JP6566341B2 - Gas exchange device, highly clean room system and building - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a room included in a building such as a house or a building in which a person carries out daily life / activity such as sleeping, relaxing, working, and laboring, and the volume ratio of the living / active space to the entire building Without lowering the number of dust particles such as dust and fungus inside, can be maintained below a certain level, or clean air (air) environment without these contamination from the outside can be realized, living, recreation, experiment, The present invention relates to a highly clean room system suitable for use as a place for manufacturing / painting work, nursing activities, medical / dental treatment, a manufacturing method thereof, a building, and a wall suitable for these.

  With the development of computer technology, human beings have realized an unprecedented advanced and convenient environment for information processing / communication environment, which is an exciting and satisfactory environment for the brain. However, on the other hand, the environment for the body is not always good in the modern society because of the increase of pollutants, dust in the air, floating infectious bacteria, etc. 1

  A clean environment has traditionally existed as large-scale semiconductor manufacturing. However, this is for professional use, that is, for industrial use, and has not been introduced for so-called consumer use used for ordinary houses. In the 21st century, the importance of the environment has increased as the personal computer erupted in the world of computers, with the distinction of “Computer for the rest of us”, in line with the large computer mainframe for business. As it grows, the “clean environment version” of personal computers may appear. In fact, the personal clean space at the opposite end of the “mainframe”, which is a large-scale clean room that has been improved for a long time, is not limited to pure consumer use. In the future, the risk of infectious diseases such as hospitals and nursing facilities will be avoided. It becomes important in important situations. Bringing a clean space to the consumer world is very important, beyond “the rest of us” and “for all of us”. However, as described below, it is not easy to introduce such a personal clean environment that is in line with the conventional clean room into a general living environment. Corresponding to vacuum chambers [with respect to the control of encapsulated gas molecules], which enabled scientific development and advanced industrial technology, [airborne] (from dust to microbe) It is imposed on us to establish a scalable, high-performance “air environment control device”, from zeroing substances, so that only the desired ones can be controlled to the appropriate concentration. It is an urgent need. This makes it possible to develop bioscience and advance medical, medical and nursing industry technologies. In particular, it will become more and more important in the future to control the air environment including the PM2.5 problem and the microbial environment (microvial environment) in the living space.

Let's take a look at a traditional house. FIG. 54 is a perspective view showing an example. FIG. 55 is a view showing a cross section of another example of a conventional general house.
As shown in FIG. 54, a house 100 has a living part 105 formed on a foundation 104 surrounded by a wall 101, and a roof 103 is formed so as to cover the upper part of the living part 105. , Preventing entry of dust and the like. At least one of the walls 101 has a window 102. As shown in FIG. 55, this house 100 has a living part 105 formed on the foundation 104 and surrounded by the wall 101 in the same manner as described above. Is provided with a roof 103 so as to cover the entire living part 105. Further, two spaces of a ceiling back 107b and a floor 107a are provided between the living portion 105 and the roof 103, and between the living portion 105 and the foundation 104, respectively. Has the role of

  The living part 105 is configured by being surrounded by a plurality of walls 101. For example, the living part 105 is configured by surrounding the wall 101 as a plurality of side walls, a ceiling wall, a floor wall, and the like. The living part 105 is divided by, for example, a partition wall 101d provided in the living part 105, thereby forming a room 105a, a corridor 105b, and the like, and a space surrounded by the room 105a becomes a living space 106. The partition wall 101d has a door 108. The living space 106 is laid out so as to be as large as possible. Outside air is introduced into the living space 106 and the external space from, for example, the under floor 107a and the ceiling back 107b, and the inside of the room and the outside are basically in air conduction. Is in a state.

Next, consider the walls that partition the living space. 56 is a perspective view showing an example of construction of a conventional general wall of a house, and FIGS. 57 and 58 are perspective views showing examples of construction of a wall of an apartment or a building.
As shown in FIG. 56, the wall 101 is reinforced by providing the inner wall 101a and the outer wall 101b facing each other at a predetermined interval, and providing a spacer column 108 in a space between the inner wall 101a and the outer wall 101b. The remaining space is almost completely filled with the heat insulating material 109 without a gap. Since the wall 101 has such a structure, the weight can be reduced, and the wall structure can be solid and the wall structure can be maintained while enhancing the heat insulating and soundproofing effects. As shown in FIG. 57, in this example of the wall 101, a heat insulating material is provided between the outer wall 101b made of concrete having a reinforcing bar 110 inside and the inner wall 101a provided with wallpaper 101c. 109 is filled without a gap. As shown in FIG. 58, also in this example, a wall 101 having a reinforcing bar 110 is provided on a floor slab 111, and the wall 101 has a solid structure filled with contents. Thus, the walls of buildings such as conventional houses, condominiums and buildings generally have a solid structure like a solid wall. On the other hand, in order to reduce the weight of a single wall, a thin inner wall may be provided for a thin outer wall in a house or the like. However, in order to enhance the effects of ensuring the strength of the wall, heat insulation, soundproofing, etc., conventionally, the outer wall and the inner wall are filled with reinforcing material, heat insulating material, etc. without gaps, and even in this case, a multilayer structure is often used. Basically, it has a solid structure filled with contents. In addition, the conventional hollow wall, for example, has a strong meaning to make the wall as light as possible in order to reduce the total weight of the upper room in wooden buildings such as 2 stories, 3 stories, etc. In the past, nothing has been actively used to improve the cleanliness of the room in contact with the wall.

  On the other hand, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism has been promoting the promotion of housing that takes advantage of the locality to take a step forward from the general situation of conventional housing described above. In addition, the Forestry Agency has begun to support the construction of houses using local materials, and has turned to energy-saving houses and long-term excellent houses. In addition, the reevaluation of Makabe and Japanese roof tiles, which are suitable for Japan's climate and cultivated over a history of more than a few hundred years, is increasing. There are four standards for long-term excellent homes derived from accumulated technology: earthquake resistance, degradation countermeasures, energy savings, and maintenance management (see Non-Patent Document 1, for example). In response, the concept of energy-saving smart houses came out from Japanese housing manufacturers (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 2 and Non-Patent Document 3). On the other hand, the importance of housing that allows wind passage is pointed out.

  However, the concept of this smart house is mainly energy management mainly for electric power, and the concept of wind passage improvement is limited to presentation mainly from the viewpoint of air conditioning such as cool wind control.

  In general houses and offices in buildings, a clean environment is becoming increasingly important and demand is increasing. The reason is that it is highly necessary to remove and control these causative substances promptly even if they are brought into the house in response to flu epidemics as well as measures against hay fever.

  However, as can be seen from the above situation, the innovative and essential performance of the room did not remain. In principle, it is desired that the volume ratio of a room, which is a living / activity space for the entire building, be as large as possible while maintaining the robustness of the room. It is in a state where air flows in and out, that is, as an internal and external mass flow. For this reason, the cleanliness of the room is basically in equilibrium with that of the outside world, and unfortunately remains almost equal to that of the outside world or slightly better than that without exhaust gas, smoke, or dust.

  In such a situation, the smart house concept, which is the above-mentioned excellent technical concept, may be mistaken for the signboard collapse, and it is considerably difficult to improve the quality of life. However, in Japan, where the proportion of old people is increasing, and in other countries around the world, the situation that requires a clean environment is expected to become more and more unsatisfactory.

  For example, patients with allergic diseases such as asthma and atopic dermatitis have been increasing in recent years, and asthma due to allergic airway inflammation is caused by various stimuli such as antigens and pathogens entering from the outside. It is believed that It has been pointed out that the onset of asthma may be related to the vulnerability of airway epithelial cell barrier function. The barrier function of the airway epithelium is defined by the three-dimensional structure of the cell and the function of the protein that connects the cells. When the barrier function is fragile, substances are more likely to enter from outside than usual, and the inflammation reaction of the airway epithelium becomes even more intense. Airway epithelial cells of patients with weak barrier function are damaged by repeated virus infection and inflammation, and repair is not performed normally, resulting in modulation of immune function, expression of hypersensitivity to environmental substances, chronic persistent airway inflammation It is said that structural changes in the airways may have been caused. In this way, it is important for asthmatic allergic airway inflammation sufferers to suppress as much as possible various stimuli such as antigens and pathogens that invade from the outside, not only at the time of hospitalization but also during general life at home. It is. In order to achieve this, it is necessary to greatly clean the air in the living environment, but it takes enormous costs to achieve this goal with current technology. For example, a US209D class 1 (ISO class 3) clean room used for semiconductor processing or the like is a highly clean space called a super clean room. Maintenance is also expensive. In addition, such a clean environment is expected to be a medical environment, particularly prevention of air-borne diseases such as influenza, suppression of hay fever, and recovery of damaged respiratory organs at bedtime at night. Introducing a clean space into a residential room, which is an everyday space for patients with such diseases, and being able to arbitrarily control the on / off of the clean environment. It is important to be able to switch on a scale, and if it can be realized, it is extremely valuable, but unfortunately it is impossible at present.

  Furthermore, in recent years, the spread of hay fever, the possibility of SARS and pandemic influenza epidemics, and the care of vulnerable people such as infants and the elderly have become urgent issues. Also, microbe science and the control of microbe and its environment have recently become increasingly important (Non-patent literature: “The great indoors”, NewScientist, 13 July 2013) No., p.30, Non-patent literature: “Why manners matter”, NewScientist, 21 September 2013, p.28, Non-patent literature: C. Pinke et al., “Insights into the phylogeny and coding potential of microbial dark matter”, Nature 499 (2013) 431). Controlling the air environment, including not only inorganic and organic dust floating in the air, but also the microbial environment in living spaces, has become increasingly important, and the realization of technologies and devices that embody it Is an urgent issue.

  In such a situation, in order to achieve the goal of increasing the cleanliness of the living space, introduction of a so-called clean room can be considered. That is, as described above, in a general house, a room which is a living space is formed by being surrounded by walls, and this room is used as a first-stage structure, and another one is included therein. Create a nested room. By doing so, it is possible to improve the cleanliness in the category of conventional technology by bringing in the normal clean room configuration to the interior space of the nesting that is focused on improving the cleanliness at least. I can do it.

  FIG. 59 is a drawing-substituting photograph showing a typical conventional clean room. FIG. 60 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of this clean room. As shown in FIGS. 59 and 60, this clean room 200 has a double structure in which an existing building 201 is provided as a first stage space and a work room 202 serving as a clean room is provided as a second stage space in a nested structure. Clean room with room. The work room 202 secures a suspension base 204 from a ceiling 203 a that is a surface of the roof 203 of the building 201 on the inner space side, and a reinforcing material is put into the ceiling 206 of the work room 202, whereby pillars are formed inside the work room 202. Create a space without. A fan / filter unit 205 is provided on the ceiling 206 of the work chamber 202, and external air sucked from the inlet 207 and filtered by the fan / filter unit 205 is a clean room from the inlet 208. 202 is introduced. As a result, the pressure inside the work chamber 202 becomes a positive pressure relative to the outside, and the air introduced into the work chamber 202 via the fan / filter unit 205 is relatively discharged from the discharge port 209 together with the dust in the room. The inside of the working chamber 202 is maintained in a highly clean environment of class 1 to 100 by leaking to the outside where the pressure is low. Thus, the clean room 200 has a double ceiling and four side walls. In addition, although not shown here, in a more advanced clean room for semiconductors, the floor is further doubled to realize a higher degree of cleanliness by laminar flow, and to arrange piping and maintenance space under the floor. May be possible. In this case, when the room forming the work chamber 202 is a rectangular parallelepiped, all six surfaces of the rectangular parallelepiped are duplicated. Further, in the conventional clean room, there is a huge space between the outer (first stage) room and the inner (second stage) clean room. From the first-tier room, it is a large area and / or volume loss. Usually, the space between the first and second tiers is used as a maintenance space to reduce the loss in area and / or volume. It is common practice to recover as much as possible.

  As described above, the conventional clean room has a nested work space in the interior space of the building. For this reason, there will be an extra space between the building wall and the wall of the work room for humans to enter. This space is effectively used as a maintenance space or a work space in, for example, a so-called professional use specification used in a semiconductor factory or the like. However, it has been extremely difficult and impractical to introduce the above-described conventional clean room structure into a single room of a private house or building in order to increase the cleanliness by applying it to the consumer. The reason for this is that if this conventional clean room structure is introduced into a general house or the like, the volume ratio of the living / activity space to the entire building is significantly reduced due to the nested structure. Even so, it can be said that it is virtually impossible to introduce a conventional clean room structure into a room of a private house or building in the narrow Japanese housing situation.

