JP6590703B2 - Gas-solid separator - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a gas-solid separator.

  As a conventional gas-solid separator, the one described in Patent Document 1 is known. The gas-solid separator has a vertically extending inner cylinder whose lower end is closed by a closing member and whose upper end is opened, an inner cylinder that coaxially covers the inner cylinder from the outside, and a gas vent that communicates with the outside. An outer cylinder formed on the top. A plurality of openings extending in the axial direction of the inner cylinder are provided in the circumferential direction on the side surface on the lower end side of the inner cylinder. The closing member is constituted by a flat plate extending in the horizontal direction.

JP-A-10-249122

  Here, in the gas-solid separator disclosed in Patent Document 1, it has been required to further improve the separation efficiency between gas and solid particles. Then, an object of this invention is to provide the gas-solid separator which can improve the separation efficiency of gas and a solid particle.

  A gas-solid separator according to the present invention is a gas-solid separator that separates gas and solid particles, and includes a vertically extending inner cylinder having a lower end closed by a closing member and an upper end opened, and an inner cylinder And an outer cylinder formed on the upper side with a gas vent that communicates with the outside, and a plurality of openings extending in the axial direction of the inner cylinder are provided on the side surface on the lower end side of the inner cylinder The part is provided in the circumferential direction, and the lower surface of the closing member is positioned upward as it goes from the inner peripheral side to the outer peripheral side.

  According to the gas-solid separator according to the present invention, gas and solid particles flow out from the plurality of openings provided on the side surface on the lower end side of the inner cylinder. A part of the gas sinks downward together with the solid particles, and then rises upward from below. Here, the lower end of the inner cylinder is closed by a closing member, and the lower surface of the closing member is positioned upward as it goes from the inner peripheral side to the outer peripheral side. Therefore, the rising gas is prevented from diffusing in the horizontal direction and flowing along the outer cylinder wall surface when coming into contact with the lower surface of the closing member, and flowing upward along the shape of the lower surface of the closing member. . Thus, since the rising gas flows upward along the inner cylinder, it is possible to suppress the rising gas from rolling up the solid particles falling along the outer cylinder wall surface. Thereby, the separation efficiency between gas and solid particles can be improved.

  In the gas-solid separator according to the present invention, the upper surface of the closing member may be positioned downward as it goes from the outer peripheral side to the inner peripheral side. In this case, when the solid particles falling in the inner cylinder come into contact with the upper surface of the closing member, the solid particles move downward along the shape of the upper surface of the closing member. Thereby, since the impact which arises when solid particles contact the upper surface of a closure member can be reduced, wear of a closure member can be reduced.

  In the gas-solid separator according to the present invention, the closing member may be formed with a communication hole. In this case, the solid particles falling in the inner cylinder fall out of the inner cylinder through the communication hole. Thereby, the residence time in which solid particles stay in the inner cylinder can be reduced, and blockage due to coking or the like can be suppressed.

  In the gas-solid separator according to the present invention, the area of the communication hole may be 0.6% to 20% with respect to the area of the entire closing member. By setting the area of the communication hole to be 0.6% or more, it is possible to suppress solid particles from solidifying on the upper surface of the closing member. By setting the area of the communication hole to 20% or less, it is possible to suppress a decrease in separation efficiency due to the area of the communication hole being too large.

  According to the present invention, the separation efficiency of gas and solid particles can be improved.

It is a perspective view showing a gas-solid separator concerning an embodiment of the present invention partially fractured. It is a cross-sectional view of the gas-solid separator shown in FIG. It is sectional drawing along the III-III line | wire shown in FIG. It is an expanded sectional view for demonstrating the effect | action and effect of the gas-solid separator which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is an expanded sectional view of the gas-solid separator which concerns on a modification. It is a table | surface which shows the experimental result of the gas-solid separator which concerns on an Example and a comparative example. It is a table | surface which shows the experimental result of the gas-solid separator which concerns on an Example.

  DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In the following description, the same or corresponding parts are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description may be omitted.

  First, with reference to FIGS. 1-4, the structure of the gas-solid separator 100 which concerns on this embodiment is demonstrated. The gas-solid separator 100 is configured in a substantially cylindrical double structure mainly composed of an inner cylinder 10 fixed coaxially and an outer cylinder 2 also serving as an envelope, and is used in a vertically extending posture. The

(Inner cylinder structure)
The inner cylinder 10 has a bottomed cylindrical shape extending in the vertical direction, a lower end thereof is closed by a circular bottom plate (blocking member) 11, and an upper end thereof is opened to be an introduction port 1.

