JP6586674B2 - Falling material catcher and Jizan method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a technique for capturing a falling material such as a rock or driftwood that is moved by running water.

  In general, various dams have been proposed for the purpose of forestry. In such a dam, there is a dam structure as a falling material capturing body that captures falling materials such as stones and driftwood that move with water. As the dam structure, for example, a slit dam using a frame member such as a steel pipe or L-shaped steel is known (Patent Documents 1 and 2). In this slit dam, a plurality of crosspiece members are vertically arranged in a quadrilateral frame body with a longitudinally spaced slit frame facing the downstream side, and the slit frame is supported by the support frame on the downstream side. The slit dam is fixed with the lower part of the slit frame and the lower part of the support frame embedded in a concrete base.

  The slit dam is disposed in a gap formed between the left and right dam portions made of concrete. Moreover, such a dam is generally arranged in a downstream area of a mountainous or mountainous river. When heavy rain falls and rainwater flows into the upstream of the river, the flowing water may involve rocks and driftwood and flow down from the upstream side to the downstream side as a debris flow. When a debris flow reaches the slit dam, rocks and driftwood are captured by the slit dam, and the muddy water passes through the slit frame.

  Such a dam prevents rocks and driftwood from moving further downstream than the dam position, and prevents the occurrence of disasters due to debris flow.

  By the way, the construction of the dam is a large-scale civil engineering work, and it takes a long time from the start of construction to completion. In particular, the slit dam is brought into the construction site in a pre-assembled state, and even if it is placed at a predetermined position by a crane or the like, it requires foundation work such as concrete driving thereafter. For this reason, it is necessary to select a period when rainfall is low.

  In addition, construction sites where heavy machinery such as cranes can be used are limited to places where roads such as forest roads where trucks can pass are extended because heavy machinery must be carried in, and work roads can be installed as necessary. Often constructed.

  On the other hand, the slit dam has a structure in which a plurality of frame members having different sizes such as length and shape are combined. For this reason, it is necessary to prepare a plurality of frame members having different sizes for one slit dam. In addition, when assembling the slit dam at the construction site, the fastening method between the frame members is not uniform, which complicates the assembling work.

JP 2013-117118 A JP 2014-173232 A

  By the way, one of the soil erosion traces that is less than 30cm in depth due to groove-like erosion caused by running water on the ground surface (excluding those that collect water topographically, such as the head of a river) is called “Lil”. “Grill” refers to those that have reached a depth of 30 cm or more due to the further development of “Lil” (excluding those that collect water topographically, such as the head of a river, and those that always have running water).

  In general, when the mountain surface near the summit or ridge is roughened by volcanic activity or a weather disaster, the slope on the mountainside is eroded and rilled due to rainfall, and a deep groove (gully) may be formed in a V shape.

  As the gully gets deeper, both wall surfaces of the gully are also shaved, increasing the width of the gully. Rocks and fallen trees flow downward along with running water. When the depth of the gully is shallow, stones of small size such as gravel flow, and as the gully gets deeper, large rocks are dug out and flow down as a debris flow.

  Therefore, if the flow of debris can be reduced when the gully is still shallow in the hillside area, the impact on the downstream area can be reduced as the gully expands.

  However, the conventional slit dam is a structure that is installed with foundation work by placing concrete, and is not based on the assumption that it can be constructed simply by placing it on a target area for mountain conservation such as gully. In addition, the conventional slit dam has a structure in which a plurality of frame members having different sizes such as length and shape are combined. However, if it can be composed of the same size frame member, the cost can be reduced, and a single fastening method can be used. Assembly work is possible.

  On the other hand, it is desirable not only to stop the flow of rocks, sand and gravel, driftwood, etc., but also to restore the vegetation to preserve the environment and manage the mountain.

  The first object of the present invention is to provide a falling material capturing body that captures stones and wood flowing together with water without requiring foundation work and allows water to pass through.

  The second object of the present invention is to provide a forestry construction method capable of effectively capturing the falling material and recovering the vegetation.

The first configuration of the falling object capturing body that realizes the first object of the present invention relates to a falling object capturing body that captures falling objects such as rocks and driftwood that are placed on the ground and supplied from the upstream side. This falling object capturing body is constituted by a tetrahedron formed in a frame shape, and any one of the four frame-shaped surfaces is used as a bottom frame part to be placed on the ground, and the other three surfaces with respect to the bottom frame part. It shall be the capture surface frame part forming the capture surface of the falling matter projecting upward Te.

And in the frame shape which is formed in tetrahedral includes a frame member for three bottom constituting the bottom frame part, three frame for capturing surfaces constituting the capture surface frame part of the three-sided The three frame members for the bottom surface have a frame-shaped triangle formed by abutting the ends of the frame member for the other bottom surface with both ends of the frame member for one bottom surface. The three capture surface frame portions are abutted with the butted portions on the bottom surface side of the frame members for the bottom surface of the respective capture surface frame members, The other end of the frame member for the upper surface is abutted against the abutting portion on the top side, and the frame member for the bottom surface and the frame member for the capturing surface are located at the upper and lower ends in the height direction of the web. With I-shaped steel or H-shaped steel with flanges formed respectively It is characterized in that form.

The second configuration of the falling matter catching member for realizing the first object of the present invention, in the configuration described above, the tetrahedra, characterized in that it is a regular tetrahedron.

A third configuration of the falling object capturing body that realizes the first object of the present invention is characterized in that, in any of the above-described configurations, the top surface of the tetrahedron is sharpened.