  In addition, the example of a futuristic house represented by the above-mentioned smart house has a nested structure that is a double structure in which a room is created in a room like the above-mentioned conventional clean room. It corresponds to a simple single structure that does not. As described above, a clean environment is becoming increasingly important even in such a general house having only a single-layer wall or an office in a building. Furthermore, the further difficulty of introducing the above-mentioned conventional clean room structure into a room of a private house or building is that there is a pressure difference between the room where the clean room structure is introduced and the surrounding rooms in order to increase the cleanliness. It will happen. This means that air containing dust is always leaking from the room being cleaned. It may seem that there is no problem in releasing the air in the room to the outside world, but in Japan with four seasons, the air in the room is discharged to the outside in the summer and winter, regardless of spring or autumn. This means that the same amount is sucked from the outside, so that it is extremely expensive to maintain the room temperature by air conditioning, and it is very difficult to maintain a clean environment. In fact, there is no pressure difference between rooms in the world including Japan, or between rooms and corridors, etc., in order to bring a clean environment to ordinary houses, There is a big unreasonableness to introduce conventional clean room technology.

In particular, a clean room intended for industrial use has four principles, and a high clean environment can be realized by observing these principles. These four principles are:
First, don't bring it in,
Second, do not generate,
Third, do not deposit,
Fourth, eliminate.
That is, the first “not to bring” means that when entering a clean room, for example, materials and equipment must be cleaned and brought in, room pressure control, that is, maintaining airflow from the room to the outside, Entering and exiting can be done through an air shower. The second "Do not generate" includes, for example, wearing a dust-free garment, not using materials and equipment that easily generate dust, and avoiding wasteful movements when working in a clean room. . Third, “do not deposit” includes, for example, providing a curve at the joint between the clean room wall and the floor, creating no litter, designing a structure that is easy to clean, and design without unevenness. . The fourth “exclude” includes, for example, exhausting in the vicinity of the dust generating part in the clean room and eliminating the obstruction of the airflow as much as possible. Of these principles, the first, third and fourth are effective guidelines that can be applied directly to nursing homes, medical / dental treatment rooms as well as general living spaces, and should be observed. However, regarding compliance with the second principle, people are basically dust-free in rooms such as houses, hospitals, or nursing homes where people live and / or do activities such as sleeping, relaxing, working and working internally. Active in ordinary clothes that are not clothes, and the generation of dust inside the room is a very natural consequence of daily life and activities, so suppressing this is a direct conflict with quality of life improvement, Impossible. From this, it can be sufficiently seen that simply applying the conventional clean room technology to a room in a general home, a hospital room or the like is almost completely impossible.

  The fact that a conventional clean room requires the second principle described above, that is, the fact that it is vulnerable to internally generated dust, the fan / filter unit attached to the clean room filters outside air but never generates internally generated dust. This is due to the fact that it is not intended to eliminate the problem. In other words, the principle of the conventional clean room is that clean air obtained by filtering the outside air through the fan / filter unit is introduced into the clean room, and the concentration of dust present in the clean room is reduced by the contribution of the volume of the clean air. By “relatively diluting”, this is achieved by increasing the cleanliness inside the clean room as a result. In other words, the conventional clean room does not actively collect internally generated dust, and the cleanliness is merely increased in a very passive manner with respect to internally generated dust. In such a passive way, in the general house and hospital room where the generation of dust is inevitably generated, or in the work room of the paint factory, these dusts are “open”. It is obvious that it is very difficult to raise the cleanliness of the inside gas by exhausting it to the outside. Furthermore, it goes without saying that it is a good nuisance for the outside. In this sense, the conventional clean room is based on the implicit assumption that the outside world exists as an infinite abandoned place, and it must act on the recognition that even the earth is a finite system due to the dramatic expansion of human activities. This is incompatible with the 21st century view of the environment. From the standpoint of finite system recognition, it is extremely important to realize a clean environment in a self-contained manner, that is, in a self-contained manner without causing trouble to the outside.

  In view of such a situation, the present inventors have proposed a 100% circulation feedback system in order to dramatically improve the cleanliness of the cleanroom with respect to the improvement of cleanliness, which was a problem of the conventional cleanroom, Has shown effectiveness. The 100% circulation feedback system is a gas-tight gas flow path for guiding the gas flowing out from the dust filter to the suction port of the dust filter as a feedback gas flow path, and all the flowing out gas passes through the feedback gas flow path. It is comprised so that it may flow in into the entrance of a dust filter (for example, refer to patent documents 1, 2 and nonpatent literatures 4-6).

However, all of these clean systems function only when placed in a room provided in advance. In terms of cleanliness, the performance was much improved compared to the conventional clean room shown in FIG. 60, but it was used in so-called desktops such as those used on indoor desks. This has a “nested structure” that is placed inside an existing structure, and even if it is scaled up, the life / The problem of significantly reducing the volume ratio of the active space remains.
Thus, since it is a general consumer room, it does not protrude greatly, but there are many needs to make it clean. That is, it is intended to clean the interior of the room without taking the form of an industrial clean room and avoiding a decrease in living space due to the nested structure. Under such needs, as a means to reach and the next best approach, so-called air purifiers are introduced into everyday rooms such as residential rooms and building offices to remove the causative substances. ing. However, the conventional room is a “semi-open system” in which the external space and the room are not completely isolated, or this “semi-open system” image based on the amount of clean air and the ventilation rate of the room. Is a good approximation. That is, most of the air in the room is replaced by the time when the dust in the room is reduced to 1 / e (e is the natural logarithm base) by the cleaner. In addition, it has not always been said that the opening and closing of the doorway has been optimized with respect to the generation of airflow. From these facts, the effect of such an air purifier was limited. In view of the above situation, so-called hay fever and asthma, as well as those with weak environment, including those with reduced immunity in situations where they must undergo artificial dialysis, etc., maintain a high quality of life. In the future, a space with higher cleanliness, for example, a space with less dust, bacteria, smells, etc. will be required. there were. As described above, at present, air cleaners and the like have been introduced into the market, but the realization of a home environment with a clean environment with quantitativeness has not been completed. In geriatric medicine, immunodeficiency countermeasures, etc., the feeling of being in an inorganic clean room is not produced at all. Depending on the specifications, it is desirable to use a space / living environment with class 1 cleanliness, but this has not been possible until now.

Japanese Patent No. 4934406 Japanese Patent No. 44451492 JP 2006-200111 A

“House Culture Newspaper”, No. 21, March 1, 2012, Misawa International Co., Ltd. Sekisui Heim Catalog March 2012. Non-Patent Document 3: Misawa International Co., Ltd. catalog home club 1, vol. 234, January 2012 http://biochemifa.kikkoman.co.jp/products/kit/atpamp/iryou/pdf/24kansan.pdf A. Ishibashi, H. Kaiju, Y. Yamagata and N. Kawaguchi: Electron. Lett. 41, 735 (2005) H. Kaiju, N. Kawaguchi and A. Ishibashi: Rev. Sci. Instrum. 76, 085111 (2005) Satoshi Ishibashi, “Clean System Platform”, Environment and Future to be published (2012) [Search September 30, 2012], Internet <URL: http://www.toyobo.co.jp/seihin/fb/procon/prc_09.pdf)

  As described above, the present situation is that a living space having a cleanliness level of a super clean room can not be realized although it is an ordinary room. Without reducing the floor area or volume ratio of the clean living environment space (room) to the entire building, and without discharging dust from the clean living room to the external space, however, people are allowed to enter the clean living room inside it. Maintaining an environment where daily life and activities can be conducted under conventional practice, and even if there is dust generated inside the room, the interior space of the room is made to US209D class 100 or higher cleanliness There was no clean environment system that could keep active dust removal.

  That is, there has been no clean environment system that can remove dust in the room without reducing the floor area or volume ratio of the room to the entire building and without discharging dust from the clean living room to the external space. . Moreover, even if there is dust generated inside the room while keeping the room in an environment where people can carry out daily life and activities under conventional conventions, the interior space of the room is also US209D There was no clean environment system that could maintain class 100 or better cleanliness. As a matter of course, there has never been a clean environment system having both of these functions. Therefore, first of all, the wall forming the room, especially to prevent the room from being narrowed, the thickness of the wall is not touched, and the internal structure of the wall is not reduced in strength, soundproofing performance and thermal insulation performance. Therefore, it has become necessary to improve performance in order to acquire a clean environment.

  That is, the clean environment is expected to be a medical environment, particularly prevention of airborne diseases such as influenza, suppression of hay fever, recovery of damaged respiratory organs, and the like. However, the concept of smart houses presented by housing manufacturers is mainly energy management mainly for electric power, and the concept of wind path improvement is limited to presentation mainly from the viewpoint of air conditioning such as cool wind control. It was. In addition, bringing a clean room into a room of a general house is enormously expensive and brings in a nested structure, which is unacceptable in terms of inorganic appearance, interior, and space. If the clean room structure described above is brought into an ordinary house or office of a building as it is, a reduction in living space due to the introduction of the nested structure and a pressure difference between the inside and outside of the room will occur as described above. There was an inconvenience of unnecessary dust movement such as discharge.

  That is, as described above, it is unacceptable to increase the cleanliness of a part as a result of causing a pressure difference between one room of a house / house and the other part. This is because moving the dust and germs in one room to other places in the house deteriorates the cleanliness of the room, thereby hindering the well-being of the people living and working there. Therefore, conventionally, an air purifier has been introduced into a room as a method for avoiding such a situation and maintaining cleanliness while maintaining a normal room. However, even if an air purifier is introduced into a room, the qualitative cleanliness compared to the normal environment (or quantitatively, dust reduction to about 1 to 1/10) Even though the improvement was sought, no significant improvement, which was quantitatively discussed, was a reduction in dust to a thousandth or less (an improvement in cleanliness of 1000 times or more).

  In addition, the inner wall of a conventional clean room is made up of a smooth resin wall to suppress dust generation inside the clean room. To apply such an inorganic room to a general residential room as it is. It is impossible. In other words, bringing a clean room structure into an everyday space, such as a residential room or a building office, and running a natural daily life without stress are incompatible. Thus, the living space that looks like a normal room cannot actually be made as clean as a super clean room of the same class as the class 1 from the hospital aseptic room (US209D class 100) class.

  Therefore, the problem to be solved by the present invention is that it does not cause a special increase in the space and structural load on the building structure, and on the contrary, it does not differ from a normal room in appearance and appearance. This is to realize the living space itself as a clean space of class 100 or higher. In addition, there is no problem of pressure difference between a certain room of a house / house and other parts of the house, which is caused by using conventional clean room technology, and the cleanliness of the room is improved. is there. In addition, by actively collecting the dust generated inside by the fan / filter unit attached to the room, the generated dust is scattered outside the room, causing inconvenience to people living outside the room. It is to eliminate the situation. In addition, a room where people in Japan and around the world live, work, treat, and protect without changing the conventional housing habit of “no difference in pressure inside and outside the room” For example, it is to provide a highly clean room system that can always maintain high air cleaning performance of, for example, class 1 or higher, and that can comfortably and comfortably live and operate, and a manufacturing method thereof.

  In addition, another problem to be solved by the present invention is that people in Japan and the world live, work, while maintaining the conventional residence habit of `` no pressure difference inside and outside the room '' Or to provide a building where the room being treated or cared for can, for example, always maintain a class 1 or higher high air-cleaning performance and can live and operate comfortably and comfortably. .

  Still another problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a wall suitable for use in this highly clean room system.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a highly functional room system that realizes a new functional wall and can live and operate comfortably and comfortably based on this wall is provided by a new technology of isobaric cleaning.
That is, this invention
A room wall having an internal space into which outside air can be introduced,
A vent that communicates the exterior and the interior space on the end face of the wall;
The wall is characterized in that at least one of the main surfaces forming the internal space has a film that does not allow dust particles to pass therethrough and allows gas molecules to pass therethrough.

In addition, this invention
Have at least one room,
At least one of the walls constituting the room is a wall for a room having an internal space into which outside air can be introduced, and has a vent hole that communicates the outside and the internal space on an end surface of the wall, At least one of the main surfaces forming the space does not pass through dust particles, and has a membrane through which gas molecules pass,
The interior of the room has a living space that is a closed space, and the living space does not enter and exit as an air flow between the inside and the outside, and the wall is in the internal space, and the wall Outside air is introduced from an external space surrounding the room through a vent, and the room is provided with a first fan / filter unit provided with a blowout port so that gas is sent into the living space. At least one opening corresponding to the inlet of the first fan / filter unit is provided in at least one of the side walls of the room, and all of the gas flowing out from the outlet into the living space is It is configured to pass through an opening, pass through a gas flow path that communicates the suction port and the opening with airtightness, and returns to the first fan / filter unit.
The room is provided with an entrance / exit configured to be able to enter / exit the living space.

In addition, this invention
Have at least one room,
At least one of the walls constituting the room is a wall for a room having an internal space into which outside air can be introduced, and has a vent hole that communicates the outside and the internal space on an end surface of the wall, At least one of the main surfaces forming the space does not pass through dust particles, and has a membrane through which gas molecules pass,
The interior of the room has a living space that is a closed space, and the living space does not enter and exit as an air flow between the inside and the outside, and the wall is in the internal space, and the wall Outside air is introduced from an external space surrounding the room through a vent, and the room is provided with a first fan / filter unit provided with a blowout port so that gas is sent into the living space. At least one opening corresponding to the inlet of the first fan / filter unit is provided in at least one of the side walls of the room, and all of the gas flowing out from the outlet into the living space is It is configured to pass through an opening, pass through a gas flow path that communicates the suction port and the opening with airtightness, and returns to the first fan / filter unit.
The building is characterized in that the room is provided with an entrance configured to allow entry into and exit from the living space.

