JP6578624B2 - Solid oxide fuel cell device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a solid oxide fuel cell device, and more particularly to a solid oxide fuel cell device that generates power using a fuel gas and an oxidant gas.

  A solid oxide fuel cell device (hereinafter also referred to as “SOFC”) includes a solid oxide fuel cell using an oxide ion conductive solid electrolyte as an electrolyte, on both sides thereof. The fuel cell operates at a relatively high temperature by attaching an electrode, supplying fuel gas to one electrode, and supplying oxidant gas (air, oxygen, etc.) to the other electrode.

  Further, in order to put the solid oxide fuel cell device into practical use, it is essential to guarantee durability for about 10 years. One of the methods for improving the durability of the fuel cell is to supply an oxidant gas evenly to each of the plurality of fuel cells arranged.

  This is very effective in preventing the power generation reaction of the entire cell stack from becoming unstable due to excessive power generation in the state where the oxidizer gas is insufficient or the deterioration of the fuel cell due to power generation unevenness and shortening the cell life. It becomes important.

  Here, in the solid oxide fuel cell device described in Prior Art Document 1, fuel cells are arranged in a matrix to form a cell stack. Here, a plurality of oxidant gas outlets are provided on the casing wall surfaces facing each other across the cell stack, and the opening amounts thereof are adjusted. Accordingly, even in the cell stack arranged in a matrix (matrix), the oxidant gas is evenly distributed to all the fuel cells.

JP 2011-29177 A

  Here, in recent years, commercialization of home-installed SOFCs has progressed as a cogeneration system that efficiently generates electric power and heat from a heat source and supplies them efficiently. In particular, there is a great need in the market for a compact solid oxide fuel cell device suitable for an apartment house with limited installation space.

  Therefore, in order to reduce the size of the fuel cell module in which the solid oxide fuel cell is accommodated, it is necessary to design the distance between the components constituting the fuel cell module as short as possible. Become. In particular, due to the miniaturization of the module container, the gaps between the plurality of fuel cells arranged inside are narrowed.

  In this case, by narrowing the gap between the fuel cells, heat tends to be trapped inside the cell stack, particularly in the center, and a temperature difference occurs between the center and the end of the cell stack (temperature). village). Thereby, a power generation state will differ for every some fuel cell, and a fuel cell will be deteriorated.

  Furthermore, the gap between the plurality of fuel cells is narrowed, so that the pitch between the fuel cells that are the path of the oxidant gas is reduced, so that the oxidant gas can be supplied to the center of the cell stack. It becomes difficult. In this case, the oxidant gas does not reach the entire cell stack, and the above-described temperature unevenness is promoted.

  On the other hand, by increasing the flow rate of the oxidant gas, it is conceivable to increase the flow rate of the oxidant gas supplied to the cell stack and supply it to the center of the cell stack. However, in this case, on the contrary, the amount of oxidant gas supplied to the end of the cell stack decreases, and it becomes difficult to uniformly supply the entire cell stack.

  A solid oxide fuel cell device according to an aspect of the present invention generates power by reaction between a first reaction gas supplied to an outer surface and a second reaction gas supplied to an internal flow path. A plurality of cell stacks, a container containing the cell stack, a first reaction gas flow path that is attached to the inside or outside of the container and supplies the first reaction gas to the outer surface of the fuel cell, A plurality of first reaction gas ejection holes that are provided in one reaction gas flow path and eject the first reaction gas to the outer surface of the fuel cell, and the plurality of first reaction gas ejection holes include the first reaction gas. It has a converging-type ejection hole for ejecting so as to converge at a predetermined location in the container, and a diverging-type ejection hole for allowing the first reactive gas to diverge inside the container.

  The jet flow of the first reactive gas ejection hole can be adjusted, that is, the first reactive gas that has passed through the first reactive gas ejection hole is focused regardless of the size of the opening and the flow rate (flow velocity) of the first reactive gas. It is possible to appropriately select whether to diverge and arrange them freely. As a result, when the first reaction gas is diffused, the first reaction gas supply amount to the cell stack in the vicinity of the first reaction gas ejection hole is increased, and when the first reaction gas is converged, the flow rate is increased. The first reaction gas can be supplied to the cell stack far from the ejection hole. That is, the flow of the reaction gas can be controlled in the space where the cell stack is arranged. Therefore, since the function of adjusting the jet flow is attached to the jet hole itself with a simple configuration, the uniform supply of the first reactive gas to the cell stack is realized while ensuring the degree of freedom of design of the module container when downsizing. be able to. Here, for example, when the first reaction gas is a fuel gas, the second reaction gas is an oxidant gas, and when the first reaction gas is an oxidant gas, the second reaction gas is a fuel gas. Gas.

  In the present invention, preferably, the first reactive gas ejection hole is an opening provided in a wall surface constituting the first reactive gas flow path, and the focusing type ejection hole is an opening on the inflow side of the first reactive gas ejection hole. The outflow side opening diameter is configured to be smaller than the diameter, and the diverging-type ejection hole is configured such that the outflow side opening diameter is greater than the inflow side opening diameter of the first reactive gas ejection hole. ing.

The converging-type ejection holes are tapered so that the jets are converged, and the diverging-type ejection holes are diverged so that the jets diverge. As a result, it is possible to achieve uniform supply of the first reaction gas to the cell stack by adjusting the jet flow to focus and diverge by a simple method of changing the shape of the first reaction gas ejection hole. .

In the present invention, preferably, the plurality of first reactive gas ejection holes are linearly arranged in the horizontal direction along the arrangement direction of the cell stack.
Since it is arranged linearly in the horizontal direction along the arrangement direction of the cell stack, it is possible to suppress the first reactive gas supply variation in the vertical direction and to supply air evenly to the cell stack.

In the present invention, preferably, the first reactive gas ejection hole is provided between the fuel cells arranged side by side.
By disposing the fuel cell between the fuel cells, the focused jet from the focused jet hole is likely to go to the fuel cell far from the first reactive gas jet hole. Further, the divergent jet from the divergent jet hole is supplied to the fuel cell near the first reaction gas. That is, the first reactive gas supply amount to the cell stack in the vicinity of the first reactive gas ejection hole and in the distance can be easily adjusted, and uniform supply of the first reactive gas can be realized.

In the present invention, preferably, the first reaction gas flow path is provided on the wall surface of the container facing the cell stack, and the first reaction gas ejection holes on one side and the other side facing each other are converged. It is comprised so that it may respond | correspond by a type | mold ejection hole or a diverging type ejection hole.
Since the first reactive gas ejection holes provided across the cell stack are the same, they head toward the center of the cell stack at an equal speed. Therefore, the supply variation due to the variation in the merging point due to the different ejection speeds is suppressed, and the uniform supply of the first reaction gas to the fuel cells is realized.

In the present invention, preferably, the cell stack is configured such that a plurality of fuel cells are arranged with a predetermined first interval and a second interval larger than the first interval, and the second interval is provided. A converging-type ejection hole is disposed in the center.
By widening the pitch between the fuel cells, the passage of the first reaction gas can be widened. However, the first reaction gas does not reach the center of the cell stack and diverges. Therefore, it is possible to distribute the first reactive gas to the center portion of the cell stack by providing the converging-type ejection holes in the second region where the inter-cell pitch is widely provided.

In the present invention, preferably, in the first reactive gas ejection hole, the focusing type ejection hole is configured to be adjacent to the divergent ejection hole.
Since the focused jet from the focused jet hole is directed toward the center of the cell stack, the amount of the first reactive gas supplied to the cell stack end near the first reactive gas jet hole is reduced. However, since the divergent jet is ejected from the adjacent divergent ejection holes, the first reaction gas can be supplied to the end of the cell stack. Therefore, the first reaction gas can be uniformly supplied to the entire cell stack.

In the present invention, it is preferable that the periphery of the converging-type ejection hole protrudes in the cell stack direction.
A tapered converging-type ejection hole can be easily formed by burring. Furthermore, since the flow path of the tapered first reactive gas ejection hole can be configured to be long, it can function like a nozzle to effectively increase the flow velocity of the jet flow, and the first reaction is brought to the center of the cell stack. Gas can be distributed.

The opening of the first reactive gas ejection hole provided downstream of the first reactive gas channel is provided so as to be orthogonal to the traveling direction of the first reactive gas, and the downstream end constituting the first reactive gas channel The wall surface is inclined with respect to the traveling direction of the first reaction gas.
The wall surface constituting the downstream end of the first reactive gas flow path is configured to be inclined with respect to the first reactive gas traveling direction. Therefore, the amount of energy loss due to the collision of the first reaction gas with the downstream end wall surface can be reduced, and the supply variation of the first reaction gas due to insufficient propulsive force of the gas ejected from the first ejection hole can be suppressed. Can do.

  According to the present invention, it can be adjusted as a convergent jet or a divergent jet with a simple configuration. Therefore, since the first reactive gas supply amount to the cell stack can be easily adjusted, the first reactive gas supply amount to the entire cell stack can be made uniform.