According to a fourth configuration of the falling matter capturing body for realizing the first object of the present invention, in any one of the configurations described above, the bottom frame member and the capturing frame member have the same shape at both ends. The butt portion is formed by a web inclined side in which the tip of the web is inclined at a first inclination angle with respect to the longitudinal direction, and the tips of the upper and lower flange portions are left and right in the width direction. It has a flange inclined side which inclines symmetrically to the second inclination angle.

First fifth structure of the falling matter catching member for realizing the object of the present invention, in the configuration of Zureka to be above, the butted portion is to connect the frame members adjacent, the frame member It is fixed by fastening the fastening plates provided so as to be clamped with bolts and nuts.

According to a sixth configuration of the falling object capturing body for realizing the first object of the present invention, in any of the configurations described above, the bottom frame portion has an anchor bolt hole into which an upper end portion of the anchor bolt is inserted. It is formed.

The first configuration of afforestation method to realize the second object of the present invention, the forest conservation target, characterized in that the flow under matter capturing of any of the above configuration plurality installed on one or width direction.

The second configuration of afforestation method to realize the second object of the present invention, in the first configuration of afforestation method described above, the downstream side of the flow under matter capturing body, a plurality of the said one or juxtaposed against falling matter catching member, but allow water to pass through a plurality placed in one or juxtaposed filter to non-passage of sediment, the one or juxtaposed plurality of filters and the one or more flow under product to be It is characterized in that a space for depositing non-passing earth and sand is formed between the trapping body.

  According to a third configuration of the forestry method for realizing the second object of the present invention, in the configuration of any of the above-mentioned forestry methods, the plurality of the falling material capturing bodies arranged side by side are adjacent to the falling material capturing bodies. Are connected by a connecting member.

  The fourth structure of the forestry method for realizing the second object of the present invention is the same as the second or third structure of the above-mentioned forestry method, the one falling object capturing body or the plurality of the falling objects arranged in parallel. The capturing body and one or a plurality of filters installed corresponding to the falling material capturing body constitute a set of falling material capturing system, and a plurality of the falling material capturing systems are installed from the upstream side toward the downstream side. It is characterized by.

According to a fifth configuration of the forestry method for realizing the second object of the present invention, in any one of the above-mentioned forestry methods, the falling material capturing body of any of the above-mentioned forestry methods is used as the first falling material capturing body. The second falling material capturing body in which the falling material capturing body of any one of the first to third configurations of the falling material capturing body is made of wood is installed upstream of the first falling material capturing body. It is characterized by.

  According to a sixth construction of the forestry method for realizing the second object of the present invention, in any of the constructions of the above-mentioned forestry construction method, the falling object catching body has a triangular corner in the bottom frame portion at the upstream side or the downstream side. It is characterized by being installed toward the side.

  According to a seventh configuration of the forestry method for realizing the second object of the present invention, in the configuration of any of the above-mentioned forestry methods, a plurality of the falling material capturing bodies arranged side by side are used as mainstream waste capturing bodies, In the region formed between the main flow-through traps, a sub-flow trap body having the same structure as that of the flow-down traps is installed.

  According to the falling matter capturing body according to the present invention, it is possible to capture rocks and driftwood that flow down due to rain and to prevent, for example, galley erosion simply by being placed on the ground. For this reason, foundation work such as concrete placing is not required at the installation location, and the falling material capturing body can be installed at the target location at a low cost and in a short time.

  Moreover, since it is configured in a tetrahedral frame shape, it is robust and can be reduced in weight.

Moreover, according to this invention, a falling thing capture body can be comprised with six frame members. In addition, since the end of one frame member is associated with the end of the adjacent frame member, even if a huge rock collides with the falling object capturing body, the impact force is distributed almost evenly to each frame member. The rock can be captured without damaging the falling object capturing body. Furthermore, since a highly rigid frame member is used, the frame member can be manually transported to the installation site because it is excellent in impact resistance against massive rocks that flow down at high speed and is lightweight.

According to the invention which concerns on Claim 2 , by making a falling thing capture body into a regular tetrahedron, any surface of four surfaces can be made into a bottom face, and the direction of the surface at the time of installation is not mistaken. Moreover, the length of the frame member which comprises each surface can be made equal, cost reduction can be aimed at and assembly can be performed easily.

According to the invention which concerns on Claim 3 , when the rock and driftwood which flow down from an upstream collide, it will bite into the ground in which the top face where the bottom face was installed by impact force, and a fallen thing catcher is moved from an installation position. Can be prevented.

According to the invention which concerns on Claim 4 , all the frame members which comprise a falling thing capture body can be made compatible, and the front-end | tip of each corner | angular part can be sharpened. Then, the corresponding inclined surfaces of other frame members to be abutted against each other can be brought into contact with one frame member, and the impact force can be further dispersed.

According to the invention which concerns on Claim 5 , all the frame members can be firmly fixed by simple structure.

According to the invention which concerns on Claim 6 , when there exists a possibility that a falling thing capture body may move by the impact of the falling rock and driftwood, it can be proposed to use an anchor bolt. The falling material capturing body can be fixed to the anchor bolt only by forming the anchor bolt hole.

According to the forestry method according to claim 7 of the present invention, it is possible to prevent erosion of the target of mountain conservation by rocks and driftwood flowing down due to rain water or the like.

According to the invention which concerns on Claim 8 , earth and sand can be deposited and greened in the space provided between filters, and a mountain conservation can be aimed at. In addition, since sediment is deposited on the downstream side of the falling matter capturing body by the filter, it is possible to prevent the downstream side of the falling matter capturing body from being scoured by running water.

