JP6578057B2 - Propeller and transportation equipment driven by it - Google Patents

Propeller and transportation equipment driven by it Download PDF

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JP6578057B2
JP6578057B2 JP2018518193A JP2018518193A JP6578057B2 JP 6578057 B2 JP6578057 B2 JP 6578057B2 JP 2018518193 A JP2018518193 A JP 2018518193A JP 2018518193 A JP2018518193 A JP 2018518193A JP 6578057 B2 JP6578057 B2 JP 6578057B2
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propeller
guard
blades
blade
peripheral surface
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JPWO2017199724A1 (en
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健太 水野
健太 水野
正典 吉原
正典 吉原
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Yamaha Motor Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C27/00—Rotorcraft; Rotors peculiar thereto
    • B64C27/20—Rotorcraft characterised by having shrouded rotors, e.g. flying platforms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H1/00—Propulsive elements directly acting on water
    • B63H1/02—Propulsive elements directly acting on water of rotary type
    • B63H1/12—Propulsive elements directly acting on water of rotary type with rotation axis substantially in propulsive direction
    • B63H1/14—Propellers
    • B63H1/16—Propellers having a shrouding ring attached to blades
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C27/00—Rotorcraft; Rotors peculiar thereto
    • B64C27/32—Rotors
    • B64C27/46—Blades
    • B64C27/473—Constructional features
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
    • Y02T50/60—Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T70/00—Maritime or waterways transport
    • Y02T70/50—Measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions related to the propulsion system

Description

この発明はプロペラに関し、より特定的には、ガードを有するプロペラおよびそれによって推進される輸送機器に関する。   The present invention relates to a propeller, and more particularly to a propeller having a guard and a transport device propelled thereby.

この種の従来技術の一例として、特許文献１には、安全リングが取り付けられたプロペラおよびそれを備えたヘリコプタが開示されている。このプロペラは、プロペラの中心から外方に延びる４つのブレードと、４つの枢動部を有する安全リングとを含む。４つのブレードはそれぞれ、プロペラの中心から遠位にある遠位端部を有する。安全リングは、４つの枢動部のそれぞれが４つのブレードのそれぞれの遠位端部を受けるようにブレードに取り付けられる。このように、安全リングが取り付けられることによって、ブレードの遠位端部で手や目をひっかくことを防止できる。   As an example of this type of prior art, Patent Document 1 discloses a propeller to which a safety ring is attached and a helicopter including the propeller. The propeller includes four blades extending outward from the center of the propeller and a safety ring having four pivots. Each of the four blades has a distal end distal to the center of the propeller. The safety ring is attached to the blade such that each of the four pivots receives the distal end of each of the four blades. Thus, by attaching the safety ring, it is possible to prevent the hand and eyes from being scratched at the distal end portion of the blade.

特表２００５−５０８２３６号公報JP 2005-508236 A

しかし、特許文献１に示すプロペラでは、プロペラが回転したときに、プロペラの回転にともなって生じる遠心力によって、安全リングが外方へ引っ張られる。したがって、安全リングのうち、ブレードの遠位端部に取り付けられていない箇所は、外方へ膨らむように変形してしまう。これによって、プロペラの回転速度を上げると、空気抵抗の増大や振動等が生じ、プロペラを本来のように回転させることが困難になる。
それゆえにこの発明の主たる目的は、プロペラの回転時にガードの変形を抑制できる、プロペラおよびそれによって推進される輸送機器を提供することである。However, in the propeller shown in Patent Document 1, when the propeller rotates, the safety ring is pulled outward by the centrifugal force generated with the rotation of the propeller. Therefore, a portion of the safety ring that is not attached to the distal end portion of the blade is deformed so as to bulge outward. As a result, when the rotation speed of the propeller is increased, air resistance increases, vibrations, and the like occur, making it difficult to rotate the propeller as it is.
Therefore, a main object of the present invention is to provide a propeller and a transport device propelled thereby that can suppress deformation of the guard when the propeller rotates.

この発明の或る見地によれば、ハブと、ハブから放射状に延びる複数のブレードと、複数のブレードのそれぞれの外端部に接続されるガードとを備え、ガードは、ブレードと同一の材料からなる第１部材と、ブレードとは異なる材料からなる第２部材とを含み、第１部材は、複数のブレードのそれぞれと一体に形成され、複数のブレードのそれぞれの外端部から隣りのブレードの外端部へ向かって外側に凸の円弧状に延び、第２部材は、第１部材の内周面に形成されかつ第１部材よりも曲げ弾性率が高い、プロペラが提供される。   According to one aspect of the present invention, a hub includes a hub, a plurality of blades extending radially from the hub, and a guard connected to each outer end of the plurality of blades, and the guard is made of the same material as the blade. And a second member made of a material different from that of the blade, the first member being formed integrally with each of the plurality of blades, and from the outer end of each of the plurality of blades to the adjacent blade. A propeller is provided that extends in an outwardly convex arcuate shape toward the outer end, and the second member is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the first member and has a higher bending elastic modulus than the first member.

この発明では、第１部材は、複数のブレードのそれぞれ（すべてのブレード）と一体に形成されるので、第１部材はいずれのブレードからも分離しない。したがって、プロペラが回転したときにガードに遠心力が加わっても、第１部材のうち各ブレードとの接続箇所が外方に変位することが抑制される。また、ガードが、第１部材よりも曲げ弾性率が高い第２部材を含むことによって、ガードが第１部材のみからなる場合よりもガードの剛性を大きくできる。しかも、第２部材は第１部材の内周面に形成される。したがって、プロペラが回転したとき、発生する遠心力によって、第２部材は外方にすなわち第１部材に押し付けられるように力を受けるので、第２部材が第１部材から分離してしまうことを防止でき、ガードの高剛性を確実に維持できる。その結果、プロペラが回転したときに、ガードが遠心力によって外方に膨らむように変形することを確実に抑制できる。このように、第１部材が複数のブレードのそれぞれと一体に形成されるとともに、第１部材の内周面に曲げ弾性率が高い第２部材が形成されることによって、プロペラが回転したときに、確実にガードの変形を抑制でき、プロペラが受ける空気抵抗の増大およびプロペラの振動を抑制することができる。   In the present invention, since the first member is formed integrally with each of the plurality of blades (all blades), the first member is not separated from any blade. Therefore, even if a centrifugal force is applied to the guard when the propeller rotates, it is possible to suppress the displacement of the connection portion of the first member with each blade outward. In addition, since the guard includes the second member having a higher flexural modulus than that of the first member, the rigidity of the guard can be increased as compared with the case where the guard includes only the first member. Moreover, the second member is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the first member. Therefore, when the propeller rotates, the second member receives a force so as to be pressed outward, that is, against the first member, by the generated centrifugal force, thereby preventing the second member from being separated from the first member. It is possible to reliably maintain the high rigidity of the guard. As a result, when the propeller rotates, the guard can be reliably prevented from being deformed so as to bulge outward by centrifugal force. As described above, when the first member is integrally formed with each of the plurality of blades and the second member having a high bending elastic modulus is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the first member, the propeller is rotated. Thus, the deformation of the guard can be reliably suppressed, the increase in air resistance received by the propeller and the vibration of the propeller can be suppressed.

ここで、「曲げ弾性率」とは、曲げ変形のしにくさを表す物性値をいう。   Here, the “bending elastic modulus” refers to a physical property value representing the difficulty of bending deformation.

好ましくは、第１部材はリング状に形成される。この場合、複数のブレードのそれぞれと一体に形成された第１部材によって、すべてのブレードの外端部同士をつないでいるので、ブレードの外端部が揺動してピッチ角（ブレードの回転軸に垂直な面に対するブレードの角度）が増減することを抑制できる。これによって、プロペラの回転によって得られる推進力または送風量の制御が複雑になることを防止できる。   Preferably, the first member is formed in a ring shape. In this case, since the outer ends of all the blades are connected to each other by the first member formed integrally with each of the plurality of blades, the outer ends of the blades oscillate to form a pitch angle (blade rotation axis). It is possible to suppress an increase or decrease in the angle of the blade with respect to a plane perpendicular to the angle. As a result, it is possible to prevent the control of the propulsive force or the air flow obtained by the rotation of the propeller from becoming complicated.

また好ましくは、第２部材はリング状に形成される。この場合、ブレードに対してガードの剛性をさらに高めることができる。これによって、プロペラが回転したときに、ガードが遠心力によって変形してしまうことをさらに抑制できる。   Preferably, the second member is formed in a ring shape. In this case, the rigidity of the guard can be further increased with respect to the blade. Thereby, when a propeller rotates, it can further suppress that a guard deform | transforms with a centrifugal force.

