JP6569272B2 - Pressure filtration device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a pressure filtration apparatus.

  As a filtration device for purifying raw water by filtration, a pressure filtration device (sealed filtration device) is known. In order to maintain the performance of the pressure filtration device, it is necessary to periodically carry out water washing for cleaning the filter medium and stabilizing the filter medium particles. One of the methods for cleaning the filter medium is backflow cleaning (hereinafter referred to as backwashing).

  Therefore, a system (for example, refer to Patent Document 1) has been developed in which a plurality of pressure filtration devices are combined so that each pressure filtration device can be back-washed with filtered water obtained from other pressure filtration devices. Yes.

JP 2003-93808 A

  The system employs a configuration in which a plurality of pressure filters arranged in a row are connected by a plurality of header pipes (raw water main pipe, communication pipe, etc.). However, if the said structure is employ | adopted, it is difficult to make the amount of raw | natural water supplied to each pressure type filtration apparatus at the time of a filtration process substantially uniform.

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is a pressure filtration device having a plurality of filtration chambers, each filtration chamber can be individually washed, and the amount of raw water supplied to each filtration chamber during the filtration step is substantially uniform. It is providing the pressure type filtration apparatus which becomes.

  In order to solve the above problems, a pressure filtration device of the present invention is arranged in a circular shape, a plurality of filtration chambers having a filter medium therein, and a central portion of the plurality of filtration chambers in plan view. A raw water distribution unit to which raw water to be filtered is supplied from the outside, and a flow path system connecting the raw water inlets of the plurality of filtration chambers and the raw water distribution unit, the raw water in the raw water distribution unit The first state to be distributed and supplied to the raw water inlet of the filtration chamber is connected to the raw water inlet of the filtration chamber to be backwashed and the drain pipe, and the raw water inlet to the filtration chamber other than the filtration chamber to be backwashed A flow path system capable of taking a second state of distributing and supplying the raw water in the raw water distribution section only, and a water purification chamber into which filtrate from the filtrate outlet of the plurality of filtration chambers flows, and the backwash target Filtration water from filtration chambers other than the filtration chamber of the filtration chamber of the backwash target And a purified water compartment functioning as the filtered water path to be introduced into the outlet.

  That is, the pressure type filtration apparatus of the present invention has a configuration in which a plurality of filtration chambers are arranged in a circle around the central portion of the raw water chamber. Accordingly, the “flow path system” in the pressure filtration apparatus of the present invention is easy to design and manufacture so that the flow resistance of the raw water flow path between each filtration chamber and the raw water chamber is substantially equal. Become. Therefore, if the said structure is employ | adopted, the pressure type filtration apparatus from which the amount of raw | natural water supplied to each filtration chamber at the time of a filtration process will become substantially uniform can be implement | achieved easily.

In addition, if the arrangement | positioning of the several filtration chamber in the pressure type filtration apparatus of this invention is substantially circular shape, it may not be a perfect circle shape. Therefore, the pressure type filtration device of the present invention may be realized as a device in which the distance from the raw water distribution part of some filtration chambers is larger / smaller than the distance from the raw water distribution part of other filtration chambers. . Moreover, the several filtration chamber in the pressure type filtration apparatus of this invention does not need to be arrange | positioned at equiangular intervals. Therefore, you may implement | achieve the pressure type filtration apparatus of this invention as an apparatus by which the several filtration chamber is arrange | positioned, for example in a semicircle shape.

  As the flow path system in the pressure filtration apparatus of the present invention, various systems having different specific configurations can be employed. For example, as a flow path system, an individual flow path system provided for each of the filtration chambers, for selectively connecting the raw water inlet of the filtration chamber to either the raw water distribution unit or the drain pipe One including an individual flow path system including one or more valve devices may be employed.

  Moreover, in order to make it compact, the pressure-type filtration device of the present invention, “the plurality of filtration chambers, the raw water chamber and the water purification chamber are provided in the filter body, and the plurality of filtration chambers are The portion excluding the raw water chamber and the water purification chamber in the filter main body may be realized as a device having a shape that is evenly divided radially from the center of the filter main body. In addition, when employ | adopting this structure, it is preferable that the filter main body employ | adopts that the cross-sectional shape in planar view has a polygonal shape or a circular shape.

  Further, the pressure-type filtration device of the present invention is a device wherein “the flow path system is one valve device that can take the first state and the second state by moving the valve body in the valve box”. It may be realized as.

  The number of filtration chambers and the number of filtration chambers (“filtration chambers to be backwashed”) in the pressure filtration device of the present invention are not particularly limited. The number of filtration chambers and the number of filtration chambers for backwashing may be determined from the backwashing flow rate and the filtration rate, which are the flow rates required for backwashing. For example, when the filtration rate is 200 m / day and the backwash flow rate is 1000 m / day, the number of filtration chambers may be six and the number of filtration chambers to be backwashed may be one. When the filtration rate is 300 m / day and the backwash flow rate is 900 m / day, the number of filtration chambers may be four and the number of filtration chambers to be backwashed may be one. Furthermore, when the filtration rate is 120 to 150 m / day and the backwash flow rate is 840 to 1050 m / day, the number of filtration chambers may be eight and the number of filtration chambers to be backwashed may be one. .

  When the backwash flow rate is about twice the filtration flow rate, the number of filtration chambers is three, and the number of filtration chambers to be backwashed is one, but the number of filtration chambers is six. The number of filtration chambers to be backwashed may be set to two.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the pressure type filtration apparatus from which the amount of raw | natural water supplied to each filtration chamber at the time of a filtration process becomes substantially uniform can be implement | achieved easily.