According to the invention which concerns on Claim 9 , when the fallen thing capture bodies arranged in parallel are connected with a volt | bolt etc., the fallen thing capture bodies can be connected rigidly, and when connected with a wire or a chain, each fallen thing capture body is to some extent. It can be moved freely.

According to the invention which concerns on Claim 10 , it can respond with respect to a wide range of forested object.

According to the invention which concerns on Claim 11 , the speed of a rock and a driftwood can be reduced with the 2nd fallen thing capture body, and the damage of a 1st fallen thing capture body can be reduced.

According to the twelfth aspect of the present invention, if the triangular corners of the bottom frame are installed facing the upstream side, when the rocks collide, the impact velocity is reduced and the rear frame is easily moved to the downstream side obliquely. Can be made. Moreover, if the triangular corner | angular part in a bottom face frame part is installed toward a downstream, a rock and the like which collide will be received and a falling thing can be caught easily.

According to the thirteenth aspect of the present invention, since the rocks and driftwood that could not be captured by the mainstream falling matter capturing body can be captured by the secondary falling matter capturing body, the rocks and driftwood flowing down to the downstream side can be reduced.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The front view which shows 1st Embodiment of the fallen thing capturing body by this invention. FIG. 2 is a top view of the falling material capturing body of FIG. 1. (A) is a front view of the frame member which comprises the falling thing capture body of FIG. 1, (b) is an enlarged perspective view of the front-end | tip part of a frame member. The fastening plate for fastening the frame member shown in FIG. 1 by bolting is shown, (a) is a front view, (b) is an AA arrow view of (a). The BB arrow line view of FIG. The figure which shows the driving | running state of an anchor bolt. The figure which looked at the state which installed the falling thing capture body in the gully from the upstream side. The side view of FIG. The top view which shows 2nd Embodiment. The side view of FIG. The schematic plan view which shows 3rd Embodiment. The schematic plan view which shows the modification of 3rd Embodiment. The schematic plan view which shows 4th Embodiment. The figure which shows 5th Embodiment. The figure which shows 6th Embodiment.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail based on embodiments shown in the drawings.

First Embodiment FIG. 1 is a front view showing a first embodiment of a falling material capturing body according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a top view of the falling material capturing body of FIG. FIG. 3A is a front view of a frame member that constitutes the falling object capturing body of FIG. 1, and FIG. 3B is an enlarged perspective view of a front end portion of the frame member. 4 shows a fastening plate for fastening the frame member shown in FIG. 1 by bolting, (a) is a front view, and (b) is an AA arrow view of (a). FIG. 5 shows a fastening state of the frame member by the fastening plate and the bolts and nuts, and is a view taken along the arrow BB in FIG.

  In the present embodiment, the falling object capturing body 1 includes six frame members 10 (first frame member 11, second frame member 12, third frame member 13, fourth frame member 14, fifth frame member 15, and first frame member 10. 6 frame member 16), and fastening plate 17 that clamps and fixes the tip of three frame members 10 with bolts 31 and nuts 32 at four apexes P (P1, P2, P3, P4). In the assembled state, it is formed into a frame-shaped regular tetrahedron.

  The six frame members 10 are formed of the same size (shape, length, etc.) with I-shaped steel. Therefore, by preparing a large number of the frame members 10 having the same length, a large number of the falling-capture bodies 1 having the same size can be formed.

  The falling object capturing body 1 is fixed in a state where the front end portions 21 of the three frame members 10 are abutted with each other at the four apexes P1 to P4.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the I-shaped steel constituting the frame member 10 has a shape in which flange portions 19 and 20 are formed on the upper and lower sides of the web 18. In the top part P, the shape of the tip parts 21 on both sides in the length direction of the frame member 10 is shown in FIG. Form as shown.

  In FIG. 3B, the front end portion 21 of the frame member 10 is formed on a first inclined side 18a in which the front end of the web 18 is inclined at a predetermined angle α1 (35.26 degrees). For this reason, the front end position of the lower flange part 20 exists in the retreated position with respect to the front end position of the upper flange part 19.

  The front end portion 21 of the upper flange portion 19 is formed on second inclined sides 19a and 19b that are symmetrical with respect to the left and right lines with a center line L1 passing through the center in the width direction as a center. The apex angle α2 of the second inclined sides 19a, 19b is 45 degrees. The distal end portion 21 of the lower flange portion 20 is symmetrical with respect to the center line L1 passing through the center in the width direction, as in the distal end portion 21 of the upper flange portion 19, and the third inclined sides 20a and 20b having the apex angle α2. Is formed.

  In this embodiment, as for the three frame members 10 faced | matched by the vertex P, each 1st inclination side 18a mutually contact | abuts. Further, the left and right second inclined sides 19 a and 19 b of the upper flange portion 19 abut on the left and right second inclined sides 19 a and 19 b of the upper flange portion 19 of another adjacent frame member 10. Furthermore, the left and right third inclined sides 20 a and 20 b of the lower flange portion 20 abut on the left and right third inclined sides 20 a and 20 b of the lower flange portion 20 of another adjacent frame member 10.

  In the present embodiment, the falling matter capturing body 1 has a large contact area between the web 18, the upper flange portion 19, and the lower flange portion 20 of the tip portions 21 of the three frame members 10 at each vertex P. Abut. For this reason, when an external force acts on the frame member 10, the falling object capturing body 1 disperses the applied force to the other frame members 10. Therefore, it is possible to prevent damage such as bending or breaking of the frame member 10 that constitutes the falling object capturing body 10.