1 is an overall perspective view showing a fuel cell module of a solid oxide fuel cell device according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the fuel cell module viewed from the direction W in FIG. 1 in the solid oxide fuel cell device according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the fuel cell module viewed from the L direction in FIG. 1 in the solid oxide fuel cell device according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the fuel cell module viewed from the H direction in FIG. 1 in the solid oxide fuel cell device according to the embodiment of the present invention. In the solid oxide fuel cell device according to one embodiment of the present invention, FIG. In the solid oxide fuel cell device in one embodiment of the present invention, it is an expanded sectional view showing a divergence jet outlet. 1 is an overall configuration diagram illustrating a solid oxide fuel cell apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is side surface sectional drawing which shows the fuel cell module of the solid oxide fuel cell apparatus by one Example of this invention. It is sectional drawing along the III-III line of FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a housing and an air passage cover of a solid oxide fuel cell device according to an embodiment of the present invention. 1 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a fuel cell unit of a solid oxide fuel cell device according to an embodiment of the present invention. 1 is a perspective view showing a fuel cell stack of a solid oxide fuel cell device according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is side surface sectional drawing which shows a fuel cell module for demonstrating the flow of the gas in the fuel cell module of the solid oxide fuel cell apparatus by one Example of this invention. FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the fuel cell module taken along line III-III in FIG. 8 for explaining a gas flow in the fuel cell module of the solid oxide fuel cell device according to the embodiment of the present invention. 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of an upper portion of a fuel cell module of a solid oxide fuel cell device according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is explanatory drawing of the waste gas which flows around the reformer of the solid oxide fuel cell apparatus by one Example of this invention. 1 is a side cross-sectional perspective view of a reformer and an exhaust gas induction member of a solid oxide fuel cell device according to an embodiment of the present invention. 1 is a front sectional perspective view of a reformer and an exhaust gas guiding member of a solid oxide fuel cell device according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is explanatory drawing of the waste gas which flows through the through-hole of the reformer of the solid oxide fuel cell apparatus by one Example of this invention.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the invention disclosed in this specification will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. From the following description, many modifications and other embodiments of the present invention are apparent to persons skilled in the art. The following description is, therefore, to be construed as illustrative, and is provided for the purpose of teaching those skilled in the art the best mode of carrying out the invention. Details of the structure and / or function may be substantially changed without departing from the spirit of the invention.

(Embodiment)
In the present embodiment, a fuel cell module 1002 in a solid oxide fuel cell device 1000 according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

  FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a fuel cell module 1002 in a solid oxide fuel cell apparatus 1000, which shows a height direction (H), a width direction (W), and a depth direction (L). FIG. 2 shows a side sectional view as seen from the W direction in FIG.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the fuel cell module 1002 includes a module container 1013, and the module container 1013 includes a housing 1014 and two lids 1020. The inside of the module container 1013 is a sealed space, and an oxidant gas (hereinafter referred to as “power generation air” or “air” as appropriate) is a first reaction gas in a power generation chamber 1008 provided inside the module container 1013. .) And a fuel gas that is the second reaction gas is arranged to perform a power generation reaction. Each of the plurality of fuel cells 1012 is electrically connected to form a cell stack 1011. The cell stack 1011 is inserted in a sliding manner as indicated by a black arrow in FIG.

  Further, the fuel cell 1012 is a cylindrical structure with a hollow inside extending in the vertical direction, a cylindrical inner electrode layer that forms an internal flow path (not shown) inside the structure, and an outer surface of the structure. And an outer electrode layer. That is, the fuel cell in the present embodiment performs the power generation reaction by supplying the second reaction gas to the internal flow path and supplying the first reaction gas to the outer surface of the structure.

  In the present embodiment, the inner electrode layer is described as the fuel electrode through which the fuel gas passes, and the outer electrode layer is described as the air electrode to which the oxidant gas is supplied. It is good also as a structure which provides in a path and provides a fuel electrode in an outer surface. In the present embodiment, the first reaction gas is described as an oxidant gas and the second reaction gas as a fuel gas. However, the first reaction gas is not limited to an oxidant gas, and the second reaction gas is not limited to a fuel gas. .

  Further, as shown in FIG. 1, the housing 1014 constituting the module container 1013 has a cubic shape in which two opposing side surfaces are opened, and has a first open surface 1016 and a second open surface 1018 facing the first open surface 1016. The first open surface 1016 and the second open surface 1018 are closed by a lid 1020, and the module container 1013 is hermetically sealed. Although illustration is omitted here, the entire periphery of the housing 1014 and the lid body 1020 may be covered with a heat insulating material.

Here, according to the present embodiment, the reformer 1024 that generates the second reactive gas (fuel gas) by the reforming reaction is attached to the inner upper surface of the housing 1014. The attaching operation of the reformer 1024 can be performed from the first open surface 1016 and the second open surface 1018. Therefore, the assembly work can be performed from the two open surfaces, so that workability is improved and the distance between the component parts can be designed to be shorter.
2 and 3 omit the description of the inflow side connecting pipe to the reformer 1024, but by partial oxidation reaction (POX), autothermal reaction (ATR), steam reforming reaction (SR), A pipe through which raw fuel gas, water, reforming air or the like flows can be appropriately connected.

  Further, the plurality of fuel cells 1012 arranged inside the housing 1014 include a manifold 1004 below. The second reaction gas generated in the reformer 1024 is supplied to the manifold 1004 through the second reaction gas supply pipe 1006. A support plate 1010 having a through hole for supporting the fuel cell 1012 is attached to the upper surface of the manifold. The through hole (not shown) communicates with an internal flow path (not shown) of the fuel cell 1012, and the second reaction gas in the manifold 1004 is supplied to the internal flow path (not shown) of the fuel cell 1012. Is done.

  As shown in FIG. 1, a first reactive gas passage cover 1020 is disposed on the outer surface of the housing 1014, and is disposed so as to cover except for the open surface and the bottom surface of the housing 1014. That is, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the first reaction gas passage 1034 is formed between the outer wall surface of the top surface and the two side surfaces of the housing 1014 and the inner wall surface of the first reaction gas passage cover 1022. Has been.

  Here, as indicated by the dotted arrow in FIG. 2, the first reaction gas (oxidant gas) supplied from the first reaction gas introduction pipe 1028 is supplied to the first reaction gas channel 1034 on the top surface of the housing 1014. Is done. After that, as shown in FIG. 3, the first reaction gas supplied to the top surface of the housing 1014 flows downward through the first reaction gas channel 1034 provided on the outer side wall of the housing 1014, and then the housing A first reaction gas is supplied from a first reaction gas ejection hole 1026 provided in 1014 to a fuel cell 1012 provided therein.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 2, the plurality of arranged fuel cells 1012 constituting the cell stack 1011 are arranged such that a predetermined first interval 1040 and a second interval 1042 larger than the first interval 1040 are formed. Has been. Here, the second interval 1042 is preferably partially provided from the viewpoint of compactness, but where the first interval 1040 and the second interval 1042 are provided may be appropriately selected.

  Further, according to the present embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, a combustion chamber 1030 as a combustion portion is formed above the cell stack 1011 disposed inside the housing 1014, and this combustion chamber 1030 is formed. Thus, the remaining fuel gas that has not been used in the power generation reaction and the remaining air are combusted to generate high-temperature exhaust gas (hereinafter referred to as “combustion gas” as appropriate). Further, the exhaust gas is discharged from the exhaust gas outlet 1032 after heating the reformer 1020 above the combustion chamber 1030.

  Next, FIG. 4 shows a top view of the fuel cell module 1002 as viewed from the H direction in FIG. 1, and a converging-type ejection hole 1036 and a diverging-type ejection hole 1038 are provided for the first reactive gas ejection hole 1026. It shows the state. In FIG. 4, descriptions of the first reactive gas supply pipe 1006, the manifold 1004, and the like are omitted. 5 and 6 are enlarged cross-sectional views of the converging-type ejection hole 1036 and the diverging-type ejection hole 1038 in the present embodiment. Hereinafter, the first reactive gas ejection hole 1026 will be described in detail with reference to these drawings.

  In the present embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the first reactant gas that has flowed through the first reactant gas flow path 1034 passes from the first reactant gas ejection hole 1026 to the outside of the fuel cell 1012 as shown by the dotted line arrow in FIG. 4. Supplied against the surface.

  Here, the first reactive gas ejection hole 1026 includes a converging-type ejection hole 1036 and a diverging-type ejection hole 1038. The converging-type ejection hole 1036 converges the first reaction gas that has passed therethrough to increase the flow velocity, and the diverging-type ejection hole 1038 diverges and ejects the first reaction gas that has passed through. Details of the converging-type ejection holes 1036 and the diverging-type ejection holes 1038 will be described later.

  That is, by providing the converging-type injection hole 1036 and the diverging-type injection hole 1038 in the first reaction gas injection hole 1026 provided in the first reaction gas flow path 1034, it does not depend on the size of the opening diameter or the flow rate (flow velocity). The jet from the first reactive gas ejection hole 1026 can be adjusted.

  Next, the converging-type ejection hole 1036 and the diverging-type ejection hole 1038 will be described with reference to FIGS.

  FIG. 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing the converging-type ejection hole 1036 in the present embodiment. A converging-type ejection hole 1036 that is an opening that communicates the inner wall surface and the outer wall surface of the housing 1014 that constitutes the first reactive gas flow path 1034 is provided. Here, as shown in FIG. 5A, the converging-type ejection hole 1036 has an opening diameter on the outflow side that is smaller than the opening diameter on the inflow side in the flow of the first reaction gas indicated by the dotted arrow. That is, it is configured to have a tapered opening.

  As a result, the first reaction gas flowing through the first reaction gas flow path 1034 is focused along the opening in the process of passing through the focusing-type ejection hole 1036, and the flow rate of the first reaction gas supplied to the cell stack 1011 is increased. It is ejected in the state. Therefore, the first reaction gas can be supplied to the central portion of the cell stack 1011 located far from the focusing type ejection hole 1036.

  In addition, although the convergence type ejection hole 1036 shown in FIG. 5 is made into the shape which narrowed the opening diameter formed in the housing | casing 1014 to linear form, it is not restricted to this shape, For example, it is good also as curvilinear form. As described above, by arbitrarily designing the opening shape in the housing 1014, it is possible to appropriately set the fluid physical properties such as the flow rate of the first reactive gas to be ejected and the pressure loss of the ejection holes.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 5B, it is also preferable that the periphery of the converging-type ejection hole 1036 is configured to project in a bowl shape in the direction of the cell stack 1011 by burring or the like. Thereby, since the path | route of the taper type | mold convergent ejection hole 1036 can be comprised long, it functions like a nozzle and can raise the flow velocity of a jet effectively.