In addition, this invention
Have at least one room,
At least one of the walls constituting the room is a wall for a room having an internal space into which outside air can be introduced, and has a vent hole that communicates the outside and the internal space on an end surface of the wall, At least one of the main surfaces forming the space does not pass through dust particles, and has a membrane through which gas molecules pass,
Inside the room, an opening for taking in the room air and a blowout port for returning the entire amount of the suction air to the inside of the room again after cleaning is provided as a pair. It is a highly clean room system.

In addition, this invention
Have at least one room,
At least one of the walls constituting the room is a wall for a room having an internal space into which outside air can be introduced, and has a vent hole that communicates the outside and the internal space on an end surface of the wall, At least one of the main surfaces forming the space does not pass through dust particles, and has a membrane through which gas molecules pass,
The interior of the room has a living space that is a closed space, and the living space does not enter and exit as an air flow between the inside and the outside, and the wall is in the internal space, and the wall Outside air is introduced from an external space surrounding the room through a vent, and the room is provided with a first fan / filter unit provided with a blowout port so that gas is sent into the living space. At least one opening corresponding to the inlet of the first fan / filter unit is provided in at least one of the side walls of the room, and all of the gas flowing out from the outlet into the living space is It is configured to pass through an opening, pass through a gas flow path that communicates the suction port and the opening with airtightness, and returns to the first fan / filter unit.
When the volume of the living space is V, the diffusion constant of oxygen in the film of the wall is D, and the thickness of the film is L, the volume V and the area A of the film are expressed as {(V / A ) / (D / L)} to design and manufacture the room by scaling the room.

  A room is comprised by the enclosure which comprises closed space, and, specifically, a room of a building etc. are mentioned, for example. Buildings include, for example, detached rooms, apartments, condominiums, buildings, hospitals, movie theaters, nursing homes, schools, nurseries, kindergartens, gymnasiums, factories, painting rooms, lacquered rooms, and all other rooms that support human activities. Can be mentioned. The room can also be applied to, for example, a room inside a mobile body having an internal space, and examples of the mobile body include an automobile, an ambulance, an airplane, a passenger train, a passenger bus, a yacht cabin, and a passenger ship. It is done.

  The fact that there is no air flow between the inside and the outside of the room means that, for example, the air flow relating to the room is strictly zero during the operation of the highly clean room system. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and includes, for example, taking in and out a flow of clean air having a flow rate much lower than the air flow rate of 100% circulation feedback in a highly clean room. Further, the absence of a net air flow between the inside and the outside of the room includes, for example, that the inside and outside of the room are at the same pressure.

  The entrance / exit is not basically limited as long as a person or the like can enter and exit, but preferably has a structure capable of shutting off the living space and the outside by opening and closing. Moreover, entering / exiting the entrance / exit is not limited to a person, For example, a small animal etc. may be sufficient. Examples of the entrance / exit include a door, a door, and the like, and specifically, an open door, a sliding door, a retracting door, a glide slide entrance / exit, a folding door, a slide shutter, a take-up shutter, and the like. Further, the doorway may be automatic or manual, for example.

  The wall is basically not limited as long as it is a wall, plate, or the like that delimits the closed space that constitutes the room, and examples thereof include a ceiling wall, a side wall, a floor wall, and a partition. The configuration of the wall is not basically limited, and examples thereof include a single layer structure and a multilayer structure made of the same material, and a multilayer structure made of different materials. Further, for example, a wall whose strength is increased by putting a brace inside, or by inserting a metal material having a U-shaped cross section, an H-shaped cross section, or a C-shaped cross section inside is also used. Further, the material constituting the wall preferably has a certain degree of rigidity when the wall is constituted, and examples thereof include concrete, metal, brick, wood, pulp material, resin, gypsum, glass, and composite material. However, the wall is not limited to these, and the wall may be, for example, a vinyl sheet / tube composite that can support the housing with air sealing.

  The partition is basically not limited as long as it is provided so as to partition the interior of the room, and examples thereof include a ceiling board and a partition wall.

  The living space is basically not limited as long as it is a space isolated from the outside world. For example, it is preferable that the living space has a size in which living creatures can live. Moreover, it is more preferable that it has a size in which a human can live. Examples of organisms include animals, plants, and the like, and specifically, humans, dogs and cats that are small animals, and foliage plants that are small plants. If the living space is, for example, a pet room where small animals inhabit, it may have a volume sufficient for the small animals to inhabit. In this case, even if a small animal such as a pet is allowed to live, it can be used as a small room that does not smell and does not float bacteria, that is, does not cause any harm even if it resides in a room where humans live. Of course, the oxygen concentration in the living space always exceeds 18%, more preferably 19% or more of the room side wall so that it always exceeds the legally stipulated value so that humans can live. Set the capacity of part of the gas exchange membrane. In addition, the living space can be configured to have a main room and a front room which are independent rooms. The front room is a room that enters before entering the main room. This front room is a closed space that can be accessed, for example, formed by providing a partition in the living space so as to face the entrance. Moreover, this partition is provided with an entrance and exit, and it can go back and forth between the living space which is the main room and the front room. In addition, the front chamber has a second fan / filter unit provided with an outlet so that there is no air flow between the inside and the outside of the front chamber and the gas is sent to the inside of the front chamber. Provided. In addition, at least one opening corresponding to the suction port of the second fan / filter unit is provided in the lower portion of the side wall of the front chamber, and the gas flowing out from the outlet of the second fan / filter unit into the front chamber. Passes through the opening, and passes through the second gas flow path that connects the opening and the opening of the second fan / filter unit in an airtight manner, and then passes through the second fan / filter. Configured to reflux to unit. By being comprised in this way, it becomes possible to go in and out between living space and the exterior of the said room by the doorway and the doorway provided in the said partition. The entrance / exit provided in the partition is not basically limited and can be configured in the same manner as the above entrance / exit, but is preferably a sliding door, and at least a part of the gas does not pass through dust particles. The molecules are preferably composed of a permeable membrane.

  The internal space is basically not limited as long as it is a space formed inside the wall. For example, a single wall surface (panel) having a hollow structure, an outer wall of a room, and an inner wall provided inside the room Closed space formed by being sandwiched between and. The internal space may be formed by additionally installing a partition such as a panel in the room, or may be formed using a wall already provided in an existing room. Specific examples of the wall constituting the internal space include a hollow wall. The hollow wall is basically not limited as long as at least a part of the wall has a hollow part. For example, gas is moved from the upper end to the lower end of the wall in at least a part of the wall. It is preferable to have a hollow part capable of carrying a duct capable of moving gas from the upper end to the lower end of the wall or a structure having an equivalent function. For example, it is preferable that it is a hollow wall which has the penetration part which leads to the side part which opposes from one side part of a wall. The penetrating portion is basically not limited as long as the penetrating portion is provided on at least a part of the side surface of the wall. It is preferable that a part is provided. Specific examples of the hollow wall include those having a cylindrical shape, and those having a rectangular cross section are preferable. Moreover, it is preferable to arrange | position the wall which includes the wall provided with the bracing | casing and the pillar provided with the metal material which has a U-shaped cross section in walls other than a hollow wall among side walls. Moreover, the hollow wall may be comprised with the single material, for example, and may be comprised with the some material. When the hollow wall is composed of a plurality of materials, for example, it is preferable that the outer wall and the inner wall are provided facing each other at a predetermined interval, and the space formed by the outer wall and the inner wall is a hollow portion. By using the wall already provided, the existing room can be made into a highly clean room system without narrowing the living space.

  The fan / filter unit is a dust filter having blowing power, and the dust filter means a dust filter itself using a filter medium. In particular, this filter regulates that the dust filter is accompanied by blowing power. Yes, specifically, a blower fan is provided outside the dust filter, either integrally with the dust filter, or in the middle of the gas flow path where the dust filter is placed, away from the dust filter. This means that the fan has blowing power.

  Hereinafter, an airtight gas flow path for guiding the gas flowing out from the dust filter to the suction port of the dust filter is referred to as a feedback gas flow path as necessary. The gas flowing in the feedback gas flow path basically does not generate a macro mass flow that penetrates a film that does not allow 100% of the dust particles to pass through. Therefore, the dust particles enter the room from the outside of the room. The cleanliness inside the room is not deteriorated.

The membrane that allows gas molecules to pass through without passing through the dust particles is basically not limited as long as it is a wall that allows gas molecules to pass through without passing through the dust particles between the spaces separated by this film. The gas molecules can be exchanged through this membrane when there is a difference in the partial pressures of the gas components constituting the air on both sides of the membrane even if the pressure difference in the space separating the membranes through which the gas molecules pass is zero It is preferable that For this reason, the film that allows gas molecules to pass through without passing through dust particles can be, for example, a partition wall that allows gas molecules to pass through without passing through dust particles. Here, “the dust fine particles do not pass” includes not only the case where the dust fine particles do not pass completely (100%) but also the case where the dust fine particles do not pass strictly 100% (the same applies hereinafter). More specifically, the dust fine particle rejection rate (transmittance) is not 100% (0%), but is at least 90% (10% or less), preferably 99% for particles having a particle size of 10 μm or more. (1%) or less. Specific examples of the membrane through which gas molecules pass without passing through dust particles include, for example, a gas exchange membrane, a planar structure having a two-dimensional structure obtained by weaving a gas exchange membrane, and the like. The membrane is preferably, for example, a dustproof filter material, shoji paper, non-woven fabric, a shoji paper-like membrane having a gas exchange function, or a bellows-like structure obtained by folding such a membrane. The material constituting the gas exchange membrane is preferably made of, for example, a lot of network structures, and more preferably has many through holes, indentations, closed spaces, and the like. If there is a difference in the concentration of the constituent molecules in the gas that occupies the space on both sides partitioned by the gas exchange membrane, concentration diffusion occurs so that the concentrations on both sides are uniform. Specifically, as a material constituting the gas exchange membrane, for example, synthetic fibers such as polyester or acrylic, and cellulose fibers such as pulp and rayon can be used. The gas exchange membrane can converge the constituent molecule concentration of the room gas to almost the same value as that of the external gas through the membrane even if the gas does not move as a mass due to the above action. . These breathable materials have an air permeability (permeability) of 1 to 100 [l / (m ² · s)], typically 30 to 70 [l / (m ² · s)] at a pressure difference of 196 Pa. Have. Details thereof will be described later. The two-dimensional structure is not basically limited as long as it is a structure having a two-dimensional expansion as a whole. Specifically, for example, the surface area is microscopically. As an entire structure having an expanded structure, a planar structure, a structure having a surface area expanding structure such as ninety-nine folds repeatedly nested, and the like can be given.

  The high-clean room system is basically not limited as long as it has at least one sealable closed space, but preferably has a volume that can accommodate a small animal, for example, It is more preferable to have a volume sufficient for living. Further, for example, in order to constantly maintain high cleanliness, it is preferable to have at least two sealable closed spaces, and for example, it is configured by two chambers, a front chamber and a main chamber. The front room is, for example, a room where a person or the like enters and exits from the outside. The main room is provided in contact with the front room, for example, and is a room in which a person or the like can enter and exit only from the front room. Both the front room and the main room are configured as a closed space that can be sealed with a room. A fan / filter unit and a feedback gas flow path are provided in the front chamber and the main chamber, and it is preferable that these are independently provided in each closed space.

In the highly clean room of the present invention, if the dust particle density inside the room is n (t), the desorption rate of the dust particles per unit area / unit time is σ, and the dust collection efficiency of the HEPA filter is γ, the closed space If the flow in the chamber is not uniform and is location dependent, the dust particle density n (t) is a function of the location, and the dust particle desorption rate σ per unit area and unit time is also the most commonly Think of as a function. At this time, no dust is generated or disappeared in the closed space V of interest, and the dust particle density n (x ₀ , t) at the time t in the position vector x ₀ in the closed space V The change is determined by the propagation of the influence from the inside of the closed space, that is, the wall surface in the room,
Satisfies the differential equation

Here, the vector x ′ _s is a position vector corresponding to the inner surface of the closed space. Similarly, a position vector corresponding to a portion corresponding to the inlet for the fan / filter unit is x ′ _inlet , and a position vector corresponding to a portion corresponding to the _outlet is x ′ _outlet . G (x, x ′, t) is a propagation function indicating that the generation or disappearance of dust at the position x ′ affects the position x mainly by propagation due to gas flow and propagation due to diffusion. f _in represents the wind speed at the inlet of the fan / filter unit, and f _out represents the wind speed at the outlet of the fan / filter unit.

Here, the volume of the clean space, that is, the closed space inside the room is V, the inner area of the closed space is S, the dust density of the installation environment (that is, outside air) of the highly clean environment system is N ₀ , the air volume is F, and the fan -If the air flow in the closed space V is uniform everywhere caused by the filter unit and there is no place dependence, each term of the formula (1) is
Respectively, and formula (1) becomes
Only the time is a function. At this time, the solution of this equation is
It is. Therefore, when a sufficient time has passed (t> 10V / γF), in the closed circulation system, regardless of the installation environment,
It has been shown by the inventor in Non-Patent Document 6 that the ultimate cleanliness can be obtained.