FIG. 1 is a top view of the pressure filtration device according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a front view of the pressure filtration device according to the first embodiment. FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of the internal structure of the pressure filtration device according to the first embodiment. FIG. 4 is a sectional view of the switching valve taken along a plane passing through the center of the switching valve. FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of the configuration (shape) of the valve body in the switching valve. FIG. 6 is a development view of a shaft portion that is a component of the switching valve. FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of a positional relationship that can be taken by the valve body of the switching valve and the raw water outlet. FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the switching valve taken along line AA in FIG. FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram of the configuration of the switching valve. FIG. 10A is an explanatory diagram of a path of raw water or the like during the filtration step of the pressure filtration device according to the first embodiment. FIG. 10B is an explanatory diagram of paths of raw water and the like during the backwashing process of the pressure filtration device according to the first embodiment. FIG. 10C is an explanatory diagram of paths of raw water and the like during the water discarding process of the pressure filtration device according to the first embodiment. FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of a pressure filtration device according to the second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 12 is a top view of the pressure filtration device according to the second embodiment. FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram of the raw water path and the like during the filtration step of the pressure filtration device according to the second embodiment. FIG. 14 is an explanatory diagram of the raw water path and the like during the backwashing process of the pressure filtration device according to the second embodiment. FIG. 15 is an explanatory diagram of a raw water path and the like during a water discarding process of the pressure filtration device according to the second embodiment. FIG. 16 is an explanatory diagram of a modified example of the valve body in the switching valve of the pressure filtration device according to the first embodiment. FIG. 17 is an explanatory diagram of a modification of the pressure filtration device according to the second embodiment. FIG. 18 is an explanatory diagram of another modification of the pressure filtration device according to the second embodiment.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

<< First Embodiment >>
In FIG. 1, the top view of the pressure type filtration apparatus 1 which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention is shown. Moreover, the front view of the pressure type filtration apparatus 1 is shown in FIG. 2, and the explanatory view of the internal structure of the pressure type filtration apparatus 1 is shown in FIG.

  The pressure filtration device 1 according to the present embodiment is a pressure filtration device that applies the principle of a self-backflow cleaning type filtration basin. As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the pressure filtration device 1 includes a filtration device body 10, a raw water pipe 20, filtered water pipes 22 a to 22 c, a drainage pipe 23, and the like.

  The raw water pipe 20 (FIG. 3) is a pipe for supplying water to be purified by the filtration apparatus main body 10 (hereinafter referred to as raw water) to the filtration apparatus main body 10. The filtration device body 10 filters the raw water supplied via the raw water pipe 20, and the raw water filtration result (hereinafter referred to as filtered water) is used as a filtered water outlet 22d (Fig. It is a device that flows out from 2). As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, a raw water chamber 11, six filtration chambers 12, and a water purification chamber 13 are provided in the filtration apparatus main body 10. In addition, a switching valve 30 is attached to the center of the upper surface of the filtration device main body 10.

  The switching valve 30 is a six-way valve developed for the pressure filtration device 1 (filter device body 10). As shown in FIG. 3, the switching valve 30 includes a switching valve main body 30 a housed in the outer shell 10 a of the filtration device main body 10 and a drive unit 30 b protruding from the outer shell 10 a.

The switching valve main body 30a is a unit (valve device) in which a cylindrical valve body 40 moves up and down and rotates in a bottomed and covered cylindrical valve box. As shown in FIG. 3, six raw water inlets 32a are provided at equiangular intervals at the upper part of the side surface of the valve box of the switching valve main body 30a. In addition, six raw water outlets 32b are provided at equiangular intervals at portions below the raw water inlets 32a on the side of the valve box of the switching valve main body 30a. Furthermore, the lower surface of the switching valve main body 30a is provided with an opening 32c that functions as an outlet for cleaning wastewater (details will be described later). A drain pipe 24 extending to the outside of the outer shell 10a is connected.

  Before detailed description of the switching valve 30 (the switching valve main body 30a and the drive unit 30b), the configuration of the pressure filtration device 1 other than the switching valve 30 will be described.

  The raw water chamber 11 (FIG. 3) is a portion (container) to which raw water is supplied by the raw water pipe 20. The shape of the raw water chamber 11 (the shape of the partition wall in which the switching valve main body 30a is inserted, which is a component of the raw water chamber 11) is such that the outlet of the raw water supplied by the raw water pipe 20 is the switching valve main body. It is determined to be a raw water inlet 32a of 30a. Furthermore, the outlet of the raw water supplied from the raw water inlet 32a to the switching valve main body 30a is determined to be only the six raw water outlets 32b of the switching valve main body 30a.

  Each filtration chamber 12 (FIG. 3) has a filter medium 12a on a water collecting plate 15 (a partition plate that supports a filter medium 12a, collects filtered water, and disperses backwash water). This is the unit that was placed. In the filtration chamber 12 according to this embodiment, the water collecting plate 15 functions as a filtrate outlet. In FIG. 3, anthracite, manganese sand and filter gravel are shown as filter medium 12a. Filter medium 12a is for removing impurities contained in raw water, and the type, particle diameter, and uniformity coefficient of filter medium 12a. Etc. are determined by the components and concentrations to be removed.

