JP6603968B2 - Simulated snowfall equipment in railway bench test equipment - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a simulated snowfall device and a simulated snowfall method in a railway bench test apparatus capable of evaluating the performance of a railway brake friction material (brake, lining) in a test environment simulating snowfall.

In general, the braking performance of a railway vehicle is evaluated by a bench test after evaluating the performance of a brake friction material (brake, lining), and then by a running test using an actual vehicle.
The railway bench test is conducted in accordance with JIS standards (for example, JIS-E-4309), and the test specimen (wheel or disk friction surface) has a braking start temperature of 60 ° C. or less, and only under dry conditions. Often implemented. However, based on a pre-determined rule, the wet condition may be set to 200 ml / min, and the friction coefficient down rate with respect to the dry condition may be determined to be within 20%.

  However, there are no test standards or evaluation standards for winter snowfall conditions, and selection of brake friction materials suitable for snowfall has been made based on test results under wet conditions. Against this background, there are examples of bench tests that simulate snowfall for quantitative evaluation, but in addition to the fact that the temperature of the specimen cannot be below freezing, it is necessary to handle expensive and dangerous liquids. There are some issues.

For example, a method for generating artificial snow using liquid nitrogen as a cold material was used as a test method, but the snow quality and quantity are not constant, the device is large, and the test status cannot be monitored from the outside, and costs and There was a problem.
In addition, liquid nitrogen is a cryogenic refrigerant, which is not preferable from the viewpoint of safety.Therefore, these issues have been reviewed and a method using dry ice as a cooling method for wheels and control wheels is also provided. ing.

For example, in the rotating body cooling jig in the railway bench test apparatus shown in Patent Document 1, dry ice is supported in such a manner that the opening faces the outer peripheral surface of the railway wheel and forms a bead shape above the opening. It is set as the structure provided with the coolant accommodating part in which is accommodated.
In this rotating body cooling jig, the outer peripheral surface of the railway wheel can be cooled by bead-like dry ice through the opening, and the outer peripheral surface of the railway wheel and its periphery can generate an ice layer in a cold region. Cool to state.

JP 2011-7527 A

However, the rotating body cooling jig shown in Patent Document 1 simulates a low-temperature environment by frost adhering to the surface of the wheel / brake, and therefore the test results are different from the brake distance extension phenomenon in an actual vehicle. It was.
For this reason, it is expected to provide a technology that can reproduce the environment close to the actual snowfall situation and understand the qualitative phenomenon regarding the phenomenon of extending the brake distance that occurs in winter in the on-rail test equipment for railways. It was.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described circumstances, and realizes an environment close to an actual snowfall situation, and grasps and elucidates a qualitative phenomenon regarding a phenomenon in which a brake distance extending in winter occurs. An object of the present invention is to provide a simulated snowfall device and a simulated snowfall method in a railway bench test apparatus.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention proposes the following means.
The present invention relates to a railway bench test apparatus for performing a braking performance test on railway wheels, a hopper for storing ice blocks, an ice breaker for breaking ice blocks supplied from the hopper, and discharging from the ice breaker A guide plate that guides the cut ice to the railway wheel, the guide plate from the ice cutter between the control wheel and the tread of the rail wheel that the control wheel contacts. It is characterized by guiding the discharged ice.

  And according to this invention, the ice block stored by the hopper is supplied to an ice maker, and it ices with this ice maker. After that, the icing ice discharged from the icing machine is supplied through the guide plate between the control wheel and the tread of the railway wheel with which the control wheel contacts. As a result, it is possible to realize an environment close to the actual snowfall situation in which braking by the control is hindered by ice adhering to the tread of the railway wheel, and qualitatively regarding the phenomenon that the brake distance is extended in winter. It is possible to understand and elucidate the phenomenon.

  Further, in the simulated snowfall device of the present invention, the guide plate is positioned so as to drop the icing ice discharged from the icing machine along a tangential direction of the tread surface of the railway wheel. And

  And according to the present invention, the guide plate is positioned so as to drop the raked ice discharged from the icing machine along the tangential direction of the tread surface of the railway wheel. The phenomenon that ice is blown off by the air flow accompanying the rotation of the wheel can be prevented to a minimum, and ice cutting can be smoothly supplied between the tread of the railway wheel and the control wheel.