  A mixture of solid particles (particulate solid catalyst) and gas is introduced into the inner cylinder 10 from the inlet 1. Regarding the dimension of the inner cylinder 10, its outer diameter D3 is preferably the same as that of a mixture transfer pipe (not shown) that is directly connected to the upstream side, but in order to obtain an appropriate linear velocity of the mixture passing through the inner cylinder 10. It may be down or up. Specifically, the inner cylinder 10 has a linear velocity of 1 m / s to 100 m / s, preferably 3 m / s to 30 m / s, more preferably 5 m / s to 20 m / s. It is preferable to set the diameter.

  A plurality of substantially rectangular openings 4 extending in the axial direction are formed on the side surface of the inner cylinder 10 on the side of the bottom plate 11 in the circumferential direction. In the present embodiment, twelve openings 4 are formed on the side surface of the inner cylinder 10, but may be two or more, preferably eight to sixteen, more preferably ten to fourteen. is there. When the opening 4 is single (less than two), it is inconvenient because it is not possible to satisfactorily form the reversal of the air flow necessary for separation in the inner and outer cylinder gaps. In the case where more than 16 openings 4 are formed, although it depends on the size of the inner cylinder 10 and the like, it is generally not possible to improve the separation efficiency due to the complexity and cost of the separator.

  The opening area of the opening 4 is such that the linear velocity of the mixture passing through the opening 4 is 1 m / s to 40 m / s, preferably 3 m / s to 25 m / s, more preferably 10 m / s, depending on the supply amount of the mixture. It is determined to be ˜25 m / s. When the linear velocity of the mixture passing through the opening 4 is smaller than 1 m / s, it is not preferable because the velocity of the mixture is slow and separation becomes insufficient. Moreover, when the linear velocity of the mixture which passes the opening part 4 is larger than 40 m / s, since the abrasion of the opening part 4, the guide blade 5, and the side wall of the outer cylinder 2 becomes intense, it is not preferable. When the opening area of the opening 4 is determined, the length L and the width W of the opening 4 can be determined accordingly.

  On the side surface of the inner cylinder 10 corresponding to these openings 4, a long curved plate-like guide blade 5 that protrudes outward is provided. That is, the same number of guide vanes 5 as the openings 4 are provided along one long side edge of the openings 4. These guide blades 5 form a certain angle with the inner cylinder radial direction. That is, each guide blade 5 is provided so as to be inclined in a certain circumferential direction so as to cover each opening 4. The inclined shape may be curved as shown in FIGS. 1, 3 and 4, or may be flat as shown in a longitudinal sectional view in FIG. 5 (a). As shown in the longitudinal sectional view in FIG. 5B, a plate shape that is broken in the middle may be used.

  When each guide blade 5 is curved, it is preferable that the side facing the opening 4 is a curved surface, particularly a circular arc, as shown in detail in FIG. When it becomes a cross-sectional arc, it is preferable that the apex angle is set to 70 ° to 120 °.

  In addition, it is preferable that all the guide blades 5 have the same shape and are attached so that all the guide blades 5 are located at the circumferential equal dividing points so that a smooth operation can be obtained as the separator as a whole. Further, the guide blades 5 having a configuration divided into a plurality of parts corresponding to one opening 4 can be provided.

(Configuration of outer cylinder)
The outer cylinder 2 is a cylindrical body that covers the inner cylinder 10 from the outside and is positioned coaxially with the inner cylinder 10. The outer cylinder 2 has, in order from the top, a gas guide cylinder 2c, a cylindrical central outer cylinder 2a, a conical cylinder 2d, and a particle extraction pipe 2e. The central outer cylinder 2a is arranged so as to surround a portion 10a in which a plurality of openings 4 in the inner cylinder 10 are formed. The central outer cylinder 2b preferably extends further downward than the bottom plate 11 of the inner cylinder 10.

  A cylindrical gas guide tube 2c having a diameter smaller than that of the center outer tube 2a is disposed on the center outer tube 2a, and gas outlets 6 are formed at two opposing positions on the side surface of the gas guide tube 2c. Has been. A gas extraction pipe 7 that communicates with the outside and extends in the radial direction is connected to the gas extraction outlet 6. The gas extraction pipe 7 may be inclined upward or downward.

