JP6591036B2 - Hp1の機能に着目した抗癌剤のスクリーニング方法及び評価系 - Google Patents
Hp1の機能に着目した抗癌剤のスクリーニング方法及び評価系 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6591036B2 JP6591036B2 JP2018501823A JP2018501823A JP6591036B2 JP 6591036 B2 JP6591036 B2 JP 6591036B2 JP 2018501823 A JP2018501823 A JP 2018501823A JP 2018501823 A JP2018501823 A JP 2018501823A JP 6591036 B2 JP6591036 B2 JP 6591036B2
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Description
(2)(1)記載の染色体不安定性評価方法であって、前記HP1α及び/又はHP1γのリン酸化は、HP1αの92番目のセリンのリン酸化及び/又はHP1γの83番目のセリンのリン酸化であることを特徴とする評価方法。
(3)(2)記載の染色体不安定性評価方法であって、前記HP1αの92番目のセリンのリン酸化及び/又はHP1γの83番目のセリンのリン酸化は、抗体によって検出するものであることを特徴とする評価方法。
(4)抗癌剤のスクリーニング方法であって、HP1とINCENPの相互作用又は結合の変動を指標とすることを特徴とするスクリーニング方法。
(5)(4)記載の抗癌剤のスクリーニング方法であって、HP1とINCENPの相互作用又は結合の変動を指標として化合物を選択する第一工程と、選択した化合物を細胞分裂時の染色体分配の正確度をイメージングで計測する第二工程とを有することを特徴とするスクリーニング方法。
(6)(4)又は(5)記載の抗癌剤のスクリーニング方法であっ前記HP1とINCENPの結合の変動の指標がHP1αの92番目のセリンのリン酸化及び/又はHP1γの83番目のセリンのリン酸化であることを特徴とするスクリーニング方法。
(7)(6)記載の抗癌剤のスクリーニング方法であって、前記HP1αの92番目のセリンのリン酸化及び/又はHP1γの83番目のセリンのリン酸化は、抗体によって検出するものであることを特徴とするスクリーニング方法。
(8)(4)記載の抗癌剤のスクリーニング方法であって、前記結合の変動がイン・ビトロ解析によるHP1と121位〜270位の配列を含むINCENPとの結合の変動であることを特徴とするスクリーニング方法。
(9)(8)記載の抗癌剤のスクリーニング方法であって、HP1とINCENPの前記結合の変動をバインディングアッセイ又はアルファアッセイにより解析することを特徴とするスクリーニング方法。
(10)HP1αの92番目のセリンのリン酸化を特異的に認識する抗体、又はその機能的断片。
(11)HP1α及び/又はHP1γのリン酸化を検出することにより、Aurora B活性及び/又は染色体不安定性を判定することを特徴とするHP1αの92番目のセリン及び/又はHP1γの83番目のセリンのリン酸化を特異的に認識する抗体の利用方法。
(12)前記HP1α及び/又はHP1γのリン酸化の検出が、イムノブロット法、免疫沈降法、免疫染色法の少なくともいずれか1つによるものであることを特徴とする(11)記載の利用方法。
本発明において、作製した抗体は以下の通りである。INCENP抗体はウサギに合成ペプチドC+DLEDIFKKSKPRYHKRTSS(配列番号1、アミノ酸876〜894位)を免疫することにより作製し、抗原に対してアフィニティ精製して用いた。HP1αの92位のセリンのリン酸化を特異的に検出する抗体は、合成ペプチドC+NKRK(pS)NFSNS(配列番号2、アミノ酸88〜97位)をウサギに免疫することによって作製した。得られた抗体はリン酸化ペプチド、非リン酸化ペプチドのカラムを用い、アフィニティ精製して用いた。また、市販の抗体については、順次記載する。
HeLa(子宮頸癌細胞株)、RPE1(網膜色素上皮細胞株)、TIG−3(胎児肺由来細胞株)、U2OS(骨肉腫細胞株)、HT−1080(線維肉腫細胞株)、A549(肺胞基底上皮腺癌細胞株)、BJ(線維芽細胞株)、MIA PaCa−2(膵癌細胞株)、HCT116(結腸腺癌細胞株)、DLD−1細胞(結腸腺癌細胞株)はDME培地、H522(肺腺癌細胞株)、PK45H細胞(膵癌細胞株)はRPMI−1640、LoVo細胞(大腸癌細胞株)はHamF12にそれぞれ10% FCS、0.2mM L−グルタミン、100U/mlペニシリン、100μg/mlストレプトマイシンを加え、5%CO2、37℃で培養した。
siRNAの標的配列(Invitrogen社製)は以下のとおりである。
INCENP(ORF):5’-CAGUGUAGAGAAGCUGGCUACAGUG-3’(配列番号3)