  As shown in FIGS. 1, 2, 4, and 5, the three frame members 10 that are abutted with each other at the apex P are bolts 31 by using fastening plates 17 to connect the distal ends 21 of adjacent frame members 10 to each other. And the nut 32.

  The fastening plate 17 is formed in a substantially V-shaped upper surface from a thick steel plate. The fastening plate 17 has a first fastening piece 17a and a second fastening piece 17b symmetrically about the center line L2. The apex angle α3 formed by the first fastening piece 17a and the second fastening piece 17b is set to 60 degrees in a front view. Further, the fastening plate 17 sets the folding angle α4 formed by the first fastening piece 17a and the second fastening piece 17b to 120 degrees with the center line L2 as a folding line.

  The first fastening piece 17a and the second fastening piece 17b are fitted between the upper flange portion 19 and the lower flange portion 20 in contact with the web 18 without a gap. The V-shaped pointed end of the fastening plate 17 is disposed so as to coincide with the tips of the two adjacent frame members 10 in the butted state. A first bolt hole 17c and a second bolt hole 17d through which a fastening bolt 31 is inserted are formed in the first fastening piece 17a and the second fastening piece 17b, respectively.

  On the other hand, a third bolt hole 18b and a fourth bolt hole 18c are formed in the web 18 of the distal end portion 21 of the frame member 10 so as to correspond to the first bolt hole 17c and the second bolt hole 17d.

  At each vertex P, three fastening plates 17 are used. In FIG. 2, when the vertex P4 is taken as an example, the tip portions 21 of the fourth frame member 14, the fifth frame member 15, and the sixth frame member 16 are abutted at the vertex P4. The fourth frame member 14 and the fifth frame member 15 are fastened by the first fastening plate 17-1, the fourth frame member 14 and the sixth frame member 16 are fastened by the second fastening plate 17-2, and the fifth frame member. 15 and the sixth frame member 16 are fastened by the third fastening plate 17-3.

  The fourth frame member 14 is sandwiched between the second fastening piece 17b of the first fastening plate 17-1 and the second fastening piece 17a of the second fastening plate 17-2. Similarly, the sixth frame member 16 is sandwiched between the second fastening piece 17b of the second fastening plate 17-2 and the first fastening piece 17a of the third fastening plate 17-3, and the first fastening plate 17-1 has a first one. The fifth frame member 15 is sandwiched between the fastening piece 17a and the second fastening piece 17b of the third fastening plate 17-3.

  The first bolt holes 17c of the first fastening pieces 17a and the second fastening pieces 17b facing each other with the fourth frame member 14, the fifth frame member 15 and the sixth frame member 16 in between are the third bolt holes 18b of the web 18. The second bolt hole 17d is also provided at the same position together with the fourth bolt hole 18c.

  And as shown in FIG. 5, the 3rd bolt hole provided in the web 18 of the 4th frame member 14 from the 1st bolt hole 17c provided in the 1st fastening piece 17a of the 2nd fastening board 17-2, for example. Further, the nut 32 is screwed and fastened through the first bolt hole 17c provided in the second fastening piece 17b of the first fastening plate 17-1 through 18b. The other second bolt hole 17d and third bolt hole 18c are similarly inserted through the bolt 31 and screwed into the nut 32 to be fastened.

  The falling object capturing body 1 of the present embodiment includes an equilateral triangular first surface formed by the first frame member 11, the second frame member 12, and the third frame member 13, and the first frame member 11 and the fourth frame member 4. A regular triangle-shaped second surface formed by the frame member 14 and the fifth frame member 15, and a regular triangle-shaped second surface formed by the second frame member 12, the fourth frame member 14, and the sixth frame member 16. A rigid structure is formed by the three surfaces and the equilateral triangular fourth surface formed by the third frame member 13, the fifth frame member 15, and the sixth frame member 16.

  The falling matter capturing body 1 according to the present embodiment is arranged on a riverbed where, for example, water normally does not flow but rain flows and water flows, and along with the flowing water, falling matters such as rocks and driftwood move toward the downstream side. , Capture the falling material. The size of the 1st surface (2nd surface-4th surface) of the falling thing capture body 1 is suitably determined according to the size of the falling matter to be captured. The falling object capturing body 1 is disposed, for example, on the riverbed of Gully. A gully is, for example, a V-shaped groove formed by eroding the mountain surface in the vicinity of the summit by running water due to rain in a mountain where the mountain surface is rough.

  The falling object capturing body 1 is installed on a river bed such as a gully floor with any one of the first surface to the fourth surface as a bottom surface. When the falling object capturing body 1 is a regular tetrahedron from the first surface to the fourth surface and is installed on a flat ground, the entire bottom surface is in contact with the ground.

  On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 6, in the frame member 10 forming the first surface to the fourth surface, the lower flange portion 20 has a predetermined angle β (0 <β <90 with respect to the installation surface, for example, the river bed Q. ) Tilted inward. That is, the tip of the lower flange portion 20 is inclined so as to bite into the riverbed Q.

  In the present embodiment, when the falling object capturing body 1 is installed on the river bed, the direction of the frame member 10 forming the equilateral triangle on the bottom surface is not specified with respect to the river flow direction. For example, in FIG. 2, when the first surface is a bottom surface, a first installation direction in which the first frame member 11 is installed in a direction orthogonal to the river flow direction on the upstream side of the river is shown. In addition, the first frame member 11 is installed on the downstream side of the river in the direction orthogonal to the river flow direction (the triangular corner of the bottom surface is installed on the upstream side of the river flow direction). A third installation direction is shown in which the first frame member 11 is installed in an arbitrary direction between the first installation direction and the second installation direction.