On the other hand, in the case of a conventional clean room, the portion of the circulating air volume F ₁ is filtered once each time, and the air volume F ₂ introduced as fresh air from the outside is double filtered and introduced into the interior ( For the sake of simplicity, it is assumed that the collection efficiency is the same, and here again, the air flow in the space V is uniform throughout and there is no place dependency)
Is an equation describing the time variation of the internal dust number density.
The solution of this equation is
It is. The dust density n when sufficient time has passed is γ˜1 when the outflow air flow from the chamber of interest is expressed as F (= F ₁ + F ₂ ).
Can be expressed as

  As can be seen from the comparison between Equation (5) and Equation (8), in the present invention, the parameters governing the cleanliness are completely different from those of the conventional clean unit. An important factor in the performance of the conventional clean unit is the particle collection efficiency γ of the filter from the above equation (8), which should be as close as possible to 1. This is also clear from the fact that, for example, a general clean unit requires a HEPA filter from a medium performance filter and a ULPA filter from a HEPA filter.

  As described above, in the conventional system, an expensive high-performance filter such as a ULPA filter or a HEPA filter is used because the filter removal capability directly affects the performance of the clean unit. Since one side of this filter is always in contact with the outside air, the filter is clogged. Further, the higher the performance of the filter, the more likely it is to be clogged in a high dust environment, and the air supply efficiency is remarkably reduced. Therefore, the filter is generally replaced in about 2 to 3 years. In order to avoid this clogging, a pre-filter may be provided in front of the filter, but the number of filters increases. The increase in the number of filters is not only a burden in terms of cost and maintenance, but also a new problem such as an increase in power consumption due to an increase in pressure loss on the intake side.

On the other hand, in the highly clean room of the present invention, the particle collection efficiency of the filter is not so dominant. Rather, it is more important for the dust and dust to flow out inside the highly clean room of the present invention. . The ultimate cleanliness in the highly clean room of the present invention is governed only by the interior environment of the room, and as can be seen from the fact that the dust density N _{0 of the} outside air does not appear in Equation (5), the installation environment of the highly clean room of the present invention Has a very favorable characteristic that it is not affected at all. This is an advantage greatly different from the conventional clean room and super clean room. In other words, the highly clean room of the present invention can be applied to any place that can withstand rain and wind, whether in the production line, laboratory, or general living space, unlike the conventional super clean room, which has a high construction cost. Is possible. Further, as can be seen from the mathematical formula (5), it is a great feature that there is almost no deterioration of the cleanliness even if the dust collection efficiency γ is not close to 1. Therefore, even if an inexpensive filter or a filter with a photocatalytic function is used, good cleanliness can be achieved and high performance can be realized.

FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram showing changes in the number of dust particles in the highly clean room of the present invention using a medium performance filter (γ = 0.95) as a dust filter.
As shown in FIG. 15, the number of dust particles in the room (residential space) suddenly decreases to less than 100 in 5 minutes from the start of operation, and the number of dust particles in the room (residential space) in about 40 minutes from the start of operation. Is below 10. As described above, the dust filter used in the highly clean room system of the present invention may have a dust collection efficiency γ such as a 3-nine or 5-nine filter represented by HEPA or ULPA, which is not close to 1. It was shown that there was almost no degradation of cleanliness.

Consider a case where a person or the like is active at an oxygen consumption rate B inside a living space. For the sake of simplicity, the air in the living space and the internal space is agitated quickly enough, and if the gas molecules that make up the air in both interiors are homogenized sufficiently quickly, the spatial coordinate dependence is ignored inside the living space and the internal space. can do. At this time, the volume of oxygen V ₀₂ (t) inside the room at time t, the volume of oxygen when it is in equilibrium with the outside world and no oxygen is consumed inside the room, V ₀₂ , the Avogadro number is N ₀ , and the system is placed. Assuming that the gas volume per mole at a given pressure (˜1 atm) is C, the area of the partition wall is A, and the oxygen flux entering the inside of the enclosure through the partition wall is j.
Holds. Where j is
Given in. Where φ is the number of oxygen molecules per unit volume inside the enclosure, D is the diffusion constant of oxygen in the gas exchange membrane, and when the direction perpendicular to the gas exchange membrane is the x axis, ∇ is the x axis direction Is the differential operator. The enclosure means in this case the interior space of the room or wall. Assuming that the volume of the living space is V and the thickness of the gas exchange membrane is L, L is about three orders of magnitude smaller than the size of the living space and the thickness of the internal space, and can be regarded as extremely thin.
And can be approximated with good accuracy. Note that V ₀₂ (t) / V is the oxygen concentration at time t, and V ₀₂ / V = η ₀ is the oxygen concentration when there is no oxygen consumption inside the room in equilibrium with the outside world.
From now on, differential equations
Is guided. The exact solution of Equation (12) can be obtained immediately, but here we are interested in the solution corresponding to the steady state after a sufficient amount of time, so if the left side is set to 0, the oxygen concentration at time t is
It is obtained. Here, if the oxygen concentration in the room (residential space) is requested to be greater than a certain value η
The required area A is
Is required. Also, Equation (15) shows that the external oxygen concentration is η _o.
Can also be expressed. This shows that A has a certain lower limit to be satisfied as a function of a certain oxygen concentration η to be protected. From Equation (16), it is possible to obtain a guideline that A may be smaller as the oxygen consumption is smaller, the gas exchange membrane is thinner, and the diffusion constant of gas molecules is larger.

In general, when a two-dimensional membrane is provided, the air permeability is defined as the amount of gas that passes through the membrane per unit time and unit area when a certain pressure difference (partial pressure difference) is applied to both sides of the membrane. It has been made to actually measure. Thereby, the above constant D can be obtained. For example, the air permeability of a filter cloth, which is an example of a gas exchange membrane, is 3 [l / (dm ² · min)] to several tens [l / (dm ² · min)] with respect to a pressure difference of 196 Pa (˜200 Pa). (For example, see Non-Patent Document 7. Here, l is a unit of volume, and is liter).

Further, as a high air permeability film, a film of about 70 [l / (m ² · s)] at a pressure difference of 196 Pa has been reported (for example, see Patent Document 3). The target oxygen concentration is required to be about 18% or more in Japan, and it is desirable that the target oxygen concentration be as close to 20.9% as possible. Shoji paper also has different air permeability depending on the paper cutting method, etc., but it is considered that the paper has the same air permeability as described above (more precisely, JIS L1096 air permeability A method (fragile type method)), KES Membranes that allow gas molecules to pass through dust particles that do not pass through dust particles that constitute at least part of the interior space adjacent to the living space using the above analytical formula, for example, gas exchange The area of the membrane can determine the oxygen consumption in the living space and the target oxygen concentration according to Equation (16).

  In addition, in the conventional clean room, the dust generated inside the clean room was passively pushed out, whereas in the highly clean room of the present invention, the dust generated inside is 100% circulating feedback system. By removing it actively, the cleanliness is restored in a short time (for example, at most several times as long as V / γF), and the cleanliness of the living space inside the highly clean room can be maintained stably. Therefore, by applying the highly clean room of the present invention to a general living space where generation of dust is unavoidable in daily life, stable high cleanliness can be obtained inside the living space, and it is very driving It can be a highly clean room system with low cost.

  Here, the filter used in the fan / filter unit may be a filter in which a photocatalytic function filter is combined with the dust filter, or a filter having a function of a photocatalyst is combined with the dust filter. It is effective to use a multi-function filter that has both functions.

  In realizing the above multifunction filter, pay attention to the gas flow in the feedback gas flow path, and arrange the organic substance decomposition mechanism by the photocatalyst upstream of the dust filter, so that it receives clean light and is clean It is possible to prevent the photocatalytic material from flowing into the space.

  That is, the feedback gas flow path according to the present invention is configured so that all of the outflowing gas flows into the dust filter inlet through the gas flow path (hereinafter referred to as a 100% circulation feedback system). By using a multifunction filter having both a dust removing function and a photocatalytic function, the chemical substance concentration can be lowered to the limit. This means that convergence from Equation (1) to Equation (3) is established for dust and bacteria, etc., n in Equation (3) is the chemical substance concentration in the gas, σ is the chemical generation rate, and γ is It can be said that the formula replaced with the chemical decomposition efficiency by the photocatalyst also holds.

  On the other hand, when a photocatalytic function is added to a normal system, outside air is taken in from outside space through a filter and then released to outside space, so the number of times the taken outside air passes through the filter is once or It is limited to several times at most, and the decomposition by the photocatalytic effect of chemical substances or the like can be done only through this limit.

  In contrast, in the present invention, the 100% circulation feedback system dramatically increases the decomposition efficiency of chemical substances and the like due to the photocatalytic effect by passing through the photocatalytic mechanism many times after the outside air is taken in. be able to.

  In the air cleaning system provided in the conventional clean room, especially in the air cleaning system including the dust filter that is always in direct contact with the high dust atmosphere, when the photocatalytic function is simply added to the dust filter, the atmosphere becomes a high dust atmosphere. Severe clogging occurs on the surface of the dust collecting filter that is in contact with the clogging. This clogging of the dust filter prevents the photocatalyst from being irradiated with sufficient light, or this clogging should be essentially decomposed from the photocatalyst material. By preventing the contact with the substance, the efficiency of the photocatalytic action is significantly reduced.

  The 100% circulation feedback system of the present invention installs the dust filter in a place isolated from the external space, so that it does not directly touch the outside air. Furthermore, by incorporating a dust filter into the 100% circulation feedback system, the dust filter can take advantage of the characteristic that the number of dust can be reduced to the order of several orders of magnitude by the circulation equivalent to the infinite number of times that is the feature of the 100% circulation feedback system The ratio of clogging can be reduced to several thousand to 1 / 10,000 or less. At the same time, this can solve the problem of degradation of the decomposition function of the photocatalyst such as chemicals due to clogging of the filter.

  Further, by utilizing the fact that the dust collection efficiency γ, which is a feature of the present invention, does not necessarily have to be very close to 1, by suppressing the value of the dust collection efficiency γ, clogging of the dust filter can be avoided, Although the material has a high function but the collection efficiency γ is difficult to be close to 1, the circulation feedback system of the present invention can be used as a sufficiently high-function dust filter. It is possible to achieve both decomposition efficiency.

  Since the condition of the dust collection efficiency γ is relaxed, it is possible to realize a low dust environment in which a function of decomposing a chemical substance by a photocatalyst and a function of removing dust are integrated. Examples of the photocatalyst include titanium oxide, platinum, and palladium. Examples of the photocatalytic filter include a paper filter carrying the above-mentioned photocatalyst, a resin filter carrying a photocatalyst, a porous photocatalytic ceramic filter made of tungsten oxide, and the like. Specifically, for example, a high-density filter made of a nonwoven fabric (containing polyester, modacrylic or the like) impregnated with a photocatalytic material such as titania or tungsten oxide can be used. Moreover, the porous photocatalytic ceramic filter can simultaneously realize a low hazardous substance environment by the photocatalyst and an ultra-clean environment by the dust filter. In this way, the conventional tandem arrangement of the HEPA and the photocatalytic filter is not required, so that the system can be made compact and the pressure loss due to the filter can be kept small, which is very efficient. By reducing the load of blowing power, it can contribute to energy saving.

  Compared to simply using a photocatalyst on the wall, this system actively passes the gas in the closed space through a filter that has both dust removal and photocatalyst functions. Will increase dramatically. Further, by adding a photocatalytic function to the surface of the dust filter, it is possible to decompose bacteria, dust, and the like captured by the dust filter into carbon dioxide and water. As a result, it is not necessary to clean and replace the dust filter, and this is the ultimate system that can be a semi-permanently usable dust filter. In particular, in the highly clean room of the present invention, an environment of aseptic, dust-free, and non-hazardous gas can be realized in any place, for example, in the middle of a city. By placing plants such as plants and herbs, it is possible to realize a forest bath and an air environment with a rich natural environment while living. Furthermore, it is possible to bring out a relaxation effect by actively introducing aroma aroma. As a result, it is possible to realize an environment that contributes to the relief and cure of asthma symptoms.

As this multi-function filter, a photocatalytic function filter is added to the dust filter and combined, or the dust filter has a function of a photocatalyst, so that one filter has a plurality of functions. It is preferable to have both. When a photocatalytic function filter is combined with the dust filter, for example, the photocatalytic function filter is preferably provided in series in the gas flow path with the dust filter. It is also possible to configure the multi-functional filter only photocatalyst, for example, may be formed of TiO _2, which is constituted by the porous body as a multi-functional filter. When realizing this multi-function filter, pay attention to the flow of gas in the feedback gas flow path and allow the photocatalyst material to flow into the clean space while applying sufficient light to the photocatalyst provided in the multi-function filter. It is preferably configured to prevent. Specifically, for example, by disposing a photocatalytic function filter upstream of the dust filter, it is possible to prevent the inflow of the photocatalytic material into the clean space while receiving sufficient light irradiation and exhibiting the decomposition function of organic matter. it can.