HP1α(5’UTR):5’-CCUUAGUCUUUCAGGUGGAACGGUG-3’(配列番号4)
HP1α(ORF):5’-UAACAAGAGGAAAUCCAAUUUCUCA-3’ (配列番号5)
HP1β(ORF):5’-GGAUAAGUGUUUCAAGGCAACCUUU-3’ (配列番号6)
HP1γ(ORF):5’-UCUUAACUCUCAGAAAGCUGGCAAA-3’ (配列番号7)
細胞は20mM Tris(pH7.4)、100mM NaCl、20mM β−glycerophosphate、5mM MgCl2、1mM NaF、0.1% Triton X−100、10%グリセロール、1mM DTT、0.1μMオカダ酸に、タンパク質分解酵素阻害剤(Complete EDTA−free、ロシュ製)を加えた免疫沈降緩衝液に溶解して用いた。SDS‐PAGEを行い、PVDFメンブレンにトランスファー後、一次抗体はCan Get Signal Immunoreaction Enhancer Solution 1(TOYOBO製)、二次抗体はHRP標識抗体(Amersham製)を用い、ルミノール及びクマル酸(Sigma製)により化学発光させて解析した。ChemDoc XRS(Bio‐Rad製)で画像を取得し、Quality One software(Bio‐Rad製)で解析を行った。
分裂期の細胞は、上記免疫沈降緩衝液に1U/μl OmniCleave Endonuclease(Epicentre製)を加え、4℃で30分間静置した。4℃で15,000rpm、10分間遠心し、上清をさらに遠心し、上清を免疫沈降に用いた。プロテインA‐Sepharose(Bio‐Rad製)に抗体を結合させ、細胞抽出液と反応させて免疫沈降を行った。免疫沈降した試料のイムノブロットには、二次抗体としてペルオキシダーゼ標識Mouse TrueBlot ULTRA、又はRabbit TrueBlot(eBioscience製)を用いた。
細胞は、カバーグラスの上で培養し、4%パラフォルムアルデヒドを含むPHEM緩衝液(60mM PIPES、25mM HEPES、10mM EGTA、2mM MgCl2、pH7.0)又はPBSで室温にて固定した。0.2〜1.0%Triton X−100を含む上記緩衝液で処理し、3% BSAを含む緩衝液でブロッキングを行った。MetaMorph software(MDS Analytical Technologies製)により作動するCoolSNAP HQカメラ(Photometrics製)を装備したAxioImagerM1 miacroscope(Zeiss製)で画像を取得した。蛍光強度の解析はImageJ software(National Institute of Health)によって行った。
キナーゼアッセイは、キナーゼ緩衝液(20mM Tris-HCl、50mM MgCl2、100mM NaCl、20μM ATP、pH7.5)に0.2mCi/ml[γ-32P]ATPに基質を添加して行った。基質はGST‐Hec1(1−80)、又は組換えヒストンH3(New England Biolas製)を用いた。20nM INCENP、120nM GST‐Aurora Bに1μM HP1の存在下、又は非存在下で30℃20分反応させ、Laemmli sample bufferにより反応を停止した。リン酸化はTyphoon scanner(GE Healthcare製)、及び液体シンチレーションカウンターにより解析した。
1.CPCに結合するHP1の量
HP1は、INCENPに結合することによって、CPCに結合することは知られていたが、CPCの機能に対するその相互作用の意義は不明であった(非特許文献5、6)。蛍光顕微鏡観察の結果から、HP1がCPCと同様に有糸分裂時にセントロメアに局在することが明らかとなった。そこで、CPCとHP1の相互作用を免疫沈降によって解析した(図1)。
Aurora Bを介した染色体の分配エラーを低下させる機能は、形質転換していない二倍体細胞である網膜色素細胞株RPE1では、HeLa細胞に比べてより安定に機能することが報告されている(非特許文献7)。そこで、HP1のCPCへの結合と分裂エラーとが相関するか、この2種の細胞株を用いて解析を行った。
次に、CPCに結合しているHP1量を種々の癌細胞を用いて解析した。正常細胞、癌細胞由来の細胞株を用いて、CPCに結合しているHP1α、β、γの量を解析した。ヒト由来の形質転換していない細胞株として、BJ(線維芽細胞株)、TIG−3(胎児肺由来細胞株)、RPE1(網膜色素上皮細胞株)、癌細胞株として、A549(肺胞基底上皮腺癌細胞株)、H522(肺腺癌細胞株)、HeLa(子宮頸癌細胞株)、HT−1080(線維肉腫細胞株)、LoVo(大腸癌細胞株)、MIA PaCa−2(膵癌細胞株)、PK45H(膵癌細胞株)、U2OS(骨肉腫細胞株)から細胞抽出液を調整し、抗INCENP抗体で免疫沈降を行い、共沈してくるINCENP、AuroraB、Survivin、Borealin、HP1の各サブタイプの量を検討した。結果を図3Aに示す。ヒストグラムは、図2Aと同様に、INCENPと共沈してくる各HP1サブタイプの量をRPE1細胞での値を1.0として表示したものである。