  Regardless of the direction of the first installation direction, the second installation direction, or the third installation direction, the falling object capturing body 1 is caused by rocks and driftwood that move toward the downstream side together with water. When it collides with 1, the impact force accompanying a collision generate | occur | produces the component force which acts on the downstream downstream as the falling thing capture body 1 faces a riverbed. For this reason, the falling matter capturing body 1 is pressed against the riverbed by the action of the component force, and the falling matter capturing body 1 hardly moves downstream due to the flow of water, rocks, or driftwood. Moreover, as shown in FIG. 6, since the inward tip of the lower edge 20 of the frame member 10 bites into the river bed Q, the downstream movement of the falling object capturing body 1 is further restricted. Therefore, it is not necessary to dig the river bed and provide a foundation part such as reinforced concrete in order to fix the falling object capturing body 1 to the river bed.

  However, as shown in FIG. 6, it is not denied that the frame member 10 is fixed to the river bed Q using the anchor bolt 41 screwed into the river bed Q. In FIG. 6, the anchor bolt 41 is screwed into the river bed Q using a jig (not shown) leaving a tip at a predetermined angle. An anchor hole 18d through which the tip of the anchor bolt 41 is inserted is formed in the web 18 of the frame member 10 constituting the falling object capturing body 1. The anchor holes 18d are formed at both ends of the frame member 10 in the longitudinal direction. A nut 43 is screwed onto the tip of the anchor bolt 41 inserted through the anchor hole 18d with a washer 42 interposed.

  The anchor bolt 41 for fixing the three frame members 10 forming the bottom surface of the falling object capturing body 1 to the river bed Q only needs to be screwed into the river bed Q in the manner of threading. Is done. The inner diameter of the anchor hole 18d may be the same as the shaft diameter of the anchor bolt 41, but it is desirable to make it an elongated hole or to increase the inner diameter. As a result, when a gap occurs between the two anchor holes 18d formed in the frame member 10, even if a gap occurs between the two anchor bolts 41 to be implanted, these gaps are absorbed and the anchors are absorbed. The anchor bolt 41 can be inserted into the hole 18d.

  In this way, by fixing the falling matter capturing body 1 to the river bed Q with the anchor bolt 41, it is possible to reliably prevent the falling matter capturing body 1 from moving or turning in the downstream side or the river width direction. In addition, you may make it connect one end side, such as a wire, a rope, and a chain | strand, to the anchor hole 18d, and it connects with the anchor bolt planted in the position away from the other end side. The anchor bolt to be planted may be fixed to an attachment hole drilled in a river bed, a side wall surface or the like via an adhesive. Moreover, as an anchor bolt, it is set as the structure which has a head at a front-end | tip part, and you may make it hook a wire, a rope, and a chain | strand on the head of an anchor bolt.

  The falling object capturing body 1 can be installed only by being placed on the riverbed Q. The falling object capturing body 1 can carry a pre-assembled thing to an installation location. Also, necessary parts such as the frame member 10, the fastening plate 17, the bolt 31, the nut 32, the anchor bolt 41, the nut 43, and the washer 42 are transported to the vicinity of the installation site, and the assembled parts are manually transported to the installation site. .

  Since the gully formed near the top of the mountain has a narrow river width and a shallow valley, a small size is suitable for the falling object capturing body 1 installed there. For this reason, it is possible for one or two workers to carry the falling object capturing body 1 by hand and carry it to the installation site.

  On the other hand, the gully that occurs near the middle of the mountain has a wider river and deeper valleys. For this reason, the falling material capturing body 1 to be installed has a large size. In this case, for example, parts are assembled at the installation site to complete the falling object capturing body 1.

  As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the falling matter capturing body 1 is installed, for example, on the riverbed Q of Gully G, and captures rocks and driftwood flowing through the installation location, but allows water to pass through. Some rocks that flow with water from the upstream side are caught by the frame member 10 outside the falling matter capturing body 1, and some rocks slip through the falling matter capturing body 1. In addition, there is also a thing that is caught by the frame member 10 in the falling object capturing body 1 without being able to pass through the falling object capturing body 1.

  The size of the rock to be caught is larger than the size of the frame formed in the equilateral triangle of each surface except the bottom of the falling object capturing body 1 (hereinafter referred to as a large rock R), or smaller (hereinafter referred to as There is also a small size rock S).

  When the large-sized rock R collides with the falling object capturing body 1, the large-sized rock R is captured by the falling object capturing body 1 or jumps up by an impact reaction force to the falling object capturing body 1, and is decelerated downstream. Moving. The falling object capturing body 1 does not need to capture all rocks and the like, and achieves its purpose if it can be decelerated.

  On the other hand, for example, when the small-sized rock S is caught on the frame member 10 of the falling object capturing body 1, the small-sized rock S caught is captured as a nucleus. When the small rock S is captured, gravel is captured upstream.

  In addition, the driftwood W is also caught by the frame member 10 of the falling object capturing body 1 and captured. Furthermore, the small rock S and the driftwood W are caught and captured by the captured small rock S and the driftwood W. The captured driftwood W decays as it is, and the rock remains stationary.

  In the above-described embodiment, all the frame members 10 constituting the falling object capturing body 1 are formed of I-shaped steel, but may be formed of H-shaped steel. Further, an impact cushioning material such as wood may be attached to the surface of the upper flange portion 19 facing the outside of the frame member 1 of the falling object capturing body 1. The impact buffering material reduces the impact when rocks or the like collide with the falling object capturing body 1 and reduces the jumping of the colliding rocks, thereby improving the capturing efficiency while preventing the frame member 10 from being damaged.