  As shown in FIG. 1, each filtration chamber 12 has a shape in which the main part of the internal space of the filtration device main body 10 (outer shell 10 a) is radially divided into six equal parts from the center of the filtration device main body 10. . The switching valve 30 is attached to the filtration apparatus main body 10 so that raw water can be supplied from only one raw water outlet 32 b corresponding to each filtration chamber 12.

  The water purification chamber 13 (FIG. 3) is a space below the water collecting plate 15 inside the six filtration chambers 12 in the filtration apparatus main body 10. As shown in the figure, one end of a filtered water pipe 22b extending to the lower surface of the switching valve main body 30a is inserted into the water purification chamber 13 with the drain pipe 24 accommodated therein. One end of a filtered water pipe 22c extending almost horizontally to the outside of the outer shell 10a of the filtering device body 10 is connected to a portion of the filtered water pipe 22b above the upper surface of the filter medium 12a. A filtered water pipe 22a is connected to the other end of the filtered water pipe 22c, and the filtered water supplied from each filtration chamber 12 to the purified water chamber 13 during the raw water filtration process by the pressure filtration device 1 is filtered water pipe 22b. , 22c and 22a in this order, and flows out from the filtrate outlet 22d.

  In addition, even if filtered water is raised to a position above the upper surface of the filter medium 12a and then flows out, even if the supply amount of raw water decreases due to some factor, the filter medium 12a is placed in each filter chamber 12. This is to ensure that there is an amount of water to cover.

  As shown in FIG. 2, a filtrate water valve 27 for turning ON / OFF the outflow of filtrate water from the filtrate water outlet 22d is provided in the vicinity of the filtrate water outlet 22d of the filtrate water pipe 22a. The filtered water pipe 22 a is connected to the drain pipe 24 by a drain pipe 23 at a portion upstream of the filtered water valve 27. In the middle of the drainage pipe 23, a drainage valve 28 that is opened when draining the filtrate flowing through the filtrate water pipe 22a from the drain pipe 24 is provided.

Hereinafter, the configuration of the switching valve 30 will be described with reference to FIGS. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the switching valve 30 cut along a plane passing through the center of the switching valve 30. FIG. However, in this cross-sectional view, hatching is omitted. 5A and 5B are a plan view and a side view of the valve body 40, respectively. FIG. 6 is a development view of the shaft portion 60 that is a component of the switching valve 30. FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of a positional relationship that can be taken by the valve body 40 of the switching valve 30 and the raw water outlet 32b, and FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the switching valve 30 taken along line AA in FIG. . FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram of the configuration of the switching valve 30.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the switching valve 30 is divided into a switching valve main body 30 a and a driving unit 30 b by an isolation plate 38.

  First, the configuration of the switching valve main body 30a will be described. As shown in FIG. 4, the switching valve main body 30 includes an isolation plate 38, a casing 31, a valve body 40, and the like.

  The housing 31 is a member that functions as a valve box of the switching valve main body 30 a by being fixed to the isolation plate 38.

  Six circular raw water inlets 32 a having the same diameter are provided on the upper side of the casing 31 at equal angular intervals. Six circular raw water outlets 32b having the same diameter are provided at equiangular intervals on the side of the casing 31 below the raw water inlets 32a. The diameter of the raw water outlet 32b is larger than the diameter of the raw water inlet 32a (in this embodiment, approximately 2.5 times the diameter of the raw water inlet 32a). And the housing | casing 31 has the shape which the valve body 40 accommodated in the inside can fall to the position where the upper surface of the valve body 40 becomes lower than the lower end of each raw | natural water outflow port 32b so that it may show in figure. Yes.

  The valve body 40 is a member having the shape shown in FIGS. That is, the valve body 40 is a substantially cylindrical member. Further, in the inside of the valve body 40, five raw water flow paths 41a communicating between the upper surface and the side surface of the valve body 40, and a flow for washing drainage communicating between the lower surface and the side surface of the valve body 40 are provided. A path 41b is provided. Hereinafter, the opening on the side surface and the opening on the upper surface side of the valve body 40 of the raw water channel 41a are referred to as the side surface opening and the upper surface side opening of the raw water channel 41a, respectively. Similarly, the opening on the side surface and the opening on the lower surface side of the valve body 40 of the cleaning / drainage channel 41b are referred to as the side surface opening and the lower surface side opening of the cleaning / drainage channel 41b, respectively. .

  Each raw water channel 41a provided in the valve body 40 is a channel having a diameter (inner diameter) substantially equal to that of the raw water inlet 32a. Further, as shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B, the five raw water flow paths 41a have the same shape.

  The washing drainage channel 41b provided in the valve body 40 is a channel having a larger channel cross-sectional area than the raw water channel 41a (in this embodiment, a circular channel having an inner diameter of approximately 2.5 times). ). The six channels in the valve body 40 (the five raw water channels 41a and the washing drain channel 41b) have an equiangular interval (that is, an interval of 60 °) between the centers of adjacent two side surface side openings. It is formed to become. Further, the side surface of the valve body 40 is provided with an O-ring groove (with a groove shape) that covers each side-side opening, and the valve body 40 has an O-ring attached to each O-ring groove. It is accommodated in the housing 31 in a state.

  As shown in FIG. 4, a stem 45 for rotating and vertically moving the valve body 40 within the housing 31 is attached to the central portion of the valve body 40. The stem 45 extends through the opening (bearing portion) of the isolation plate 38 into the drive unit 30b, and the opening of the isolation plate 38 moves the stem 45 up and down while maintaining airtightness and watertightness. And can be rotated.