  On the other hand, the lower end of the central outer cylinder 2a is connected with a conical cylinder 2d having a reduced diameter and a particle extraction pipe 2e with a small diameter in this order. Solid particles are discharged from the particle outlet 3 at the lower end of the particle extraction pipe 2e. A steady gas is not discharged from the particle extraction port 3 of the particle extraction tube 2e, but the gas is steadily discharged only through the gas extraction tube 7. Further, the outer cylinder 2 and the inner cylinder 10 communicate with each other only through the opening 4. The opening diameter of the particle outlet 3 of the particle extraction pipe 2e is preferably 0.6 to 2 times the outer diameter D3 of the inner cylinder 10.

  Each of the above-described parts is formed using an appropriate material that can withstand a chemical reaction. For example, stainless steel with good workability and good chemical resistance is a suitable material. In addition, the above-described units may be configured by appropriately combining different materials. That is, each part mentioned above should just be what can obtain required rigidity and tolerance.

(Shape of bottom plate)
As shown in FIG. 4, the lower surface 11 b of the bottom plate 11 is positioned upward as it goes from the inner peripheral side to the outer peripheral side. In the present embodiment, the lower surface 11b has the shape of an end plate. The shape of the end plate is a shape that forms a dome-shaped curved surface that protrudes downward. On the lower surface 11b, the central axis portion is disposed at the lowest position, and the outermost portion is disposed at the highest position. As shown in FIG. 4, the lower surface 11 b having the shape of the end plate has a curved shape in a cross-sectional view. The lower surface 11b has a constant cross-sectional shape around the central axis. Examples of the shape of the lower surface 11b include a half-elliptical cross-sectional shape and a dish shape that curves with a certain radius of curvature. In addition, the curvature radius of the lower surface 11b, the mode of change of the curvature radius, and the like are not particularly limited.

  The upper surface 11c of the bottom plate 11 is positioned downward as it goes from the outer peripheral side to the inner peripheral side. In the present embodiment, the upper surface 11c has the shape of an end plate similar to the lower surface 11b. The upper surface 11c may be curved in the same pattern as the lower surface 11b. On the upper surface 11c, the central axis portion is disposed at the lowest position, and the outermost portion is disposed at the highest position. As shown in FIG. 4, the upper surface 11c having the shape of an end plate has a curved shape in a cross-sectional view. The upper surface 11c has a constant cross-sectional shape around the central axis. Examples of the shape of the upper surface 11c include a half-elliptical cross-sectional shape and a dish-like shape that curves with a certain radius of curvature. In addition, the curvature radius of the upper surface 11c, the mode of change of the curvature radius, and the like are not particularly limited. Further, the thickness of the bottom plate 11, that is, the dimension between the lower surface 11b and the upper surface 11c may be constant or may vary depending on the position.

  As shown in FIG. 4 (see also FIGS. 2 and 3), the bottom plate 11 is located at a position corresponding to the central portion of the inner cylinder 10 (in this embodiment, coincides with the central portion of the bottom plate 11). A circular communication hole 11 a that communicates the inner cylinder 10 and the outer cylinder 2 is provided. Note that the position and number of the communication holes 11a are not particularly limited. A plurality of communication holes 11 a may be formed over the entire bottom plate 11. Further, the shape of the communication hole 11a is not limited to a circle, and for example, a polygonal or slit-shaped communication hole may be formed. The area of the communication hole 11a (the total area in the case of a plurality of holes) is 0.6% to 20% with respect to the entire area of the bottom plate 11. However, the lower limit value may be 0.05%, and the upper limit value may be 30%.

(Operation method and action)
Subsequently, an operation method and operation of the gas-solid separator 100 will be described. A mixture of gas (viscosity μ [Pa · s]) and solid particles (average particle diameter dp [m], particle density ρp [kg / m ³ ]) is introduced from the inlet 1 of the inner cylinder 10 into the inner cylinder 10. And at a predetermined speed (cross-sectional average linear velocity U [m / s]). The solid particles are not particularly limited, for example, an average particle diameter dp of approximately 1Myuemu～500myuemu, include such particle density ρp is 1.5g ^/ cm ³ ~2.5g ^/ cm 3 order of fluid catalytic catalyst (FCC) It is done. Further, the viscosity μ of the gas is usually about 0.001 Pa · s to 0.000005 Pa · s.