  In order to bolt the fastening plate 17, a third bolt hole 18 b and a fourth bolt hole 18 c are formed in the web 18 of the frame member 10 along the longitudinal direction of the frame member 10. A third bolt hole 18b and a fourth bolt hole 18c may be formed along 18a. Therefore, the 1st bolt hole 17c and the 2nd bolt hole 17d which are formed in the fastening plate 17 are formed according to this.

  In the present embodiment, the falling material capturing body 1 uses a steel material such as I-shaped steel or H-shaped steel for the frame member 10, but the frame member 10 may be formed of wood. Such a wooden fall trap can be installed in a rill where large rocks do not flow down, or can be installed in a place where the flow velocity is low. In this case, the wooden falling material capturing body is not subjected to a large impact by rocks or driftwood, and the frame member is not easily broken. Since the wooden falling material catcher can be reduced in weight, it can be easily carried into the vicinity of the summit and can be easily assembled at the installation location.

Second Embodiment FIGS. 9 and 10 show a second embodiment of the present invention.

  Rocks, gravel, driftwood, etc. that flow along with rainwater from the upstream side of gully etc. will cut down the riverbed and wall surface on the downstream side to widen the river width and deepen the riverbed. For this reason, by installing the falling material capturing body 1 at the summit or hillside, rocks, gravel, driftwood, etc. are captured, and a valley such as a gully is prevented from becoming large.

  However, the earth and sand do not settle on the river bed because they pass through the falling matter catcher 1 and flow down to the downstream side. Once the sediment has settled on the riverbed, seeds will adhere and greening will be promoted, and galley erosion can be slowed down and further reduced, thereby conserving the environment and conserving mountains.

  The second embodiment shows an example of the forestry method.

  The forestry method of the present embodiment is the direction in which the falling object capturing body 1 is installed in the first installation direction (the first frame member 11 on the bottom surface is oriented in the direction orthogonal to the river flow direction U on the upstream side of the river. ). Further, a horizontally long filter 60 is disposed on the downstream side of the falling matter capturing body 1. The filter 60 forms an accumulation layer of earth and sand with the falling matter capturing body 1. The filter 60 includes, for example, a filler and a holding member that holds the filler. The filter 60 captures earth and sand flowing together with water from the upstream side (flowing material capturing body 1 side) on the outer peripheral surface in the longitudinal direction, and water downstream. Drain the water.

  The structure of the filter 60 includes a first structure that is configured in a state where a filler is held in advance by a holding member, and a filter that allows water and earth and sand to pass through during installation, and the earth and sand are trapped and naturally filled over time. Two configurations can be exemplified. In the first configuration, the earth and sand can be deposited between the falling matter capturing body 1 from the time of installation. In the second configuration, since only the holding member needs to be carried to the installation place, the installation work is simplified.

  The falling material capturing body 1 is provided with a filter 60 that is crescent-shaped in appearance and covers the entire width in the width direction of the falling material capturing body 1 and has water permeability but does not pass through earth and sand. Both ends of the filter 60 are fixed by anchor bolts similar to the anchor bolt 41 shown in FIG. 6, for example.

  The installation interval of the filter 60 with respect to the falling object capturing body 1 is not particularly limited, and as shown in FIG. 9, it is not limited to being installed close to each other, and may be installed at a distance. For example, it is set as appropriate according to the depth, width, inclination, etc. of the installed rill or gully.

  By installing the filter 60 on the downstream side of the falling matter capturing body 1, a sediment layer of earth and sand is formed between the falling matter capturing body 1 and the filter 60. For this reason, it is possible to prevent scouring of the installation surface on which the falling matter capturing body 1 is installed, and the installation posture and the installation position of the falling matter capturing body 1 are stabilized.

  The filter 60 forms a space V for storing earth and sand between the crescent-shaped curved inner side and the downstream side of the falling matter capturing body 1. The filter 60 is curved so that, for example, the pressure of the sediment deposited in the space V can be uniformly received, but the present invention is not limited to this, and may be configured to be linear. .

  The earth and sand that has passed through the falling matter capturing body 1 together with water flows toward the filter 60, but the earth and sand accumulates in the inner space V of the filter 60. Since only water passes through the filter 60, the sediment accumulates up to the height of the filter 60. If the filter 60 does not have water permeability, water and earth and sand are accumulated in the inner space V, and the water level reaches the height of the filter 60, but the earth and sand does not reach the height of the filter 60 and overflows with water. For this reason, the storage property of earth and sand is bad. However, since the filter 60 of this embodiment has water permeability, the earth and sand can reach the height position of the filter 60. When soil and sand accumulate in the inner space V of the filter 60, seeds of plants such as grass and trees adhere to the vegetation and can be restored.

  In the present embodiment, the falling object capturing body 1 is installed in the first installation direction, but it may be installed in the second installation direction that is opposite to the first installation direction. Whether the falling object capturing body 1 is installed in the first installation direction or the second installation direction may be in any direction as long as the falling object such as rocks and driftwood can be efficiently captured.

  It is desirable from the viewpoint of environmental conservation that the filter 60 is made of a material that decays after installation and returns to the natural world, like the falling object capturing body 1. Moreover, it is desirable that the filter 60 be configured so that it can be assembled at an installation site such as a summit or a hillside, like the falling matter capturing body 1.