Next, the drive unit 30b of the switching valve 30 will be described. The drive unit 30b of the switching valve 30 is a unit for vertically moving and rotating the valve body 40 in the switching valve main body 30a (housing 31). As shown in FIG. 4, the drive unit 30b includes a housing 50, a piston 53, and
A shaft portion 60 is provided.

  The housing 50 includes a cylindrical cylinder portion 52, a top cover 51 that closes the upper end of the cylinder portion 52, and the like. The top cover 51 is provided with a compressed air introduction port 51a into which compressed air is introduced when the piston 53 is moved downward. Further, the isolation plate 38 that forms the lower surface of the drive unit 30b is provided with a compressed air introduction port 38a into which compressed air is introduced when the piston 53 is moved upward.

  The piston 53 is obtained by sealing the lower end of a cylindrical member 53b having an outer diameter slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the cylinder portion 52 with a disk-shaped member 53a. O-ring grooves are provided around the upper side and the lower side of the member 53b of the piston 53, and the piston 53 has a housing 50 (cylinder portion) in a state where the O-ring is fitted in each O-ring groove. 52).

  Near the upper end of the piston 53 (member 53b), a plurality (six in this embodiment) of cam followers 54 are attached at equal angular intervals.

  The shaft portion 60 is a cylindrical member fixed to the housing 50 (top cover 51). A cam groove 61 having a shape as shown in FIG. 6 is formed on the outer surface of the shaft portion 60.

  In other words, the cam groove 61 on the outer surface of the shaft portion 60 is configured such that when the cam follower 54 located at the lower end of the cam groove 61 rises and reaches the upper end of the cam groove 61 along the cam groove 61, It has a shape in which the relative angle with respect to the portion 60 changes by 30 ° in a certain direction. Further, when the cam follower 54 positioned at the upper end of the cam groove 61 descends along the cam groove 61 and reaches the lower end of the cam groove 61, the cam groove 61 has the same relative angle with respect to the shaft portion 60. Have a shape that changes by 30 °.

The switching valve 30 is determined so that the size of each part (the vertical length of the cam groove 61, the mounting angle of the valve body 40 with respect to the stem 45, etc.) satisfies the following conditions.
(1) When the cam follower 54 is positioned at the lower end of the cam groove 61, the upper surface of the valve body 40 is positioned lower than the lower ends of the raw water outlets 32b provided in the housing 31 (see FIG. 4). ). (2) When the cam follower 54 is positioned at the upper end of the cam groove 61, the state shown in FIGS. 7 to 9, that is, the side openings of the flow paths 41 a and 41 b in the valve body 40 are switched. It will be in the state which counters each raw | natural water outflow port 32b of the valve main-body part 30a.

  Hereinafter, the function of the pressure filtration apparatus 1 will be described. In the following description, the control device is a device (a kind of computer) that controls the filtered water valve 27, the drain valve 28, and the switching valve 30 of the pressure filtration device 1. The normal position refers to the position (see FIG. 4) of the valve body 40 in the casing 31 when the cam follower 54 is positioned at the lower end of the cam groove 61. The backwash position is a position (see FIG. 9) of the valve body 40 in the housing 31 when the cam follower 54 is located at the upper end of the cam groove 61. Further, the backwashing position for a certain filtration chamber 12 is the side surface of the washing drainage channel 41b among the six kinds of backwashing positions in which the orientation of the valve body 40 (rotation angle in the housing 31) is different. This is the backwash position where the side opening faces the filtration chamber 12.

  During the raw water filtration process by the pressure filtration device 1, the filtrate water valve 27, the waste water valve 28, the water drain valve 28 is closed, the water valve 28 is closed, and the valve body 40 is located at the normal position. The switching valve 30 is controlled by the control device. Hereinafter, the state in which the filtered water valve 27 is opened, the drain valve 28 is closed, and the valve body 40 is located at the normal position is referred to as a filtering state.

  The upper surface of the valve body 40 located in the normal position is at a position lower than the lower end of each raw water outlet 32b of the housing 31 (FIG. 4). Moreover, the shape of each raw | natural water outlet 32b is the same. Therefore, when the said state for filtration is formed, the raw | natural water which flowed in into the switching valve main-body part 30a from the raw | natural water chamber 11 via the six raw | natural water inflow ports 32a is sent to the six filtration chambers 12 by the six raw | natural water outlets 32b. Will be evenly distributed.

  And since the state for filtration is the state where the filtered water valve 27 is open and the wastewater valve 28 is closed, as schematically shown in FIG. 10A, the water is supplied from each filtration chamber 12 to the water purification chamber 13. The filtered water flows out from the filtered water outlet 22d through the filtered water pipe 22 (filtered water pipes 22b, 22c and 22a).

  There are predetermined backwash start conditions, for example, “washing raw water for a specified time (for example, 24 to 48 hours)” or “backwash start conditions such that the filtration resistance increases and reaches a set value”. When satisfied, the control device performs a backwash process with the following content.

  The control device first forms a “backwashing state in which the filtered water valve 27 is closed, the drainage valve 28 is closed, and the valve body 40 is located at a backwashing position for a certain filtration chamber 12”. A first control process is performed. During the first control process, the control performed on the switching valve 30 is usually a control for rotating the valve body 40 in the normal position by 30 ° and raising it to the backwash position (ie, at the lower end). The piston 53 is lifted to the upper end). However, if the control performed on the switching valve 30 during the first control process is a control that positions the valve body 40 in the backwash position, even if the rotation angle of the valve body 40 is not 30 °. good.