  In the simulated snowfall device of the present invention, the guide plate has a concave portion surrounding the tread surface of the railway wheel at the tip of the guide plate.

  According to the present invention, since the leading end of the guide plate has a concave portion surrounding the tread surface of the railway wheel, the guide plate can be disposed close to the periphery of the tread surface of the railway wheel. Thus, it is possible to minimize the phenomenon of ice being blown off by the air flow accompanying the rotation of the wheel, and to smoothly supply the icing around the tread of the railway wheel.

  The simulated snowfall device of the present invention is characterized in that the hopper is provided with a shutter mechanism for supplying a predetermined amount of ice blocks to the ice cutter.

  According to the present invention, the hopper is provided with a shutter mechanism for supplying a predetermined amount of ice blocks to the ice cutter, so that the shutter mechanism opens and closes for about 10 minutes corresponding to one station, for example. Therefore, it is possible to realize an environment close to the actual snowfall situation.

  In the simulated snowfall device of the present invention, the hopper is provided with a vibration exciter for vibrating an ice block inside.

  According to the present invention, since the hopper is provided with a vibration exciter for vibrating the ice pieces inside, the ice pieces stored in the hopper are melted and combined with each other by the vibration of the shaker. Occurrence of the phenomenon can be prevented, and the ice block can be smoothly supplied to the ice cutter.

  In the simulated snowfall device of the present invention, the hopper includes at least a wall portion located on a side portion made of a transparent plate.

  And according to this invention, since the wall part located in a side part at least is comprised by the transparent board, the storage condition of the ice block in a hopper can be confirmed from the outside through this transparent board.

  In the simulated snowfall device of the present invention, the railway wheel and the brake are provided with cooling means for cooling them to below freezing point.

  According to the present invention, the railway wheel and the control are further provided with cooling means for cooling them to below the freezing point. A snowfall environment can be realized in cold regions.

  Further, in the simulated snowfall method of the present invention, a first step of supplying a predetermined amount of ice blocks in a railway bench test apparatus that performs a brake performance test by bringing a control device into contact with a tread surface of a railway wheel; A second step of crushing the ice block supplied in one step, and a third step of guiding the cutting ice obtained in the second step to the railway wheel. In the third step, The icing is guided between the rail wheel and the tread surface of the railway wheel that is in contact with the control wheel.

  According to the present invention, the ice blocks stored in the hopper are supplied to the ice cutter (first step), and the ice slicer is sliced by the ice cutter (second step). Thereafter, the ice cutting discharged from the ice machine is supplied through the guide plate between the control wheel and the tread surface of the railway wheel with which the control wheel contacts (third step). As a result, it is possible to realize an environment close to the actual snowfall situation in which braking by the control is hindered by ice adhering to the tread of the railway wheel, and qualitatively regarding the phenomenon that the brake distance is extended in winter. It is possible to understand and elucidate the phenomenon.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to realize an environment close to an actual snowfall situation, and it is possible to grasp and elucidate a qualitative phenomenon regarding a phenomenon in which a brake distance is extended in winter.

(A) It is a side view which shows the simulated snowfall apparatus installed in the railway bench test apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention, (B) is the figure which looked at (A) from the arrow (B) direction. It is a figure which shows a shutter mechanism. It is a figure which shows the operation | movement 1 of a simulated snowfall apparatus. It is a figure which shows the operation | movement 2 of a simulated snowfall apparatus. It is a figure which shows the operation | movement 3 of a simulated snowfall apparatus. It is the figure which looked at the guide plate from the front. It is a schematic block diagram for demonstrating the operation switch of a simulated snowfall apparatus.

An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
What is denoted by reference numeral 100 in FIG. 1 is a railway bench test apparatus for performing a brake performance test by bringing a control wheel 2 into contact with a tread surface 1 of a railway wheel W (hereinafter referred to as a wheel W). A simulated snowfall device 101 is installed on the bench test apparatus 100.
The wheels W and the control device 2 are provided with cooling means for cooling to below freezing point in order to realize a snowfall environment in a cold region, which is omitted in the drawing.