  The flow of the mixture (solid particles and gas) steadily moving from the top to the bottom of the figure is blocked by the bottom plate 11 and given a speed in the horizontal direction (horizontal direction), and is formed on the side surface of the inner cylinder 10. Protrudes laterally downward from the opening 4 (see FIG. 2). Here, in FIG.2 and FIG.4, the flow of gas is represented by the solid line arrow, and the flow of the solid particle is represented by the dotted line arrow.

  After that, the gas flows downward from the opening 4, is guided to the inner surface 5 a of the guide blade 5, is slightly swung clockwise as viewed in the vertical axis, and then is adjacent to the guide blade clockwise. 5 rises along the outer surface 5b of the gas 5 and is discharged from the gas outlet 6.

  On the other hand, a part of the solid particles collides with the inner surface 5a of the guide blade 5 and moves downward along the inner surface. Further, the remaining solid particles accompany the gas toward the gas outlet 6. A very small number of solid particles accompanying the gas are discharged from the gas outlet 6 as they are, but most of the solid particles accompanying the gas are changed when the gas flow is reversed from downward to upward. Due to inertia and dead weight, the gas leaves the gas and proceeds downward, and as shown in FIG. 2, it turns along the inner surface of the conical cylinder 2 d and is discharged from the particle outlet 3. Therefore, the gas-solid separator 100 according to this embodiment can effectively separate the mixture of solid particles and gas into solid particles and gas.

  Here, the operation and effect of the bottom plate 11 of the gas-solid separator 100 according to this embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 4 and comparison with a comparative example. 4 (a), (c), (e), and (f) are partial enlarged views of the gas-solid separator 100 according to the present embodiment, and FIGS. 4 (b) and 4 (d) are views of the gas according to the comparative example. It is the elements on larger scale of a solid separator. The gas-solid separator according to the comparative example of FIGS. 4B and 4D includes a flat bottom plate 111 extending in the horizontal direction. Both the lower surface 111b and the upper surface 111c of the bottom plate 111 are flat surfaces extending in the horizontal direction.

  Gas G and solid particles C flow out from a plurality of openings 4 provided on the side surface on the lower end side of the inner cylinder 10. A part of the gas G moves downward together with the solid particles C, and then inverts from below to above. Here, as shown in FIG. 4B, the lower surface 111b of the bottom plate 111 of the gas-solid separator according to the comparative example is a flat surface extending in the horizontal direction. Therefore, the rising gas G is diffused in the horizontal direction by colliding with the lower surface 111b of the bottom plate 11 spreading in the horizontal direction. Thereby, the gas G flows up to the outer cylinder wall surface and along the outer cylinder wall surface. On the other hand, solid particles C that have flowed out of the opening 4 and collided with the outer cylinder wall surface and dropped are falling along the outer cylinder wall surface. Thereby, since the rising gas G flows upward along the outer cylinder wall surface, the rising gas G may wind up the solid particles C falling along the outer cylinder wall surface.

  On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 4A, the lower end of the inner cylinder 10 of the gas-solid separator 100 according to the present embodiment is closed by the bottom plate 11, and the lower surface 11b of the bottom plate 11 is outer peripheral from the inner peripheral side. It is located upward as it goes to the side. Therefore, the rising gas G is prevented from diffusing in the horizontal direction and flowing along the outer cylinder wall surface when contacting the lower surface 11b of the bottom plate 11, and upward along the shape of the lower surface 11b of the bottom plate 11. It flows toward. Thus, since the rising gas G flows upward along the inner cylinder 10, it can suppress that the rising gas G rolls up the solid particle C which falls along the outer cylinder wall surface. Thereby, the separation efficiency between the gas G and the solid particles C can be improved.

  As shown in FIG. 4D, the upper surface 111c of the bottom plate 111 of the gas-solid separator according to the comparative example is a plane extending in the horizontal direction. Therefore, when the solid particles C falling in the inner cylinder 10 come into contact with the upper surface 111 c of the bottom plate 111, the solid particles C collide with the upper surface 11 c of the bottom plate 111 that extends in the vertical direction. Accordingly, there is a possibility that the wear of the bottom plate 111 is promoted by an impact generated when the solid particles C come into contact with the upper surface 111 c of the bottom plate 111.