さらに好ましくは、第１部材は、複数のブレードのそれぞれと一体に形成される複数の第１部材片を含み、複数の第１部材片は不連続に形成される。この場合、第１部材がリング状に形成される場合よりも、第１部材の総全長を小さくできる。したがって、プロペラを軽くでき、回転慣性モーメントを小さくできる。これによって、プロペラが回転したときに発生する遠心力が小さくなり、ガードの変形を抑制することができる。また、第１部材の使用量を減らすことができ、コストを削減することができる。   More preferably, the first member includes a plurality of first member pieces formed integrally with each of the plurality of blades, and the plurality of first member pieces are formed discontinuously. In this case, the total length of the first member can be made smaller than when the first member is formed in a ring shape. Therefore, the propeller can be lightened and the rotational moment of inertia can be reduced. As a result, the centrifugal force generated when the propeller rotates can be reduced, and the deformation of the guard can be suppressed. Moreover, the usage-amount of a 1st member can be reduced and cost can be reduced.

好ましくは、第２部材は、第１部材の内周面において周方向に不連続に形成される複数の第２部材片を含む。この場合、第２部材がリング状に形成される場合よりも、第２部材の総全長を小さくできる。したがって、プロペラを軽くでき、回転慣性モーメントを小さくできる。これによって、プロペラが回転したときに発生する遠心力が小さくなり、ガードの変形を抑制することができる。また、第２部材の使用量を減らすことができ、コストを削減することができる。   Preferably, the second member includes a plurality of second member pieces formed discontinuously in the circumferential direction on the inner peripheral surface of the first member. In this case, the total length of the second member can be made smaller than when the second member is formed in a ring shape. Therefore, the propeller can be lightened and the rotational moment of inertia can be reduced. As a result, the centrifugal force generated when the propeller rotates can be reduced, and the deformation of the guard can be suppressed. Moreover, the usage-amount of a 2nd member can be reduced and cost can be reduced.

また好ましくは、第１部材は第２部材の内周面にも形成される。この場合、第１部材によって第２部材の内周面と外周面とを挟んでいるので、ガードの外方から力を受けた場合でも、第２部材が第１部材から分離してしまうことを防止できる。これによって、プロペラが回転したときに、さらに確実にガードの変形を抑制することができる。   Preferably, the first member is also formed on the inner peripheral surface of the second member. In this case, since the inner peripheral surface and the outer peripheral surface of the second member are sandwiched by the first member, the second member is separated from the first member even when a force is applied from the outside of the guard. Can be prevented. Thereby, when the propeller rotates, the deformation of the guard can be suppressed more reliably.

さらに好ましくは、第２部材は第１部材の内部に形成される。この場合、第２部材が外部に露出しないので、ガードがどの方向に力を受けた場合でも、第２部材が第１部材から分離してしまうことを防止できる。これによって、プロペラが回転したときに、さらに確実にガードの変形を抑制することができる。   More preferably, the second member is formed inside the first member. In this case, since the second member is not exposed to the outside, it is possible to prevent the second member from being separated from the first member no matter which direction the guard receives a force. Thereby, when the propeller rotates, the deformation of the guard can be suppressed more reliably.

好ましくは、第２部材の外側にある第１部材の外周面の摩擦係数は、第２部材における第１部材との接触面の摩擦係数より小さい。プロペラの回転中に第２部材の外側にある第１部材の外周面（ガードの外周面）に物体が接触したときに、プロペラの回転数低下を抑制するためには、当該第１部材の外周面の摩擦係数は小さい方が好ましい。また、第２部材が第１部材から分離してしまうことを抑制するためには、第２部材における第１部材との接触面の摩擦係数は大きい方が好ましい。したがって、第２部材の外側にある第１部材の外周面の摩擦係数を、第２部材における第１部材との接触面の摩擦係数よりも小さくすることで、第２部材の外側にある第１部材の外周面（ガードの外周面）に物体が接触してもプロペラを元の回転数に素早く戻すことができる。   Preferably, the friction coefficient of the outer peripheral surface of the first member outside the second member is smaller than the friction coefficient of the contact surface of the second member with the first member. In order to suppress a decrease in the rotation speed of the propeller when an object comes into contact with the outer peripheral surface (the outer peripheral surface of the guard) of the first member outside the second member during the rotation of the propeller, the outer periphery of the first member is suppressed. A smaller surface friction coefficient is preferred. Moreover, in order to suppress that a 2nd member isolate | separates from a 1st member, the one where the friction coefficient of the contact surface with a 1st member in a 2nd member is large is preferable. Therefore, the first coefficient outside the second member can be obtained by making the friction coefficient of the outer peripheral surface of the first member outside the second member smaller than the friction coefficient of the contact surface of the second member with the first member. Even if an object contacts the outer peripheral surface of the member (the outer peripheral surface of the guard), the propeller can be quickly returned to the original rotational speed.

プロペラによって推進されるヘリコプタやボートなどの輸送機器は、プロペラを回転させることで推進力を得ているが、プロペラにガードを取り付けてプロペラを高速回転させると、ガードが変形しやすくなる。したがって、この発明に係るプロペラは、プロペラによって推進されるヘリコプタやボートなどの輸送機器に好適に用いることができる。   A transport device such as a helicopter or a boat propelled by a propeller obtains a propulsive force by rotating the propeller, but if the guard is attached to the propeller and the propeller is rotated at a high speed, the guard is easily deformed. Therefore, the propeller according to the present invention can be suitably used for transportation equipment such as a helicopter and a boat propelled by the propeller.

この発明によれば、プロペラの回転時にガードの変形を抑制できる。   According to this invention, the deformation of the guard can be suppressed when the propeller is rotated.

この発明の一実施形態に係るプロペラを備えたヘリコプタを示す側面図である。It is a side view which shows the helicopter provided with the propeller which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. この発明の一実施形態に係るプロペラを示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows the propeller which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. この発明の一実施形態に係るプロペラを示す平面図である。It is a top view which shows the propeller which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. 図３のＡ−Ａ線端面図である。It is an AA line end view of FIG. 図３のＢ−Ｂ線断面図である。FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line BB in FIG. 3. この発明の他の実施形態に係るプロペラを示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows the propeller which concerns on other embodiment of this invention. この発明のその他の実施形態に係るプロペラを示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows the propeller which concerns on other embodiment of this invention. この発明のさらにその他の実施形態に係るプロペラを示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows the propeller which concerns on other embodiment of this invention. ガードの他の例を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the other example of a guard. ガードのその他の例を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the other example of a guard. ガードのさらにその他の例を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the further another example of a guard. ガードの他の例を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the other example of a guard. ガードのその他の例を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the other example of a guard. この発明の一実施形態に係るプロペラを備えたボートを示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view showing a boat provided with a propeller concerning one embodiment of this invention.

以下、図面を参照してこの発明の実施形態について説明する。   Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

図１に、この発明の一実施形態であるプロペラ１６を、輸送機器の一例である無人ヘリコプタ（以下、ヘリコプタという）１０のメインロータとして用いた場合を示す。   FIG. 1 shows a case where a propeller 16 which is an embodiment of the present invention is used as a main rotor of an unmanned helicopter (hereinafter referred to as a helicopter) 10 which is an example of a transportation device.

図１を参照して、ヘリコプタ１０は、メインボディ１２、マスト１４、プロペラ１６、テールボディ１８およびテールロータ２０を含む。   Referring to FIG. 1, helicopter 10 includes a main body 12, a mast 14, a propeller 16, a tail body 18, and a tail rotor 20.

メインボディ１２は、フレーム２２、ボディカバー２４、脚部２６，２８、一対のスキッド３０（図１では左側のスキッド３０のみ図示）、およびアンダーカバー３２を含む。   The main body 12 includes a frame 22, a body cover 24, leg portions 26 and 28, a pair of skids 30 (only the left skid 30 is shown in FIG. 1), and an under cover 32.

テールボディ１８およびボディカバー２４は、フレーム２２に支持される。   The tail body 18 and the body cover 24 are supported by the frame 22.

脚部２６および２８はそれぞれ、正面視逆Ｕ字状に形成され、フレーム２２に支持される。   The leg portions 26 and 28 are each formed in an inverted U shape when viewed from the front, and are supported by the frame 22.

一対のスキッド３０は、左右に並ぶように脚部２６および２８に取り付けられる。具体的には、一方側（左側）のスキッド３０は、脚部２６，２８の一方側（左側）の部分に取り付けられ、他方側（右側）のスキッド３０（図示せず）は、脚部２６，２８の他方側（右側）の部分に取り付けられる。   The pair of skids 30 are attached to the legs 26 and 28 so as to be lined up on the left and right. Specifically, the skid 30 on one side (left side) is attached to the one side (left side) portion of the legs 26 and 28, and the skid 30 (not shown) on the other side (right side) is attached to the leg portion 26. , 28 on the other side (right side).

