JP6589910B2 - Vernier caliper for measuring rail head width, rail head width measuring method, and rail manufacturing method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a rail head width measuring caliper for measuring a rail head width, a rail head width measuring method, and a rail manufacturing method.

  For rails used in railways as a means of transporting passengers and cargo, shape inspection is performed during the rail manufacturing process and maintenance when the rails are used. On the other hand, since the upper surface of the rail head has a curved surface shape, when an operator uses a general caliper and measures the width of the rail head, the caliper is a normal measurement for the rail head. There is a concern that the measurement error due to the change of the operator is easily generated due to the position and the measurement posture, and that even the same operator may vary from measurement to measurement. Further, the side surface of the rail head has an inclined plane shape that spreads downward in the vertical direction when the rail stands in a cross section perpendicular to the rail longitudinal direction. Therefore, when measuring the position of the boundary between the upper surface and the side surface of the rail head as the rail head width, the tip of the caliper outer measurement jaw is positioned between the upper surface and the side surface of the rail head, which is the normal measurement position. There is a possibility that the rail head width cannot be measured at the regular measurement position because it hits below the boundary.

  In Patent Document 1, in order to measure the cross-sectional shape of the rail head, an emitting unit that emits laser light in a direction along the surface of the rail head, and the emitted laser light are reflected and applied to the rail. A rail cross-section shape measuring device composed of a reflection unit, a detection unit that detects laser light reflected by the rail, and a position setting unit that sets the position of the emission unit relative to the rail to be movable is fixed to the rail. A technique for measuring the rail head width is disclosed.

  In Patent Document 2, in order to measure the wear of the rail head, two micrometers that can be brought into contact with the top surface of the rail head and the R surface portion on the inner rail side are joined to the top surface of the rail head. A fixed-side instrument body having a clamping device, a movable-side instrument body having a measurement reference surface setting portion that engages with the outer gauge side jaw of the rail head, A technique for measuring a rail head width by fixing a rail wear measuring device configured as described above to a rail head is disclosed.

  In Patent Document 3, in order to measure the displacement and the amount of wear in the width direction of the rail head, in a rail measurement device using a coordinate measuring machine, a frame that follows the rail displacement, a laser beam reflector fixed to the frame, And the technique which comprises a target part from the short-range laser rangefinder which measures the distance from a flame | frame to a rail side surface, attaches this target to the moving body on a rail, and measures the rail head width is disclosed.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2015-14484 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-73401 JP-A-6-323829

  However, in the techniques disclosed in Patent Documents 1 to 3, an apparatus for measuring the rail head width becomes large. Therefore, measure the rail head width by fixing the device to the rail head or moving body in a rail production line or in a state where multiple rails are in close contact in parallel at the rail post-production. I can't. Even if the apparatus can be fixed to the rail head or the moving body and the width of the rail head can be measured, there is a problem that the measurement efficiency is poor because it takes time to fix and measure the apparatus.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and its purpose is to provide a rail head width measuring caliper capable of accurately and easily measuring the rail head width, and rail head width measurement. It is to provide a method and a method of manufacturing a rail.

  In order to solve the above-described problems and achieve the object, the rail head width measuring caliper according to the present invention includes a main scale with a main scale, a fixed jaw provided on the main scale, A slide member provided to be slidable in the longitudinal direction of the main scale with respect to the main scale, and a movable jaw provided on the slide member, and is fixed to the rail head of the rail to be measured. A rail caliper for measuring the width of the rail head by bringing the jaw and the movable jaw into contact with each other, wherein the surface of the movable jaw in the longitudinal direction of the fixed jaw is a fixed jaw measurement surface portion. The fixed jaw measuring surface portion is continuous with a reference end surface that is an end surface on each jaw side of the main scale, and the uppermost portion of the rail head in the vertical direction when the rail stands. Rail head from top The fixed jaw slope portion extends vertically from the reference end surface by the same length as the distance to the width measurement position, and the fixed jaw slope portion is continuous with the fixed jaw measurement surface portion, Is inclined with respect to the fixed jaw measurement surface portion at the same inclination angle as the head side surface of the rail head on the opposite side, and the surface of the fixed jaw side in the longitudinal direction of the main jaw of the movable jaw A movable jaw measuring surface portion protruding toward the fixed jaw side is provided at a position away from the reference end face in the main scale width direction, which is the direction perpendicular to the main scale longitudinal direction, by the same length as the distance. It is a feature.