  On the other hand, as shown in FIG.4 (c), in the gas-solid separator 100 which concerns on this embodiment, the upper surface 11c of the baseplate 11 is located below as it goes to an inner peripheral side from an outer peripheral side. In this case, when the solid particles C falling in the inner cylinder 10 come into contact with the upper surface 11 c of the bottom plate 11, the solid particles C move downward along the shape of the upper surface 11 c of the bottom plate 11. Thereby, since the impact which arises when the solid particle C contacts the upper surface 11c of the bottom plate 11 can be reduced, wear of the bottom plate 11 can be reduced.

  In the gas-solid separator shown in FIG. 4 (f), no communication hole is formed in the bottom plate 11. Therefore, the solid particles C that have fallen in the inner cylinder 10 stay on the upper surface 11 c of the bottom plate 11. Further, even when a peeled material or the like on the wall surface from the upper part of the separator falls, it stays on the upper surface 11c. In addition, a pool of steam introduced in the initial stage occurs. As a result, solid particles or the like may be hardened on the upper surface 11c.

  On the other hand, in the gas-solid separator 100, the bottom plate 111 is formed with a communication hole 11a extending in the vertical direction. In this case, the solid particles C falling in the inner cylinder 10 fall outside the inner cylinder 10 through the communication hole 11a. Thereby, the residence time in which the solid particles C stay in the inner cylinder can be reduced, and blockage due to coking or the like can be suppressed. Moreover, it can also be suppressed that the thing from which the peeling of the wall surface from the separator upper part fell, etc. stays on the upper surface 11c. In addition, it is possible to eliminate the accumulation of steam introduced in the initial stage. Thereby, solidification of solid particles or the like on the upper surface 11c can be reduced.

  The present invention is not limited to the embodiment described above.

  The shape of the lower surface and the upper surface of the bottom plate is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and can be appropriately changed within a range that satisfies the gist of the present invention. For example, you may employ | adopt the baseplate 51 comprised by the cone shape as shown to Fig.5 (a). The bottom surface 51b of the bottom plate 51 extends straightly and obliquely upward from the inner peripheral side to the outer peripheral side in a cross-sectional view. The upper surface 51c of the bottom plate 51 extends straightly and obliquely downward from the outer peripheral side toward the inner peripheral side in a sectional view. The plate thickness of the bottom plate 51 is constant regardless of the location, and the angle formed between the lower surface 51b of the bottom plate 51 and the central axis is the same as the angle formed between the upper surface 51c and the central axis. The angle is defined as a cone angle θ. Note that the cone angle θ of the lower surface 51b and the cone angle θ of the upper surface 51c may be different from each other.

  In the above-described embodiment, the lower surface of the bottom plate is positioned upward as it goes from the inner peripheral side to the outer peripheral side, and the upper surface of the bottom plate is positioned downward as it goes from the outer peripheral side to the inner peripheral side. It was. Alternatively, only the lower surface may have the above-described configuration, and the upper surface may be a flat surface that extends straight in the horizontal direction. For example, in the bottom plate 61 shown in FIG. 5B, the lower surface 61b extends obliquely upward from the inner peripheral side to the outer peripheral side in a cross-sectional view, and the upper surface 61c extends in the horizontal direction. In this case, the effect of reducing wear described in FIG. 4C cannot be obtained on the upper surface 61c side, but the effect of suppressing the winding of the solid particles C described in FIG. 4A is obtained on the lower surface 61b side. be able to. Further, a bottom plate 71 shown in FIG. 5 (c) may be adopted, and the lower surface 71b is formed in a mirror plate shape and extends while being bent obliquely upward from the inner peripheral side to the outer peripheral side in a sectional view. . On the other hand, the upper surface 71c extends in the horizontal direction. The bottom plates 61 and 71 may be hollow.

  In addition, although the bottom plates 51, 61, 71 according to the respective forms of FIGS. 5A, 5B, and 5C have communication holes 51a, 61a, 71a, respectively, the communication holes 51a, 61a, 71a may be omitted.

  Further, the shape of the bottom plate is not limited to the end plate shape or the conical shape as described above, and may be configured such that, for example, the cone angle θ changes in a plurality of steps. Moreover, a part of the lower surface and the upper surface of the bottom plate may be planar.

  Hereinafter, although the gas-solid separator which concerns on one form of this invention is demonstrated concretely based on an Example, the structure of a gas-solid separator is not limited to the following Example.