アンダーカバー３２は、テールボディ１８およびメインフレーム２２に取り付けられる。   The under cover 32 is attached to the tail body 18 and the main frame 22.

マスト１４は、ボディカバー２４から上方に突出するようにかつ回転可能に設けられる。マスト１４の上端部に、プロペラ１６が固定される。これにより、マスト１４とプロペラ１６とが一体的に回転する。テールボディ１８は略円筒形状を有し、メインボディ１２よりも後方に延びる。テールボディ１８の前端部は、ボディカバー２４内においてフレーム２２の後端部に支持される。テールロータ２０は、テールボディ１８の後端部に回転可能に設けられる。   The mast 14 is rotatably provided so as to protrude upward from the body cover 24. A propeller 16 is fixed to the upper end of the mast 14. Thereby, the mast 14 and the propeller 16 rotate integrally. The tail body 18 has a substantially cylindrical shape and extends rearward from the main body 12. The front end portion of the tail body 18 is supported by the rear end portion of the frame 22 in the body cover 24. The tail rotor 20 is rotatably provided at the rear end portion of the tail body 18.

ヘリコプタ１０はさらに、駆動源３４、トランスミッション３６、ドライブシャフト３８および制御装置４０を含む。駆動源３４およびトランスミッション３６は、ボディカバー２４に収容される。   The helicopter 10 further includes a drive source 34, a transmission 36, a drive shaft 38 and a control device 40. The drive source 34 and the transmission 36 are accommodated in the body cover 24.

駆動源３４は、プロペラ１６の下方においてフレーム２２の前端部に支持される。駆動源３４としては、たとえばエンジンやモータが用いられる。   The drive source 34 is supported by the front end portion of the frame 22 below the propeller 16. For example, an engine or a motor is used as the drive source 34.

トランスミッション３６は、駆動源３４の後方においてフレーム２２に支持される。トランスミッション３６は、駆動源３４に連結される。トランスミッション３６にマスト１４の下端部が連結される。プロペラ１６は、駆動源３４からトランスミッション３６およびマスト１４を介して伝達される駆動力に基づいて回転する。プロペラ１６を回転させることによって、ヘリコプタ１０を推進させることができる。   The transmission 36 is supported by the frame 22 behind the drive source 34. The transmission 36 is connected to the drive source 34. A lower end portion of the mast 14 is connected to the transmission 36. The propeller 16 rotates based on the driving force transmitted from the driving source 34 via the transmission 36 and the mast 14. The helicopter 10 can be propelled by rotating the propeller 16.

トランスミッション３６から後方に延びるようにドライブシャフト３８が設けられる。ドライブシャフト３８は、メインボディ１２内およびテールボディ１８内を前後方向に延びる。テールロータ２０は、ドライブシャフト３８の後端部に連結される。テールロータ２０は、駆動源３４からトランスミッション３６およびドライブシャフト３８を介して伝達される駆動力に基づいて回転する。   A drive shaft 38 is provided to extend rearward from the transmission 36. The drive shaft 38 extends in the main body 12 and the tail body 18 in the front-rear direction. The tail rotor 20 is connected to the rear end portion of the drive shaft 38. The tail rotor 20 rotates based on the driving force transmitted from the driving source 34 via the transmission 36 and the drive shaft 38.

制御装置４０は、フレーム２２に設けられ、ヘリコプタ１０に搭載される種々の装置を制御する。   The control device 40 is provided on the frame 22 and controls various devices mounted on the helicopter 10.

以下、プロペラ１６について詳細に説明する。   Hereinafter, the propeller 16 will be described in detail.

図２および図３を参照して、プロペラ１６は、円盤状のハブ４２と、複数（この実施形態では、５つ）のブレード４４と、ガード４６とを含む。   2 and 3, the propeller 16 includes a disc-shaped hub 42, a plurality (in this embodiment, five) blades 44, and a guard 46.

ハブ４２は、回転軸であるマスト１４に連結される。   The hub 42 is connected to the mast 14 that is a rotating shaft.

複数のブレード４４は、ハブ４２の周方向に等間隔に配置され、各ブレード４４は、略短冊状に形成され、ハブ４２の外側面からハブ４２の径方向（放射状）に延び、ガード４６に接続される。各ブレード４４は、正のピッチ角を有するように形成され、矢印Ｘで示す時計廻り方向に回転する。   The plurality of blades 44 are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction of the hub 42, and each blade 44 is formed in a substantially strip shape, extends from the outer surface of the hub 42 in the radial direction (radial) of the hub 42, and Connected. Each blade 44 is formed to have a positive pitch angle and rotates in a clockwise direction indicated by an arrow X.

図４をも参照して、各ブレード４４は、正圧面４８と負圧面５０とを含む。ブレード４４が回転する際に、正圧面４８は正圧を受け、負圧面５０は負圧を受ける。正圧面４８は、ブレード４４の一方主面（図２，図３では、下面）であり、負圧面５０は、ブレード４４の他方主面（図２，図３では、上面）である。負圧面５０は、回転方向前側の前縁部５２から回転方向後側の後縁部５４に向かって、凸状に湾曲される。また、負圧面５０は、前縁部５２と後縁部５４との間における中央よりも前縁部５２寄りに凸状の頂点が位置するように湾曲する。   Referring also to FIG. 4, each blade 44 includes a pressure surface 48 and a suction surface 50. As the blade 44 rotates, the positive pressure surface 48 receives positive pressure and the negative pressure surface 50 receives negative pressure. The positive pressure surface 48 is one main surface (the lower surface in FIGS. 2 and 3) of the blade 44, and the negative pressure surface 50 is the other main surface (the upper surface in FIGS. 2 and 3). The negative pressure surface 50 is curved in a convex shape from the front edge portion 52 on the front side in the rotation direction toward the rear edge portion 54 on the rear side in the rotation direction. Further, the suction surface 50 is curved so that a convex vertex is located closer to the front edge 52 than the center between the front edge 52 and the rear edge 54.

このような各ブレード４４において、ハブ４２の外側面に接続される内端部５６およびガード４６側の外端部５８は、ともに正のピッチ角を有し（後縁部５４から前縁部５２に向けて斜め上方に延び）、かつ内端部５６側のピッチ角は外端部５８側のピッチ角より大きい。すなわち、ハブ４２の軸方向に垂直な面に対する傾きが、ブレード４４の内端部５６より外端部５８の方が小さくなるように、各ブレード４４は捩じれた形状を有する。   In each of the blades 44, the inner end 56 connected to the outer surface of the hub 42 and the outer end 58 on the guard 46 side both have a positive pitch angle (from the rear edge 54 to the front edge 52. The pitch angle on the inner end 56 side is larger than the pitch angle on the outer end 58 side. That is, each blade 44 has a twisted shape such that the inclination of the hub 42 with respect to the plane perpendicular to the axial direction is smaller at the outer end 58 than at the inner end 56 of the blade 44.

図２、図３および図５を参照して、ガード４６は、ブレード４４と同一の材料からなる第１部材６０と、ブレード４４とは異なる材料からなる第２部材６２とを含み、複数のブレード４４のそれぞれの外端部５８に接続される。なお、ハブ４２、第１部材６０および第２部材６２は、同心円状に形成される。第２部材６２の外周面は、第１部材６０の内周面と接している。第２部材６２は、第１部材６０よりも曲げ弾性率が高く、したがって第１部材６０よりも曲げ変形しにくい。また、第１部材６０の外周面（すなわち、ガード４６の外周面）の摩擦係数は、第２部材６２における第１部材６０との接触面の摩擦係数よりも小さい。たとえば、ブレード４４および第１部材６０として樹脂を、第２部材６２としてＣＦＲＰ（炭素繊維強化プラスチック）を、それぞれ用いることができる。   Referring to FIGS. 2, 3 and 5, guard 46 includes a first member 60 made of the same material as blade 44 and a second member 62 made of a material different from blade 44, and includes a plurality of blades. 44 is connected to the outer end 58 of each. The hub 42, the first member 60, and the second member 62 are formed concentrically. The outer peripheral surface of the second member 62 is in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the first member 60. The second member 62 has a higher flexural modulus than the first member 60, and therefore is less likely to bend and deform than the first member 60. Further, the friction coefficient of the outer peripheral surface of the first member 60 (that is, the outer peripheral surface of the guard 46) is smaller than the friction coefficient of the contact surface of the second member 62 with the first member 60. For example, the blade 44 and the first member 60 can be made of resin, and the second member 62 can be made of CFRP (carbon fiber reinforced plastic).

