward with reference to a horizontal line that intersects a virtual center line connecting the center of the movable element 5 and the center of the brake shoe 8. In consideration, a plurality of elastic bodies 9Bf and 9Bb are arranged separately on the left and right with respect to the virtual center line on the lower side of the stator 3 (only two of the four elastic bodies are illustrated). ). The cause of the inclination of the brake shoe 8 is that the mover 5 and the brake shoe 8 are pressed against the brake drum 4 by the plurality of braking springs 2. Inclination occurs when the pressing force of each of the plurality of braking springs 2 is not uniform. The cause of non-uniformity may be a variation in compression amount due to manufacturing tolerance of the brake spring 2 itself and processing tolerance of a hole for housing the brake spring 2 provided in the stator 3.

  FIG. 4 is a front sectional view of the electromagnetic brake device according to the first embodiment of the present invention during non-braking, and FIG. 5 is a main portion of the electromagnetic brake device according to the first embodiment of the present invention during non-braking. It is front sectional drawing. 4 and 5, when the electromagnetic brake device is not braked, a voltage is applied to the coil 1 and the stator 3 is magnetized. When the stator 3 is magnetized, the mover 5 is attracted to the stator 3 side, the brake lining 7 is separated from the brake drum 4, and the pressing force is released. There is a wall surface 10a for receiving a tangential force from the brake drum 4 in the left-right direction of the paper surface where the brake shoe 8 moves, and at the same time, the wall surface 10a serves as a guide. At this time, the electromagnetic brake device attracts the mover 5 toward the stator 3 against the restoring force of each brake spring 2 by the electromagnetic force of the coil 1 when the coil 1 is excited, It is separated from the brake drum (brake body) 4.

  FIG. 6 is a side cross-sectional view for explaining the operation of the electromagnetic brake device according to the first embodiment of the present invention during non-braking, and FIG. 7 is an electromagnetic brake showing the first embodiment of the present invention. It is principal part side surface sectional drawing for demonstrating the operation | movement at the time of the braking of an apparatus. 6 and 7, the size of the arrow in the figure represents the magnitude of the force at the point of action. Here, the transition operation from the braking state to the non-braking state of the mover 5 when the restoring forces f1 and f2 (f1> f2) of the braking spring 2 vary will be described. Hereinafter, the transition operation from the braking state to the non-braking state is referred to as a release operation. The electromagnetic forces F1 and F2 act in a distributed manner on the end faces of the stator 3 and the mover 5, but in each figure, the resultant force acting on the left and right ends is described.

  For example, in FIGS. 6 and 7, when the restoring force f1 (f1> f2) of the braking spring 2 on the left side of the drawing is larger than the restoring force f2 of the braking spring 2 on the right side of the drawing, the power of the coil 1 is cut off in the release operation. By making the coil 1 in a non-excited state, the electromagnetic forces F1 and F2 generated between the stator 3 and the mover 5 are attempted to be eliminated. However, the electromagnetic forces F1 and F2 do not immediately become zero but gradually decrease. When a change in the magnetic field occurs in the stator 3 and the mover 5 that are conductors, a magnetic flux that prevents the change in the magnetic field is generated by electromagnetic induction. The electromagnetic forces F1 and F2 are proportional to the square of the magnetic flux. That is, the reduction of the electromagnetic forces F1 and F2 is delayed because the change in magnetic flux is hindered. When the electromagnetic forces F1 and F2 are less than the restoring forces f1 and f2 of the braking spring 2, the mover 5 starts operating. If the restoring forces f1 and f2 of the plurality of brake springs 2 are uniform, the mover 5 operates in parallel toward the brake drum 4. However, the restoring forces f1 and f2 of the brake springs 2 vary. Therefore, the movable element 5 moves away from the stator 3 from the side where the restoring force f1 of the braking spring 2 is large, and the brake shoe 8 and the movable element 5 are inclined. When the brake shoe 8 and the mover 5 are inclined, one end of the mover 5 comes close to the elastic body 9Bb (FIG. 7). At this time, due to the characteristics of the electromagnetic forces F1 and F2, the electromagnetic force increases as the gap between the stator 3 and the mover 5 is smaller (F2> F1). Therefore, it will be in the state which tends to incline further. Further, since the mover 5 is not separated from the stator 3 until the electromagnetic force F2 at the right end in FIG. 7 is sufficiently reduced, transmission of the braking force is delayed. However, the restoring forces Fa and Fb of the elastic bodies 9Bf and 9Bb act on the mover 5 against the electromagnetic forces F1 and F2 (FIG. 6). When the movable element 5 is tilted, only the elastic body 9Bb is compressed by the movable element 5, and the restoring force Fb of the elastic body 9Bb acts on the movable element 5. As a result, the balance of the electromagnetic force F2 on the right end side of the mover 5 becomes faster by the amount of the restoring force Fb of the elastic body 9Bb than in FIG. Therefore, even if the restoring forces f1 and f2 of the brake springs 2 vary, it is possible to prevent a transmission delay of the braking force due to the variations of the brake springs 2. As a result, the responsiveness of the electromagnetic brake device can be improved.