  Further, the room may have a local exhaust device that exhausts the inside air of the living space and has a gas exchange function. The configuration of the local exhaust device is not basically limited. For example, the direction of the air flow inside the local exhaust device is set so that the internal air of the living space and the external air share the traveling direction. Further, in the local exhaust system, the concentration of the molecules constituting the inside air of the living space is determined by contacting the gas molecules through a membrane that does not pass through at least one dust fine particle inside the local exhaust device. Concentration of molecules constituting the outside air approaches the equilibrium state through concentration diffusion of molecules through the membrane through which gas molecules pass without passing through dust particles, and then the inside air of the living space is returned to the living space It is preferable that The local exhaust device configured as described above is suitable for, for example, alleviating off-flavors in hospital rooms and nursing rooms, removing harmful odors, and in the painting factory, etc., while keeping the dust density extremely low. The organic solvent concentration can be reduced.

  It is also possible to combine a heat pump type air conditioner provided with a heat exchanger in the feedback gas flow path. Further, for example, by providing an ion emission type air cleaner in the highly clean room of the present invention, the effect of eliminating viruses and the like by ions such as OH radicals can be dramatically increased. Conventionally, when this air purifier is installed in an environment that is exposed to outside air with a very low cleanliness, the generated ions are taken into the large dust and the effect of decomposing small dust, viruses, etc. by the ions is maximized. Could not be demonstrated. On the other hand, in the highly clean room of the present invention, the size of the existing dust is extremely small and the amount thereof is very small, and no new dust is supplied from the outside air in the highly clean room of the present invention. The effect of decomposing small dust and viruses by ions can be maximized. In addition, the life of the filter provided in the ion emission type air cleaner can be greatly extended.

  According to the present invention, the daily living space itself, which is not different from a normal room in appearance and appearance, is left as it is without bringing about a special increase in space and structural load on the building structure. Thus, for example, it can be realized as a clean space of class 100 or more in about 10 minutes within 30 minutes. Further, for example, US209D class 1 can be realized 10 hours after the system is operated and switched on. Moreover, there is no problem that a pressure difference occurs between the pressure of one room of a house / house and the other part of the house, which is caused by using the conventional clean room technology, and the cleanliness of the room is improved. be able to. In addition, by actively collecting the dust generated inside by the fan / filter unit attached to the room, the generated dust is scattered outside the room, causing inconvenience to people living outside the room. Can be resolved. In addition, without changing the pressure differential parameter of the conventional housing habits, the room where people in Japan and around the world live, work, and care for, for example, class 1 or higher It is possible to provide a highly clean room system that can maintain high air cleaning performance at all times and can live and operate comfortably and comfortably.

  As described above, the steady-state dust particle density of a conventional clean room depends on the environmental dust particle density No. Therefore, a high-quality filter having a dust collection efficiency γ as close to 1 as possible is necessary. On the other hand, in the present invention, the steady-state dust particle density n (t) does not depend on No (and therefore does not select the installation environment) and γ is in the denominator (it is not important that γ is close to 1). ) Very high cleanliness can be achieved even with an inexpensive dust filter. Moreover, in the present invention, since the gas component in the room and the gas component in the installation environment are efficiently exchanged, a completely sealed environment can be exchanged for dust particles, and the gas component can be exchanged by diffusion. An environment can be realized.

It is the perspective perspective view which showed the wall by 1st Embodiment. It is the perspective perspective view which showed the highly clean room system by 2nd Embodiment. It is the perspective perspective view which showed the highly clean room system by 3rd Embodiment. It is the top view which showed the room before incorporating the highly clean room system by an Example. It is the top view which showed the room after incorporating the highly clean room system by an Example. It is the longitudinal cross-sectional view which showed the room after incorporating the highly clean room system by an Example. It is a perspective view at the time of seeing the room after incorporating the highly clean room system by an Example from a corridor. It is the drawing substitute photograph which showed the main room which is the living space of the room after incorporating the highly clean room system by an Example. It is an approximate line figure showing change in the number of dust particles in a main room in a short time at the time of operating a fan filter unit of a highly clean room system by an example. It is an approximate line figure showing change in a long time of the number of dust particles in a main room at the time of operating a fan filter unit of a highly clean room system by an example. It is the drawing substitute photograph which showed a mode that the experiment which consumes oxygen in the main room | chamber of the highly clean room system by an Example was done. It is a basic diagram which showed the butane gas combustion amount when the experiment which consumes oxygen in the main chamber of the highly clean room system by an Example was performed, and the oxygen concentration in a main chamber. It is a basic diagram which showed the density | concentration change of the alcohol contained in the air in a main chamber | room at the time of further providing a photocatalyst filter and operating inside the 100% circulation feedback system of the highly clean room system by an Example. It is a basic diagram which showed the density | concentration change of the fragrance | flavor contained in the air in a main chamber | room when it operates by further providing a photocatalyst filter in the inside of the 100% circulation feedback system of the highly clean room system by an Example. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the number of dust in the main chamber with respect to time when the dust filter is operated as a medium performance filter having a dust collection rate γ of 0.95 in the highly clean room system according to the example. FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram showing the total number of dust having a particle size of 0.5 μm or more per cubic foot among the dust in the main chamber measured and shown in FIG. 15. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the number of dust in each main particle size for each particle size by installing a commercially available photocatalytic air cleaning device in a living space and operating for several minutes in a highly clean room system in an example. FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram showing the total number of dust having a particle size of 0.5 [μm] per cubic foot among the dust in the main room shown in FIG. 17. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a change in the number of dust particles in a short time when the fan / filter unit 44 provided in the front chamber is operated in the front chamber. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a change in the number of dust particles in the front chamber in a short time when the fan / filter unit 44 provided in the front chamber is operated with a large discharge flow rate. It is an approximate line figure shown about change of relative cleanliness of a main room when people enter a main room from a front room. It is the perspective perspective view which showed the highly clean room system by 4th Embodiment. It is the perspective perspective view which showed the highly clean room system by 5th Embodiment. It is the perspective perspective view which showed the highly clean room system by 6th Embodiment. It is the perspective perspective view which showed the highly clean room system by 7th Embodiment. It is sectional drawing which showed the 2 duct wall embedding type circulation path which is a modification of the highly clean room system by 7th Embodiment. It is the perspective perspective view which showed the highly clean room system by 8th Embodiment. It is sectional drawing which showed the example of the hollow wall used for the highly clean room system by 8th Embodiment. It is a perspective sectional view showing the dwelling where the highly clean room system by an 8th embodiment was applied. It is sectional drawing which showed operation | movement of the highly clean room system by 8th Embodiment. It is the perspective perspective view which showed the highly clean room system by 9th Embodiment. It is the top view which looked at the 1st partition of the highly clean room system by 9th Embodiment from the side wall side facing the 1st partition in living space. It is the perspective perspective view which showed the highly clean room system by 10th Embodiment. It is the perspective perspective view which showed the highly clean room system by 11th Embodiment. It is the perspective perspective view which showed the highly clean room system by 12th Embodiment. It is the perspective perspective view which showed the highly clean room system by 13th Embodiment. It is the perspective perspective view which showed the highly clean room system by 14th Embodiment. It is the perspective view which looked at an example of the front room of the highly clean room system by 14th Embodiment from the main chamber inside. It is the perspective view which looked at another example of the front room of the highly clean room system by 14th Embodiment from the inside of a main chamber. It is the perspective perspective view which showed the highly clean room system by 15th Embodiment. It is the perspective perspective view which showed the highly clean room system by 16th Embodiment. It is the perspective perspective view which showed the highly clean room system by 17th Embodiment. It is the perspective perspective view which showed the highly clean room system by 18th Embodiment. It is the perspective perspective view which showed the modification of the highly clean room system by 18th Embodiment. It is sectional drawing which showed the highly clean room system by 19th Embodiment. It is the perspective view which showed an example of the gas exchange apparatus used with the highly clean room system by 19th Embodiment. It is the perspective view which showed an example of the gas exchange apparatus used with the highly clean room system by 19th Embodiment. It is the perspective view which showed an example of the gas exchange apparatus used with the highly clean room system by 19th Embodiment. It is the perspective view which showed an example of the gas exchange apparatus used with the highly clean room system by 19th Embodiment. It is the 3rd page figure which showed an example of the hospital room and nursing home (high grade type) containing the highly clean room system by 20th Embodiment. It is the 3rd page figure which showed an example of the hospital room and nursing home (medium grade type) containing the highly clean room system by 21st Embodiment. It is the 3rd page figure which showed an example of the hospital room and nursing home (entry type) including the modification of the highly clean room system by 21st Embodiment. It is the perspective view which showed an example of the small flow fan / filter unit. It is a perspective view which shows the conventional common house. It is a perspective sectional view showing the conventional general house. It is a perspective view which shows the construction example of the wall of the conventional common house. It is a perspective view which shows the construction example of walls, such as the conventional common apartments and buildings. It is a perspective view which shows the construction example of walls, such as the conventional common apartments and buildings. It is the drawing substitute photograph which image | photographed the conventional clean unit with the digital still camera. It is sectional drawing which showed the conventional clean unit. It is the perspective view and back view which show the oxygen permeability measuring apparatus used for the measurement of the oxygen permeability of various gas exchange membranes. It is a basic diagram which shows the result of having measured the oxygen concentration in a container as a function of time using the oxygen permeability measuring apparatus shown in FIG. It is a basic diagram which shows the result of having measured the combustion amount of the candle in a container as a function of time using the oxygen permeability measuring apparatus shown in FIG. It is a basic diagram which showed the time change of the number of dust particles at the time of using Nao Washi as a gas exchange membrane. It is a basic diagram which showed the time change of the number of dust particles at the time of using Imari Japanese paper as a gas exchange membrane. It is a basic diagram which showed the time change of the number of dust particles at the time of using Tyvek (cloth-like) as a gas exchange membrane. It is a drawing substitute photograph which shows the actual machine of a gas exchange apparatus. 68 is a drawing-substituting photograph showing an example in which the gas exchange device shown in FIG. 67 is incorporated in a room of a highly clean room system. FIG. 69 is a schematic diagram illustrating a result of an oxygen consumption experiment performed in a state where the room of the highly clean room system illustrated in FIG. 68 is completely sealed. It is the top view, front view, and right view which show the radioactive substance and radiation corresponding | compatible fan filter unit used in the highly clean room system by 22nd Embodiment. It is the top view, front view, and right view which show the radioactive substance and radiation corresponding fan fan filter unit which are used in the highly clean room system by 23rd Embodiment. It is the top view, front view, and right view which show the radioactive substance and radiation corresponding | compatible fan filter unit used in the highly clean room system by 24th Embodiment. It is a drawing substitute photograph which shows the tent-like structure which consists of a gas exchange membrane. FIG. 74 is a schematic diagram illustrating a result of measuring a temporal change in the total number of dust particles having a particle diameter of 0.5 μm or more inside the tent-like structure illustrated in FIG. 73.

  Hereinafter, modes for carrying out the invention (hereinafter referred to as “embodiments”) will be described.