第１部材６０は、複数のブレード４４のそれぞれの外端部５８から隣りのブレード４４の外端部５８へ向かって外側に凸の円弧状（ハブ４２の周方向）に延び、この実施形態では、リング状かつ縦断面短冊状に形成される。複数のブレード４４のそれぞれの外端部５８は、第１部材６０の内周面に設けられ、第１部材６０は、複数のブレード４４のそれぞれ（すべてのブレード４４）と一体に形成される。このとき、第１部材６０の軸方向において、各ブレード４４の外端部５８は、第１部材６０からはみ出ることなく設けられる。   The first member 60 extends outwardly from the outer end 58 of each of the plurality of blades 44 toward the outer end 58 of the adjacent blade 44 in an outwardly convex arc shape (circumferential direction of the hub 42). It is formed in a ring shape and a longitudinal section strip shape. The outer end portions 58 of the plurality of blades 44 are provided on the inner peripheral surface of the first member 60, and the first member 60 is formed integrally with each of the plurality of blades 44 (all blades 44). At this time, the outer end portion 58 of each blade 44 is provided without protruding from the first member 60 in the axial direction of the first member 60.

第２部材６２は、リング状かつ縦断面短冊状に形成され、第１部材６０の内周面に接するように形成される。第２部材６２の軸方向において、第２部材６２の高さＨ２は、第１部材６０の高さＨ１よりも小さく、第２部材６２の一端部と第１部材６０の一端部との間隔Ｃ１と、第２部材６２の他端部と第１部材６０の他端部との間隔Ｃ２とは、略等しくされる。したがって、第２部材６２の軸方向において、第２部材６２は、第１部材６０からはみ出ることなく形成される。また、第２部材６２は、第１部材６０の内周面のうち、各ブレード４４の外端部５８と接続されている箇所には形成されない。なお、第２部材６２の軸方向において、各ブレード４４の外端部５８は、第２部材６２からはみ出ることなく形成される。すなわち、各ブレード４４は、第２部材６２を貫通している。   The second member 62 is formed in a ring shape and a longitudinal section strip shape, and is formed so as to be in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the first member 60. In the axial direction of the second member 62, the height H <b> 2 of the second member 62 is smaller than the height H <b> 1 of the first member 60, and the distance C <b> 1 between one end of the second member 62 and one end of the first member 60. The distance C2 between the other end of the second member 62 and the other end of the first member 60 is substantially equal. Therefore, the second member 62 is formed without protruding from the first member 60 in the axial direction of the second member 62. Further, the second member 62 is not formed at a location connected to the outer end 58 of each blade 44 on the inner peripheral surface of the first member 60. The outer end 58 of each blade 44 is formed so as not to protrude from the second member 62 in the axial direction of the second member 62. That is, each blade 44 passes through the second member 62.

このようなプロペラ１６によって推進されるヘリコプタ１０によれば、第１部材６０は、複数のブレード４４のそれぞれ（すべてのブレード４４）と一体に形成されるので、第１部材６０はいずれのブレード４４からも分離しない。したがって、プロペラ１６が回転したときにガード４６に遠心力が加わっても、第１部材６０のうち各ブレード４４との接続箇所が外方に変位することが抑制される。また、ガード４６が、第１部材６０よりも曲げ弾性率が高い第２部材６２を含むことによって、ガード４６が第１部材６０のみからなる場合よりもガード４６の剛性を大きくできる。しかも、第２部材６２は第１部材６０の内周面に接するように形成される。したがって、プロペラ１６が回転したとき、発生する遠心力によって、第２部材６２は外方にすなわち第１部材６０に押し付けられるように力を受けるので、第２部材６２が第１部材６０から分離してしまうことを防止でき、ガード４６の高剛性を確実に維持できる。その結果、プロペラ１６が回転したときに、ガード４６（第１部材６０）が遠心力によって外方に膨らむように変形することを確実に抑制できる。このように、第１部材６０が複数のブレード４４のそれぞれと一体に形成されるとともに、第１部材６０の内周面に曲げ弾性率が高い第２部材６２が形成されることによって、プロペラ１６が回転したときに、確実にガード４６の変形を抑制でき、プロペラ１６が受ける空気抵抗の増大およびプロペラ１６の振動を抑制することができる。   According to the helicopter 10 propelled by such a propeller 16, the first member 60 is formed integrally with each of the plurality of blades 44 (all blades 44). Not separated from. Therefore, even if a centrifugal force is applied to the guard 46 when the propeller 16 rotates, it is possible to suppress the displacement of the connection portion of the first member 60 with each blade 44 outward. Further, since the guard 46 includes the second member 62 having a higher bending elastic modulus than the first member 60, the rigidity of the guard 46 can be increased as compared with the case where the guard 46 includes only the first member 60. Moreover, the second member 62 is formed so as to contact the inner peripheral surface of the first member 60. Accordingly, when the propeller 16 rotates, the second member 62 receives a force so that the second member 62 is pressed outward, that is, against the first member 60 by the generated centrifugal force, so that the second member 62 is separated from the first member 60. And the high rigidity of the guard 46 can be reliably maintained. As a result, when the propeller 16 rotates, the guard 46 (the first member 60) can be reliably prevented from being deformed so as to expand outward due to the centrifugal force. As described above, the first member 60 is formed integrally with each of the plurality of blades 44, and the second member 62 having a high bending elastic modulus is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the first member 60. When the is rotated, the deformation of the guard 46 can be reliably suppressed, the increase of the air resistance received by the propeller 16 and the vibration of the propeller 16 can be suppressed.

複数のブレード４４のそれぞれと一体に形成された第１部材６０によって、すべてのブレード４４の外端部５８同士をつないでいるので、ブレード４４の外端部５８が揺動してピッチ角が増減することを抑制できる。これによって、プロペラ１６の回転によって得られる推進力の制御が複雑になることを防止できる。   Since the first member 60 formed integrally with each of the plurality of blades 44 connects the outer end portions 58 of all the blades 44, the outer end portions 58 of the blades 44 swing and the pitch angle increases or decreases. Can be suppressed. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the control of the propulsive force obtained by the rotation of the propeller 16 from becoming complicated.

第２部材６２はリング状に形成されるので、ブレード４４に対してガード４６の剛性をさらに高めることができる。これによって、プロペラ１６が回転したときに、ガード４６が遠心力によって変形してしまうことをさらに抑制できる。ガード４６では、第1部材６０および第２部材６２がともにリング状（全周）に形成されており、ガード４６の剛性を大きく高めることができるので、この効果が顕著となる。   Since the second member 62 is formed in a ring shape, the rigidity of the guard 46 can be further increased with respect to the blade 44. Thereby, when the propeller 16 rotates, it can further suppress that the guard 46 deform | transforms with a centrifugal force. In the guard 46, the first member 60 and the second member 62 are both formed in a ring shape (entire circumference), and the rigidity of the guard 46 can be greatly increased, so this effect becomes remarkable.

第２部材６２の外側にある第１部材６０の外周面（ガード４６の外周面）の摩擦係数を、第２部材６２における第１部材６０との接触面の摩擦係数よりも小さくすることで、第２部材６２の外側にある第１部材６０の外周面（ガード４６の外周面）に物体が接触しても、プロペラ１６の回転数低下を抑制できるので、プロペラ１６を元の回転数に素早く戻すことができる。   By making the friction coefficient of the outer peripheral surface of the first member 60 (the outer peripheral surface of the guard 46) outside the second member 62 smaller than the friction coefficient of the contact surface of the second member 62 with the first member 60, Even if an object comes into contact with the outer peripheral surface of the first member 60 (the outer peripheral surface of the guard 46) outside the second member 62, a decrease in the rotational speed of the propeller 16 can be suppressed, so the propeller 16 can be quickly brought back to the original rotational speed. Can be returned.

プロペラによって推進されるヘリコプタは、プロペラを回転させることで推進力を得ているが、プロペラにガードを取り付けてプロペラを高速回転させると、ガードが変形しやすくなる。したがって、この発明に係るプロペラ１６は、プロペラによって推進されるヘリコプタ１０に好適に用いることができる。   A helicopter propelled by a propeller obtains a propulsive force by rotating the propeller. However, if the guard is attached to the propeller and the propeller is rotated at a high speed, the guard is easily deformed. Therefore, the propeller 16 according to the present invention can be suitably used for the helicopter 10 driven by the propeller.