  FIG. 8 is a side sectional view of an essential part for explaining the elastic body fixing method according to the first embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 8, the elastic body 9Bb is inserted and fixed in a hole (concave portion) 3b formed on the lower side of the stator 3. As a material of the elastic body 9Bb, a coil spring, rubber, or the like can be used. As this fixing method, a method of fitting rubber into the hole 3b, fixing with an adhesive, or making a hole in the center of the rubber and fixing with a bolt can be used for stronger fixing. Further, by providing a groove or the like in the hole 3b so that the rubber does not fall off, a stronger fixation can be achieved.

  According to this embodiment, it is possible to prevent a transmission delay of the braking force due to the variation of the plurality of braking springs 2 without sliding. Further, according to the present embodiment, the replacement of parts due to wear can be eliminated by eliminating the sliding portion, and the responsiveness of the electromagnetic brake device can be improved with a simple structure. Further, since the braking force is transmitted to the brake drum 4 at the time of emergency braking, the car can be emergency stopped within a specified distance.

  FIG. 9 is a front sectional view of an essential part during braking of the electromagnetic brake device showing the second embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment shows an example in which a disc spring is used as an elastic body. In FIG. 9, a recess 3 c is formed on the lower end surface of the stator 3. The disc spring 11, the fixing bolt 12, and the adjustment shim 13 are inserted into the recess 3 c, and the lower end of the disc spring 11 is disposed so as to protrude from the end face of the stator 3 (end face of the recess 3 c). The disc spring 11 is fixed to the stator 3 via an adjustment shim 13 by a fixing bolt 12. At this time, by inserting an adjustment shim 13 as an adjustment mechanism between the disc spring 11 and the stator 3, the protruding amount of the disc spring 11 (the protruding amount from the lower end surface of the stator 3) can be adjusted. . At this time, the protruding amount of the disc spring 11 is set to be equal to or less than the operation displacement of the mover 5. In addition, it is also possible to adjust the protrusion amount by the adjustment shim 13 in the same manner using, for example, a hollow cylindrical rubber instead of the disc spring 11. By using a small and high elastic disc spring, it is possible to save space on the end faces of the stator 3 and the mover 5.

  According to this embodiment, the same effect as that of the first embodiment can be obtained, and since a disc spring is used as the elastic body, the transmission delay of the braking force due to the variation of the braking spring is less than that of the first embodiment. Can be reliably prevented.