  The rail head width measuring caliper according to the present invention is characterized in that, in the above invention, the movable jaw measuring surface portion is hemispherical.

  The rail head width measuring caliper according to the present invention is characterized in that, in the above invention, a slide mechanism is provided that can move the fixed jaw measuring surface portion and the movable jaw measuring surface portion in the full width direction. Is.

  The rail head width measuring caliper according to the present invention is configured such that, in the above invention, the fixed jaw is detachable with respect to the main scale, and the movable jaw is detachable with respect to the slide member. It is characterized by that.

  The rail head width measuring method according to the present invention is characterized in that the rail head width is measured using the rail head width measuring calipers of the above invention.

  Moreover, the manufacturing method of the rail based on this invention has the process of measuring a rail head width by the rail head width measuring method of said invention, It is characterized by the above-mentioned.

  The rail head width measuring caliper, the rail head width measuring method, and the rail manufacturing method according to the present invention have an effect that the rail head width can be measured accurately and easily.

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing each part of a rail that is an object to be measured. FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram of a caliper that is a rail head width measuring caliper according to the embodiment. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a procedure 1 when measuring the rail head width using a caliper. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a procedure 2 when the rail head width is measured using a caliper. FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a procedure 3 when the rail head width is measured using a caliper.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of a rail head width measuring caliper, a rail head width measuring method, and a rail manufacturing method according to the present invention will be described. In addition, this invention is not limited by this embodiment.

  First, prior to the description of the embodiment, an outline of a rail manufacturing method according to the present embodiment will be described. In the rail manufacturing method according to the present embodiment, the material bloom that has been reheated in the heating furnace is rolled by a breakdown rolling machine so as to have a rail shape. Next, the material bloom rolled by the breakdown rolling mill is hot-rolled by a rough rolling mill or a finish rolling mill until a predetermined rail shape is obtained. The hot-rolled rail is left as it is or divided in the longitudinal direction by a sawing machine and sent to a cooling device to be cooled. Further, the rail manufacturing method according to the present embodiment includes an inspection process in which an operator measures the rail head width using a caliper and inspects whether the standard defined for each rail type is satisfied. is doing.

  FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing each part of a rail 1 that is an object to be measured. The rail 1 is composed of three parts, a rail head part 11, a rail abdomen part 12, and a rail foot part 13. Further, the surface of the rail head portion 11 includes a parietal surface central portion 11a, parietal surface end portions 11b and 11c, head side surfaces 11d and 11e, and chin lower surfaces 11f and 11g.

The parietal surface central portion 11a has a curved surface shape whose center is higher than both ends in the rail width direction, which is a direction orthogonal to the rail longitudinal direction, and the rail width direction center of the parietal surface central portion 11a is the rail head portion 11. In the up-down direction when the rail stands up, the top portion P ₁ is the highest position on the rail 1. The parietal surface end portions 11b and 11c are respectively continuous with the parietal surface central portion 11a, and have a curved surface shape with a larger curvature than the parietal surface central portion 11a. The head side surfaces 11d and 11e are continuous with the top surface end portions 11b and 11c, respectively, and start from the boundary between the top surface end portions 11b and 11c and the head side surfaces 11d and 11e with respect to the vertical direction when the rail stands. And an inclined plane shape inclined at an angle θ. In the present embodiment, the boundary between the top surface end portion 11b and the head side surface 11d and the boundary between the top surface end portion 11c and the head side surface 11e are height positions when the rail head width W is measured. The measurement height positions P ₂ and P ₃ are set, and the distance between the measurement height position P ₂ and the measurement height position P _{3 in} the rail width direction is measured as the rail head width W. The lower chin surfaces 11f and 11g are respectively continuous with the head side surfaces 11d and 11e and the surface of the rail abdomen 12, and the boundary between the head side surfaces 11d and 11e and the lower chin surfaces 11f and 11g is the starting point with respect to the rail width direction. It has an inclined plane shape inclined at a predetermined angle.

Here, the dimension of the rail head width W is defined by the rail rail standard. For example, in the case of the rail EN standard (EN13674-1: 2011 (E)) 60E1, The rail head width W is defined as 72 [mm] at the measurement height positions P ₂ and P ₃ where the distance L from the topmost part P ₁ of the rail head 11 is 14.3 [mm]. The rail head width W in the actual product is determined to be in the range of 72 [mm] ± 0.5 [mm].