ついで、図６を参照して、この発明の他の実施形態のプロペラ１６ａについて説明する。   Next, a propeller 16a according to another embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

プロペラ１６ａは、ガード４６の代わりにガード４６ａを用いる点で、図２に示すプロペラ１６と異なり、ガード４６ａは、リング状に形成された第２部材６２の代わりに、分割構造を有する第２部材６２ａを用いる点で、ガード４６と異なる。   The propeller 16a is different from the propeller 16 shown in FIG. 2 in that a guard 46a is used instead of the guard 46. The guard 46a is a second member having a divided structure instead of the second member 62 formed in a ring shape. It differs from the guard 46 in that 62a is used.

ガード４６ａの第２部材６２ａは、ブレード４４とは異なる材料からなり、すべての隣り合うブレード４４間においてハブ４２の周方向に延びる複数（この実施形態では、５つ）の第２部材片６４ａを含む。各第２部材片６４ａは、薄い短冊状に形成され、各ブレード４４の外端部５８と第１部材６０との接続箇所近傍を除いて、円弧状に湾曲しかつ第１部材６０の内周面に接するように形成される。このように複数の第２部材片６４ａは、第１部材６０の内周面において周方向に不連続に形成される。すなわち、第２部材６２ａは、すべてのブレード４４の外端部５８と第１部材６０との接続箇所近傍の複数（この実施形態では、５つ）の箇所Ｇで分断されている。言い換えれば、第２部材６２ａは、リング状に形成された第２部材６２を、各ブレード４４の外端部５８と第１部材６０との接続箇所近傍で分断したものに相当する。プロペラ１６ａの他の構成については、プロペラ１６と同様であるので、その重複する説明は省略する。   The second member 62a of the guard 46a is made of a material different from that of the blade 44, and includes a plurality of (in this embodiment, five) second member pieces 64a extending in the circumferential direction of the hub 42 between all adjacent blades 44. Including. Each of the second member pieces 64 a is formed in a thin strip shape, is curved in an arc shape except for the vicinity of the connection portion between the outer end portion 58 of each blade 44 and the first member 60, and the inner periphery of the first member 60. It is formed in contact with the surface. As described above, the plurality of second member pieces 64 a are formed discontinuously in the circumferential direction on the inner peripheral surface of the first member 60. That is, the second member 62 a is divided at a plurality of (in this embodiment, five) locations G in the vicinity of the connection locations between the outer end portions 58 of all the blades 44 and the first members 60. In other words, the second member 62 a corresponds to the second member 62 formed in a ring shape divided in the vicinity of the connection portion between the outer end portion 58 of each blade 44 and the first member 60. Since the other configuration of the propeller 16a is the same as that of the propeller 16, its overlapping description is omitted.

このようなプロペラ１６ａによれば、第２部材６２ａは、第２部材６２よりも総全長を小さくできる。したがって、プロペラ１６ａをプロペラ１６よりも軽くでき、回転慣性モーメントを小さくできる。これによって、プロペラ１６ａが回転したときに発生する遠心力が小さくなり、ガード４６ａの変形を抑制することができる。また、第２部材６２ａの使用量を減らすことができ、コストを削減することができる。   According to such a propeller 16 a, the second member 62 a can have a total length smaller than that of the second member 62. Therefore, the propeller 16a can be lighter than the propeller 16, and the rotational moment of inertia can be reduced. Thereby, the centrifugal force generated when the propeller 16a rotates is reduced, and deformation of the guard 46a can be suppressed. Moreover, the usage-amount of the 2nd member 62a can be reduced, and cost can be reduced.

プロペラ１６ａが回転したときのガード４６ａの変形を抑制するために必要な最小限の箇所にのみ第２部材６２ａを装着することによって、プロペラ１６ａをより軽くでき、コストをさらに削減できる。   By attaching the second member 62a only to the minimum part necessary for suppressing deformation of the guard 46a when the propeller 16a rotates, the propeller 16a can be made lighter and the cost can be further reduced.

第２部材６２ａは、第１部材６０と一体的に形成されてもよく、また、第１部材６０の成形後に第１部材６０に接着等によって取り付けられてもよい。   The second member 62a may be formed integrally with the first member 60, or may be attached to the first member 60 by adhesion or the like after the first member 60 is molded.

つぎに、図７を参照して、この発明のその他の実施形態のプロペラ１６ｂについて説明する。   Next, a propeller 16b according to another embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

プロペラ１６ｂは、リング状に形成されたガード４６の代わりに、分割構造のガード４６ｂを用いる点で、図２に示すプロペラ１６と異なる。   The propeller 16b is different from the propeller 16 shown in FIG. 2 in that a guard 46b having a divided structure is used instead of the guard 46 formed in a ring shape.

ガード４６ｂは、ブレード４４と同一の材料からなる分割構造の第１部材６０ｂと、ブレード４４とは異なる材料からなる分割構造の第２部材６２ｂとを含み、複数のブレード４４のそれぞれの外端部５８に接続される。   The guard 46b includes a first member 60b having a divided structure made of the same material as the blade 44 and a second member 62b having a divided structure made of a material different from the blade 44, and each outer end portion of the plurality of blades 44. 58.

第１部材６０ｂは、複数のブレード４４のそれぞれの外端部５８から隣のブレード４４の外端部５８へ向かって外側に凸の円弧状（ハブ４２の周方向）に延びる複数（この実施形態では、５つ）の第１部材片６６ｂを含む。各第１部材片６６ｂは、薄い短冊状に形成され、円弧状に湾曲し、対応するブレード４４に一体に形成される。この実施形態では、各第１部材片６６ｂと対応するブレード４４とは、第１部材片６６ｂの一端側にブレード４４の外端部５８を位置させて、略Ｌ字状を呈するように一体に形成される。このような第１部材片６６ｂと隣の第１部材片６６ｂとの間には隙間があり、隣り合う第１部材片６６ｂ同士は接続されず、複数の第１部材片６６ｂは不連続に形成される。すなわち、第１部材６０ｂは、すべてのブレード４４の外端部５８と第１部材６０ｂとの接続箇所近傍の複数（この実施形態では、５つ）の箇所Ｇ１で分断されている。言い換えれば、第１部材６０ｂは、リング状に形成された第１部材６０を、各ブレード４４の外端部５８と第１部材６０との接続箇所近傍で分断したものに相当する。   A plurality of first members 60b extend outwardly from respective outer end portions 58 of the plurality of blades 44 toward the outer end portion 58 of the adjacent blade 44 (circular direction of the hub 42) (this embodiment). Then, five) first member pieces 66b are included. Each first member piece 66 b is formed in a thin strip shape, is curved in an arc shape, and is integrally formed with the corresponding blade 44. In this embodiment, the blades 44 corresponding to the first member pieces 66b are integrally formed so that the outer end portion 58 of the blade 44 is positioned on one end side of the first member piece 66b and substantially L-shaped. It is formed. There is a gap between the first member piece 66b and the adjacent first member piece 66b, the adjacent first member pieces 66b are not connected to each other, and the plurality of first member pieces 66b are formed discontinuously. Is done. That is, the first member 60b is divided at a plurality of (in this embodiment, five) locations G1 in the vicinity of the connection location between the outer end portions 58 of all the blades 44 and the first members 60b. In other words, the first member 60 b corresponds to the first member 60 formed in a ring shape divided in the vicinity of the connection portion between the outer end portion 58 of each blade 44 and the first member 60.

第２部材６２ｂは、すべての隣り合うブレード４４間においてハブ４２の周方向に延びる複数（この実施形態では、５つ）の第２部材片６４ｂを含む。各第２部材片６４ｂは、薄い短冊状に形成され、対応する第１部材片６６ｂとブレード４４の外端部５８との接続箇所近傍を除いて、円弧状に湾曲しかつ対応する第１部材片６６ｂの内周面に接するように形成される。このように複数の第２部材片６４ｂは、第１部材６０ｂの内周面において周方向に不連続に形成される。すなわち、第２部材６２ｂは、すべてのブレード４４の外端部５８と第１部材６０ｂとの接続箇所近傍の複数（この実施形態では、５つ）の箇所Ｇ２で分断されている。言い換えれば、第２部材６２ｂは、リング状に形成された第２部材６２を、各ブレード４４の外端部５８と第１部材６０との接続箇所近傍で分断したものに相当する。   The second member 62b includes a plurality (five in this embodiment) of second member pieces 64b extending in the circumferential direction of the hub 42 between all adjacent blades 44. Each of the second member pieces 64b is formed in a thin strip shape, and is curved in an arc shape except for the vicinity of the connection portion between the corresponding first member piece 66b and the outer end portion 58 of the blade 44, and the corresponding first member. It is formed in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the piece 66b. As described above, the plurality of second member pieces 64b are discontinuously formed in the circumferential direction on the inner peripheral surface of the first member 60b. That is, the second member 62b is divided at a plurality of (in this embodiment, five) locations G2 in the vicinity of the connection location between the outer end portions 58 of all the blades 44 and the first member 60b. In other words, the second member 62 b corresponds to the ring-shaped second member 62 divided in the vicinity of the connection portion between the outer end portion 58 of each blade 44 and the first member 60.