FIG. 6 shows a cross-sectional view of the divergent ejection hole 1038. The casing 1014 constituting the first reactive gas flow path 1034 is provided with an opening serving as a divergent ejection hole 1038. Here, as shown in FIG. 6, the divergent ejection hole 1038 has an opening diameter on the outflow side that is larger than the opening diameter on the inflow side in the flow of the first reaction gas indicated by the dotted arrow, that is, the divergent outlet hole It is comprised so that it may become opening.

  As a result, the first reactive gas flowing through the first reactive gas 1034 is diffused along the large opening in the process of passing through the divergent jet hole 1038, and the first reactive gas supplied to the cell stack 1011 is diverged jet hole 1038. Spouted to diverge around. Therefore, the first reactive gas can be supplied to the end of the cell stack 1011 located in the vicinity of the divergent ejection hole 1038.

  Controlling the flow of the first reactive gas supplied to the inside of the module container 1013 by using both of the two types of ejection holes that are different from each other in the manner in which the reactive gas is ejected as described above. Is possible.

  In addition, even if it is the same convergence type ejection hole 1036, shapes, such as an opening diameter, can be freely adjusted according to an arrangement place. The same applies to the divergent ejection hole 1038.

  In addition, the plurality of ejection holes arranged in the present invention do not necessarily need to be composed of two types of the convergence type ejection hole 1036 and the diverging type ejection hole 1038, and a normal ejection hole not corresponding to the convergence type or the diverging type is used in combination. You may do it. In other words, it is possible to use a converging-type and diverging-type ejection hole only for a portion that expects an effect of adjusting the ejection direction, among the plurality of ejection holes to be arranged.

  As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, a first reactive gas passage cover 1022 is provided on the outer wall surface side of the housing 1014. Further, the first reaction gas flowing through the first reaction gas flow path 1034 so as to descend the outer wall surface of the housing 1014 is a converging-type ejection hole 1036 in FIG. 5, and a diverging-type ejection hole 1038 in FIG. The first reactive gas ejection hole 1026 is provided so as to be orthogonal to the flow direction of the first reactive gas. Here, the flow direction of the first reactive gas changes, but collides with the first reactive gas passage cover 1022 that forms the downstream end of the first reactive gas flow path 1036.

  Here, according to the present embodiment, the wall surface of the first reaction gas passage cover constituting the downstream end of the first reaction gas passage is configured to be inclined with respect to the traveling direction. Therefore, since the amount of energy loss caused by the collision of the first reactive gas with the downstream end wall surface can be reduced, the flow velocity from the first reactive gas ejection hole 1026 is suppressed from being reduced, and the center of the cell stack 1011 is suppressed. The first reaction gas can be supplied up to.

  Next, the converging-type ejection holes 1036 and the diverging-type ejection holes 1038 will be described with reference to FIGS.

As described above, the cell stacks 1011 provided inside the module container 1013 are arranged in a matrix, and the first reaction gas flow paths 1034 provided on the two opposite side surfaces are arranged along the arrangement direction of the cell stacks 1011. A converging-type ejection hole 1036 and a diverging-type ejection hole 1038 are provided on the side surface of the body 1014.

  Here, the first reactive gas ejection holes 1026 are preferably arranged in a straight line in the horizontal direction along the arrangement direction of the cell stack 1011 (see FIG. 2). In this case, since the cells are arranged in a straight line in the horizontal direction along the arrangement direction of the cell stacks 1011, the supply variation of the first reaction gas in the vertical direction is suppressed, and the reaction gas is supplied uniformly to the cell stack 1011. be able to.

  Further, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, the first reactive gas ejection holes 1026 are arranged between the fuel cells 1012 arranged in parallel. Further, referring to FIG. 4, the convergent jet flow ejected from the convergent ejection holes 1036 passes between the fuel cells 1012 and is supplied to the central portion of the cell stack 1011. Further, the divergent jet ejected from the divergent ejection hole 1038 is ejected so as to be supplied to the fuel cell 1012. Note that the first reactive gas ejection hole 1026 may be disposed at the end of the cell stack 1011 in the arrangement direction.

For this reason, since the supply amount of the first reactive gas to the central portion of the cell stack 1011 far from the first reactive gas ejection hole 1026 and the end of the cell stack near the first reactive gas ejection hole 1026 can be easily adjusted, The first reactive gas can be evenly supplied to the stack 1011.

  As shown in FIGS. 3 and 6, the first reaction gas flow path is provided on the side walls facing each other across the cell stack 1011, and the first reaction gas ejection hole 1026 is also provided so as to face each other. Yes. Here, it is preferable that the opposing first reactive gas ejection holes are provided to be the same. That is, the other side first reaction gas channel 1034 facing the focusing type ejection hole 1036 of the first reaction gas channel 1034 on one side is similarly provided with the convergence type ejection hole 1036, and the first reaction gas on one side is provided. It is preferable that a divergent type ejection hole 1038 is similarly provided in the first reaction gas channel 1034 on the other side of the channel 1034 facing the divergent type ejection hole 1038.

  Thereby, since the 1st reaction gas supplied to the cell stack 1011 goes to the center with the same flow velocity from the 1st reaction gas ejection port which opposes, the confluence | merging point of the 1st reaction gas does not vary because the ejection speed differs. . As long as the first reactive gas ejection holes 1026 facing each other are the same, the arrangement of the converging ejection holes 1036 and the diverging ejection holes 1038 along the arrangement direction of the cell stack 1011 may be appropriately changed.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 and 6, the plurality of fuel cells 1012 are formed with a first interval 1040 and a second interval 1042, thereby forming a cell stack 1011. Further, a converging jet hole 1036 is disposed at the second interval 1042.

  Here, the second interval 1042 is configured to be wider than the first interval 1040, and the gas passage region is increased. Therefore, the first reactive gas can be efficiently supplied to the center of the cell stack 1011 by supplying the focused jet jetted from the focused jet hole 1036 to the second interval 1042.

  Further, in FIG. 6, a divergent ejection hole 1038 is provided adjacent to the converging ejection hole 1036. That is, as shown by the dotted arrow, a convergent jet is ejected from the convergent ejection hole 1036 toward the center side of the cell stack, and the divergent jet from the divergent ejector hole 1038 is supplied to the fuel cell 1012 in the vicinity of the convergent type 1036. The

In other words, the amount of the first reactive gas supplied to the end of the cell stack 1011 in the vicinity of the converging-type jet hole 1036 that ejects the converging jet becomes dilute, but the divergence is caused by the divergent-type jet hole 1038 provided adjacently. The jet is supplied to the end of the cell stack 1011 in the vicinity of the converging jet hole 1036.
In FIG. 6, the converging-type ejection holes 1036 and the diverging-type ejection holes 1038 are alternately arranged along the arrangement direction of the cell stack 1011, but the diverging-type ejection holes 1038 are provided next to the converging-type ejection holes 1036. It only has to be done.

  Although the matrix arrangement is used here, the arrangement may be changed depending on the shape of the module container 1013. For example, in the case of a cylindrical module container, the cell stack may be arranged in a cylindrical shape.

In the present embodiment, it is preferable that the first reaction gas flow path 1034 is formed on the surface facing the cell stack 1011 and the first reaction gas is supplied from both ends, but from the vicinity of the center of the cell stack 1011. Even in the case of supplying the first reactive gas, the first reactive gas channel 1034 may be provided.
(Example)
Next, with reference to the drawings, an embodiment of a solid oxide fuel cell device having a casing provided with an outlet (first reactive gas ejection hole) according to the present invention will be described.

  FIG. 7 is an overall configuration diagram showing a solid oxide fuel cell apparatus (SOFC) according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 7, a solid oxide fuel cell apparatus (SOFC) 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a fuel cell module 2 and an auxiliary unit 4.

  The fuel cell module 2 includes a housing 6, and a metal module container 8 that functions as a module container is incorporated in the housing 6 via a heat insulating material 7. In the power generation chamber 10, which is the lower portion of the module container 8, which is a sealed space, a fuel cell that performs a power generation reaction using fuel gas and oxidant gas (hereinafter referred to as “power generation air” or “air” as appropriate). A cell assembly 12 is arranged. The fuel cell assembly 12 includes eight fuel cell stacks 14 (see FIG. 13). The fuel cell stack 14 includes 16 fuel cell units 16 (each including a fuel cell). (See FIG. 12). In this example, the fuel cell assembly 12 has 128 fuel cell units 16. In the fuel cell assembly 12, all of the plurality of fuel cell units 16 are connected in series.

  A combustion chamber 18 as a combustion section is formed above the power generation chamber 10 of the module container 8 of the fuel cell module 2. In this combustion chamber 18, residual fuel gas and residual air that have not been used for the power generation reaction are formed. Burns to generate exhaust gas (in other words, combustion gas). Furthermore, the module container 8 is covered with the heat insulating material 7, and the heat inside the fuel cell module 2 is suppressed from being diffused to the outside air. Further, a reformer 120 for reforming the fuel gas is disposed above the combustion chamber 18, and the reformer 120 is heated to a temperature at which a reforming reaction can be performed by the combustion heat of the residual gas. Yes.

  Further, an evaporator 140 is provided in the heat insulating material 7 above the module container 8 in the housing 6. The evaporator 140 performs heat exchange between the supplied water and the exhaust gas, thereby evaporating the water to generate water vapor, and a mixed gas (hereinafter referred to as “fuel gas”) of the water vapor and the raw fuel gas. Is supplied to the reformer 120 in the module container 8.