  When the valve body 40 is located at the backwash position for a certain filtration chamber 12 (hereinafter, referred to as the cleaning target filtration chamber 12), the side opening portions of the flow paths 41a and 41b in the valve body 40 are It faces each raw water outlet 32b of the casing 31 (see FIG. 9). The raw water channel 41a and the cleaning drainage channel 41b communicate with each other between the side surface and the upper surface of the valve body 40 and between the side surface and the lower surface of the valve body 40, respectively. 41a has substantially the same shape.

  Therefore, when the valve body 40 is positioned at the backwash position for the filtration target filtration chamber 12, the raw water flowing from the raw water chamber 11 into the switching valve main body 30a is the five raw water flow paths 41a of the valve body 40. And is evenly distributed to the five filtration chambers 12 excluding the filtration chamber 12 to be cleaned.

  Moreover, when the valve body 40 is located in the backwashing position for the backwashing target filtration chamber 12, the raw water inlet 32b for supplying the raw water to the backwashing target filtration chamber 12 (raw water outlet 32b ) Is communicated with the drain pipe 24 by the cleaning drain passage 41b in the valve body 40. That is, since the raw water inlet is open (no raw water is introduced from the raw water inlet), the backwash target filtration chamber 12 is in a state where water can flow from the bottom to the top. And when both the filtered water valve 27 and the wastewater valve 28 are closed, the filtered water in the water purification chamber 13 cannot flow out to the filtered water pipe 22b side.

  Therefore, when the above-described backwashing state is formed, the backwashing target filtration chamber 12 is filtered by the filtered water from the five filtration chambers 12 excluding the backwashing target filtration chamber 12 as schematically shown in FIG. 10B. Is washed back and the washing wastewater from the backwashing target filtration chamber 12 flows out through the washing drainage channel 41 b (see FIG. 9) and the drainage pipe 24.

  The control device that has finished the first control process described above waits for the elapse of a backwash time (for example, 6 to 7 minutes) that is set in advance as the time for backwashing.

When the backwash time has elapsed, the control device controls the switching valve 30 (drive unit 30a) to lower the piston 53 positioned at the upper end to the lower end and then raise the piston 53 to the upper end. When this control (hereinafter referred to as backwash destination change control) is performed, the valve body 40 is located at the backwash position for the filtration chamber 12 adjacent to the filtration chamber 12 after the backwash is completed. Wait for the backwash time to elapse.

  When the backwash time has elapsed, the control device again waits for the backwash time to elapse after performing the backwash destination change control.

  The control device repeats the above control until the backwashing of all the filtration chambers 12 is completed. When the backwashing of all the filtration chambers 12 is completed, the control device controls the switching valve 30 (drive unit 30a) to lower the piston 53 located at the upper end to the lower end, and opens it. The drain valve 28 is controlled so as to control.

  When the above control is performed on the switching valve 30 and the wastewater valve 28, a "state in which the filtered water valve 27 is closed, the wastewater valve 28 is opened, and the valve body 40 is located at the normal position" is formed. . Therefore, as schematically shown in FIG. 10C, filtrated water from the six filtration chambers flows out from the drainage pipe 24 through the drainage pipe 23.

  The control device that has formed the above-described state (hereinafter referred to as a state for water discharge) by controlling the switching valve 30 and the water discharge valve 28 waits for a preset time (for example, 10 minutes) to elapse. To do. Then, the control device controls the filtered water valve 27 and the drain valve 28 so that the filtered water valve 27 is opened and the drain valve 28 is closed when the time has elapsed. That is, the control device performs control for returning the pressure filtration device 1 to a state in which the raw water is filtered (a state in which filtered water from the six filtration chambers flows out from the filtered water outlet 22d). And the control apparatus which finished the said control will be in the state which is monitoring that the backwashing start conditions are satisfy | filled.

  As described above, the pressure filtration device 1 according to the present embodiment includes the six filtration chambers 12 arranged in a circle and the raw water chamber 11 arranged in the center of the filtration chamber 12. ing. And in the pressure type filtration apparatus 1, raw | natural water is supplied to each filtration chamber 12 from the raw | natural water outflow port 32b of the same shape provided in the switching valve main body 30a (refer FIG. 4). Therefore, in the pressure type filtration apparatus 1, a substantially uniform amount of raw water is supplied to each filtration chamber 12 during the filtration process.

  Moreover, the pressure-type filtration apparatus 1 functions as a filtered water path which introduces filtered water from the filtration chambers 12 other than the backwashing target filtration chamber 12 into the filtered water outlet (water collecting plate 15) of the backwashing target filtration chamber 12. A water purification chamber 13 is provided. The water purification chamber 13 is provided at the center of the six filtration chambers 12 (below the six filtration chambers 12; see FIG. 3). Therefore, in the pressure type filtration apparatus 1, the total amount of water filtered in the filtration chambers other than the backwashing target filtration chamber 12 during the backwashing process is supplied to the backwashing target filtration chamber 12.

  Furthermore, the filtration apparatus main body 10 of the pressure type filtration apparatus 1 has a raw water chamber 11, a plurality of filtration chambers 12 and the like arranged in a single shell 10 without any gaps. Therefore, the pressure type filtration apparatus 1 is necessary for installation rather than a pressure type filtration apparatus (such as a pressure type filtration apparatus 2 described later) that employs another configuration to equalize filtrate water to each filtration chamber. The device has a small area.