プロペラ１６ｂの他の構成については、プロペラ１６と同様であるので、その重複する説明は省略する。   Since the other configuration of the propeller 16b is the same as that of the propeller 16, its overlapping description is omitted.

このようなプロペラ１６ｂによれば、第１部材６０ｂおよび第２部材６２ｂはそれぞれ、第１部材６０および第２部材６２よりも総全長を小さくできる。したがって、プロペラ１６ｂをプロペラ１６よりもさらに軽くでき、回転慣性モーメントを小さくできる。これによって、プロペラ１６ｂが回転したときに発生する遠心力がさらに小さくなり、ガード４６ｂの変形を抑制することができる。また、第１部材６０ｂおよび第２部材６２ｂの使用量を減らすことができ、コストをさらに削減することができる。   According to such a propeller 16b, the total length of the first member 60b and the second member 62b can be made smaller than that of the first member 60 and the second member 62, respectively. Accordingly, the propeller 16b can be made lighter than the propeller 16, and the rotational moment of inertia can be reduced. Thereby, the centrifugal force generated when the propeller 16b rotates is further reduced, and the deformation of the guard 46b can be suppressed. Moreover, the usage-amount of the 1st member 60b and the 2nd member 62b can be reduced, and cost can further be reduced.

ブレード４４と第１部材片６６ｂと第２部材片６４ｂとを含むユニットごとの成形が可能となる。当該ユニットを必要数（この実施形態では、５つ）用意し、ハブ４２の軸方向に対して開閉可能にハブ４２に取り付けることによって、折りたたみ構造とすることもできる。   Molding for each unit including the blade 44, the first member piece 66b, and the second member piece 64b is possible. A necessary number of units (five in this embodiment) are prepared and attached to the hub 42 so as to be openable and closable with respect to the axial direction of the hub 42 so that a folding structure can be obtained.

つぎに、図８を参照して、この発明のさらにその他の実施形態のプロペラ１６ｃについて説明する。   Next, a propeller 16c according to still another embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

プロペラ１６ｃは、リング状に形成されたガード４６の代わりに、分割構造のガード４６ｃを用いる点で、図２に示すプロペラ１６と異なる。   The propeller 16c is different from the propeller 16 shown in FIG. 2 in that a guard 46c having a divided structure is used instead of the guard 46 formed in a ring shape.

ガード４６ｃは、ブレード４４と同一の材料からなる分割構造の第１部材６０ｃと、ブレード４４とは異なる材料からなる分割構造の第２部材６２ｃとを含み、複数のブレード４４のぞれぞれの外端部５８に接続される。   The guard 46 c includes a first member 60 c having a divided structure made of the same material as the blade 44 and a second member 62 c having a divided structure made of a material different from the blade 44, and each of the plurality of blades 44. Connected to the outer end 58.

第１部材６０ｃは、複数のブレード４４のそれぞれの外端部５８から両隣のブレード４４の外端部５８へ向かって外側に凸の円弧状（ハブ４２の周方向）に延びる複数（この実施形態では、５つ）の第１部材片６６ｃを含む。各第１部材片６６ｃは、薄い短冊状に形成され、円弧状に湾曲し、対応するブレード４４に一体に形成される。この実施形態では、各第１部材片６６ｃと対応するブレード４４とは、第１部材片６６ｃの中央部にブレード４４の外端部５８を位置させて、略Ｔ字状を呈するように一体に形成される。このような第１部材片６６ｃと隣の第１部材片６６ｃとの間には隙間があり、隣り合う第１部材片６６ｃ同士は接続されず、複数の第１部材片６６ｃは不連続に形成される。すなわち、第１部材６０ｃは、すべての隣り合うブレード４４間の複数（この実施形態では、５つ）の箇所Ｇ３で分断されている。言い換えれば、第１部材６０ｃは、リング状に形成された第１部材６０を、すべての隣り合うブレード４４間で分断したものに相当する。   A plurality of first members 60c extend outwardly from the outer end portions 58 of the plurality of blades 44 toward the outer end portions 58 of the adjacent blades 44 (in the circumferential direction of the hub 42) (this embodiment). Then, five) first member pieces 66c are included. Each first member piece 66 c is formed in a thin strip shape, curved in an arc shape, and formed integrally with the corresponding blade 44. In this embodiment, each first member piece 66c and the corresponding blade 44 are integrally formed so that the outer end portion 58 of the blade 44 is positioned at the center of the first member piece 66c and has a substantially T-shape. It is formed. There is a gap between the first member piece 66c and the adjacent first member piece 66c, the adjacent first member pieces 66c are not connected to each other, and the plurality of first member pieces 66c are formed discontinuously. Is done. That is, the first member 60c is divided at a plurality of (in this embodiment, five) locations G3 between all adjacent blades 44. In other words, the first member 60 c is equivalent to the first member 60 formed in a ring shape divided between all adjacent blades 44.

第２部材６２ｃは、ハブ４２の周方向に延びる複数（この実施形態では、５つ）の第２部材片６４ｃを含む。各第２部材片６４ｃは、薄い短冊状に形成され、対応する第１部材片６６ｃとブレード４４の外端部５８との接続箇所を除いて、円弧状に湾曲しかつ対応する第１部材片６６ｃの内周面に接するように形成される。このようにして複数の第２部材片６４ｃは、第１部材６０ｃの内周面において周方向に不連続に形成される。すなわち、第２部材６２ｃは、すべての隣り合うブレード４４間の複数（この実施形態では、５つ）の箇所Ｇ３で分断されている。言い換えれば、第２部材６２ｃは、リング状に形成された第２部材６２を、すべての隣り合うブレード４４間で分断したものに相当する。   The second member 62c includes a plurality (five in this embodiment) of second member pieces 64c extending in the circumferential direction of the hub 42. Each of the second member pieces 64c is formed in a thin strip shape, and is curved in an arc shape and corresponding to the first member piece except for a connection portion between the corresponding first member piece 66c and the outer end portion 58 of the blade 44. It is formed so as to contact the inner peripheral surface of 66c. In this way, the plurality of second member pieces 64c are formed discontinuously in the circumferential direction on the inner peripheral surface of the first member 60c. That is, the second member 62c is divided at a plurality of (in this embodiment, five) locations G3 between all adjacent blades 44. In other words, the second member 62 c corresponds to a member in which the second member 62 formed in a ring shape is divided between all adjacent blades 44.

プロペラ１６ｃの他の構成については、プロペラ１６と同様であるので、その重複する説明は省略する。   Since the other configuration of the propeller 16c is the same as that of the propeller 16, its overlapping description is omitted.

このようなプロペラ１６ｃによれば、第１部材６０ｃおよび第２部材６２ｃはそれぞれ、第１部材６０および第２部材６２よりも総全長を小さくできる。したがって、プロペラ１６ｃをプロペラ１６よりもさらに軽くでき、回転慣性モーメントを小さくできる。これによって、プロペラ１６ｃが回転したときに発生する遠心力がさらに小さくなり、ガード４６ｃの変形を抑制することができる。また、第１部材６０ｃおよび第２部材６２ｃの使用量を減らすことができ、コストをさらに削減することができる。   According to such a propeller 16c, the total length of the first member 60c and the second member 62c can be made smaller than that of the first member 60 and the second member 62, respectively. Accordingly, the propeller 16c can be made lighter than the propeller 16, and the rotational moment of inertia can be reduced. Thereby, the centrifugal force generated when the propeller 16c rotates is further reduced, and deformation of the guard 46c can be suppressed. Moreover, the usage-amount of the 1st member 60c and the 2nd member 62c can be reduced, and cost can be reduced further.

ブレード４４と第１部材片６６ｃと第２部材片６４ｃとを含むユニットごとの成形が可能となる。当該ユニットを必要数（この実施形態では、５つ）用意し、ハブ４２の軸方向に対して開閉可能にハブ４２に取り付けることによって、折りたたみ構造とすることもできる。   Molding for each unit including the blade 44, the first member piece 66c, and the second member piece 64c becomes possible. A necessary number of units (five in this embodiment) are prepared and attached to the hub 42 so as to be openable and closable with respect to the axial direction of the hub 42 so that a folding structure can be obtained.

上述の実施形態では、ガードは、第１部材と第２部材とを有する２層構造であったが、これに限定されない。   In the above-described embodiment, the guard has a two-layer structure including the first member and the second member, but is not limited to this.