  Examples of the filter 60 include a configuration in which a packing material such as a massive porous member such as scoria is encased in a multilayer state in a packaging material that decays with time, such as a wire mesh or a cocoon mesh. Scoria is a massive porous product of volcanic eruptions, and is deposited in the mountains by volcanic eruptions, etc., and gully tends to form where scoria exists. For this reason, if the packaging material is carried to the vicinity of the place where the filter 60 is installed, the filter 60 can be manufactured at the place where the filter 60 is installed. In manufacturing the filter 60 using the packaging material, when the scoria is spread over a wide range of the packaging material in an expanded state and the packaging material is rolled up in the manner of making a roll cake from the end, a filter having a multilayer roll structure is formed. At that time, the center portion of the filter 60 in the longitudinal direction swells, becomes narrower toward the end, and naturally generates stress that tends to spread outward in the longitudinal direction and, conversely, stress that tends to go inward in the longitudinal direction. Thus, the filter 60 is formed in a crescent shape. Of course, in the present invention, the structure of the filter 60 is not limited to this configuration.

Third Embodiment FIG. 11 shows a third embodiment.

  The forestry method according to the present embodiment has a falling matter capturing system 50 configured by a combination of the falling matter capturing body 1 and the filter 60 shown in FIG. 9 as one unit, and one unit of the falling matter capturing system 50 from the upstream side to the downstream. It is arranged in a staggered pattern on the side.

  The forestry method according to the present embodiment can be applied not only to valleys such as rills or gullies, but also to places where grasses and trees have withered and the mountain surface is rough. In the situation where the mountain surface is rough, but no rill has occurred on the hillside yet, when it rains, small water channels occur everywhere. When such a small flow channel gathers to form a single flow channel, erosion is gradually generated and rill is generated, and when erosion further proceeds, gully is generated.

  As shown in FIG. 11, when the falling material capturing system 50 is installed in a staggered manner on the mountainside, the falling material capturing body 1 captures rocks and driftwood regardless of whether the small flowing water channel occurs on the mountainside. By 60, earth and sand can be deposited and greening can be achieved. Therefore, it is possible to prevent a small flow channel from growing into a large flow channel, and a larger flow channel from gathering and growing larger flow channels.

  In addition, in the staggered installation shown in FIG. 11, the size of the falling material capturing body 1 installed on the downstream side is made larger than the size of the falling material capturing body 1 installed on the upstream side, and the massive rock is captured on the downstream side. You may be able to do it.

  Although the falling object capturing body 1 is installed in the first installation direction, it may be installed in the second installation direction as shown in FIG. When the falling object capturing body 1 is installed in the second installation direction, one frame member 10 is erected at the center in the width direction on the upstream side, and the two frame members are erected rearward. 10 is supported.

  For this reason, the rock S which collided with the front frame member 10 and was not captured is decelerated rearward (downstream) and easily moved. And it collides with the falling object capture | acquisition body 1 installed diagonally backward, and is captured, or it is bounced off again and decelerated.

  Therefore, when the falling object capturing body 1 is installed in the second installation direction, a reduction effect of the moving speed of the rock S can be expected.

  The falling object capturing body 1 uses the frame member 10 of the falling object capturing body 1 as an I-type steel so as to withstand the impact of a huge rock moving at high speed. However, the frame member 10 may be formed of, for example, a flat steel plate in an installation situation where there is no possibility that a large impact is applied.

Fourth Embodiment FIG. 13 shows a fourth embodiment.

  FIG. 9 shows a case in which the length of the filter 60 is substantially the same as the width of the falling object capturing body 1.

  On the other hand, in the present embodiment, the length of the filter 60 is longer than the width of the falling object capturing body 1 as shown in FIG. 13 (a), or shorter as shown in FIG. 13 (b).

Fifth Embodiment FIG. 14 shows a fifth embodiment.

  In the second embodiment and the third embodiment described above, the falling material capturing system 50 uses a combination of one falling material capturing body 1 and one filter 60 as a unit, but is not limited thereto. It is not a thing.

  In the present embodiment, as a combination of the falling matter capturing system 50, a combination of one falling matter capturing body 1 and a plurality of filters 60 arranged in parallel on the downstream side of one falling matter capturing body 1 are used. Alternatively, it is a combination of one or a plurality of juxtaposed filters 60 installed with respect to a plurality of fallen matter traps arranged side by side.

  FIG. 14 shows a case where a plurality of filters 60 are arranged in series along the horizontal direction with respect to one falling matter capturing body 1.

Sixth Embodiment FIG. 15 shows a sixth embodiment.
In the second embodiment and the third embodiment, the falling object capturing system 50 is arranged in a staggered manner.

  On the other hand, in this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 15, a plurality of fallen matter capturing bodies 1 are installed without gaps in a direction orthogonal to the water flow direction.

  In this case, the falling object capturing bodies 1 may be arranged in one or a plurality of rows. When the flow-down traps 1 are arranged in a plurality of rows, the row of the flow-fall traps 1 on the upstream side and the row of the flow-fall traps 1 on the downstream side are misaligned. May be. Adjacent the falling object capturing bodies 1 are connected to each other by connecting members such as bolts and nuts.

  Further, a plurality of fallen matter capturing bodies 1 may be installed at appropriate intervals in a direction orthogonal to the water flow direction, and adjacent fallen matter catching bodies 1 may be connected to each other by a chain, a wire, or the like. .

  FIG. 15A shows a case where a plurality of falling matter capturing bodies 1 are installed in parallel in the river width direction, and a filter 60 is installed for each falling matter capturing body 1. FIG. 15 (b) shows a case where one filter 60 is installed for a plurality of falling matter capturing bodies 1 arranged side by side. FIG. 15 (c) shows a case where more filters 60 than the number of falling matter capturing bodies 1 arranged side by side are installed.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 15 (d), in a configuration in which a plurality of falling matter capturing bodies 1 are installed without gaps or spaced in a direction orthogonal to the water flow direction, adjacent falling matter trapping is performed. A triangular region G is formed on the installation surface between the bodies 1. In this triangular area G, the falling material capturing body 1 ′ may be installed in a direction opposite to the direction of the falling material capturing body 1.