<< Second Embodiment >>
In FIG. 11, sectional drawing of the pressure type filtration apparatus 2 which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention is shown, and the top view of the pressure type filtration apparatus 2 is shown in FIG.

  Similarly to the pressure filtration device 1, the pressure filtration device 2 according to the present embodiment is a device that applies the principle of a self-backflow cleaning type filtration basin.

  As shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, the pressure filtration apparatus 2 includes six filtration chambers 70, a raw water chamber 71, a drainage chamber 72, a water purification chamber 73, and a raw water pipe for supplying raw water into the raw water chamber 71. 80 etc. Moreover, the pressure type filtration apparatus 2 (FIG. 11) has the structure where the raw | natural water chamber 71, the drainage chamber 72, and the water purification chamber 73 were located in a line with the perpendicular direction (up-down direction in FIG. 11).

  Each filtration chamber 70 of the pressure-type filtration device 2 is a filtration chamber (filter) having the same configuration in which a filter medium (anthracite, manganese sand, and filtration gravel in FIG. 11) is disposed on the water collecting plate 70c. As shown in FIG. 12, the six filtration chambers 70 of the pressure filtration device 2 are arranged in a circle centering on a portion composed of the raw water chamber 71, the drainage chamber 72, and the like.

  As shown in FIG. 11, the raw water inlet 70 a of each filtration chamber 70 is connected to the raw water chamber 71 and the drain chamber 72 by a piping system having the same configuration including the three-way valve 75. In addition, if the piping system which connects between each filtration chamber 70 and the raw | natural water chamber 71 and the drainage chamber 72 is a thing in which the required amount of filtered water can flow back in the filtration chamber 70 at the time of a backwash process, piping system will be used. Even if pipes having the same inner diameter are used as constituent pipes (pipes connecting between the three-way valve 75 and the raw water inlet 70a), a plurality of types of pipes having different inner diameters are used. May be.

  The filtered water outlet 70 b of each filtration chamber 70 is connected to the water purification chamber 73. For the connection between the filtered water outlet 70b of each filtration chamber 70 and the water purification chamber 73, pipes having substantially the same shape (inner diameter, length) are used.

  A drainage pipe 83 that extends vertically downward from the center of the lower surface of the drainage chamber 72 and penetrates the water purification chamber 73 is attached to the drainage chamber 72. One end of a filtered water pipe 81 a extending to the lower surface of the drainage chamber 72 is inserted into the water purification chamber 73 so as to accommodate the drainage pipe 83 therein. The other end of the filtrate water pipe 81b, one end of which functions as the filtrate outlet 81d, is connected to a portion of the filtrate water pipe 81a above the upper surface of the filter medium in each filtration chamber 70. A filtered water valve 76 is provided in the vicinity of the filtered water outlet 81d of the filtered water pipe 81b, and a portion upstream of the filtered water valve 76 of the filtered water pipe 81b and the drain pipe 83 are connected to a drain valve 77. The waste water pipe 82 is provided for communication.

Hereinafter, the function of the pressure filtration device 2 will be described.
During the raw water filtration process by the pressure filtration device 2, the valves 75 to 77 are controlled by the control device for the pressure filtration device 2, and “the filtration water valve 76 is opened, the drain valve 77 is closed, and each three-way valve 75 is closed. Is formed in a state for filtration in which the filtration chamber 70 and the raw water chamber 71 are communicated with each other.

  As already described, the piping system connecting the filtration chambers 70 to the raw water chambers 71 and the drainage chambers 72 has the same configuration. Therefore, when each three-way valve 75 communicates the filtration chamber 70 and the raw water chamber 71, the raw water supplied from the outside by the raw water pipe 80 passes through the raw water chamber 71 as schematically shown in FIG. Are evenly distributed to the six filtration chambers 70. The filtration state is a state in which each filtration chamber 70 and the raw water chamber 71 are communicated with each other by the three-way valves 75, the filtration water valve 76 is opened, and the wastewater valve 77 is closed. Therefore, when the state for filtration is formed, the filtrate from each filtration chamber 70 to which an equal amount of raw water is supplied flows out from the filtrate outlet 81d of the filtrate water pipe 81b through the water purification chamber 73 and the filtrate water pipe 81a. Will be.

  Further, when a predetermined backwash start condition is satisfied, the control device performs a backwash control process having the following contents.

  The control device that has started the control process for backwashing is first described as follows: “The filtration water valve 76 and the drainage valve 77 are closed, one three-way valve 75 communicates the filtration chamber 70 and the drainage chamber 72, and the other three-way valves. 75 performs the 1st control processing for forming the state for backwashing which makes the filtration chamber 70 and the raw | natural water chamber 71 communicate.

  When the state for backwashing is formed, the filtration chamber 70 (hereinafter referred to as backwashing target filtration chamber 70) communicated by the drainage chamber 72 and the three-way valve 75 is in a state where water can flow from the bottom to the top. It becomes. Further, the raw water in the raw water chamber 71 is evenly distributed only to the five filtration chambers 70 excluding the backwash target filtration chamber 70. Therefore, when the state for backwashing is formed, as schematically shown in FIG. 14, the filtration from the five filtration chambers 70 excluding the backwashing target filtration chamber 70 (the left filtration chamber 70 in FIG. 11) is performed. The backwash target filtration chamber 70 is backwashed with water, and the washing waste water flows out through the drain chamber 72 and the drain pipe 83.