  The simulated snowfall device 101 includes an aluminum frame 10 fixed on a railway bench test device 100, a hopper 11 supported on the upper portion of the frame 10 and capable of storing an ice mass M1 therein, and the hopper 11 The ice breaker 12 that crushes (or cuts) the ice block M1 supplied from the vehicle and the guide plate 13 that guides the ice breaker M2 discharged from the ice breaker 12 to the wheels W.

The hopper 11 is constituted by a transparent acrylic plate 20, and has an accommodation space 21 for storing the ice mass M1 therein, and is held on the frame 10 so as to be inclined as a whole. ing.
In the hopper 11, the amount of the ice block M <b> 1 stored in the internal storage space 21 can be visually confirmed from the outside through the transparent acrylic plate 20. In addition, this hopper 11 is not limited to forming the whole surface with the transparent acrylic board 20, What is necessary is just to make a part of wall part located in a side part transparent.

  A vibrator 22 for vibrating the internal ice mass M1 is provided immediately below the hopper 11. Further, by applying vibration by the vibration exciter 22, it is possible to prevent a phenomenon in which the ice blocks M1 stored in the hopper 11 are combined with each other to become large ice blocks and the supply is hindered. The ice block M1 can be supplied smoothly.

In addition, since the hopper 11 and other parts are connected by vibration-proof rubber, the influence of the vibration by the vibration exciter 22 on the parts other than the hopper is attenuated to the minimum.
Further, a lower portion of the hopper 11 is a chute portion 14, and the ice block M <b> 1 is supplied to the ice cutter 12 through the chute portion 14.
What is installed around the ice cutter 12 is a cover 15 for preventing the ice block M1 from scattering and guiding the ice block M1 in a predetermined direction.

A shutter mechanism 23 for supplying a predetermined amount of ice block M1 to the ice cutter 12 is provided in the middle of the hopper 11.
As shown in FIG. 2, the shutter mechanism 23 includes an opening / closing plate 24 movably arranged in the vertical direction so as to cross the accommodation space 21 of the hopper 11, and an urging force in a direction to close the opening / closing plate 24. And a cylinder mechanism 26 that moves the open / close plate 24 downward against the urging force of the tension spring 25.

In the shutter mechanism 23, when the cylinder mechanism 26 is driven, the opening / closing plate 24 moves downward (in the direction indicated by the arrow (A) in FIG. 2) as shown in FIGS. The accommodation space 21 of the hopper 11 is opened. Thereby, the ice block M1 accommodated in the hopper 11 is supplied to the ice cutter 12.
Further, in the shutter mechanism 23, when the driving of the cylinder mechanism 26 is released, as shown in FIGS. 4 to 5, the opening / closing plate 24 is moved upward (arrow in FIG. 2) by the urging force of the tension spring 25. In the direction indicated by (B), the accommodation space 21 of the hopper 11 is closed. As a result, the supply of the ice block M1 accommodated in the hopper 11 to the ice cutter 12 is stopped.
Then, by the opening / closing operation of the opening / closing plate 24 of the shutter mechanism 23 as described above, for example, ice blocks M1 corresponding to about 10 minutes of snowfall corresponding to one station can be instantaneously supplied to the ice cutter 12, It becomes possible to realize a simulated environment close to the actual snowfall situation.

As shown by arrows a in FIGS. 1 and 5, the guide plate 13 is disposed between the control device 2 and the tread surface 1 of the wheel W with which the control device 2 is in contact with the ice cutting M2 discharged from the ice cutter 12. To guide you. More specifically, the guide plate 13 drops the ice cutting M2 discharged in the direction of arrow a from the discharge port 12A of the ice cutting machine 12 along the tangential direction (indicated by the symbol T) of the tread surface 1 of the wheel W. The position is set so that
Then, by such position setting of the guide plate 13, the ice cutting M2 discharged from the ice cutter 12 is dropped along the tangential direction T of the tread surface 1 of the wheel W, and the ice is caused by the air flow accompanying the rotation of the wheel W. Prevents the phenomenon of being blown away.