  Drawing 2 is a schematic structure figure of caliper 2 which is a caliper for rail head width measurement concerning an embodiment. The caliper 2 includes a main scale 21 with a main scale 21a, a fixed jaw 22 fixed to the main scale 21, a slider 23 provided to be slidable in the main scale longitudinal direction with respect to the main scale 21, This is a so-called electronic caliper provided with a movable jaw 24 provided on the slider 23 and a display unit 25 provided on the slider 23 for displaying a measured value. The caliper to which the present invention can be applied is not limited to an electronic caliper. For example, a slider slidable with respect to the main scale may be provided with a vernier scale instead of a display unit. Good.

A surface of the fixed jaw 22 on the movable jaw 24 side in the longitudinal direction of the main scale is composed of a fixed jaw measurement surface portion 22a and a fixed jaw slope portion 22b. Fixed jaw measurement surface 22a is the main beam 21 is an end of the fixed jaw 22 and movable jaw 24 side is continuous with the reference edge surface 21b, the measurement height in the vertical direction from the highest portion P ₁ of the rail 1 at the rail standing The length L is the same as the distance L to the positions P ₂ and P ₃ , and extends vertically from the reference end face 21 b (in the main scale width direction, which is a direction orthogonal to the main scale longitudinal direction). The fixed jaw slope 22b is continuous with the fixed jaw measurement surface 22a, and is fixed at the same angle θ as the head side surface 11d of the rail head 11 on the opposite side to the movable jaw 24 side in the main scale longitudinal direction. It is inclined with respect to the jaw measurement surface portion 22a.

  Further, a movable jaw measuring surface portion 24a having a hemispherical shape protruding toward the fixed jaw 22 is provided on the surface of the movable jaw 24 on the fixed jaw 22 side in the longitudinal direction of the main scale, and the distance L from the reference end surface 21b. The axis of the movable jaw measurement surface portion 24a is located at a position separated by the same length L in the main scale width direction. In addition, the movable jaw measurement surface portion 24a can have a hemispherical shape or a conical shape, for example, and is preferably hemispherical from the viewpoint of operability during measurement.

  FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a procedure 1 when the rail head width W is measured using the caliper 2. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a procedure 2 when the rail head width W is measured using the caliper 2. FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a procedure 3 when the rail head width W is measured using the caliper 2. In FIGS. 3 to 5, the caliper 2 is drawn so that the drawings are easy to see, such as the illustration of the main scale 21 a is omitted.

When an operator measures the rail head width W using the caliper 2 according to the present embodiment in the inspection process at the time of rail manufacture, maintenance at the time of using the rail, etc., as shown in FIG. , with the intervals were greater than the rail head width W of the fixed jaw measurement surface 22a and the movable jaw measuring surface 24a, and the reference end surface 21b of the caliper 2, to point contact the topmost portion P ₁ of the rail head 11 . Next, as step 2, as shown in FIG. 4, in contact reference end face 21b and the topmost portion P ₁ transgression point, by moving the main scale 21 with respect to the rail head 11, the fixed jaw of the fixed jaw 22 The slope 22b and the head side surface 11d of the rail head 11 are brought into contact with each other. In this case, the measurement height position P ₂ in head and side surfaces 11d of the rail head 11, a state in which the fixed jaw measurement surface 22a is in line contact. Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 5, as shown in FIG. 5, the movable jaw measurement surface portion 24 a of the movable jaw 24 is moved to the measurement height position P ₃ of the rail head 11 by sliding the slider 23 with respect to the main scale 21. Make point contact. And the measurement of the rail head width W is completed by reading the numerical value displayed on the display part 25 of the caliper 2.

In the measurement of the rail head width W using calipers 2 according to this embodiment, a top most P ₁ is a point contact of the reference edge surface 21b and the rail head 11, the measurement of the fixed jaw measurement surface 22a and the rail head portion 11 height P ₂ and allowed to line contact, by contacting the head side 11d face of the fixed jaw slope portion 22b and the rail head 11, the measurement position and measurement posture of the caliper 2 is normalized with respect to the rail head 11 Therefore, it is possible to suppress the caliper 2 from being inclined in accordance with the curved surface shape of the parietal surface central portion 11a and the parietal surface end portions 11b and 11c. Further, since the movable jaw measurement surface portion 24a is hemispherical, the movable jaw measurement surface portion 24a can be placed on the rail head regardless of the shape of the head side surface 11e even when the caliper 2 is positioned with respect to the rail head portion 11. It is possible to make point contact with the measurement height position P ₃ of the part 11. Thus, the rail head width W at the measurement height positions P ₂ and P ₃ can be measured without the caliper 2 being deviated from the normal measurement position and measurement posture with respect to the rail head 11. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the measurement error due to the change of the worker and the variation of the measurement result of the rail head width W for each measurement even for the same worker, and measure the rail head width W with high accuracy. be able to.