  The control device that has finished the first control process waits for the backwash time set in advance as the time for performing the backwash. Then, when the backwash time has elapsed, the control device changes the above-described first control process from the filtration chamber 70 that communicates with the drainage chamber 72 to another filtration chamber 70 that is not yet backwashed. Wait for the backwash time to elapse.

  The control device repeats the above processing until the backwashing of all the filtration chambers 70 is completed. Then, when the backwashing of all the filtration chambers 70 is completed, the control device controls the valves 75 to 77 so that “the filtered water valve 76 is closed, the drainage valve 77 is opened, and each three-way valve 75 is opened. Forms a wastewater state in which the filtration chamber 70 and the raw water chamber 71 communicate with each other. When this state for wastewater is formed, as shown in FIG. 15, filtered water from the six filtration chambers 70 of the pressure filtration device 2 flows out from the drainage pipe 83 through the wastewater pipe 82. It becomes like this.

  Thereafter, the control device waits for a preset time (for example, 10 minutes) to elapse, and when the time elapses, the filtered water valve 76 opens and the drain valve 77 closes. The filtered water valve 76 and the waste water valve 77 are controlled. That is, the control device performs control for returning the pressure filtration device 2 to a state in which the raw water is filtered (the state in which the filtered water from the six filtration chambers 70 flows out from the filtered water port 81d). And the control apparatus which complete | finished the said control will be in the state which complete | finishes the control process for backwashing and is monitoring that the backwashing start conditions are satisfy | filled.

  As described above, the pressure filtration device 2 according to the present embodiment includes the six filtration chambers 70 arranged in a circle and the raw water chamber 71 arranged in the center of the filtration chamber 70. ing. And in the pressure type filtration apparatus 2, the raw | natural water in the raw | natural water chamber 71 is supplied to the raw | natural water inlet 70a of each filtration chamber 70 by the piping system of the same structure. Therefore, in the pressure type filtration device 2, a substantially uniform amount of raw water is supplied to each filtration chamber 70 during the filtration step.

  Moreover, the pressure type filtration apparatus 2 has the water purification chamber 73 which can function as a filtrate water path which introduces the filtrate from filtration chambers 70 other than the backwash object filtration chamber 70 into the filtrate outlet 70b of the backwash object filtration chamber 70. Prepare. This water purification chamber 73 is provided in the center part of the six filtration chambers 70, and the filtrate outlet 70b of each filtration chamber 70 is connected with the water purification chamber 73 by the piping of the same shape. Therefore, in the pressure type filtration apparatus 2, substantially the same amount of filtered water is supplied to each filtration chamber 70 during the backwashing process.

<Deformation>
The pressure-type filtration device according to each embodiment has six filtration chambers and is configured as a device in which one filtration chamber is back-washed during the backwashing process. At the time of development, the flow rate required for backwashing (hereinafter referred to as backwashing flow rate) is 1000 m / day, and the filtration rate during the backwashing step (hereinafter referred to as filtration rate during the backwashing step) is 200 m. This is because it is assumed to be / day. That is, when the backwashing flow rate and the filtration rate during the backwashing process are the above values, the flow rate (filtered water amount) necessary for backwashing of one filtration chamber can be secured with filtrated water from the five filtration chambers. Therefore, the pressure-type filtration device according to each embodiment has six filtration chambers and is configured as a device in which one filtration chamber is backwashed during the backwashing process. The number may not be six, and the number of filtration chambers backwashed during the backwashing process may not be one.

  Specifically, the value of “backwash flow rate / backwash step filtration rate” varies depending on the application of the pressure filtration device (filter medium in each filtration chamber). Therefore, for example, when the backwash flow rate is 1000 m / day and the filtration rate during the backwash process is 500 m / day, the number of filtration chambers that serve as the source of filtered water for backwashing during backwashing is 2N. (N is a natural number), and the number of filtration chambers backwashed during backwashing may be N. In addition, when the value of “backwash flow rate / filtration rate during backwash process” is approximately 3, the number of filtration chambers to be the source of filtered water for backwashing during backwashing is 3N, and backwashing is performed. The number of filtration chambers back-washed during the process may be set to N.

  In addition, if the pressure type filtration apparatus 2 which concerns on 2nd Embodiment changes the control content with respect to the six three-way valve 75, even if it does not change a structure, the two filtration chambers 70 will be backwashed simultaneously at the time of a backwashing process. It can be operated in the form. Moreover, changing the pressure type filtration apparatus 1 which concerns on 1st Embodiment into the apparatus by which the two filtration chambers 12 are backwashed simultaneously at the time of a backwashing process, for example, showed the valve body 40 in FIG. It can be realized by changing to a valve body 40 ′ having a shape, that is, a valve body 40 ′ having four raw water flow paths 41 a and two washing drainage flow paths 41 b provided therein.

  As described above, in the pressure type filtration device 1, the diameter of the raw water outlet 32b is approximately 2.5 times the diameter of the raw water inlet 32a, and the inner diameter of the washing drainage channel 41b of the valve body 40 is The switching valve 30 is used which is approximately 2.5 times the inner diameter of the raw water channel 41a. Such a switching valve 30 is used in the pressure filtration device 1 because of the backwashing process due to the flow resistance of the washing drainage channel 41b and the raw water outlet 32b (see FIG. 9) during the backwashing process. This is to prevent the amount of filtered water flowing back in the target filtration chamber 12 from being limited. Further, in order to allow the required amount of filtered water to flow back through the filtration chamber 12 during the backwashing step, the cross-sectional area ratio between the washing drainage channel 41b and the raw water channel 41a may be larger / smaller than those described above. good.