Moreover, the front-end | tip part of the guide plate 13 has the recessed part 16 surrounding the tread surface 1 of the wheel W, as FIG.1 (B) and FIG.6 show.
And by providing the concave part 16 surrounding the tread surface 1 of the wheel W at the front end portion of such a guide plate 13, the guide plate 13 can be disposed close to the periphery of the tread surface 1 of the wheel W. It is possible to prevent a phenomenon in which ice is blown off by an air flow accompanying rotation.

  Further, the shutter opening / closing mechanism 23, the vibration exciter 22, and the ice cutter 12 described above are connected to the control unit 30 as shown in FIG. 7 and driven based on an operation signal from the operation switch 31. Such an operation switch 31 makes it possible to remotely operate the shutter opening / closing mechanism 23, the vibration exciter 22, and the ice cutter 12 by wire (or wireless).

  In the specific setting of the simulated snowfall device 101 described above, the bottom surface of the ice machine 12 is adjusted to be about 100 mm from the tread surface 1 of the wheel W, and the gap between the guide plate 13 and the wheel W is adjusted. It is preferable to adjust so that it may be set to 50 mm. It is preferable that the dropping position of the ice cutting piece from the guide plate 13 is a location about 300 mm away from the intrusion end of the control wheel 2 in the circumferential direction of the tread surface 1. Thereby, the flow of the boundary layer generated around the rotating wheel W can be suppressed, and stable snowfall can be performed on the tread surface 1 of the wheel W.

Then, according to the simulated snowfall device 101 in the railway bench test apparatus 100 configured as described above, the opening / closing plate 24 of the shutter mechanism 23 is driven by the driving of the cylinder mechanism 26 as shown in FIGS. When released, the ice block M1 stored in the hopper 11 is supplied to the ice cutter 12, and the ice cutter M2 cuts the ice.
Thereafter, the ice cutting M2 discharged from the discharge port 12A of the ice cutter 12 passes through the guide plate 13 as shown in FIGS. 4 to 5 and the tread surface of the wheel controller 2 and the wheel W with which the controller element 2 comes into contact. 1 is supplied. As a result, it is possible to realize an environment close to the actual snowfall situation in which braking by the control device 2 is hindered by ice adhering to the tread surface 1 of the wheel W, and qualitatively regarding a phenomenon in which the brake distance extending in winter occurs. It is possible to understand and elucidate various phenomena.
Specifically, with the ice cutter 12, it is possible to realize a snowfall environment by the ice cutting M2 having a stable amount (2000 g / min) and specific gravity (0.45) compared to the conventional one.
Further, by cutting the ice cooled by the freezer into the ice cutting M2, a large amount of the ice cutting M2 can be generated safely at low cost.
Furthermore, in an experiment in which the above-described simulated snowfall device 101 is applied to an actual railway bench test apparatus 100, it has been confirmed that a test result similar to the brake distance extension phenomenon in an actual vehicle is obtained.

  Further, according to the simulated snowfall device 101, the guide plate 13 is positioned so as to drop the ice removal M2 discharged from the ice machine 12 along the tangential direction T of the tread surface 1 of the wheel W. The guide plate 13 minimizes the phenomenon of ice being blown off by the air flow accompanying the rotation of the wheel W, and smoothly supplies the ice cutting M2 between the tread surface 1 and the control wheel 2 of the wheel W. Can do.

  Further, according to the simulated snowfall device 101, the guide plate 13 is disposed in the vicinity of the tread surface 1 of the wheel W because the tip end portion of the guide plate 13 has the concave portion 16 surrounding the tread surface 1 of the wheel W. The guide plate 13 can prevent the phenomenon that ice is blown off by the air flow accompanying the rotation of the wheel W, and can smoothly supply the ice cutting M2 around the tread 1 of the wheel W.

  Further, according to the simulated snowfall device 101, since the shutter mechanism 23 for supplying a predetermined amount of ice blocks M1 to the ice cutter 12 is provided in the hopper 11, the opening and closing operation of the shutter mechanism 23 (FIG. 3). ˜see FIG. 5), it is possible to supply the ice block M1 to the ice cutter 12 instantaneously. Further, by supplying the ice block M1 to the ice cutter 12 via the shutter mechanism 25, for example, simulated snowfall of about 10 minutes corresponding to one station can be performed, and an environment close to the actual snowfall situation is realized. It becomes possible.