<1. First Embodiment>
1A and 1B show a wall (partition wall) according to the first embodiment. As shown in FIG. 1A, the wall 9 is provided with an inner wall 9a and an outer wall 9b facing each other at a fixed distance, and an opening formed at the peripheral edge of the wall by the two walls facing each other. Side walls 9c to 9f are provided so as to block all four surfaces. Further, a rectangular parallelepiped is formed by joining the walls 9a to 9f without any gaps, and an internal space (hollow part) 9g is formed therein. The inner wall 9a is provided in contact with the living space of the room 1 which is a closed space. By configuring the wall 9 with, for example, a high-strength material, an internal space (hollow portion) 9g capable of introducing outside air while being a robust structure as a whole is included. Vents 11 are provided at both ends of the side wall 9d constituting the wall 9. In this case, the vent 11 provided at the upper end of the side wall 9d is an outside air inlet (inlet), and the vent 11 provided at the lower end is an exhaust port (outlet). Further, at least a part of the inner wall 9a is constituted by the gas exchange membrane 26. Further, the inner space 9g is provided with C-shaped cross-section steel 15a so as to be sandwiched between the inner wall 9a and the outer wall 9b so as to be opposed to each other with a certain distance from the side wall 9c. An H-shaped cross-section steel 15b is provided so as to face each other. The C-shaped cross-section steel 15a and the H-shaped cross-section steel 15b are provided in parallel to the side wall 9c and the side wall 9d. The C-type cross-section steel 15a and the H-type cross-section steel 15b are preferably provided so as to be in contact with, for example, the end of the gas exchange membrane 26, and thus provided with sufficient strength to support the room 1. can do. A brace 16 is provided between the C-shaped cross-section steel 15a and the side wall 9c so as to connect the upper end of the side wall 9c and the lower end of the C-shaped cross-section steel 15a. A brace 16 is also provided between the H-shaped cross-section steel 15b and the side wall 9b so as to connect the upper end of the side wall 9b and the lower end of the H-shaped cross-section steel 15b. Thereby, sufficient strength to support the room 1 can be ensured. Further, among the members constituting the columnar material of the C-shaped cross-section steel 15a and the H-shaped cross-section steel 15b, a hole 15c is provided on the surface of the member in a direction orthogonal to the gas exchange membrane 26, and the hole 15c is freely passed through the hole 15c. The gas is configured to flow through the. By configuring the wall 9 in this way, air is exchanged between the internal space 9g which is the internal space of the wall 9 and the house open space such as the corridor 33 adjacent to the side wall 9d through the vent hole 11. To do. This exchange of air is preferably performed by, for example, mechanical ventilation, forcing outside air (fresh air) from the vent 11 provided at the upper end of the side wall 9d, and providing it at the lower end of the side wall 9d. This is exhausted from the vent 11. A gas exchange membrane 26 is provided on the inner wall 9a in contact with the living space of the room 1, so that the air in the room 1 and the gas in the inner space 9g are not exchanged as an air flow. Separated. Although there is no direct exchange of airflow mass flow between the living space of the room 1 and the internal space 9g, gas molecules (oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, etc.) constituting the air, ammonia that is produced with human life and activities, etc. When a difference in concentration occurs between both sides of the gas exchange membrane 26, the concentration of the chemical substance is diffused, and the molecules are exchanged through the gas exchange membrane 26, so that the room in contact with the wall 9 can be obtained. 1 The air inside can be maintained in an environment suitable for a person to live and work. Further, the gas exchange membrane 26 may be replaced with a two-dimensional structure obtained by weaving the gas exchange membrane. As a member constituting the outer wall 9b of the wall 9 that supports the structure of the room 1, for example, a high-strength material that is a plate material having sufficient thickness and strength is preferably used, and a material added with heat insulation and soundproofing functions is used for this. It is more preferable. By comprising in this way, the function as a structure with high heat insulation and sound-insulation performance is ensured as the wall 9 whole. On the other hand, in the wall 9 shown in FIG. 1B, two vent holes 11 are provided on the side wall 9e which is the upper side wall. Other than that, it is the same structure as the wall 9 shown to FIG. 1A. By configuring the wall 9 in this way, air can be exchanged between the internal space 9g and a house open space such as a ceiling behind the wall 9e.

Here, the area of the gas exchange membrane 26 provided on the inner wall 9a will be considered. Assuming that the area of the gas exchange membrane 26 (or two-dimensional structure) is A, the volume of the living space of the closed room 1 is V, the oxygen consumption rate inside the living space of the room 1 is B, and is in equilibrium with the outside world The oxygen volume when there is no oxygen consumption in the living space of the room 1 is V _O2 , the oxygen diffusion constant of the gas exchange membrane 26 (or two-dimensional structure) is D, and the target oxygen concentration in the living space is When η (η> 0.18), the area A of the gas exchange membrane 26 (or two-dimensional structure) is at least
The gas exchange membrane 26 is set so as to satisfy the above. In the case where the gas exchange membrane 26 is replaced with, for example, a two-dimensional structure, the two-dimensional structure is a folded structure such as a ninety-nine fold (a structure having a plurality of curved surfaces and / or planes). If the structure is stretched, the two-dimensional area when the structure is stretched and expanded is defined as area A. As a result, the oxygen concentration in the room 1 in contact with the wall 9 can be maintained at or above the target value η.

  According to the first embodiment, the wall 9 is provided so that the outer wall 9b and the inner wall 9a are opposed to each other at a certain distance, and the side walls 9c to 9f are provided so as to close the opening surface, Since at least a part of the inner wall 9a is constituted by the gas exchange membrane 26, an inner space (hollow part) in which outside air can be introduced by constituting these walls with a high-strength material or the like while being a robust structure as a whole. It can be set as the structure which includes 9g. Further, by providing the inner wall 9a of the wall 9 so as to be in contact with the room 1 forming the living space which is a closed space, the wall 9 as a whole wall has a sufficient strength, heat insulation and sound insulation performance. While ensuring the function as the above, it is possible to exchange gas molecules between the living space of the room 1 and the internal space 9g of the wall 9 without directly exchanging airflow mass flow. That is, when gas molecules (oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, etc.) composing air and trace chemical substances such as ammonia that come out with human life and activities have a difference in concentration on both sides of the space partitioned by the gas exchange membrane 26 In addition, concentration diffusion occurs, and the molecules are exchanged through the gas exchange membrane 26 so that the air inside the room 1 that is in contact with the wall 9 is maintained in an environment suitable for a person to live and act. can do.

<2. Second Embodiment>
FIG. 2 shows a highly clean room system 10 according to a second embodiment.
As shown in FIG. 2, the highly clean room system 10 includes two different independent rooms that are adjacent to each other. FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the internal structure of these rooms. Of the adjacent room, the right side of the drawing room 1a, room R ₁ is on the left side is provided. In this figure, a room R ₁ represented by a one-dot chain line is a virtual room, the configuration is not limited as long as it has a separate configuration and room 1a. In FIG. 2, a broken line portion indicates walls such as a partition wall and a ceiling wall provided inside the room 1a, and the other internal configurations of the room 1a are indicated by solid lines.

  The room 1a has a rectangular parallelepiped shape and is the outermost structure in the highly clean room system 10 and forms a closed space. A living space 6 and a ceiling back 5 are provided as partial spaces constituting the closed space. The ceiling back 5 is an internal space formed by a double ceiling. This double ceiling is constituted by a top surface of the room 1a and a ceiling wall 2a provided so as to face each other at a certain distance from the top surface. That is, the living space 6 and the ceiling back 5 are separated by the ceiling wall 2a. Of the side walls constituting the living space 6, the right side wall 9 facing in the figure has the same configuration as the wall 9 shown in the first embodiment, and is shown in the first embodiment. An internal space 7 having the same configuration as the internal space 9g of the wall 9 is included. Specifically, the wall 9 that encloses the internal space 7 is constituted by a double wall constituted by an outer wall 9b and an inner wall 9a provided in parallel with each other at a constant interval. Side wall 9c-9f which comprises the wall 9 shown in FIG. 1A is comprised by the side wall 2e which comprises the room 1a, the side wall 2c, the ceiling wall 2a, and the floor wall 2g. A gas flow path 24 is provided in the internal space 7, and an opening 23 is provided in at least a part of the inner wall 9a. This opening 23 corresponds to the inlet of the fan / filter unit 21 installed on the surface of the ceiling wall 2a on the ceiling back 5 side. For example, a plurality of openings 23 may be provided. Specifically, the thickness of the internal space 7, that is, the distance between the inner wall 9a and the outer wall 9b here, is preferably, for example, not less than 5 cm and not more than 40 cm, and more preferably not less than 10 cm and not more than 20 cm. A gas exchange membrane 26 is stretched on the inner wall 9 a of the wall 9 that separates the living space 6 and the inner space 7. The gas exchange membrane 26 is configured so that dust particles do not pass through and gas molecules pass through, and constitutes a part of an inner wall 9 a that is a partition wall between the living space 6 and the internal space 7. For the gas exchange membrane 26, it is preferable to use shoji paper if the living space 6 is, for example, a Japanese style or a Japanese-style room. For example, the wall structure having the capability of allowing gas molecules to pass through without passing dust particles is provided with an opening for communicating the living space 6 and the inner space 7 on the inner wall 9a, and then the gas exchange membrane 26 is connected to the opening. It is obtained by pasting so as to completely block. Further, the gas exchange membrane 26 may be a two-dimensional structure obtained by weaving the gas exchange membrane. In addition, it is preferable that the direction of the air flowing in the living space 6 and the internal space 7 separated by the inner wall 9a of the wall 9 is the same, and the speed of the flow is also the same. Is preferred. For example, it is preferable to provide a blower in the living space 6 as this configuration. By comprising in this way, the gas exchange by the gas exchange membrane 26 can be performed smoothly. Further, in the living space 6, the side walls 2b and 2e constituting the left back corner of the room 1a, the side walls 19a and 19b provided opposite to these side walls, and the ceiling wall 2a are enclosed. It has a utility space 19 which is a space. The utility space 19 is used, for example, for a toilet, a bath, a washstand, and the like.

  The ceiling wall 2a where the fan / filter unit 21 is provided has an opening corresponding to the outlet of the fan / filter unit 21, and the opening and the outlet of the fan / filter unit 21 are airtight. The blowout port 22 is formed by being connected. The outlet 22 and the outlet of the fan / filter unit 21 are integrated with good airtightness. Clean gas is supplied to the living space 6 by the air current being emitted from the outlet of the fan / filter unit 21. The fan / filter unit 21 can also be installed in the interior space 7 of the wall 9.

  In the internal space 7 formed in the wall 9, the opening 23 and the fan / filter unit are retracted from the surface of the gas exchange membrane 26 by about half the thickness of the wall 9, for example, 5 cm to 10 cm. A gas flow path 24 is provided that communicates with the gas inlet to 21 with airtightness. Thereby, the volume which can exist sufficient gas on both sides of the gas exchange membrane 26 is securable. The gas flow path 24 has a duct structure having a thickness of 5 cm to 15 cm and a width of about 90 cm, for example. The opening 23 is an inlet for introducing air inside the living space 6 into the gas flow path 24. The entire amount of the gas that has entered from the opening 23 passes through the gas flow path 24 and then returns to the suction port of the fan / filter unit 21. In this way, a 100% circulation feedback system is completed. By providing the internal space 7 of one wall 9 and providing two functions of gas exchange capacity and storage of the gas flow path constituting the 100% circulation feedback system, the internal space can be used effectively. In general, the fan / filter unit 21 may be located anywhere in the 100% return path attached to the living space 6 and is stored not only in the ceiling arrangement described above but also in the wall 9 in the form of a floor. You can also. In this way, as is apparent from the situation shown in FIG. 2, an extremely clean room system can be configured without any reduction in size compared to a conventional residential room.

  The ceiling back 5 and the internal space 7 are configured to communicate with each other by providing an opening in the ceiling wall 2 a constituting the internal space 7. A vent hole 11a is provided in the side wall 2e in contact with the ceiling back 5. The side wall 2e in contact with the living space 6 of the room 1a has an entrance 8 through which a human can enter and leave the living space 6 and the external space. For example, a space between a corridor (not shown) and the living space 6 is provided. You can come and go freely. Further, a vent 11b is provided in the side wall 2c in contact with the internal space 7. The vents 11a and 11b serve as inlets and outlets for introducing outside air. For example, fresh air flowing in from the vent 11 a is introduced into the internal space 7 of the wall 9 of the room 1 a via the ceiling back 5. Carbon dioxide generated in the living space 6 and the like through the gas exchange membrane 26 is concentrated to the inner space 7 side, and oxygen is concentrated from the inner space 7 of the wall 9 to the living space 6 side where oxygen is consumed. The gas is exchanged by diffusion. The air after gas exchange is exhausted from the vent 11b. Similarly, gases and chemical molecules generated in the room are discharged to the outside through the internal space 7 of the wall 9. The roles of the inlet and outlet of the vent 11a and the vent 11b can be reversed by the air blowing mechanism of the entire building. That is, it is also possible to introduce fresh air from the outside via the vent 11b and to release dirty air to the upper and outside via the vent 11a. Further, in the case where a plurality of vent holes 11a are provided, the combination of inlets and outlets can be selected as appropriate, and the vent holes 11b can be selected as appropriate. Moreover, it is also possible to configure the ceiling back 2 and the internal space 7 so as not to communicate with each other by not providing an opening in the ceiling wall 2a. In that case, the vent 11a and the vent 11b are completely independent vents. It can be.

  Regardless of the presence or absence of communication between the ceiling 5 and the internal space 7, gas molecules are exchanged between the internal space 7 in the wall 9 and the living space 6 through the gas exchange membrane 26. That is, oxygen, carbon dioxide, or chemical molecules that are the source of a living odor are diffused by a concentration gradient according to the concentration difference between the inside and outside separated by the gas exchange membrane 26, and the air inside the living space 6 is It can be kept suitable for activities. The area of the gas exchange membrane 26 is preferably, for example, 135 cm × 135 cm when a flat shoji paper-like two-dimensional membrane (shoji paper) is used. Air is supplied to the living space 6 by blowing air downward from the outlet 22 of the fan / filter unit 21. The dust in the air in the living space 6 is pushed downward, and the opening 23 and the suction port of the fan / filter unit 21 are opened from the opening 23 provided in the lower part of the inner wall 9a of the wall 9 forming the inner space 7. The gas flows into the gas flow path 24 that communicates with airtightness, and the entire amount flows back to the fan / filter unit 21 through the gas flow path 24. In this way, the entire gas flowing out from the fan / filter unit 21 into the living space 6 is returned to the fan / filter unit 21 to complete the 100% circulation flow path. Further, as described above, at least one of the side walls of the room 1a is constituted by the wall 9 shown in the first embodiment, so that the internal space 7 contained in the wall 9 can exchange gas with 100%. It is possible to provide both functions of storing the gas flow path constituting the circulation feedback system. As a result, the space inside the room 1a can be used effectively, and it is extremely natural as a room with a shoji-like design that fits into the side of the room without any narrowing of the room, compared to a conventional house. A highly clean environment can be realized. By installing a lighting fixture behind the shoji-like gas exchange membrane 26 provided on the side wall, the wall itself can also serve as indirect lighting, and in this case, the wall 9 has a high function of three roles per person. Acts as a wall.