HP1のCPCへの結合の機能的重要性を解析するために、すべてのサブタイプのHP1をRNAiにより枯渇させ、CPCの複合体形成を解析した(図4A)。siRNAをトランスフェクションした後、INCENP抗体、又はコントロールIgGで免疫沈降し、CPCを構成するINCENP、Aurora B、Survivin、HP1の各サブタイプをイムノブロット法により解析した。その結果、すべてのサブタイプのHP1の発現を抑制しても、CPCの複合体形成はほとんど影響を受けないことが明らかとなった。
次にAurora Bの活性がHP1によって影響を受けるか解析を行った。HP1の92位のSerのリン酸化を特異的に検出する抗体(以下、抗HP1α−pS92抗体と記載する。)を解析に用いた。
野生型INCENP(WT)、あるいはHP1結合領域を欠失しているINCENP変異体(ΔHP)、及びINCENPのHP1結合領域であるPxVxIの3アミノ酸残基をアラニンに置換した3A変異体(3A、非特許文献6)を培養細胞で安定して発現する形質転換細胞を構築した(図6A)。これら細胞株を用いてHP1のINCENPへの結合がAurora B活性に与える影響を解析した。INCENP変異体を発現している細胞では、INCENP(myc)と共沈してくるHP1は著しく少なく(図6B中央パネル)、また、GST-Hec1を基質としてAurora Bのキナーゼアッセイを行うと野生型のINCENPを発現している細胞と比較して、有意にAurora Bキナーゼ活性が抑制されている(図6B右パネル)。
次に、HP1のCPCへの結合が、正確な細胞分裂に影響を与えるか解析を行った(図9A)。種々の細胞に野生型、又はΔHP変異体を発現させ、さらに内在性のINCENPをRNAiにより枯渇させた。形質転換していないRPE1、TIG-3細胞株では、ΔHP変異体を発現させ、内在性のINCENPを枯渇させると、染色体の分配エラーが増加した。これに対し、癌細胞株ではHP1のCPCへの結合が細胞分裂の安定性に何ら影響を与えなかった。おそらく、癌細胞ではCPCに結合しているHP1の量が既に低下しているので、さらに低下することによる影響はみられないものと考えられる。
上記結果は、癌細胞ではINCENPとHP1の結合が低下し、Aurora Bが適正に機能していないことを示している。したがって、HP1とINCENPを介したCPCの相互作用に影響を与える化合物をスクリーニングすることによって、染色体の不安定性に影響を与える化合物を得ることができる。癌細胞でAuraro Bの機能をさらに低下させる化合物は、癌細胞の染色体不安定性がさらに増すように作用し、癌細胞の細胞分裂を阻害し、死滅させることができると考えられる。癌細胞で見られるAurora Bの脆弱性を利用するような抗癌剤は、癌細胞のみを標的とし得る新しいコンセプトの抗癌剤となる可能性がある。
Claims (7)
- HP1α及び/又はHP1γのリン酸化を指標としてAurora B活性を判定することを特徴とする染色体不安定性評価方法。
- 請求項1記載の染色体不安定性評価方法であって、
前記HP1α及び/又はHP1γのリン酸化は、
ヒトHP1αの92番目のセリンのリン酸化及び/又はヒトHP1γの83番目のセリンのリン酸化であることを特徴とする評価方法。 - 請求項2記載の染色体不安定性評価方法であって、
前記ヒトHP1αの92番目のセリンのリン酸化及び/又はヒトHP1γの83番目のセリンのリン酸化は、抗体によって検出するものであることを特徴とする評価方法。 - 染色体不安定性を評価して抗癌剤をスクリーニングする方法であって、
HP1とINCENPの結合の変動を指標とし、
前記HP1とINCENPの結合の変動の指標がヒトHP1αの92番目のセリンのリン酸化及び/又はヒトHP1γの83番目のセリンのリン酸化であり、
染色体不安定性が増す化合物を選択することを特徴とするスクリーニング方法。 - 請求項4記載の抗癌剤のスクリーニング方法であって、
前記ヒトHP1αの92番目のセリンのリン酸化及び/又はヒトHP1γの83番目のセリンのリン酸化は、抗体によって検出するものであることを特徴とするスクリーニング方法。 - HP1α及び/又はHP1γのリン酸化を検出することにより、
Aurora B活性及び/又は染色体不安定性を判定することを特徴とするヒトHP1αの92番目のセリン及び/又はヒトHP1γの83番目のセリンのリン酸化を特異的に認識する抗体の利用方法。 - 前記HP1α及び/又はHP1γのリン酸化の検出が、
イムノブロット法、免疫沈降法、免疫染色法の少なくともいずれか1つによるものであることを特徴とする請求項6記載の利用方法。
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