上述の各実施形態において、図９に示すような３層構造のガード４６ｄが用いられてもよい。図９は、隣り合うブレード４４間におけるガード４６ｄの断面を示している。ガード４６ｄでは、第１部材６０ｄ１の内周面に接するように第２部材６２ｄが形成され、さらに第２部材６２ｄの内周面にも接するように第１部材６０ｄ２が形成される。すなわち、第１部材６０ｄ１が第２部材６２ｄの外周面を覆うように形成され、第１部材６０ｄ２が第２部材６２ｄの内周面を覆うように形成される。図９では図示されていないが、第１部材６０ｄ１と第１部材６０ｄ２とは少なくとも一部で相互に接続される。たとえば、第１部材６０ｄ２とブレード４４との接続箇所近傍において、第１部材６０ｄ１と第１部材６０ｄ２とは、第２部材６２ｄを貫通するように相互に接続される。   In each of the above-described embodiments, a guard 46d having a three-layer structure as shown in FIG. 9 may be used. FIG. 9 shows a cross section of the guard 46 d between the adjacent blades 44. In the guard 46d, the second member 62d is formed so as to be in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the first member 60d1, and further, the first member 60d2 is formed so as to be in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the second member 62d. That is, the first member 60d1 is formed to cover the outer peripheral surface of the second member 62d, and the first member 60d2 is formed to cover the inner peripheral surface of the second member 62d. Although not shown in FIG. 9, the first member 60d1 and the first member 60d2 are at least partially connected to each other. For example, in the vicinity of the connection portion between the first member 60d2 and the blade 44, the first member 60d1 and the first member 60d2 are connected to each other so as to penetrate the second member 62d.

ガード４６ｄによれば、相互に接続された第１部材６０ｄ１，６０ｄ２によって、第２部材６２ｄの内周面と外周面とを挟んでいるので、ガード４６ｄの外方から力を受けても、第２部材６２ｄが第１部材６０ｄ１，６０ｄ２から分離してしまうことを防止できる。これによって、プロペラが回転したときに、さらに確実にガード４６ｄの変形を抑制することができる。なお、ガード４６ｄでは、良好な回転バランスを維持するため、第１部材６０ｄ１と第１部材６０ｄ２との接続箇所は周方向に対称に形成されることが好ましく、当該接続箇所は２箇所以上であることが好ましい。   According to the guard 46d, the first member 60d1 and 60d2 connected to each other sandwich the inner peripheral surface and the outer peripheral surface of the second member 62d. It is possible to prevent the two members 62d from being separated from the first members 60d1 and 60d2. Thereby, when the propeller rotates, the deformation of the guard 46d can be more reliably suppressed. In the guard 46d, in order to maintain a good rotational balance, it is preferable that the connection points between the first member 60d1 and the first member 60d2 are formed symmetrically in the circumferential direction, and there are two or more connection points. It is preferable.

また、上述の各実施形態において、図１０に示すような３層構造のガード４６ｅが用いられてもよい。図１０は、隣り合うブレード４４間におけるガード４６ｅの断面を示している。ガード４６ｅでは、第１部材６０ｅが、第２部材６２ｅの外周面、内周面および上端部に接するように形成される。すなわち、ガード４６ｅでは、第１部材６０ｅが、第２部材６２ｅの外周面、内周面および上端部を覆うように形成される。   In each of the above-described embodiments, a three-layer guard 46e as shown in FIG. 10 may be used. FIG. 10 shows a cross section of the guard 46 e between the adjacent blades 44. In the guard 46e, the first member 60e is formed in contact with the outer peripheral surface, the inner peripheral surface, and the upper end portion of the second member 62e. That is, in the guard 46e, the first member 60e is formed so as to cover the outer peripheral surface, the inner peripheral surface, and the upper end portion of the second member 62e.

ガード４６ｅによれば、ガード４６ｅが上下方向から力を受けても、第２部材６２ｅが第１部材６０ｅから分離してしまうことを防止できる。   According to the guard 46e, the second member 62e can be prevented from being separated from the first member 60e even when the guard 46e receives a force from above and below.

さらに、上述の各実施形態において、図１１に示すような３層構造のガード４６ｆが用いられてもよい。図１１は、隣り合うブレード４４間におけるガード４６ｆの断面を示している。ガード４６ｆでは、第２部材６２ｆの周囲が第１部材６０ｆに接するように形成される。すなわち、ガード４６ｆでは、第２部材６２ｆが第１部材６０ｆの内部に形成される。たとえば、第１部材６０ｆの一部を予め成形しておくことで、第２部材６２ｆを外部に露出することなく第１部材６０ｆの内部に形成できる。   Further, in each of the above-described embodiments, a guard 46f having a three-layer structure as shown in FIG. 11 may be used. FIG. 11 shows a cross section of the guard 46 f between the adjacent blades 44. The guard 46f is formed such that the periphery of the second member 62f is in contact with the first member 60f. That is, in the guard 46f, the second member 62f is formed inside the first member 60f. For example, by forming a part of the first member 60f in advance, the second member 62f can be formed inside the first member 60f without being exposed to the outside.

ガード４６ｆによれば、第２部材６２ｆは外部に露出しないので、ガード４６ｆがどの方向に力を受けても、第２部材６２ｆが第１部材６０ｆから分離してしまうことを防止できる。   According to the guard 46f, since the second member 62f is not exposed to the outside, it is possible to prevent the second member 62f from being separated from the first member 60f no matter which direction the guard 46f receives a force.

また、上述の各実施形態において、図１２に示すようなガード４６ｇが用いられてもよい。図１２は、隣り合うブレード４４間におけるガード４６ｇの断面を示している。ガード４６ｇでは、繊維状の第２部材６２ｇが、第１部材６０ｇの内部において周方向に延びるように形成される。   In each of the above embodiments, a guard 46g as shown in FIG. 12 may be used. FIG. 12 shows a cross section of the guard 46 g between the adjacent blades 44. In the guard 46g, the fibrous second member 62g is formed so as to extend in the circumferential direction inside the first member 60g.

ガード４６ｇによれば、第２部材６２ｇは外部に露出しないので、ガード４６ｇがどの方向に力を受けても、第２部材６２ｇが第１部材６０ｇから分離してしまうことを防止できる。この場合、第２部材６２ｇとして、炭素繊維を用いてもよい。   According to the guard 46g, since the second member 62g is not exposed to the outside, it is possible to prevent the second member 62g from being separated from the first member 60g no matter which direction the guard 46g receives a force. In this case, carbon fiber may be used as the second member 62g.

上述の各実施形態において、図１３に示すようなガード４６ｈが用いられてもよい。図１３は、隣り合うブレード４４間におけるガード４６ｈの断面を示している。ガード４６ｈでは、第１部材６０ｈは、その上端部および下端部に形成される突部６１ａ，６１ｂを有し、突部６１ａ，６１ｂは、第２部材６２ｈの上端面と下端面とを覆うように形成される。さらに、ガード４６ｈでは、第１部材６０ｈが、第２部材６２ｈの外周面、上端部および下端部に接するように形成される。   In each of the embodiments described above, a guard 46h as shown in FIG. 13 may be used. FIG. 13 shows a cross section of the guard 46 h between the adjacent blades 44. In the guard 46h, the first member 60h has protrusions 61a and 61b formed at the upper end and the lower end thereof, and the protrusions 61a and 61b cover the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the second member 62h. Formed. Further, in the guard 46h, the first member 60h is formed so as to contact the outer peripheral surface, the upper end portion, and the lower end portion of the second member 62h.

ガード４６ｈによれば、第１部材６０ｈの突部６１ａ，６１ｂによって、第２部材６２ｈの上端面と下端面とを挟んでいるので、ガード４６ｈの外方から力を受けても、第２部材６２ｈが第１部材６０ｈから分離してしまうことを防止できる。これによって、プロペラが回転したときに、さらに確実にガード４６ｈの変形を抑制することができる。   According to the guard 46h, since the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the second member 62h are sandwiched between the protrusions 61a and 61b of the first member 60h, the second member can be applied even if a force is applied from the outside of the guard 46h. It is possible to prevent 62h from being separated from the first member 60h. Thereby, when the propeller rotates, the deformation of the guard 46h can be suppressed more reliably.

さらに、上述の各実施形態において、ブレードおよびガードは、あらかじめ形成された第２部材を金型に装填しておいてブレードおよび第１部材を一体成形するインサート成形によって、形成されてもよい。   Further, in each of the above-described embodiments, the blade and the guard may be formed by insert molding in which a second member formed in advance is loaded in a mold and the blade and the first member are integrally formed.