  Next, the auxiliary unit 4 stores pure water tank 26 that stores water condensed from moisture contained in the exhaust from the fuel cell module 2 and makes it pure water with a filter, and water supplied from the water storage tank. Is provided with a water flow rate adjusting unit 28 (such as a “water pump” driven by a motor). In addition, the auxiliary unit 4 adjusts the flow rate of the fuel gas, the gas shutoff valve 32 for shutting off the fuel supplied from the fuel supply source 30 such as city gas, the desulfurizer 36 for removing sulfur from the fuel gas, A fuel flow adjustment unit 38 (such as a “fuel pump” driven by a motor) and a valve 39 that shuts off fuel gas flowing out from the fuel flow adjustment unit 38 when power is lost. Further, the auxiliary unit 4 includes an electromagnetic valve 42 that shuts off the air supplied from the air supply source 40, a reforming air flow rate adjusting unit 44 that adjusts the air flow rate, and a power generation air flow rate adjusting unit 45 (with a motor). Driven "air blower", etc., a first heater 46 for heating the reforming air supplied to the reformer 120, and a second heater 48 for heating the power generating air supplied to the power generation chamber. I have. The first heater 46 and the second heater 48 are provided in order to efficiently raise the temperature at startup, but may be omitted.

  Next, a hot water production apparatus 50 to which exhaust gas is supplied is connected to the fuel cell module 2. The hot water production apparatus 50 is supplied with tap water from a water supply source 24, and the tap water is heated by the heat of exhaust gas to be supplied to a hot water storage tank of an external hot water heater (not shown). The fuel cell module 2 is provided with a control box 52 for controlling the amount of fuel gas supplied and the like. Furthermore, the fuel cell module 2 is connected to an inverter 54 that is a power extraction unit (power conversion unit) for supplying the power generated by the fuel cell module to the outside.

  Next, the structure of the fuel cell module of the solid oxide fuel cell device according to one embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 8 is a side sectional view showing a fuel cell module of a solid oxide fuel cell device according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 9 is a sectional view taken along line III-III in FIG. 10 is an exploded perspective view of the housing and the air passage cover.

  As shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the fuel cell module 2 includes a fuel cell assembly 12 and a reformer 120 provided inside the module container 8 covered with the heat insulating material 7, and the module container 8. And an evaporator 140 provided in the heat insulating material 7.

  Here, as shown in FIG. 10, the module container 8 includes a substantially rectangular top plate 8a, bottom plate 8c, and a pair of opposing side plates 8b connecting the sides extending in the longitudinal direction (left-right direction in FIG. 8). And a lid that connects the sides extending in the width direction (left-right direction in FIG. 9) of the top plate 8a and the bottom plate 8c. It consists of bodies 8d and 8e.

  That is, in the module container 8 composed of the housing 9 (top plate 8a, bottom plate 8c, side surface 8b) and the lids 8d and 8e, the outer surfaces of the housing 9 and the lids 8d and 8e are covered with the heat insulating material 7. An air layer is formed in the space defined by the lid bodies 8d, 8e and the heat insulating material 7. That is, two heat insulating layers are formed by the heat insulating material layer and the air layer.

  In the module container 8, the top plate 8 a and the side plate 8 b are covered with an air passage cover 160. The air passage cover 160 includes a top plate 160a and a pair of opposing side plates 160b. An opening 167 for allowing the exhaust pipe 171 to pass therethrough is provided at a substantially central portion of the top plate 160a. The top plate 160a and the top plate 8a and the side plate 160b and the side plate 8b are separated by a predetermined distance. Thereby, between the outside of the module container 8 and the heat insulating material 7, specifically, between the top plate 8a and the side plate 8b of the module container 8 and between the top plate 160a and the side plate 160b of the air passage cover 160, oxidation is performed. Air passages 161a and 161b are formed as agent gas supply passages (see FIG. 9).

  At the lower part of the side plate 8b of the module container 8, air outlets 8f, which are a plurality of through holes, are provided (see FIG. 10). The power generation air passes through the flow direction adjustment unit 164 from the power generation air introduction pipe 74 provided at the substantially central portion of the top plate 160a of the air passage cover 160 on the lid body 8e side of the module container 8. 161a (see FIGS. 8 and 10). Then, the power generation air is injected into the power generation chamber 10 through the air passages 161a and 161b from the outlet 8f toward the fuel cell assembly 12 (see FIGS. 9 and 10).

  Here, the outlet (first reactive gas ejection hole) 8f is adjusted so as to focus the oxidant gas flowing through the air passages 161a and 161b to increase the flow velocity or to diverge and eject the oxidant gas that has passed therethrough. It is configured like this. In other words, by adding the function of concentrating and diffusing the oxidant gas to the outlet 8f provided in the air passages 161a and 161b, the first reaction gas injection hole can be used regardless of the size of the opening and the flow rate (flow velocity). The jet from 1026 can be adjusted.

  In addition, plate fins 162 and 163 which are plate-like offset fins as heat exchange promoting members are provided inside the air passages 161a and 161b (see FIG. 9). The plate fins 162 are provided in the horizontal direction so as to extend in the longitudinal direction and the width direction between the top plate 8 a of the module container 8 and the top plate 160 a of the air passage cover 160, and the plate fins 163 are the side plates 8 b of the module container 8. And the side plate 160b of the air passage cover 160 and at a position above the fuel cell unit 16 so as to extend in the longitudinal direction and the vertical direction.

  The power generation air flowing through the air passages 161a and 161b is inside the module container 8 inside the plate fins 162 and 163 (specifically, along the top plate 8a and the side plate 8b), particularly when passing through the plate fins 162 and 163. Heat exchange is performed with the exhaust gas passing through the exhaust passage provided). For this reason, the portions where the plate fins 162 and 163 are provided in the air passages 161a and 161b function as a heat exchanger (heat exchange section). The portion provided with the plate fins 162 constitutes a main heat exchanger portion, and the portion provided with the plate fins 163 constitutes a subordinate heat exchanger portion.

  Next, the evaporator 140 is fixed on the top plate 8a of the module container 8 so as to extend in the horizontal direction. Further, a portion 7a of the heat insulating material 7 is disposed between the evaporator 140 and the module container 8 so as to fill these gaps (see FIGS. 8 and 9).

  Specifically, the evaporator 140 includes a fuel supply pipe 63 that supplies water and raw fuel gas (which may include reforming air) to one side end side in the longitudinal direction (left-right direction in FIG. 8). An exhaust gas discharge pipe 82 (see FIG. 9) for discharging exhaust gas is connected, and an upper end portion of the exhaust pipe 171 is connected to the other end side in the longitudinal direction. The exhaust pipe 171 extends downward through an opening 167 formed in the top plate 160 a of the air passage cover 160, and is connected to the exhaust gas discharge port 111 formed on the top plate 8 a of the module container 8. The exhaust gas discharge port 111 is an opening for discharging the exhaust gas generated in the combustion chamber 18 in the module container 8 to the outside of the module container 8, and is substantially at the center of the top plate 8 a having a substantially rectangular top view of the module container 8. Is formed.

  In addition, as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the evaporator 140 has a substantially rectangular evaporator case 141 in a top view. The evaporator case 141 is formed by joining two low-profile bottomed rectangular cylindrical upper case 142 and lower case 143 with an intermediate plate 144 sandwiched therebetween.

  Accordingly, the evaporator case 141 has a two-layer structure in the vertical direction, and an exhaust passage portion 140A through which the exhaust gas supplied from the exhaust pipe 171 passes is formed in the lower layer portion, and a fuel supply is supplied in the upper layer portion. An evaporation unit 140B that evaporates water supplied from the pipe 63 to generate water vapor, and a mixing unit 140C that mixes the water vapor generated by the evaporation unit 140B and the raw fuel gas supplied from the fuel supply pipe 63 are provided. ing.

The evaporator 140B and the mixer 140C are formed in a space where the evaporator 140 is partitioned by a partition plate provided with a plurality of communication holes (slits). The evaporation unit 140B is filled with alumina balls (not shown).
Similarly, the exhaust passage portion 140A is partitioned into three spaces from the upstream side to the downstream side of the exhaust gas by two partition plates having a plurality of communication holes. The second space is filled with a combustion catalyst (not shown). That is, the evaporator 140 of the present embodiment includes a combustion catalyst device.

  In such an evaporator 140, heat exchange is performed between the water in the evaporation section 140B and the exhaust gas passing through the exhaust passage section 140A, and the water in the evaporation section 140B is evaporated by the heat of the exhaust gas, so that water vapor is generated. Will be generated. Further, heat exchange is performed between the mixed gas in the mixing section 140C and the exhaust gas passing through the exhaust passage section 140A, and the temperature of the mixed gas is raised by the heat of the exhaust gas.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 8, a mixed gas supply pipe 112 for supplying a mixed gas to the reformer 120 is connected to the mixing unit 140C. The mixed gas supply pipe 112 is disposed so as to pass through the inside of the exhaust pipe 171, one end is connected to an opening 144 a formed in the intermediate plate 144, and the other end is formed on the top surface of the reformer 120. Connected to the mixed gas supply port 120a. The mixed gas supply pipe 112 passes through the exhaust passage portion 140A and the exhaust pipe 171 and extends vertically downward into the module container 8, where it is bent approximately 90 ° and extends horizontally along the top plate 8a. , Bent downward by approximately 90 ° and connected to the reformer 120.

  Next, the reformer 120 is disposed above the combustion chamber 18 so as to extend in the horizontal direction along the longitudinal direction of the module container 8, and the exhaust gas induction member 130 is interposed between the reformer 120 and the top plate 8 a of the module container 8. And fixed to the top plate 8a with a predetermined distance. The reformer 120 has a substantially rectangular outer shape in a top view, but is an annular structure in which a through hole 120b is formed at the center, and the upper case 121 and the lower case 122 are joined to each other. The through hole 120b is positioned so as to overlap the exhaust gas discharge port 111 formed in the top plate 8a in a top view, and preferably, the exhaust gas discharge port 111 is formed at the center position of the through hole 120b.