  The pressure filtration device 2 according to the second embodiment may be modified to a pressure filtration device 2 ′ having the configuration shown in FIG. That is, the pressure type filtration device 2 may be modified to a pressure type filtration device 2 ′ in which two two-way valves 75 a and 75 b are used instead of the three-way valves 75.

  Moreover, you may deform | transform the pressure type filtration apparatuses 1 and 2 into the apparatus in which the drain pipe 24 and the filtrate water pipe 22b, the drain pipe 83, and the filtrate water pipe 81a are not double pipes.

  Further, the pressure filtration device 2 may be modified to a device in which the switching valve 30 is used instead of the six three-way valves 75 and the drain chamber 72. When the pressure filtration device 2 is modified to such a device, as shown in FIG. 18, the raw water in the raw water chamber 71 flows into the switching valve main body 30a from each raw water inlet 32a. After that, each raw water outlet 32b of the switching valve main body 30a is connected to the raw water inlet 70a of each filtration chamber 70 by piping, and the opening 32c of the switching valve main body 30a is connected to the drain pipe 83. It ’s fine.

  The arrangement of the plurality of filtration chambers (12, 70) of the pressure filtration devices 1 and 2 may not be a perfect circle as long as the arrangement is substantially circular. Therefore, you may deform | transform the filtration apparatus main body 10 (refer FIG. 2) of the pressure-type filtration apparatus 1 into what was equipped with the outline 10a of the shape which is not cylindrical. Further, the pressure filtration device 2 may be modified into a device in which the distance from the raw water chamber 71 of some filtration chambers 70 is larger / smaller than the distance from the raw water chamber 71 of other filtration chambers 70. Moreover, the several filtration chamber of the pressure type filtration apparatus 1 and 2 does not need to be arrange | positioned at equiangular intervals. Accordingly, the pressure filtration device 1 may be deformed into a semicircular or fan-shaped device as viewed from the upper surface side of the filtration device main body 10 (outer shell 10a). Moreover, you may deform | transform the pressure filtration apparatus 2 into the apparatus by which the some filtration chamber 70 is arrange | positioned at circular arc shape, such as semicircle shape.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1, 2 ... Pressure-type filtration apparatus 10 ... Filtration apparatus main body 10a ... Outer 11, 71 ... Raw water chamber 12a ... Filter medium 12, 70 ... Filtration chamber 13, 73 ... Purified water Chamber 15 ... Catchment plate (filtered water outlet)
18 ... maintenance port 20, 80 ... raw water pipe 22a-22c, 81a, 81b ... filtered water pipe 22d ... filtered water outlet 23, 82 ... waste water pipe 24, 83 ... drain pipe 27 , 76: Filtration water valve 28, 77 ... Waste water valve 30 ... Switching valve 30a ... Switching valve body 30b ... Drive unit 31, 50 ... Housing 32a ... Original Water inlet 32b ... Raw water outlet 32c ... Opening 38a, 51a ... Compressed air inlet 38 ... Isolation plate 40 ... Valve element 41a ... Raw water channel 41b ... Washing Flow path for drainage 45 ... Stem 52 ... Cylinder part 53 ... Piston 54 ... Cam follower 60 ... Shaft part 61 ... Cam groove 70a ... Raw water inlet 70b ... Filtration water flow Exit 70c ... Catchment plate 72 And drainage chamber 75 ... the three-way valve 75a, 75b ··· two-way valve

Claims (3)

A plurality of filtration chambers arranged in a circle and having filter media inside;
A raw water distribution unit, which is disposed in the center of the plurality of filtration chambers in a plan view, and from which the raw water to be filtered is supplied from the outside;
A flow path system connecting the raw water inlets of the plurality of filtration chambers and the raw water distribution unit, the first state distributing and supplying the raw water in the raw water distribution unit to the raw water inlets of the plurality of filtration chambers; A second state in which the raw water inlet of the filtration chamber to be backwashed and the drain pipe are connected, and the raw water in the raw water distributor is distributed and supplied only to the raw water inlet of the filtration chamber other than the filtration chamber to be backwashed; A flow path system that can take
A water purification chamber into which filtrate from the filtrate outlets of the plurality of filtration chambers flows, and the filtrate from a filtration chamber other than the filtration chamber to be backwashed is supplied to the filtrate outlet of the filtration chamber to be backwashed. A water purification chamber functioning as a filtered water path to be introduced;
Equipped with a,
The plurality of filtration chambers, the raw water distribution section and the water purification chamber are provided in a filter body,
The plurality of filtration chambers have a shape in which a portion excluding the raw water distribution section and the water purification chamber in the filter body is divided radially evenly from the center of the filter body.
A pressure filtration device characterized by that. The flow path system is an individual flow path system provided for each filtration chamber for selectively connecting the raw water inlet of the filtration chamber to either the raw water distribution section or the drain pipe. The pressure filtration apparatus according to claim 1, comprising an individual flow path system including one or more valve devices. The pressure filter according to claim 1 , wherein the filter body has a circular cross section in plan view.

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