  FIG. 10 is a front cross-sectional view of a main part during braking of the electromagnetic brake device showing the third embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, a disc spring is used as the elastic body, and a protective member is used as a part of the mover. The other configuration is the same as that of the second embodiment. In FIG. 10, a concave portion (not shown) is formed on the end face of the movable element 5 facing the disc spring 11 and in contact with the disc spring 11, and the disc spring 11 is formed in the concave portion. A protective member 14 having a higher hardness (harder) is housed. At this time, the recess of the protective material 14 can be prevented by providing a recess having substantially the same shape as the outer shape of the protective member 14 on the end face of the mover 5. When the hardness of the material used for the stator 3 and the mover 5 is lower than that of the elastic body, for example, the disc spring 11, the end faces of the stator 3 and the mover 5 are worn. When the disc spring 11 is used to wear the end face of the stator 3 or the movable element 5 and the end face is depressed, the amount of compression of the disc spring 11 fluctuates and a sufficient restoring force cannot be obtained. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the protective member 12 having a hardness higher (harder) than the disc spring 11 is disposed on the mover 5 to suppress wear of the end surface of the mover 5, and the characteristics of the disc spring 11. Is going to be maintained over the long term.

  According to the present embodiment, the same effects as those of the second embodiment can be achieved, and the characteristics of the disc spring 11 can be maintained for a longer period than the second embodiment.

  In addition, this invention is not limited to an above-described Example, Various modifications are included. For example, instead of disposing four elastic bodies at the four corners on the lower side of the stator 3, at least two elastic bodies are provided on the lower side of the stator 3 in the region between the elastic bodies 9 </ b> Af and 9 </ b> Bf. An elastic body can also be arranged. Further, instead of attaching each elastic body to two or more first recesses formed on the surface of the stator 3 facing the mover 5, two or more on the surface of the mover 5 facing the stator 3. The second recesses can be formed, and an elastic body can be attached to each second recess. At this time, the amount of protrusion from the end surface of the second recess is set to be equal to or less than the movement displacement of the mover 5 in each elastic body. Further, in this case, of the opposing surface (first opposing surface) of the stator 3 with respect to the movable element 5 (first opposing surface), the elastic surface attached to the elastic body attached to the concave portion (second concave portion) of the movable element 5 is elastic. The protective member 14 having a hardness higher than that of the body can be attached. The above-described embodiments have been described in detail for easy understanding of the present invention, and are not necessarily limited to those having all the configurations described. Further, a part of the configuration of one embodiment can be replaced with the configuration of another embodiment, and the configuration of another embodiment can be added to the configuration of one embodiment. Further, it is possible to add, delete, and replace other configurations for a part of the configuration of each embodiment.

  1 coil, 2 brake spring, 3 stator, 4 brake drum, 5 mover, 6 brake lining fixing part, 7 brake lining, 8 brake shoe, 9Af, 9Bf, 9Bb elastic body, 10 frame, 10a wall surface, 11 disc spring , 12 Fixing bolt, 13 Adjustment shim, 14 Protection member

Claims (2)

A brake shoe disposed so as to be movable back and forth with respect to the braked body, a mover coupled to the brake shoe and disposed so as to be movable, and a stator disposed opposite to the mover and accommodating an electromagnetic coil And a plurality of braking members that are attached to the stator and apply a restoring force to the mover, and when exciting the electromagnetic coil, Due to the electromagnetic force of the electromagnetic coil, the mover is attracted to the stator side against the restoring force of each braking member, the brake shoe is separated from the braked body, and when the electromagnetic coil is not excited An electromagnetic brake that applies the braking force to the braked body by moving the mover in a direction away from the stator and pressing the brake shoe against the braked body by the restoring force of each braking member Dress There is,
Two or more first recesses formed on a first facing surface of the stator with the movable element or two or more first concave portions formed on a second facing surface of the movable element with the stator. Each of the elastic bodies has an amount of protrusion from the end surface of the first recess or the second recess set to be equal to or less than an operation displacement of the mover .
Each elastic body is constituted by a disc spring,
The electromagnetic brake device , wherein the disc spring is fixed to the first concave portion or the second concave portion via an adjustment mechanism for adjusting an amount of protrusion of the disc spring . In the electromagnetic brake device according to claim 1 ,
Elastic the facing surface of the second elastic member attached to the first recess of the opposing surfaces of the movable element or attached to the second recess of the first opposing face of the front Symbol stator A protective member having a hardness higher than that of the elastic body is attached to a surface facing the body.

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