  On one end side in the longitudinal direction of the reformer 120 (on the lid 8e side of the module container 8), the mixed gas supply pipe 112 is connected to the mixed gas supply port 120a provided in the upper case 121, and the other end side ( On the lid 8 d side), the fuel gas supply pipe 64 is connected to the lower case 122, and the hydrogen desulfurizer hydrogen extraction pipe 65 extending to the desulfurizer 36 is connected to the upper case 121. Therefore, the reformer 120 receives the mixed gas (that is, raw fuel gas mixed with water vapor (may include reforming air)) from the mixed gas supply pipe 112, reforms the mixed gas therein, The reformed gas (that is, fuel gas) is discharged from the fuel gas supply pipe 64 and the hydrogen extraction pipe 65 for hydrodesulfurizer.

  The reformer 120 is divided into three spaces by the two partition plates 123a and 123b, so that the reformer 120 receives a mixed gas from the mixed gas supply pipe 112 in the reformer 120. And a reforming section 120B filled with a reforming catalyst (not shown) for reforming the mixed gas, and a gas discharge section 120C for discharging the gas that has passed through the reforming section 120B are formed. (See FIG. 8). The reforming unit 120B is a space sandwiched between the partition plates 123a and 123b, and the reforming catalyst is held in this space. The mixed gas and the reformed fuel gas are movable through a plurality of communication holes (slits) provided in the partition plates 123a and 123b. As the reforming catalyst, a catalyst obtained by imparting nickel to the alumina sphere surface or a catalyst obtained by imparting ruthenium to the alumina sphere surface is appropriately used.

The mixed gas supplied from the evaporator 140 through the mixed gas supply pipe 112 is ejected to the mixed gas receiving unit 120A through the mixed gas supply port 120a. The mixed gas is expanded in the mixed gas receiving unit 120A, the jetting speed is reduced, and is supplied to the reforming unit 120B through the partition plate 123a.
In the reforming unit 120B, the mixed gas moving at a low speed is reformed into a fuel gas by the reforming catalyst, and the fuel gas passes through the partition plate 123b and is supplied to the gas discharge unit 120C.
In the gas discharge unit 120C, the fuel gas is discharged to the fuel gas supply pipe 64 and the hydrogen extraction pipe 65 for the hydrodesulfurizer.

  A fuel gas supply pipe 64 serving as a fuel gas supply passage extends downward in the module container 8 along the lid body 8d, is bent approximately 90 ° in the vicinity of the bottom plate 8c, and extends in the horizontal direction. It extends into the manifold 66 formed below the base, and further extends horizontally in the manifold 66 to the vicinity of the lid 8e on the opposite side. A plurality of fuel supply holes 64 b are formed in the lower surface of the horizontal portion 64 a of the fuel gas supply pipe 64, and fuel gas is supplied into the manifold 66 from the fuel supply holes 64 b. A support plate 68 having a through hole for supporting the fuel cell stack 14 is attached above the manifold 66, and the fuel gas in the manifold 66 is supplied into the fuel cell unit 16. . An ignition device 83 for starting combustion of fuel gas and air is provided in the combustion chamber 18.

  The exhaust gas guiding member 130 is disposed between the reformer 120 and the top plate 8 a so as to extend in the horizontal direction along the longitudinal direction of the module container 8. The exhaust gas guiding member 130 includes a lower guiding plate 131 and an upper guiding plate 132 that are separated by a predetermined distance in the vertical direction, and connecting plates 133 and 134 to which both ends of these longitudinal directions are attached (FIG. 8, (See FIG. 9). The upper guide plate 132 is bent at both ends in the width direction downward and is connected to the lower guide plate 131. The connection plates 133 and 134 have upper ends connected to the top plate 8a and lower ends connected to the reformer 120, thereby fixing the exhaust gas guiding member 130 and the reformer 120 to the top plate 8a. Yes.

  The lower guide plate 131 is formed with a convex step portion 131a in which a central portion in the width direction (left-right direction in FIG. 9) protrudes downward. On the other hand, as with the lower guide plate 131, the upper guide plate 132 is formed with a recess 132a so that the central portion in the width direction becomes concave downward. The convex step portion 131a and the concave portion 132a extend in the longitudinal direction in parallel in the vertical direction. The mixed gas supply pipe 112 extends horizontally in the recess 132a in the module container 8 and then bends downward near the lid body 8e, penetrates the upper guide plate 132 and the lower guide plate 131, and It is connected to the reformer 120.

  In the exhaust gas guiding member 130, a gas reservoir 135, which is an internal space that functions as a heat insulating layer, is formed by the upper guiding plate 132, the lower guiding plate 131, and the connecting plates 133 and 134. The gas reservoir 135 is in fluid communication with the combustion chamber 18. That is, the upper guide plate 132, the lower guide plate 131, and the connecting plates 133 and 134 are connected so as to form a predetermined gap, and are not airtightly connected. The gas reservoir 135 can allow exhaust gas to flow from the combustion chamber 18 during operation, or air from the outside during stoppage. However, movement of gas between the inside and outside of the gas reservoir 135 is generally performed. It is moderate.

  The upper guide plate 132 is disposed at a predetermined vertical distance from the top plate 8a, and the exhaust extending in the horizontal direction along the longitudinal direction and the width direction is provided between the upper guide plate 132 and the top plate 8a. A passage 172 is formed. The exhaust passage 172 is arranged in parallel with the air passage 161a with the top plate 8a of the module container 8 interposed therebetween. Inside the exhaust passage 172, plate fins similar to the plate fins 162 and 163 in the air passages 161a and 161b are provided. 175 is arranged. The plate fins 175 are provided at substantially the same location as the plate fins 162 when viewed from above, and face each other in the vertical direction across the top plate 8a. Of the air passage 161a and the exhaust passage 172, in the portion where the plate fins 162 and 175 are provided, efficient heat exchange is performed between the power generation air flowing through the air passage 161a and the exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust passage 172. The power generation air is heated by the heat of the exhaust gas.

  The reformer 120 is disposed at a predetermined horizontal distance from the side plate 8b of the module container 8, and exhaust gas that allows exhaust gas to pass from below to above between the reformer 120 and the side plate 8b. A passage 173 is formed. Further, the exhaust gas guiding member 130 is also arranged at a predetermined horizontal distance from the side plate 8b, and the exhaust passage 173 includes the passage between the exhaust gas guiding member 130 and the side plate 8b and extends to the top plate 8a. . The exhaust passage 173 communicates with the exhaust passage 172 through an exhaust gas introduction port 172a located at the corner between the top plate 8a and the side plate 8b. The exhaust gas inlet 172 a extends in the longitudinal direction in the module container 8.

  Further, the lower guide plate 131 is disposed at a predetermined vertical distance from the top surface of the upper case 121 of the reformer 120, and between the lower guide plate 131 and the upper case 121 and the reformer. The through-hole 120b of 120 forms an exhaust passage 174 through which exhaust gas that has passed through the through-hole 120b from below to above passes. The exhaust passage 174 joins the exhaust passage 173 above the reformer 120.

Next, the fuel cell unit 16 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 11 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a fuel cell unit of a solid oxide fuel cell device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 11, the fuel cell unit 16 includes a fuel cell 84 and inner electrode terminals 86 that are caps respectively connected to both ends of the fuel cell 84.
The fuel cell 84 is a tubular structure extending in the vertical direction, and includes a cylindrical inner electrode layer 90 that forms a fuel gas flow path 88 therein, a cylindrical outer electrode layer 92, an inner electrode layer 90, and an outer side. An electrolyte layer 94 is provided between the electrode layer 92 and the electrode layer 92. The inner electrode layer 90 is a fuel electrode through which fuel gas passes and becomes a (−) electrode, while the outer electrode layer 92 is an air electrode in contact with air and becomes a (+) electrode.

  Since the inner electrode terminal 86 attached to the upper end side and the lower end side of the fuel cell 84 has the same structure, the inner electrode terminal 86 attached to the upper end side will be specifically described here. The upper portion 90 a of the inner electrode layer 90 includes an outer peripheral surface 90 b and an upper end surface 90 c exposed to the electrolyte layer 94 and the outer electrode layer 92. The inner electrode terminal 86 is connected to the outer peripheral surface 90b of the inner electrode layer 90 through a conductive sealing material 96, and is further in direct contact with the upper end surface 90c of the inner electrode layer 90, thereby Electrically connected. At the center of the inner electrode terminal 86, a fuel gas channel capillary 98 that communicates with the fuel gas channel 88 of the inner electrode layer 90 is formed.

  The fuel gas passage narrow tube 98 is an elongated thin tube provided so as to extend in the axial direction of the fuel cell 84 from the center of the inner electrode terminal 86. Therefore, a predetermined pressure loss occurs in the flow of the fuel gas flowing from the manifold 66 (see FIG. 8) into the fuel gas passage 88 through the fuel gas passage narrow tube 98 of the lower inner electrode terminal 86. To do. Accordingly, the fuel gas flow passage narrow tube 98 of the lower inner electrode terminal 86 acts as an inflow side flow passage resistance portion, and the flow passage resistance is set to a predetermined value. Further, a predetermined pressure loss also occurs in the flow of the fuel gas flowing out from the fuel gas flow path 88 to the combustion chamber 18 (see FIG. 8) through the fuel gas flow path narrow tube 98 of the upper inner electrode terminal 86. Therefore, the fuel gas flow passage narrow tube 98 of the upper inner electrode terminal 86 acts as an outflow side flow passage resistance portion, and the flow passage resistance is set to a predetermined value.

  The inner electrode layer 90 includes, for example, a mixture of Ni and zirconia doped with at least one selected from rare earth elements such as Ca, Y, and Sc, and Ni and ceria doped with at least one selected from rare earth elements. The mixture is formed of at least one of Ni and a mixture of lanthanum garade doped with at least one selected from Sr, Mg, Co, Fe, and Cu.

  The electrolyte layer 94 is, for example, zirconia doped with at least one selected from rare earth elements such as Y and Sc, ceria doped with at least one selected from rare earth elements, lanthanum gallate doped with at least one selected from Sr and Mg, Formed from at least one of the following.