[Example]
As the gas-solid separator according to Example 1, the gas-solid separator having the communication hole 71a omitted from the configuration shown in FIG. That is, as shown in FIG. 6, the gas-solid separator according to Example 1 is a half-elliptical ellipse in which the upper surface (bottom portion upper shape) of the bottom plate is flat and the lower surface (bottom portion lower shape) of the bottom plate is an end plate shape. It was a body shape, and the area ratio of the communication holes was 0%. The “major radius R: minor radius r” of the lower surface of the bottom plate was “2: 1”. A fluid catalytic cracking catalyst was used as the solid particles. A gas composed of hydrogen, steam, and hydrocarbon was used as the gas.

  As the gas-solid separator according to Example 2, the configuration shown in FIG. That is, as shown in FIG. 6, in the gas-solid separator according to Example 2, the upper surface (bottom upper shape) of the bottom plate is flat, and the lower surface of the bottom plate (bottom lower shape) is a cone angle θ = 75 °. The area ratio of the communication holes was 5%. Other conditions were the same as in Example 1.

  As the gas-solid separator according to Example 3, the configuration shown in FIG. That is, as shown in FIG. 6, the gas-solid separator according to Example 3 has a semi-ellipsoidal shape in which the upper surface (bottom portion upper shape) of the bottom plate is a mirror plate shape, and the lower surface (bottom portion lower shape) of the bottom plate is a mirror plate. The area ratio of the communicating holes was 0%. The “major radius R: minor radius r” of the lower surface and the upper surface of the bottom plate was “2: 1”.

  As the gas-solid separator according to Example 4, a configuration in which the communication hole 51a is omitted from the configuration illustrated in FIG. That is, as shown in FIG. 6, in the gas-solid separator according to Example 4, the upper surface (bottom portion upper shape) of the bottom plate is flat, and the bottom surface (bottom portion lower shape) of the bottom plate is a cone angle θ = 75 °. The area ratio of the communication holes was 0%. Other conditions were the same as in Example 1.

  As the gas-solid separator according to Example 5, the configuration shown in FIG. That is, as shown in FIG. 6, in the gas-solid separator according to Example 5, the upper surface (bottom part upper shape) of the bottom plate is a half-ellipsoidal shape having a mirror plate shape, and the lower surface (bottom part lower shape) of the bottom plate is a mirror plate. The area ratio of the communication holes was 3%. The “major radius R: minor radius r” of the lower surface and the upper surface of the bottom plate was “2: 1”.

  As the gas-solid separator according to Example 6, the configuration shown in FIG. That is, as shown in FIG. 6, in the gas-solid separator according to Example 6, the upper surface (bottom portion upper shape) of the bottom plate is an end plate-like dish shape, and the lower surface of the bottom plate (bottom portion lower shape) is the end plate shape. It was a dish shape, and the area ratio of the communication holes was 10%. The curvature radius r of the lower surface and the upper surface of the bottom plate was 0.1D (D is the diameter of the entire bottom plate).

  As the gas-solid separator according to Example 7, the configuration shown in FIG. That is, as shown in FIG. 6, in the gas-solid separator according to Example 7, the top surface of the bottom plate (bottom top shape) is conical with a cone angle θ = 75 °, and the bottom surface of the bottom plate (bottom bottom shape). Is a cone having a cone angle θ = 75 °, and the area ratio of the communication holes is 5%. Other conditions were the same as in Example 1.

  As the gas-solid separator according to Example 8, the configuration shown in FIG. That is, as shown in FIG. 6, in the gas-solid separator according to Example 8, the upper surface (bottom portion upper shape) of the bottom plate is conical with a cone angle θ = 45 °, and the bottom surface (bottom portion lower shape). Was a conical shape with a conical angle θ = 45 °, and the area ratio of the communicating holes was 15%. Other conditions were the same as in Example 1.

[Comparative example]
As the gas-solid separator according to Comparative Example 1, a gas-solid separator having the communication hole 111a omitted from the configuration shown in FIG. That is, as shown in FIG. 6, in the gas-solid separator according to Comparative Example 1, the upper surface (bottom portion upper shape) of the bottom plate is flat, and the lower surface (bottom portion lower shape) of the bottom plate is flat. The area ratio of the communication holes was 0%. Other conditions were the same as in Example 1.

  As the gas-solid separator according to Comparative Example 2, the configuration shown in FIG. That is, as shown in FIG. 6, in the gas-solid separator according to Comparative Example 2, the upper surface (bottom upper shape) of the bottom plate is flat, and the lower surface (bottom lower shape) of the bottom plate is flat. The area ratio of the communication holes was 3%. Other conditions were the same as in Example 1.