  Further, the caliper 2 according to the present embodiment has a specially shaped measuring surface portion such as the fixed jaw inclined surface portion 22b and the movable jaw measuring surface portion 24a, but is a caliper having a simple configuration. Therefore, the rail head width W can be easily measured efficiently in a short time.

Depending by rail軌種head side 11d, 11e angle θ or, the distance L from the topmost portion _{P 1} to the height position _P 2, _{P 3} measured different. Therefore, a slide type position adjusting mechanism that can slide the fixed jaw 22 and the movable jaw 24 in the main scale width direction of the caliper 2 to adjust the positions of the fixed jaw measuring surface portion 22a and the movable jaw measuring surface portion 24a may be provided. Good. Further, the main scale 21 so that the fixed jaw 22 and the movable jaw 24 having the fixed jaw measuring surface portion 22a and the movable jaw measuring surface portion 24a can be rearranged according to the rail gauge and the measurement height positions P ₂ and P _3. Alternatively, the fixed jaw 22 may be configured to be removable, or the movable jaw 24 may be configured to be removable from the slider 23. Thereby, since the main scale 21 provided in one caliper 2, the slider 23, etc. can be diverted with respect to several rail gauges, it is lower than the case where exclusive calipers 2 are used for every rail gauge. It becomes possible to reduce the cost and the storage space.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Rail 2 Vernier caliper 11 Rail head part 11a Head top surface center part 11b Head top face end part 11c Head top face end part 11d Head side face 11e Head side face 11f Jaw lower face 11g Jaw lower face 12 Rail abdomen 13 Rail foot part 21 Scale 21a Scale scale 21b Reference end face 22 Fixed jaw 22a Fixed jaw measurement surface portion 22b Fixed jaw slope portion 23 Slider 24 Movable jaw 24a Movable jaw measurement surface portion 25 Display portion

Claims (6)

A main scale with a main scale,
A fixed jaw provided on the main scale;
A slide member provided to be slidable in the main scale longitudinal direction with respect to the main scale;
A movable jaw provided on the slide member;
With
A rail caliper for measuring the width of the rail head by measuring the width of the rail head by bringing the fixed jaw and the movable jaw into contact with the rail head of the rail to be measured,
The surface on the movable jaw side in the main scale longitudinal direction of the fixed jaw is composed of a fixed jaw measurement surface portion and a fixed jaw slope portion,
The fixed jaw measurement surface portion is continuous with a reference end surface that is an end surface on each jaw side of the main scale, and a distance from the top of the rail head to the rail head width measurement position in the vertical direction when the rail stands. Extends vertically from the reference end face by the same length as
The fixed jaw slope portion is continuous with the fixed jaw measurement surface portion, and the fixed jaw measurement is performed on the opposite side of the main jaw longitudinal direction from the movable jaw side at the same inclination angle as the head side surface of the rail head. Inclined to the surface,
On the surface on the fixed jaw side in the main scale longitudinal direction of the movable jaw, at a position away from the reference end face in the main scale width direction, which is the direction orthogonal to the main scale longitudinal direction, by the same length as the distance. A movable jaw measuring surface portion protruding toward the fixed jaw side is provided,
A caliper for measuring the width of the rail head. In the caliper for measuring the rail head width according to claim 1,
A rail caliper for measuring the width of the rail head, wherein the movable jaw measuring surface portion is hemispherical. In the caliper for measuring the rail head width according to claim 1 or 2,
A rail caliper for measuring the width of the rail head, comprising a slide mechanism capable of moving the fixed jaw measuring surface portion and the movable jaw measuring surface portion in the main scale width direction. In the caliper for measuring the rail head width according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
A rail head width measuring caliper, wherein the fixed jaw is configured to be detachable from the main scale, and the movable jaw is configured to be detachable from the slide member.   A rail head width measuring method, wherein the rail head width is measured using the rail head width measuring caliper according to any one of claims 1 to 4.   A rail head width measuring method according to claim 5, further comprising a step of measuring the rail head width.

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