  The outer electrode layer 92 includes, for example, lanthanum manganite doped with at least one selected from Sr and Ca, lanthanum ferrite doped with at least one selected from Sr, Co, Ni and Cu, Sr, Fe, Ni and Cu. It is formed from at least one of lanthanum cobaltite doped with at least one selected from the group consisting of silver and silver.

Next, the fuel cell stack 14 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 12 is a perspective view showing a fuel cell stack of a solid oxide fuel cell device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 12, the fuel cell stack 14 includes 16 fuel cell units 16, and these fuel cell units 16 are arranged in two rows of 8 each.
Each fuel cell unit 16 is supported by a ceramic rectangular support plate 68 (see FIG. 8) on the lower end side, and on the upper end side, two fuel cell unit units 16 at both ends are provided, each having two substantially square shapes. It is supported by the upper support plate 100. The support plate 68 and the upper support plate 100 are formed with through holes through which the inner electrode terminal 86 can pass.

  Furthermore, a current collector 102 and an external terminal 104 are attached to the fuel cell unit 16. The current collector 102 includes a fuel electrode connection portion 102a that is electrically connected to an inner electrode terminal 86 attached to the inner electrode layer 90 that is a fuel electrode, and an outer peripheral surface of the outer electrode layer 92 that is an air electrode. It is integrally formed so as to connect the air electrode connecting portion 102b that is electrically connected. In addition, a silver thin film is formed on the entire outer surface of the outer electrode layer 92 (air electrode) of each fuel cell unit 16 as an electrode on the air electrode side. When the air electrode connecting portion 102b contacts the surface of the thin film, the current collector 102 is electrically connected to the entire air electrode.

  Further, two external terminals 104 are connected to the air electrodes of the fuel cell unit 16 located at the end of the fuel cell stack 14 (the far left side in FIG. 12). These external terminals 104 are connected to the inner electrode terminal 86 of the fuel cell unit 16 at the end of the adjacent fuel cell stack 14, and as described above, all 128 fuel cell units 16 are connected in series. It has come to be.

  Next, the flow of gas in the fuel cell module of the solid oxide fuel cell apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 13 is a side cross-sectional view showing a fuel cell module of a solid oxide fuel cell device according to an embodiment of the present invention, similar to FIG. 8, and FIG. 14 is similar to FIG. It is sectional drawing along the -III line. FIGS. 13 and 14 are diagrams in which an arrow indicating a gas flow is newly added in FIGS. 8 and 9, respectively, and shows a state in which the heat insulating material 7 is removed for convenience of explanation. In the figure, solid line arrows indicate the flow of fuel gas, broken line arrows indicate the flow of power generation air, and alternate long and short dash arrows indicate the flow of exhaust gas.

  As shown in FIG. 13, water and raw fuel gas (fuel gas) are fed into an evaporation section 140 </ b> B provided in an upper layer of the evaporator 140 from a fuel supply pipe 63 connected to one end side in the longitudinal direction of the evaporator 140. Supplied. The water supplied to the evaporator 140B is heated by the exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust passage 140A provided in the lower layer of the evaporator 140, and becomes water vapor. The water vapor and the raw fuel gas supplied from the fuel supply pipe 63 flow downstream in the evaporation unit 140B and are mixed in the mixing unit 140C. The mixed gas in the mixing section 140C is heated by the exhaust gas flowing through the lower exhaust passage section 140A.

  The mixed gas (fuel gas) formed in the mixing unit 140 </ b> C is supplied to the reformer 120 in the module container 8 through the mixed gas supply pipe 112. Since the mixed gas supply pipe 112 passes through the exhaust passage portion 140A, the exhaust pipe 171, and the exhaust passage 172 in order, the mixed gas in the mixed gas supply pipe 112 is further heated by the exhaust gas flowing through these passages. .

  The mixed gas flows into the mixed gas receiving part 120A in the reformer 120, and from here passes through the partition plate 123a and flows into the reforming part 120B. The mixed gas is reformed in the reforming unit 120B to become fuel gas. The fuel gas thus generated passes through the partition plate 123b and flows into the gas discharge part 120C.

  Further, the fuel gas branches from the gas discharge part 120C into the fuel gas supply pipe 64 and the hydrogen extraction pipe 65 for hydrodesulfurizer. The fuel gas that has flowed into the fuel gas supply pipe 64 is supplied into the manifold 66 from the fuel supply hole 64 b provided in the horizontal portion 64 a of the fuel gas supply pipe 64, and from the manifold 66 into each fuel cell unit 16. Supplied.

  Further, as shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, the power generation air is supplied from the power generation air introduction pipe 74 to the air passage 161a. When the power generation air passes through the plate fins 162, 163 in the air passages 161a, 161b, the exhaust air passes through the exhaust passages 172, 173 formed in the module container 8 below the plate fins 162, 163. The heat exchange is performed efficiently between the two and the heat. In particular, in the exhaust passage 172, plate fins 175 are provided corresponding to the plate fins 162 of the air passage 161a, so that the power generation air is made up of exhaust gas via the plate fins 162 and the plate fins 175. Perform efficient heat exchange. Thereafter, the power generation air is injected into the power generation chamber 10 from the plurality of outlets 8 f provided at the lower portion of the side plate 8 b of the module container 8 toward the fuel cell assembly 12. In the present embodiment, since the exhaust passage is not formed in the side portion of the fuel cell assembly 12, heat exchange between the power generation air and the exhaust gas is not performed in this portion. Therefore, in the side portion of the fuel cell assembly 12, it is difficult for the temperature gradient in the vertical direction to occur in the power generation air in the air passage 161b.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 14, the fuel gas not used for power generation in the power generation chamber 10 is combusted in the combustion chamber 18 to become exhaust gas (combustion gas), and rises in the module container 8. Specifically, the exhaust gas is branched into an exhaust passage 173 and an exhaust passage 174, between the outer surface of the reformer 120 and the side plate 8 b of the module container 8, and from the through hole 120 b of the reformer 120. It passes between the reformer 120 and the exhaust gas guiding member 130, respectively. At this time, the exhaust gas passing through the exhaust passage 174 is bisected in the width direction by the convex step portion 131a disposed above the through-hole 120b of the reformer 120, and does not stay at the lower portion of the exhaust gas guiding member 130. It is guided toward 173 and quickly merged with the exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust passage 173.

Thereafter, the exhaust gas flows into the exhaust passage 172 from the exhaust gas inlet 172a. In the exhaust passage 172, the exhaust gas flows in the horizontal direction in the exhaust passage 172 and flows out from the exhaust gas discharge port 111 formed in the center of the top plate 8 a of the module container 8.
When the exhaust gas flows upward through the exhaust passage 173, heat exchange is performed between the power generation air and the exhaust gas via the plate fins 163 provided in the air passage 161b. Further, when exhaust gas flows in the exhaust passage 172 in the horizontal direction, a plate fin 175 provided in the exhaust passage 172, and a plate fin 162 provided in the air passage 161a corresponding to the plate fin 175, Thus, efficient heat exchange is performed between the power generation air and the exhaust gas. In this way, the power generation air is heated by the heat of the exhaust gas.

  The exhaust gas flowing out from the exhaust gas discharge port 111 passes through the exhaust pipe 171 provided outside the module container 8, flows into the exhaust passage part 140A of the evaporator 140, passes through the exhaust passage part 140A, and then evaporates. From the vessel 140 to the exhaust gas discharge pipe 82. As described above, the exhaust gas exchanges heat with the mixed gas in the mixing section 140C of the evaporator 140 and the water in the evaporation section 140B when flowing through the exhaust passage section 140A of the evaporator 140.

  Next, with reference to FIGS. 15-19, the effect | action of the reformer of a present Example is demonstrated. 15 is a partial cross-sectional view of the upper part of the fuel cell module of the solid oxide fuel cell device according to one embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 16 is an explanatory view of the exhaust gas flowing around the reformer. 17 and 18 are a side sectional perspective view and a front sectional perspective view of the reformer and the exhaust gas guiding member, respectively, and FIG. 19 is an explanatory diagram of the exhaust gas flowing through the through hole of the reformer.

  As shown in FIG. 15, the power generation air supplied into the power generation chamber 10 moves upward (see the broken line arrow in FIG. 15) and burns off-gas in the combustion chamber 18 to become exhaust gas. If the through hole 120b is not formed in the reformer 120, the exhaust gas passes from the combustion chamber 18 only through the exhaust passage 173 (extending along the inner surface of the side plate 8b of the module container 8), and the module container 8 It will move towards the top inside. In this case, the flow path distribution of the power generation air is biased to the vicinity of both ends in the width direction of the top surface with respect to the fuel cell assembly 12, and the air supply to the fuel cell unit 16 in the central portion is sufficient. The fuel cell unit 16 in this portion may be deteriorated.

  Therefore, in this embodiment, the exhaust passage 174 (extending between the reformer 120 and the exhaust gas guiding member 130 from the through hole 120b of the reformer 120) is formed by providing the reformer 120 with the through hole 120b. is doing. Thereby, in the present embodiment, the exhaust gas can branch from the combustion chamber 18 into the exhaust passage 174 and the exhaust passage 173 and move toward the upper part in the module container 8 (see FIG. 16).

  Further, in the present embodiment, in particular, the flow rate of the exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust passage 174 is larger than that of the exhaust passage 173 so that the flow rate ratio of the exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust passage 174 and the exhaust passage 173 becomes a predetermined value. As shown, the passage cross-sectional area of the exhaust passage 173, the cross-sectional area of the exhaust passage 174 above the reformer 120, the opening area and the corner R shape of the through-hole 120b, the connecting recesses described later, and the like are dimensionally designed. Yes. Thereby, even if the distance between the reformer 120 and the fuel cell assembly 12 is close, the exhaust gas can be reliably flowed to the exhaust passage 174. For this reason, in this embodiment, along with the flow of such exhaust gas, the flow of power generation air flows to the central portion without being biased near both ends in the width direction of the fuel cell assembly 12 in a top view. Therefore, unevenness in the air supply amount of power generation air in the power generation chamber 10 is suppressed, and the flow of power generation air is easily equalized.