  As the gas-solid separator according to Comparative Example 3, the configuration shown in FIG. That is, as shown in FIG. 6, in the gas-solid separator according to Comparative Example 3, the upper surface (bottom portion upper shape) of the bottom plate is flat, and the lower surface of the bottom plate (bottom portion lower shape) is flat. The area ratio of the communication holes was 5%. Other conditions were the same as in Example 1.

[Evaluation]
As shown in FIG. 6, the separation efficiencies of Comparative Examples 1, 2, and 3 in which the bottom surface of the bottom plate was flat were all less than 93.5%. In comparison, the separation efficiencies of Examples 1 to 8 in which the bottom surface of the bottom plate is a mirror plate shape or a conical shape are at least higher than those of the comparative examples, and can be improved to a value of 95% or more. The separation efficiency is calculated by “(separation efficiency) = (1− (weight of solid entrained in gas) ÷ (weight of introduced solid)) × 100 (%)”. From this result, it is understood that the separation efficiency is improved by adopting a configuration in which the bottom surface of the bottom plate is positioned upward as it goes from the inner peripheral side to the outer peripheral side.

  The relative wear rate of Comparative Examples 1, 2, and 3 in which the upper surface of the bottom plate is flat is 1.0, and the relative wear rate of Examples 1 and 2 in which the upper surface of the bottom plate is flat is 0.9. there were. The relative wear rate is a relative value when the wear amount (thinning) in Comparative Example 1 is 1. In comparison, the relative wear rates of Examples 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 in which the upper surface of the closing member is a mirror plate shape or a conical shape are at least smaller than 0.9 and reduced to 0.5 or less. I was able to. From this result, it is understood that the relative wear rate can be reduced by adopting a configuration in which the upper surface of the bottom plate is positioned downward as it goes from the outer peripheral side to the inner peripheral side.

[Evaluation of communication hole area]
In order to evaluate the area of the communication hole, the following Examples 9 to 14 were prepared. As the gas-solid separator according to Example 9, the same conditions as in Example 4 except that the area ratio of the communication holes was 0.5% were adopted. As the gas-solid separator according to Example 10, the same conditions as in Example 4 except that the area ratio of the communication holes was 0.6% were adopted. As the gas-solid separator according to Example 11, the same conditions as in Example 4 except that the area ratio of the communication holes was 3% were adopted. As the gas-solid separator according to Example 12, the same conditions as in Example 4 except that the area ratio of the communication holes was 15% were adopted. As the gas-solid separator according to Example 13, the same conditions as in Example 4 except that the area ratio of the communication holes was 20% were adopted. As the gas-solid separator according to Example 14, the same conditions as in Example 4 except that the area ratio of the communication holes was 21% were adopted. For Examples 4, 7, and 9 to 14, separation efficiency and adhesion rate were measured. The measurement results are shown in the table of FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 7, when Examples 10, 11, and 7 are compared with Examples 4 and 9, it is understood that the adhering rate can be remarkably reduced by setting the communication hole area ratio to 0.6% or more. Is done. Further, when Examples 12 and 13 are compared with Example 14, it is understood that the separation efficiency can be suppressed from being lowered more than necessary by setting the communication hole area ratio to 20% or less.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 4 ... Opening part, 7 ... Gas extraction pipe | tube, 10 ... Inner cylinder, 11 ... Closure member (bottom plate), 11a ... Communication hole, 11b ... Lower surface, 11c ... Upper surface, 100 ... Gas-solid separator.

Claims (4)

A gas-solid separator for separating gas and solid particles,
An inner cylinder extending in the vertical direction with the lower end closed by a closing member and the upper end opened;
The outer cylinder is coaxially covered from the outside and has an outer cylinder formed at the top with a gas vent that communicates with the outside.
A plurality of openings extending in the axial direction of the inner cylinder are provided in a circumferential direction on a side surface on the lower end side of the inner cylinder,
A gas-solid separator, wherein the lower surface of the closing member is positioned upward as it goes from the inner peripheral side to the outer peripheral side.   2. The gas-solid separator according to claim 1, wherein an upper surface of the closing member is positioned downward from the outer peripheral side toward the inner peripheral side.   The gas-solid separator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a communication hole is formed in the closing member.   The gas-solid separator according to claim 3, wherein an area of the communication hole is 0.6% to 20% with respect to an area of the entire closing member.

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