上述の実施形態では、この発明に係るプロペラが無人ヘリコプタのメインロータとして用いられる場合について説明したが、これに限定されない。この発明に係るプロペラは、無人ヘリコプタのテールロータとして用いられてもよく、また、有人ヘリコプタのメインロータやテールロータとして用いられてもよい。さらに、この発明に係るプロペラは、マルチコプタのロータとして用いられてもよい。   In the above-described embodiment, the case where the propeller according to the present invention is used as the main rotor of an unmanned helicopter has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this. The propeller according to the present invention may be used as a tail rotor of an unmanned helicopter, or may be used as a main rotor or a tail rotor of a manned helicopter. Furthermore, the propeller according to the present invention may be used as a rotor of a multicopter.

また、図１４に、プロペラ１６によって推進されるボート１０ａを示す。プロペラによって推進されるボートは、プロペラを回転させることで推進力を得ているが、プロペラにガードを取り付けてプロペラを高速回転させると、ガードが変形しやすくなる。したがって、この発明に係るプロペラ１６は、プロペラによって推進されるボート１０ａに好適に用いることができる。なお、図６〜図８に示すプロペラ１６ａ〜１６ｃや、図９〜図１３に示すガード４６ｄ〜４６ｈが、図１４に示すボート１０ａに適用されてもよい。   FIG. 14 shows a boat 10 a propelled by the propeller 16. A boat propelled by a propeller obtains a propulsive force by rotating the propeller. However, when the guard is attached to the propeller and the propeller is rotated at a high speed, the guard is easily deformed. Therefore, the propeller 16 according to the present invention can be suitably used for the boat 10a propelled by the propeller. Note that the propellers 16a to 16c shown in FIGS. 6 to 8 and the guards 46d to 46h shown in FIGS. 9 to 13 may be applied to the boat 10a shown in FIG.

この発明に係るプロペラは、ヘリコプタやボートの他、プロペラによって推進される任意の輸送機器に適用できる。   The propeller according to the present invention can be applied to helicopters and boats, as well as any transportation equipment that is propelled by a propeller.

上述の実施形態では、ブレードは正のピッチ角を有するように形成され、プロペラは矢印Ｘで示す時計廻り方向に回転する場合について説明したが、これに限定されない。この発明は、ブレードが負のピッチ角を有するように形成され、プロペラが反時計廻り方向に回転する場合にも適用できる。   In the above-described embodiment, the case where the blade is formed to have a positive pitch angle and the propeller rotates in the clockwise direction indicated by the arrow X has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this. The present invention can also be applied to the case where the blade is formed to have a negative pitch angle and the propeller rotates counterclockwise.

図７に示す実施形態では、隣り合う第１部材片６６ｂ同士は接続されず、複数の第１部材片６６ｂは不連続に形成され、図８に示す実施形態では、隣り合う第１部材片６６ｃ同士は接続されず、複数の第１部材片６６ｃは不連続に形成されているが、これに限定されない。この発明では、少なくとも１つの不連続な箇所がある（第１部材が少なくとも１箇所で分断される）ように、１または複数の第１部材片が形成されてもよい。   In the embodiment shown in FIG. 7, the adjacent first member pieces 66b are not connected to each other, and the plurality of first member pieces 66b are formed discontinuously. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 8, the adjacent first member pieces 66c. They are not connected to each other, and the plurality of first member pieces 66c are formed discontinuously, but are not limited thereto. In the present invention, one or a plurality of first member pieces may be formed so that there is at least one discontinuous portion (the first member is divided at at least one portion).

また、図７に示す実施形態において、少なくともプロペラ１６ｂの回転時には、隣り合う第１部材片６６ｂ同士が繋がって第１部材６０ｂがリング状に形成されてもよい。図８に示す実施形態においても同様である。   In the embodiment shown in FIG. 7, at least when the propeller 16b rotates, the adjacent first member pieces 66b may be connected to form the first member 60b in a ring shape. The same applies to the embodiment shown in FIG.

以上、この発明の好ましい実施形態について説明されたが、この発明の範囲および精神を逸脱しない限りにおいて種々の変更が可能であることは明らかである。この発明の範囲は、添付された請求の範囲のみによって限定される。   Although the preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described above, it is apparent that various modifications can be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the invention is limited only by the appended claims.

１０ 無人ヘリコプタ
１０ａ ボート
１６，１６ａ，１６ｂ，１６ｃ プロペラ
２０ テールロータ
４２ ハブ
４４ ブレード
４６，４６ａ，４６ｂ，４６ｃ，４６ｄ，４６ｅ，４６ｆ，４６ｇ，４６ｈ ガード
５８ ブレードの外端部
６０，６０ｂ，６０ｃ，６０ｄ１，６０ｄ２，６０ｅ，６０ｆ，６０ｇ，６０ｈ 第１部材
６２，６２ａ、６２ｂ，６２ｃ，６２ｄ，６２ｅ，６２ｆ，６２ｇ，６２ｈ 第２部材
６４ａ，６４ｂ，６４ｃ 第２部材片
６６ｂ，６６ｃ 第１部材片DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Unmanned helicopter 10a Boat 16, 16a, 16b, 16c Propeller 20 Tail rotor 42 Hub 44 Blade 46, 46a, 46b, 46c, 46d, 46e, 46f, 46g, 46h Guard 58 Outer end part 60, 60b, 60c of blade 60d1, 60d2, 60e, 60f, 60g, 60h First member 62, 62a, 62b, 62c, 62d, 62e, 62f, 62g, 62h Second member 64a, 64b, 64c Second member piece 66b, 66c First member piece

Claims (11)

ハブと、
前記ハブから放射状に延びる複数のブレードと、
前記複数のブレードのそれぞれの外端部に接続されるガードとを備え、
前記ガードは、前記ブレードと同一の材料からなる第１部材と、前記ブレードとは異なる材料からなる第２部材とを含み、
前記第１部材は、前記複数のブレードのそれぞれと一体に形成され、前記複数のブレードのそれぞれの前記外端部から隣りの前記ブレードの前記外端部へ向かって外側に凸の円弧状に延び、
前記第２部材は、前記第１部材の内周面に形成されかつ前記第１部材よりも曲げ弾性率が高い、プロペラ。A hub,
A plurality of blades extending radially from the hub;
A guard connected to each outer end of the plurality of blades,
The guard includes a first member made of the same material as the blade, and a second member made of a material different from the blade,
The first member is formed integrally with each of the plurality of blades, and extends outwardly from the outer end portion of each of the plurality of blades toward the outer end portion of the adjacent blade. ,
The second member is a propeller formed on an inner peripheral surface of the first member and having a higher flexural modulus than the first member. 前記第１部材はリング状に形成される、請求項１に記載のプロペラ。   The propeller according to claim 1, wherein the first member is formed in a ring shape. 前記第２部材はリング状に形成される、請求項２に記載のプロペラ。   The propeller according to claim 2, wherein the second member is formed in a ring shape. 前記第１部材は、前記複数のブレードのそれぞれと一体に形成される複数の第１部材片を含み、前記複数の第１部材片は不連続に形成される、請求項１に記載のプロペラ。   2. The propeller according to claim 1, wherein the first member includes a plurality of first member pieces formed integrally with each of the plurality of blades, and the plurality of first member pieces are formed discontinuously. 前記第２部材は、前記第１部材の内周面において周方向に不連続に形成される複数の第２部材片を含む、請求項１、２または４のいずれかに記載のプロペラ。   5. The propeller according to claim 1, wherein the second member includes a plurality of second member pieces formed discontinuously in a circumferential direction on an inner peripheral surface of the first member. 前記第１部材は前記第２部材の内周面にも形成される、請求項１から５のいずれかに記載のプロペラ。   The propeller according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the first member is also formed on an inner peripheral surface of the second member. 前記第２部材は前記第１部材の内部に形成される、請求項６に記載のプロペラ。   The propeller according to claim 6, wherein the second member is formed inside the first member. 前記第２部材の外側にある前記第１部材の外周面の摩擦係数は、前記第２部材における前記第１部材との接触面の摩擦係数より小さい、請求項１から７のいずれかに記載のプロペラ。   The friction coefficient of the outer peripheral surface of the first member outside the second member is smaller than the friction coefficient of the contact surface of the second member with the first member. propeller. 請求項１から８のいずれかに記載のプロペラによって推進される、輸送機器。   A transportation device driven by the propeller according to claim 1. 請求項１から８のいずれかに記載のプロペラによって推進される、ヘリコプタ。   A helicopter propelled by the propeller according to any one of claims 1 to 8. 請求項１から８のいずれかに記載のプロペラによって推進される、ボート。   A boat propelled by the propeller according to claim 1.
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