  Further, in this embodiment, the reformer 120 is heated by the exhaust gas colliding with the bottom surface thereof, then heated from the side in the width direction by the exhaust gas passing through the exhaust passage 173, and passes through the through hole 120b. It is also heated from the center by the exhaust gas. Thus, in this embodiment, the reformer 120 can be efficiently heated with the exhaust gas.

  Further, in this embodiment, the through hole 120b of the reformer 120 and the exhaust gas discharge port 111 of the module container 8 are formed so as to at least partially overlap each other when viewed from above. More preferably, the exhaust gas discharge port 111 is disposed at a central portion in the longitudinal direction and the width direction of the through hole 120b, which is a point-symmetrical position of the through hole 120b in a top view. Further, the exhaust gas discharge port 111 and the through hole 120b are arranged in the central portion of the fuel cell assembly 12 in a top view.

  If the exhaust gas discharge port 111 is arranged so as to be shifted in the width direction with respect to the through hole 120b in a top view, the flow of the exhaust gas from the through hole 120b to the exhaust gas discharge port 111 is not at least in the width direction. Become equal or asymmetric. And with such a flow of exhaust gas, the flow of power generation air also becomes uneven in the width direction. However, in the present embodiment, the exhaust gas discharge port 111 and the through hole 120b are arranged in the central portion of the module container 8 in a top view and overlap each other, so that the through hole 120b is connected to the exhaust gas discharge port 111. The flow of exhaust gas is uniform at least in the width direction, and the flow of power generation air is also uniform in the width direction. The reformer 120 is also arranged at the center position of the module container 8 in a top view. Thereby, the bias of the flow distribution of the power generation air is suppressed, and the power generation air can be sufficiently supplied to the fuel cell unit 16 substantially including the central portion and the vicinity of both ends. Deterioration of the cell unit 16 can be suppressed.

  Further, in this embodiment, the flow rate of the exhaust gas is symmetric (line symmetric) in the width direction of the reformer 120, that is, the flow rates of the exhaust passages 173 on both sides of the through hole 120b are uniform. The through-holes 120b are formed in line symmetry so as to divide the reformer 120 at least approximately equally in the width direction when viewed from above so that the uneven distribution is eliminated. In the present embodiment, the through-holes 120b are formed in line symmetry so as to divide the reformer 120 substantially equally in the longitudinal direction when viewed from above.

  In this embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 17 and 18, the through hole 120b of the reformer 120 is substantially oval when viewed from above, and is formed to extend in the longitudinal direction. The housing of the reformer 120 includes an upper case 121 and a lower case 122. Each of the upper case 121 and the lower case 122 is formed with connecting recesses 121a and 122a that are recessed inward so as to connect the through holes 120b from both ends in the width direction. In this embodiment, the connecting recesses 121a and 122a are formed two by two apart from each other in the longitudinal direction.

  When the exhaust gas rising from the combustion chamber 18 collides with the bottom surface of the lower case 122 of the reformer 120, the connection recess 122 a causes the exhaust gas to flow on both sides in the width direction, that is, the through hole 120 b (exhaust passage 174) and the module container. 8 to the exhaust passage 173 along the side plate 8b. Thereby, in this embodiment, it becomes possible to positively supply the exhaust gas to the through hole 120b without the flow of the exhaust gas being biased to the exhaust passage 173.

  Further, the connecting recesses 121 a and 122 a protrude toward the internal space of the reformer 120. Specifically, the connecting recesses 121a and 122a protrude toward the internal space so as to narrow the flow path of the reforming unit 120B in the reformer 120. For this reason, since the mixed gas flows through the reforming section 120B while changing the flow path by the protruding portions by the connecting recesses 121a and 122a, the contact opportunity and the contact time between the mixed gas and the reforming catalyst increase. Thereby, in a present Example, the reforming efficiency of mixed gas can be improved. Further, the reforming catalyst is heated up to a predetermined temperature by the exhaust gas flowing around the reformer 120. However, due to the increased opportunity and time of contact between the mixed gas and the reforming catalyst, the temperature of the reforming catalyst is increased. The mixed gas can be efficiently heated.

  In the present embodiment, the upper case 121 and the lower case 122 are formed from the same original case member. That is, the original case member is formed by molding (for example, drawing) a metal material using a predetermined mold. And the upper case 121 and the lower case 122 are each formed by processing the same original case member. For this reason, it is possible to achieve both cost reduction and improvement in assembly. Further, if the case of the reformer 120 has a one-part configuration, a bulky case cannot be formed by drawing, but in this embodiment, the case of the reformer 120 has a two-part configuration with an upper case 121 and a lower case 122. Therefore, a bulky case can be formed. For this reason, when the volumes are the same, a small reformer with a smaller bottom area can be obtained.

  Upper case 121 and lower case 122 have flange portions 121b and 122b on the outer peripheral side and flange portions 121c and 122c on the inner peripheral side that form through holes 120b, respectively, and these flange portions are superposed. It is fixed by welding. The outer peripheral flange portions 121b and 122b have the same width and can be easily welded from the side of the case. On the other hand, when the flange portions 121c and 122c on the inner peripheral side have the same width, it is difficult to perform the welding work from the side, and the assemblability is poor. For this reason, in this embodiment, the flange portion 121c on the inner peripheral side is processed from the original case member so as to be narrower than the flange portion 122c (see FIG. 18). For this reason, the flange portions 121c and 122c can be easily welded from the upper side using the steps of the flange portions, and the assemblability can be improved.

  Further, the upper case 121 and the lower case 122 are curved so that the corners of the inner side surfaces (including the corners of the through holes 120b) have an R shape having a predetermined radius of curvature (see FIG. 17 and the broken line part A in FIG. 16). The radius of curvature is preferably 1.0 mm to 30 mm. For this reason, in this embodiment, when the gas passes through the inside of the reformer 120, it is prevented that the gas stays in the corner portion, so that there is no dead space in the container and it is uniform with respect to the reforming catalyst. It becomes easy to circulate gas.

  Further, the connecting portion or corner portion between the peripheral surface of the through hole 120b and the lower surface of the lower case 122 has an R shape so as to have a predetermined radius of curvature over the periphery of the through hole 120b (including the portion of the coupling recess 122a). (See the broken line portion A in FIG. 18). That is, as shown in FIG. 19, the case cross section of the reformer 120 has an R shape that is convex outward from the bottom surface of the reformer 120 to the peripheral surface (side surface) of the through hole 120b. It has become.

  Since the corners of the peripheral surface of the through hole 120b and the bottom surface of the lower case 122 are formed in a circular arc shape with a predetermined radius of curvature, the exhaust gas colliding with the lower case 122 is guided toward the through hole 120b. It becomes easy to be done. And it is pulled by such a flow of exhaust gas, and the power generation air is also directed toward the through hole 120b. However, if the radius of curvature becomes too large, the amount of power generation air that is guided to the through-hole 120b becomes too large, and the amount of power generation air that passes through the outer periphery of the reformer 120 becomes too small. The flow path distribution of the power generation air becomes uneven.

  For this reason, in this embodiment, the radius of curvature of the corner is set to 1.0 mm to 30 mm so that the flow ratio of the power generation air in the exhaust passage 173 and the exhaust passage 174 becomes an appropriate value. Thus, sufficient power generation air can be distributed to each of the fuel cell units 16 disposed in the central portion and the peripheral portion.

Next, with reference to FIG. 15, the operation of the exhaust gas guiding member of the present embodiment will be described.
In the present embodiment, the evaporator 140 is arranged outside the module container 8, and this arrangement prevents a local temperature drop (including a temperature drop of exhaust gas) due to the heat of evaporation of water in the module container 8. The heat exchange between the exhaust gas and the power generation air is performed more efficiently. Therefore, in this embodiment, heat exchange is avoided at the side portion of the fuel cell unit 16, and substantial heat exchange is performed only at a limited portion near the top plate 8a of the module container 8. Is possible.

  For this reason, in this embodiment, an air passage 161a and an exhaust passage 172 are formed above and below the top plate 8a, and substantial heat exchange is performed in this portion. However, when downsizing the apparatus, the area of the top plate 8a is also small, so there is a possibility that an area for sufficient heat exchange cannot be secured. Therefore, in this embodiment, a high heat exchange efficiency is achieved by maintaining the temperature difference of the exhaust gas at the inlet and outlet of the exhaust passage 172 as large as possible.

  For this reason, in this embodiment, the exhaust gas guiding member 130 is employed. The exhaust gas guiding member 130 causes the exhaust gas rising through the through-hole 120b to collide with the convex step 131a protruding downward so as to face the through-hole 120b, and is directed in the width direction to promptly It guides to the exhaust gas inlet 172a. Thereby, the exhaust gas is quickly guided toward the exhaust gas inlet 172a without staying near the bottom surface of the exhaust gas guiding member 130.

  Since the exhaust passage 172 functioning as a heat exchange part is formed in the upper part of the exhaust gas guiding member 130, the exhaust gas in the upper part of the exhaust gas guiding member 130 is at a lower temperature than the exhaust gas in the lower part. Therefore, if the exhaust gas stays in the exhaust passage 174 near the bottom surface of the exhaust gas guiding member 130, heat exchange occurs between the exhaust gas in the exhaust passage 172 via the exhaust gas guiding member 130, and the exhaust gas in the exhaust passage 174 The temperature may decrease. Further, the exhaust gas in the exhaust passage 174 may be deprived of heat through the upper surface of the reformer 120 and the lower surface of the exhaust gas guiding member 130. However, in this embodiment, by providing the convex step portion 131a on the bottom surface of the exhaust gas guiding member 130, the high temperature exhaust gas that has passed through the through-hole 120b of the reformer 120 is allowed to flow. Since it can be quickly guided to the side without staying in the vicinity of the bottom surface, it is possible to reach the exhaust gas inlet 172a while maintaining a high temperature.