  If it is desired not only to remove dust but also to decompose odors, the photocatalyst 61 may be provided in the gas flow path 24. The photocatalyst 61 may be, for example, a combination of a photocatalyst and a dust filter in addition to the photocatalyst alone. For example, the photocatalyst 61 is provided in the gas flow path 24. In this embodiment, for example, the photocatalyst 61 is provided in series with the fan filter upstream of the dust filter of the fan filter unit 21. It is not limited. Since this photocatalyst 61 operates in a dust-free state under this highly clean room system, it is free from the problem of clogging and can be operated only for the original photocatalytic function, and the photocatalytic function is It will be maintained for a very long time. The photocatalyst device can be said to be a system that is extremely compatible with the 100% circulation system of the present invention, as with functional devices such as Plasma Cluster (registered trademark) and Nanoe (registered trademark) that are generally used.

  According to the second embodiment, since at least one of the side walls of the room 1a is configured by the wall 9 shown in the first embodiment, it has the same advantages as the first embodiment, By providing a single internal space with the functions of both gas exchange and storage of the gas flow path that constitutes the 100% circulation feedback system, the space inside the room 1a can be used effectively, compared to a conventional residential room. The core part of the highly purified system can be embedded without any narrowing. Moreover, since it is only necessary to provide one 100% reflux path, there is an advantage that a highly clean room system can be easily assembled at low cost. When the frequency of entering and exiting the room 1a is low and the staying time in the living space 6 is relatively long, a suitable system can be obtained.

<3. Third Embodiment>
FIG. 3 shows a highly clean room system 10 according to a third embodiment.
As shown in FIG. 3, the high cleanliness room system 10, among the neighboring room, room 1b in the left side of the drawing, the accommodation R ₂ is on the right side is provided. In this figure, the room R ₂ represented by the one-dot chain line is a virtual room, the configuration is not limited as long as it has a separate configuration and room 1b. Further, in the figure, the broken line portion indicates walls such as a partition wall and a ceiling wall provided inside the room 1b, and the other internal configurations of the room 1b are indicated by solid lines.

  With respect to the highly clean room system, the need for higher performance than the highly clean room system shown in the second embodiment may increase. For example, it may be applied to immunodeficiency treatment in hospitals, more complete infection prevention in nursing homes, and home treatment in ordinary homes. At this time, for example, it is necessary to devise a technique that does not deteriorate the cleanliness of the space at the moment of entering / exiting between the living space 6 serving as a hospital room or a nursing room and the outdoor or corridor. For this purpose, an additional configuration is introduced while using the configuration of the room 1a of the second embodiment.

  That is, in the room 1b, the side wall opposite to the wall 9 that constitutes the room 1a shown in the second embodiment is the wall 13 that encloses the internal space 12 that is configured in the same manner as the wall 9. It is. That is, among the side walls constituting the room 1b, the side walls that do not have the entrance / exit 8 and both of the side walls facing each other are constituted by the wall 9 and the wall 13 that contain the internal space, and the internal space that is contained in the wall 9 7 and the internal space 12 enclosed in the wall 13 are independent of each other. The configuration of the wall 13 and the internal space 12 can be the same as that of the wall 9 and the internal space 7. In the room 1b, the wall on the left hand side in the figure is composed of a wall 13 having the same configuration as the wall 9 shown in the first embodiment of the present invention. The wall 13 is composed of an outer wall 13b and an inner wall 13a. And is composed of. The wall 13 has an internal space 12 that is a second internal space, and the internal space 12 is a space adjacent to the living space 6 through a gas exchange membrane 26. Specifically, the thickness of the internal space 12 is preferably, for example, 5 cm or more and 40 cm or less, and more preferably 10 cm or more and 20 cm or less. As described later, since it is not necessary to store the gas flow path 24 in the internal space 12, the thickness of the internal space 12 can be made as thin as 15 cm or less.

  The gas flow path 24 provided in the internal space 7 may be provided on the inner wall 9a. This is because a part of the inner wall 9 a is not constituted by the gas exchange membrane 26. Moreover, the wall 9 and the wall 13 can also use the wall itself as a gas flow path. However, when the wall itself is used as a reflux path, the vent hole 11b provided in the wall 9 is closed. Further, the thickness of the gas flow path 24 is preferably 5 cm or more and 10 cm or less as described above. However, the thickness of the gas flow path 24 is increased to the thickness of the internal space 7 to improve the cross-sectional flow rate. You can also increase the conductance. A part of the inner wall 13 a of the wall 13 is composed of a gas exchange membrane 26.

  Further, the ceiling back 5 and the internal space 7 and the internal space 12 constituted by double walls may or may not communicate with each other via the ceiling back 5. Further, one of the internal space 7 and the internal space 12 may communicate with the ceiling back 5. The introduction of outside air into the internal spaces 7 and 12 can be performed in the same manner as in the second embodiment, and the combination of the inlets and outlets of the vent holes 11a and 11b can be appropriately selected depending on the application. For example, in the room 1b, the two vents 11a provided on the side wall 2e in contact with the ceiling 5 are paired in and out. As described above, for example, the vent 11a is set in and the out is It is also possible to make it bear on the vent 11b at the lower side wall.

  The front chamber 40 which is a partial space of the living space 6 is formed by providing a partition so as to face the entrance 8. Specifically, the sliding door 47 is formed so as to close the opening surface of the space surrounded by the side wall 2e of the room 1b having the entrance 8 and the inner wall 13a of the wall 13, the partition wall 19b of the utility space 19, and the ceiling wall 2a. It is configured by being provided. This sliding door 47 functions as a partition. Moreover, the sliding door 47 may have a structure provided in a part of partition wall provided so that the said opening surface may be plugged up. The space other than the front room 40 of the living space 6 constitutes the main room 20. That is, the sliding door 47 has a function of partitioning the front chamber 40 and the main chamber 20. When the sliding door 47 is opened, the sliding door 47 is set so as to open along the side wall 19a constituting the utility space 19, and is arranged so that unnecessary dead space is not generated when the sliding door 47 is opened and closed. When the sliding door 47 is opened, the front chamber 40 and the main room 20 communicate with each other, but the front room 40 and the main room 20 are completely isolated by closing the sliding door 47. Further, it is preferable that at least a part of the main surface of the sliding door 47 is constituted by the gas exchange membrane 26. As the gas exchange membrane 26, for example, shoji paper or shoji paper-like filter cloth or non-woven fabric filter material can be selected, and the gas exchange ability can be imparted to the sliding door 47 while bringing out the taste of traditional Japanese calligraphy. In the case where the gas exchange membrane 26 is provided on the sliding door 47, specifically, for example, the sliding door 47 is provided with an opening in which both the front and back surfaces are communicated, and the gas exchange membrane 26 is stretched in such a manner as to completely close the opening. With this configuration, gas exchange can be performed between the inside and the outside of the front chamber 40 even when there is no air flow between the inside and the outside of the front chamber 40.

  The left hand wall forming the anterior chamber 40 is constituted by the wall 13. A gas exchange membrane 26 is stretched on the inner wall 13a separating the front chamber 40 and the internal space 12 of the wall 13, and this gas exchange membrane 26 constitutes a part of the inner wall 13a. In addition, in this internal space 12, in parallel with the gas exchange membrane 26, a distance of about half of the distance between the inner wall 13a and the outer wall 13b, that is, a distance of 5 cm or more and 20 cm or less is retracted from the membrane. 43 is stored. The gas flow path 43 communicates the opening 46 provided at the lowermost part of the inner wall 13a and the gas inlet of the fan / filter unit 44 provided on the ceiling wall 2a inside the ceiling back 5 with airtightness. doing. The fan / filter unit 44 is connected to the outlet 45 so that gas is sent out into the front chamber 40. The air outlet 45 is configured similarly to the air outlet 22. The gas channel 43 can be configured in the same manner as the gas channel 24. For example, in addition to the use of a duct having a rectangular cross section, a plurality of bellows pipes can be connected in parallel. The gas flow path 43 is connected to the opening 46 with airtightness. The air inside the front chamber 40 is introduced into the gas flow path 43 through the opening 46, and the entire amount returns to the inside of the front chamber 40 from the outlet 45.

  Further, as a simpler type, it is possible to omit the gas exchange membrane 26 provided on the inner wall 13a inside the front chamber 40 and replace it with the function of the gas exchange membrane 26 (shoji paper) constituting the sliding door 47. . The gas flow path 43 only needs to be configured to be isolated from the internal space 12 inside the internal space 12. For example, the gas flow path 43 can be realized simply by connecting with the bellows pipe. Further, in this embodiment, in order to provide gas exchange capacity as much as possible, at least a part of the ceiling wall 2a constituting the main room 20 and at least a part of the ceiling wall 2a constituting the utility space 19 are also provided by the gas exchange membrane 26. However, the presence / absence of the gas exchange membrane 26 and the installation area can be appropriately designed and selected according to the amount of oxygen used in the room.

  Next, the operation of the highly clean room system 10 will be described. A person who enters from an external space such as a corridor through the doorway 8 once waits for several tens of seconds to several minutes in the front room 40 and then opens the sliding door 47 and enters the main room 20. By doing so, it is possible to enter without deteriorating the cleanliness of the living space. On the other hand, even when a person or the like leaves, after entering the front room 40 from the main room 20, the sliding door 47 is closed, and after that, the cleanliness of the main room 20 is completely deteriorated by going outside through the entrance 8. You can get out of the hallway / outdoor without having to Others are the same as in the first and second embodiments.

<Example>
The highly clean room system according to this embodiment can cope with the reconstruction of existing buildings as well as newly built buildings such as houses and buildings. In this embodiment, the mechanism of a highly clean room system is incorporated in a general house room to obtain a highly clean room system 10.

FIG. 4 is a top view showing the room before incorporating the mechanism of the highly clean room system.
As shown in FIG. 4, the room 1 has a rectangular parallelepiped shape of 3600 mm square and a height of about 2300 mm. Further, an entrance / exit 8 is provided at a portion of the side wall facing the corridor (not shown) of the room 1 that is in contact with one corner. Also, a rectangular parallelepiped storage portion 19c having a width of 1800 mm, a depth of 900 mm, and a height of 2300 mm is formed in the room 1 at the other corner portion. If this space is regarded as a corner corresponding to the utility space 19 of the third embodiment described above, this embodiment is a mode in which a highly clean environment system is applied to a newly built house or the like. The performance equivalent to that of the third embodiment can be implemented in a mode in which a highly clean environment system is applied by remodeling a room such as a house that has already existed in general. That is, the room 1 can be regarded as having a utility space 19 called a storage portion 19c at one corner of the room 1 having the entrance 8 and is regarded as a space equivalent to the room 1a shown in the second embodiment, for example. Can do. Then, by remodeling this room, the configuration of the highly clean room system 10 is given, and the performance equivalent to that of the highly clean room system described in the third embodiment already exists in general. It can be applied to such rooms. Here, an internal configuration of the room 1 will be described. A window portion 54 having a width of 1690 mm and a height of 1170 mm is provided on the side surface opposite to the side surface where the doorway 8 of the room 1 is provided. The living space 6, which is a space other than the storage portion 19 c in the room 1, is configured by connecting two rectangular parallelepiped spaces having different sizes. One of the two rectangular parallelepiped spaces is surrounded by the side wall 19b of the storage portion 19c, a portion of the side wall 2b that faces the side wall 19b, and a portion of the side wall 2c that is sandwiched between the side wall 19b and the side wall 2b. It is a rectangular parallelepiped space and is a space immediately after entering the living space 6 from the entrance 8. Specific dimensions of the rectangular parallelepiped space are depth × width × height = 900 mm × 1800 mm × 2300 mm. Further, this rectangular parallelepiped space constitutes the front chamber 40 and the internal space 57 after the renovation described below. The other side is a rectangular parallelepiped space surrounded by the side wall 2e, the side wall 19a of the storage portion 19c, a portion of the side wall 2d sandwiched between the side wall 2e and the side wall 19a, and a portion of the side wall 2b facing the side wall 2d. And it is the space on the window side of the room 1. Specific dimensions of the rectangular parallelepiped space are depth × width × height = 2700 mm × 3600 mm × 2300 mm. This rectangular parallelepiped space constitutes the main room 20 and the internal space 12 after the renovation described below.

  FIG. 5 is a top view showing the room 1 after incorporating the mechanism of the highly clean room system. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view (perspective view) viewed from the side wall 2b. FIG. 7 is a sectional view (perspective view) seen from the side wall 2c.