  Further, according to the simulated snowfall device 101, the hopper 11 is provided with the vibration exciter 22 for vibrating the internal ice mass M1, so that the ice mass stored in the hopper 11 by the vibration of the vibration exciter 22 is provided. Occurrence of the phenomenon that M1 melts and bonds with each other can be prevented, and the ice block M1 can be smoothly supplied to the ice cutter 12.

  Further, according to the simulated snowfall device 101, since the hopper 11 is constituted by the transparent acrylic plate 20 at least at the side wall, the ice block M1 in the hopper 11 is stored through the transparent acrylic plate 20. The situation can be confirmed from the outside.

  Further, according to the simulated snowfall device 101, the wheel W and the brake 2 are further provided with cooling means (not shown) for cooling them to below the freezing point. Therefore, the wheel W and the brake 2 via the cooling means are provided. With this cooling, it is possible to realize a snowfall environment in a cold region that is close to the actual situation.

Further, in the simulated snowfall device 101, the first step of supplying a predetermined amount of ice blocks M1, the second step of breaking the ice blocks M1 supplied in the first step, and the ice cutting M2 obtained in the second step. A third step of guiding to the wheel W, and in the third step, a “simulated snowfall method” is adopted in which the ice shave M2 is guided between the control device 2 and the tread surface 1 of the wheel W that the control device 2 contacts. Has been.
Then, by the “simulated snowfall method” as described above, the ice block M1 stored in the hopper 11 is supplied to the ice cutter 12 (first step), and the ice cutter M2 is used for ice removal M2 (second step). Process). After that, the ice cutting M2 discharged from the ice cutter 12 is supplied through the guide plate 13 between the control wheel 2 and the tread surface 1 of the wheel W with which the control wheel 2 contacts (third step). As a result, it is possible to realize an environment close to the actual snowfall situation in which braking by the control device 2 is hindered by ice adhering to the tread surface 1 of the wheel W, and qualitatively regarding a phenomenon in which the brake distance extending in winter occurs. It is possible to understand and elucidate various phenomena.
The snowfall simulation device according to the present invention is not limited to a brake of a type in which a control is brought into contact with the tread surface of a wheel, but a snowfall state of a wheel braked by a so-called disc brake that applies a braking force to a brake disc that rotates integrally with the wheel. It can also be used for testing the braking situation in a state where ice and snow are attached to the wheel surface.

  As mentioned above, although embodiment of this invention was explained in full detail with reference to drawings, the concrete structure is not restricted to this embodiment, The design change etc. of the range which does not deviate from the summary of this invention are included.

  The present invention relates to a simulated snowfall device and a simulated snowfall method in a railway bench test apparatus capable of evaluating the performance of a railway brake friction material (brake, lining) in a test environment simulating snowfall.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Tread 2 Control device 10 Frame 11 Hopper 12 Ice machine 13 Guide plate 16 Concave part 20 Acrylic plate
22 Exciter 23 Shutter mechanism 31 Operation switch 100 Railway bench test apparatus 101 Simulated snowfall device M1 Ice block M2 Ice removal W Wheel T Tangent

Claims (5)

A railway bench testing device for testing the braking performance of railway wheels,
A hopper for storing ice blocks, an ice cutter for breaking the ice blocks supplied from the hopper, and a guide plate for guiding the ice chips discharged from the ice cutter to the railway wheel,
The guide plate guides the icing discharged from the icing machine between the control wheel and the tread surface of the railway wheel that the control device contacts ,
The guide plate is positioned so as to drop the icing discharged from the icing machine along the tangential direction of the tread surface of the railway wheel,
The snowfall device according to claim 1, wherein a front end portion of the guide plate has a concave portion surrounding the tread surface of the railway wheel . The simulated snowfall device according to claim 1 , wherein the hopper is provided with a shutter mechanism for supplying a predetermined amount of ice blocks to the ice cutter. The simulated snowfall device according to claim 1, wherein the hopper is provided with a vibration exciter for vibrating an ice block inside. The simulated snowfall device according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the hopper has at least a side wall portion formed of a transparent plate. The simulated snowfall device according to any one of claims 1 to 4 , wherein the railway wheel and the control wheel are provided with cooling means for cooling them to below freezing point.

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