Seventh Embodiment In the first to sixth embodiments described above, even if the falling material capturing body 1 is formed of a steel material such as an I-shaped steel or an H-shaped steel, a large impact is required when capturing rocks and driftwood. Receive power.

  Therefore, in the present embodiment, a wood-made secondary fall trap body having the same structure as that of the main flow fall trap 1 is provided upstream of the steel fall trap (hereinafter referred to as main flow trap) 1. Install.

  According to the present embodiment, since rocks and driftwood collide with the mainstream falling matter capturing body 1 after colliding with the sidestream falling matter capturing body 1, the impact on the mainstream falling matter capturing body 1 is alleviated and the mainstream falling matter capturing body 1 is captured. Damage to the body 1 is reduced.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1, 1 'Falling thing capture body 10 (11-16) Frame member 17 Fastening plate 17-1 1st fastening plate 17-2 2nd fastening plate 17-3 3rd fastening plate 17a 1st fastening piece 17b 2nd fastening piece 17c 1st bolt hole 17d 2nd bolt hole 18 Web 18a 1st inclined side 18b 3rd bolt hole 18c 4th bolt hole 18d Anchor hole 19 Upper flange part 20 Lower flange part 19a, 19b 2nd inclined side 20a, 20b 3rd Inclined side 21 Tip 31 Bolt 32 Nut 41 Anchor bolt 42 Washer 43 Nut 50 Falling material catching system 60 Filter L1 Center line L2 Center line G Triangle area P (P1, P2, P3, P4) Apex Q Riverbed R Large rock S Small rock W Driftwood V Inside space

Claims (13)

A falling material capturing body that captures falling materials such as rocks and driftwood that are placed on the ground and supplied from the upstream side,
A falling-off object composed of a tetrahedron formed in a frame shape, with one of the four frame-shaped surfaces serving as a bottom frame part placed on the ground, and the other three surfaces projecting upward from the bottom frame part a capture surface frame portion which forms a capture surface,
The tetrahedron formed in the frame shape includes three bottom surface frame members constituting the bottom surface frame portion and three capture surface frame members constituting the three capture surface frame portions. The frame members for the three bottom surfaces are formed such that the ends of the frame members for the other bottom surface are butted against both ends of the frame member for the one bottom surface to form a frame-shaped triangle, One end of each capturing surface frame member is abutted against each butted bottom side abutting portion of the bottom surface frame member, and the three capturing surface frame portions are each frame for each capturing surface. The other ends of the members are butted against each other at the butting portion on the top side,
The bottom frame member and the capture surface frame member are made of I-type steel or H-type steel, each having an upper flange and a lower flange at the upper and lower ends in the height direction of the web, respectively. body. The falling object capturing body according to claim 1 , wherein the tetrahedron is a regular tetrahedron. Falling matter catching member according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it sharpened the top surface of the tetrahedron. The frame member for the bottom surface and the frame member for capturing are formed at the abutting portion having the same shape at both ends, and the abutting portion has a first inclination with respect to the longitudinal direction of the web. a web inclined sides inclined at an angle, in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it comprises a flange inclined side tip of the upper and lower flange portion is inclined to the second inclination angle symmetrically in the width direction The fallen product catcher as described. The butted portion claims, characterized in that it is fixed by engaging connecting said frame member adjacent the fastening plates are provided so as to sandwich the frame member by a bolt and nut 1 To 4. The falling material trap according to any one of items 1 to 4 . Wherein the bottom frame part, a stream of matter capturing body according to any one of claims 1, characterized in that the anchor bolt hole upper end of the anchor bolt is loaded is formed of 5. A hill-mounting method characterized in that a falling object capturing body according to any one of claims 1 to 6 is installed in one or a plurality of width directions on a hill object. Downstream of the flow under matter capturing body, for a plurality of falling matter catching member to be the one or juxtaposed, but allow water to pass through a plurality placed in one or juxtaposed filter to non-passing the sediment , forest conservation method according to claim 7, characterized in that the formation of the space for depositing the non-passage sediment between the one or more filters and the one or more flow under matter capturing member to be juxtaposed . A plurality of falling matter catching member to be the juxtaposed, forest conservation method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the concatenation of the falling matter catching member adjacent to a connecting member. The one falling matter capturing body or a plurality of the falling matter capturing bodies arranged side by side, and one or a plurality of filters installed corresponding to the falling matter capturing body as a set of falling matter capturing systems, 10. The forestry method according to claim 8 or 9 , wherein a plurality of falling matter capturing systems are installed from the upstream side toward the downstream side. The flow down trap according to any one of claims 7 to 10 is used as a first flow fall trap body, and the flow down according to any one of claims 1 to 3 is disposed upstream of the first flow fall trap body. 11. The forestry method according to any one of claims 7 to 10, wherein a second falling material capturing body in which the object capturing body is made of wood is installed. The falling matter capturing body, forest conservation method according to any one of claims 7, characterized in that installed toward the corners of the triangles in the bottom frame portion on the upstream side or downstream side 11 of the. A plurality of the falling-flow traps arranged side by side are used as a main-flow-fall trap body, and a sub-flow-fall trap body having the same structure as the falling-flow trap body is formed in an area formed between the adjacent main-flow trap bodies. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 12 , characterized in that is installed.

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