  Further, in the exhaust passage 172, when exhaust gas flows from both ends in the width direction (exhaust gas inlet 172a which is an inlet of the exhaust passage 172) toward the central portion (particularly, the exhaust gas outlet 111 which is an outlet of the exhaust passage 172). In addition, since heat exchange with the power generation air is performed, the temperature of the exhaust gas in the vicinity of the recess 132a of the exhaust gas guiding member 130 (see the broken line portion A in FIG. 15) becomes the lowest. In particular, the temperature in the vicinity of the exhaust gas discharge port 111 disposed in the central portion in the longitudinal direction of the recess 132a is the lowest. On the other hand, in the exhaust passage 174, the temperature above the through hole 120b of the reformer 120, that is, in the vicinity of the convex step portion 131a of the exhaust gas guiding member 130 (see the broken line portion B in FIG. 15) becomes the highest.

  Since the region of the broken line portion A having the lowest temperature and the region of the broken line portion B having the highest temperature (see FIG. 15) are positioned above and below via the exhaust gas guiding member 130, the linear separation distance is small. For this reason, if heat exchange is performed between these regions, the exhaust gas inlet temperature may decrease. Therefore, in this embodiment, a gas reservoir 135 (gas chamber) is formed in the case member of the exhaust gas guiding member 130, and this gas reservoir 135 functions as a heat insulating material. As a result, in this embodiment, heat exchange between the upper and lower spaces of the exhaust gas guiding member 130 (that is, the exhaust passage 172 and the exhaust passage 174), particularly between the regions of the broken lines A and B in FIG. Therefore, the temperature reduction of the high temperature exhaust gas that has passed through the through-hole 120b of the reformer 120 is prevented, and the exhaust gas is allowed to flow out to the exhaust gas inlet 172a while maintaining the high temperature state, and the exhaust gas inlet temperature is maintained at a high temperature. can do.

Further, since the exhaust gas guiding member 130 functions as a heat insulating material, the exhaust gas heat in the exhaust passage 172 is suppressed from being taken away by the exhaust gas guiding member 130, and the exhaust gas in the exhaust passage 172 and the power generation air in the air passage 161a. Heat exchange between the two can be promoted.
Furthermore, since the upper guide plate 132 of the exhaust gas guiding member 130 functions as a heat reflecting plate in the exhaust passage 172, radiant heat from the upper guide plate 132 can be applied to the exhaust gas and air. Thereby, in a present Example, the higher heat exchange efficiency in a heat exchange part can be achieved.

  Further, the exhaust gas guiding member 130 is formed of a member having heat conductivity (for example, a metal material or the like) and itself conducts heat. Therefore, when the high temperature exhaust gas collides with the convex step 131a of the exhaust gas guiding member 130 and the convex step 131a is heated, heat conduction from the convex step 131a to other parts of the exhaust gas guiding member 130 is performed. Cannot be completely blocked. For this reason, heat conduction to the upper surface of the exhaust gas guiding member 130 may also occur. Then, on the upper surface of the exhaust gas guiding member 130, the temperature difference between the upstream side and the downstream side of the exhaust passage 172 constituting the heat exchange unit is reduced, which is disadvantageous for improving the heat exchange efficiency.

  Therefore, in the present embodiment, the exhaust passage is formed by forming the recess 132a in the downstream portion of the exhaust passage 172 (that is, the central portion in the width direction) where the exhaust gas temperature is the lowest on the upper surface of the exhaust gas guiding member 130. A portion where the main flow portion of the exhaust gas passes in 172 (a passage height position other than a portion where the concave portion 132a is formed, the height position where the plate fin 175 is located in FIG. 15) and the concave portion 132a of the exhaust gas guiding member 130. The distance from the bottom is increased. As a result, heat exchange between the exhaust gas and the exhaust gas guiding member 130 hardly occurs in the downstream portion of the exhaust passage 172, and heat conduction from the convex step portion 131a to the concave portion 132a is suppressed. That is, once the temperature of the concave portion 132a is increased by heat conduction, heat exchange with the exhaust gas hardly occurs in the vicinity of the concave portion 132a, so that the temperature of the concave portion 132a is hardly lowered. Thereby, in a present Example, the higher heat exchange efficiency in a heat exchange part can be achieved.

  The mixed gas supply pipe 112 is connected to the reformer 120 from the exhaust gas outlet 111 through the module container 8. For this reason, the mixed gas in the mixed gas supply pipe 112 can be preheated in the module container 8, but the heat of the exhaust gas is taken away by this preheating, which is disadvantageous for improving the heat exchange efficiency. Therefore, in this embodiment, the mixed gas supply pipe 112 is disposed in the recess 132a of the exhaust gas guiding member 130 on the downstream side of the exhaust passage 172 where the temperature of the exhaust gas is the lowest, so that the heat in the heat exchange unit is The temperature of the mixed gas supply pipe 112 is raised not by the high-temperature exhaust gas before the exchange but by the low-temperature exhaust gas after the heat exchange. Thereby, it is suppressed that the heat | fever of exhaust gas is taken away excessively by the mixed gas supply pipe | tube 112, and the efficiency (heat exchange efficiency) which preheats mixed gas can be reduced.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Solid oxide fuel cell apparatus 2 Fuel cell module 7, 7a Heat insulating material 8 Module container 8a Top plate 8b Side plate 8d, 8e Cover body 8f Outlet (1st reaction gas ejection hole)
9 Housing 10 Power generation chamber 16 Fuel cell unit 18 Combustion chamber (combustion section)
63 Fuel supply pipe 64 Fuel gas supply pipe (fuel gas supply passage)
74 Air introduction pipe for power generation 82 Exhaust gas discharge pipe 111 Exhaust gas discharge port 112 Mixed gas supply pipe 120 Reformer 120b Through hole (opening)
121 Upper case 122 Lower case 121a, 122a Connecting recess 130 Exhaust gas guiding member 131 Lower guiding plate 131a Convex stepped portion 132 Upper guiding plate 132a Recessing 133, 134 Connecting plate 135 Gas reservoir 140 Evaporator 160 Air passage cover 160a Top plate 160b Side plates 161a, 161b Air passages 162, 163 Plate fins 164 Flow direction adjustment portion 171 Exhaust pipe 172a Exhaust gas inlets 172, 173, 174 Exhaust passages 175 Plate fins 1000 Solid oxide fuel cell device 1002 Fuel cell module
1004 Manifold 1006 Second reaction gas supply pipe 1008 Power generation chamber 1010 Support plate 1011 Cell stack 1012 Fuel cell 1013 Module container 1014 Case 1016 First open surface 1018 Second open surface 1020 Lid 1022 First reaction gas passage cover 1024 Gasifier 1026 First reactive gas ejection hole 1028 First reactive gas introduction pipe 1030 Combustion chamber 1032 Exhaust gas outlet 1034 First reactive gas flow path 1036 Focusing type ejection hole 1038 Diverging type ejection hole 1040 First interval 1042 Second interval

Claims (9)

A cell stack in which a plurality of solid oxide fuel cells that generate electric power by reaction between the first reaction gas supplied to the outer surface and the second reaction gas supplied to the internal flow path are disposed;
A container containing the cell stack;
A first reaction gas flow path, which is attached to the inside or outside of the container and for supplying the first reaction gas to the outer surface of the fuel cell;
A plurality of first reaction gas ejection holes provided in the first reaction gas flow path for ejecting the first reaction gas to the outer surface of the fuel cell,
The plurality of first reaction gas ejection holes include a convergence type ejection hole that ejects the first reaction gas so as to converge at a predetermined position in the container, and a divergence in which the first reaction gas diverges inside the container. A solid oxide fuel cell device, characterized by having a mold ejection hole. The first reactive gas ejection hole is an opening provided on a wall surface constituting the first reactive gas flow path,
The converging-type ejection hole is configured such that the opening diameter on the outflow side is smaller than the opening diameter on the inflow side of the first reactive gas ejection hole,
2. The solid oxidation according to claim 1, wherein the divergent ejection hole is configured such that an opening diameter on an outflow side is larger than an opening diameter on an inflow side of the first reactive gas ejection hole. Physical fuel cell system.   3. The solid oxide fuel cell device according to claim 2, wherein the plurality of first reaction gas ejection holes are linearly arranged in a horizontal direction along an arrangement direction of the cell stack.   4. The solid oxide fuel cell device according to claim 3, wherein the first reactive gas ejection hole is provided between the fuel cells arranged side by side. 5.   The first reaction gas channel is provided on the wall surface of the container facing the cell stack, and the first reaction gas ejection holes on one side and the other side opposed to each other are the focusing type ejection holes. The solid oxide fuel cell device according to claim 4, wherein the divergent jet holes correspond to each other.   The cell stack includes a plurality of the fuel cells arranged at a predetermined first interval and a second interval larger than the first interval, and the focusing is performed at a position where the second interval is provided. 6. The solid oxide fuel cell according to claim 5, wherein a mold ejection hole is disposed.   7. The solid oxide fuel cell device according to claim 6, wherein in the first reactive gas ejection hole, the focusing type ejection hole is configured to be adjacent to the diverging type ejection hole.   The solid oxide fuel cell device according to claim 7, wherein a peripheral edge of the converging-type ejection hole projects in the cell stack direction.   The opening of the first reactive gas ejection hole provided downstream of the first reactive gas channel is provided so as to be orthogonal to the traveling direction of the first reactive gas, and constitutes the first reactive gas channel. 9. The solid oxide fuel cell device according to claim 4, wherein a wall surface of the downstream end is provided to be inclined with respect to a traveling direction of the first reaction gas.

Images