  As shown in FIGS. 5 to 7, a living space 6 is formed inside the room 1. After the renovation, the above-mentioned two rectangular parallelepiped spaces are partitioned by the partition 41 and the sliding door 47, so that the living space 6 has a space having the main room 20 and the internal space 7, and a front room 40 and an internal space 57. Divided into space. The storage unit 50 of the fan / filter unit 21 is provided with a panel parallel to the ceiling wall 27 of the room 1 and surrounds the space formed by the ceiling wall 27 and the panel with airtightness. A fan / filter unit accommodating portion 50 in which the unit 21 and the gas flow path 24 are accommodated is formed. Further, by installing the wall 9a in parallel at a distance of about 15 cm from the side wall (conventional wall) 2d, the wall 9 is a hollow wall in which the side wall (conventional wall) 2d and the inner wall 9a are integrated. . The wall 9 preferably has the wall configuration shown in the first embodiment. Since the thickness of the side wall 2d is about 10 cm and the thickness of the inner wall 9a is about 0.6 cm, the total thickness of the wall 9 which is a double wall having an internal space is about 26 cm. Moreover, the thickness of the internal space 7 which is a hollow space which this new wall 9 has by the said structure will be 15 cm. Moreover, the side wall 2b, the side wall (conventional wall) 2c having the entrance / exit 8 and the side wall (conventional wall) 19b of the room 1 facing the side wall (conventional wall) 2b, the partition 41, and the sliding door 47 are enclosed. The space thus formed is divided into a front chamber 40 and an internal space 57 by being partitioned by a partition wall 56. The partition wall 56 is provided to face the side wall (conventional wall) 19b so as to block the space between the end of the side wall 2c on the door 8 side and the partition 41. The front room 40 is a space that is entered first when a person enters the room 1 from an external space. On the other hand, the internal space 57 is a space for storing the 100% circulation feedback flow path in the front chamber 40.

  The sliding door 47 is provided so as to slide on the surface of the partition 41, and when the sliding door 47 is closed, the respective spaces forming the main chamber 20 and the front chamber 40 are completely isolated. When the sliding door 47 is opened, the sliding door 47 moves to a position on the main surface of the partition 41 of the main chamber 20 by sliding. The sliding door 47 is configured such that the front chamber 40 is airtight when closed. Moreover, since the partition 41 and the sliding door 47 are provided on the same plane as the side wall 19a, it is desirable to set the main chamber 20 so as to be as uneven as possible, because it reduces dead space and increases living performance. When both the doorway 8 and the sliding door 47 are closed, the front chamber 40 is in a sealed state where dust particles do not enter and exit. You can enter the room 1 from the outside by opening the doorway 8. A fan / filter unit 44 is provided on the ceiling wall 2 a in the ceiling back 5. In the front chamber 40, an opening 46 corresponding to the suction port of the fan / filter unit 44 is provided at the lowermost portion of the wall 56, and all of the gas flowing out from the outlet 45 of the fan / filter unit 44 into the front chamber 40 is provided. However, it passes through the opening 46 and returns to the fan / filter unit 44 through the gas flow path 43 that communicates the suction port of the fan / filter unit 44 and the opening 46 with airtightness. A feedback system is configured.

  As described above, the inner wall 9 a is provided in parallel to the side wall 2 d of the room 1 at a predetermined interval, and the wall 9 includes the space 7 that is in contact with the main chamber 20 via the gas exchange membrane 26. The wall 9 has an air flow inlet and outlet at its end face, and the internal space 7 and the corridor as the external space are connected by pipes 55a and 55b. As described above, the gas can be exchanged between the external space and the internal space 7, so that the internal space 7 functions as an external air introduction space. The pipe 55a is an inlet pipe having a suction port 11c, and the pipe 55b is an outlet pipe having a discharge port 11d. Its outer diameter is 10 cm. In addition, it is desirable to provide, for example, a mechanical ventilation device at the inlet 11c and / or the outlet 11d. Specifically, this mechanical ventilator preferably has an air volume generation capability such that, for example, the air in the main chamber 20 makes one revolution or more in 2 hours. One rotation in 2 hours means that all the air in the main room 20 is ventilated in 2 hours. At least a part of the inner wall 9a is made of shoji paper which is a gas exchange membrane 26. Thereby, the main chamber 20 becomes a closed space surrounded by a side wall partially including a general wall material or the gas exchange membrane 26, and there is no air flow as an air flow between the internal space 7 and the external space. Gas molecules can be exchanged between the main chamber 20 and the internal space 7 communicating with the outside. As a result, when there is a concentration difference in the gas components constituting the air between the main chamber 20 and the internal space 7 communicating with the outside, the internal space 7 and the main chamber 20 are connected via the gas exchange membrane 26. Concentration diffusion of various molecules contained in the air in the room, which occurs in association with life and work in the room, occurs in the gas chamber, and the constituent gas components of the air in the main room 20 Moves so that its concentration reaches equilibrium with that of the outside. That is, if the oxygen concentration in the main chamber 20 decreases, oxygen is supplied from the internal space 7 through the gas exchange membrane 26, and if the carbon dioxide concentration in the main chamber 20 increases, the gas exchange membrane 26 from the internal space 7. Carbon dioxide is discharged via Further, when various odors or chemical substances are generated in the main chamber 20, the molecules that are the basis thereof are discharged to the outside according to the above mechanism.

  The main chamber 20 is connected to a 100% circulation feedback system including a fan / filter unit 21 and a gas flow path 24 having airtightness. The inner wall 9a separating the main chamber 20 and the internal space 7 is provided with an opening 23 which is a suction port constituting a 100% circulation feedback system. The gas sucked from the opening 23 enters the suction port of the fan / filter unit 21 through the gas flow path 24 communicating with the airtightness between the opening 23 and the fan / filter unit 21. After being filtered, the air is pushed out (discharged) to the main chamber 20 through the air outlet 22, and this air returns to the opening 23 while taking in the dust inside the room, thereby forming a 100% circulation feedback system. . In this embodiment, the gas flow path 24 is a bellows pipe having a diameter of about 10 cm. In addition, this embodiment shown in FIG. 5 to FIG. 7 only shows the concept, and does not draw the scale and the distance strictly, but the gas flow path 24 is approximately from the gas exchange membrane 26. It recedes 5 cm and is almost in contact with the wall 2d. Further, at least a part of the inner wall 9a separating the main chamber 20 and the inner space 7 is made of a shoji paper which is one example of the gas exchange membrane 26, so that the inner wall 9a is provided between the inner space 7 and the main chamber 20. Gas exchange is possible.

  When the doorway 8 enters and exits between the external space and the front chamber 40, the front chamber 40 is cleaned with both the doorway 8 and the sliding door 47 closed. More specifically, after the front chamber 40 is closed, the 100% circulation feedback system using the fan / filter unit 44 described above is operated. Further, as shown in FIGS. 18 and 19 to be described later, the cleanliness of the front chamber 40 is remarkably increased after several tens of seconds to several minutes from the operation of the fan / filter unit 44. The main room 20 can be entered from the front room 40 after opening. Further, the sliding door 47 is formed of a film having gas exchange ability such as shoji paper, so that the above-mentioned gas gas component can be obtained even if air does not enter and exit between the main chamber 20 and the front chamber 40. Can communicate.

FIG. 8 is a photograph taken by a digital still camera, showing the completed appearance of the highly clean room system 10 according to this embodiment.
As shown in FIG. 8, the wall 9 which is the back wall is the wall 9 shown in this embodiment, and is a photograph of the inside of the main room 20 of the room 1 incorporating this wall 9 as one of the side walls. . In the room 1 having the window portion 54, the fan / filter unit 21 and the gas flow path 24 stored in the storage portion 50 are provided on the ceiling portion, and clean air is injected downward from the outlet 22. The wall 9 has an inner wall 9a that separates the main chamber 20 and the internal space 7, and a fan / filter unit housing portion 50 extends and contacts the wall 9a. A part of the inner wall 9 a is a gas exchange membrane 26 having an area of 135 cm × 135 cm, and is made of shoji paper which is the gas exchange membrane 26. Moreover, the opening 23 which is an inlet is provided in the lower end part of the wall 9a. The opening 23 is provided with a net so that large dust does not enter the gas flow path 24.

The order estimation of shoji paper is based on the following considerations. The shoji paper used as the gas exchange membrane 26 is a commercially available, general-purpose product (a plain shoji paper manufactured by Asahi Pen Co., Ltd.), and physical properties such as air permeability are not presented. Therefore, a conservatively estimated value [˜1 l / (dm ² · min)]: 200 Pa among the typical values of the air permeability of the filter cloth shown in Non-Patent Document 7 for the air permeability of the shoji paper used. ) Designed the shape and size of the shoji paper used as the one that has), and determined its area. As will be described later, since a person actually enters the main room 20 and conducts an experiment, it is preferable from the viewpoint of safety that the air permeability is conservatively estimated and the area A is set larger. Because. In addition, the second term of the formula (12) shown above represents the volume F (unit is, for example, [m ³ / min]) occupied by oxygen molecules diffusing through the gas exchange membrane per unit time. Therefore, considering this as a function of the pressure (partial pressure) difference from the formula as a function of the concentration difference, the air permeability diffuses at the pressure difference per unit time and unit area. Considering the volume occupied by the coming gas molecules, the D / L of the gas exchange membrane appearing in Equation (12) shown above can be calculated from the air permeability. If the target oxygen concentration η = 20.8% is set from the viewpoint of safety, the condition to be satisfied by the area A of the gas exchange membrane 26 is:
It becomes. In addition, as shown in the midway derivation formula of Equation (17), D / L corresponds to the front coefficient of the denominator in the formula, and is calculated to be about 5 [m / min] based on the air permeability value. .

  In addition, as shown in the photograph, the gas exchange membrane 26 is a shoji window configured in a lattice shape with a wooden frame. A Japanese-style atmosphere can be created in the room 20. The opening 23 provided at the lowermost portion of the inner wall 9a is connected to a gas flow path 24 communicating with the gas inlet of the fan / filter unit 21 with airtightness. Running. Thus, the highly clean room system 10 can achieve a very high degree of cleanliness at the same time with a Japanese-style appearance without any discomfort compared to the conventional room space.

  The configuration for connecting the main room 20 and the front room 40 as described above is not limited to the above example, and examples include traditional Japanese-style rooms and Japanese-style ryokan rooms. The room of a traditional Japanese-style inn has a so-called stepping-in (shoe / clog-off space) that is separated from the back room (main room 20) by a shoji screen when entering the entrance. The configuration of the front chamber 40 can be introduced into this space. Taking off your shoes is an ancient Japanese wisdom that does not bring dust into the main room 20 in the back, but by adding the cleaning technology of the present invention to this, the Japanese-style room is the world's finest. The cleanliness can be pointed out with a world-class appearance without losing the traditional appearance at all, and can be put to practical use. In the case of a traditional Japanese residence, the outside can be used as an outside air introduction source to the inside space 7 which is an outside air introduction space, the Sanwa soil space can be used as the front room 40, and the back room can be used as the main room 20. . For modern Japanese rooms (rooms in condominiums, etc.), the outside is used as the outside air introduction source to the inside space 7 which is the outside air introduction space, and the front space 40 is used as the entrance space (shoes and clogs). The chamber can be the main room 20. In addition, if it is a single-family house in Western style, the corridor and outside are used as the outside air introduction source to the inside space 7 which is the outside air introduction space, and a new Japanese style entrance space (shoes / getting off shoes) is established. By setting the remaining room space to 40 and the main room 20, measures against hay fever can be taken.

  Next, the operation of the highly clean room system 10 according to this embodiment will be described. First, the change in the air cleanliness in the main chamber 20 when the fan / filter unit 21 provided in the main chamber 20 is operated alone will be described.

  FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing a time change of the number of dust particles on a short time scale when the fan / filter unit 21 constituting the 100% circulation feedback system provided in the main chamber 20 is operated. 10 is a schematic diagram showing the same time change on a long time scale.

  As shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, when the operation of the fan / filter unit 21 is started, the total of dust particles having a particle size of 0.5 μm or more exceeds 100,000 / cubic foot (US209D class 100,000), and The sum total of dusts of 3 μm or more is an environment with a very high number of dust particles exceeding 1 million per cubic foot, which is never clean. After the start of the operation of the fan / filter unit 21, the number of dust particles in the main chamber 20 decreases to about 1000 in about 5 minutes from the start of operation, and 100 per cubic foot around 10 minutes. In other words, the cleanliness is good in US209D class 100 or higher. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 10 in particular, after about 10 hours from the start of operation, not only the total of dust with a particle diameter of 0.5 μm or more but also the total of dust of 0.3 μm or more exhibits 0 count. It has been shown. Here, since the vertical axis of the schematic diagram shown in FIG. 10 performs logarithmic plotting, the measured value zero cannot be plotted (because the vertical axis flies down to infinity). Therefore, for convenience, here, the zero count obtained by the measurement is plotted at 0.01 for convenience. The particle size means the average particle size of primary particles (the same applies hereinafter). This result is comparable to the cleanliness of a super clean room used in high quality semiconductor factories of US209D class 1 and is achieved in a room with an ordinary ordinary home-like appearance as shown in this example. This is the first cleanliness in the world, and it is considered to be extremely significant because of the compatibility between the visual affinity in daily living environment and the ultra-high clean environment.

  Next, a case where oxygen is consumed by a person staying in the main room 20 will be described. FIG. 11 is a drawing-substituting photograph showing an experiment in which oxygen is consumed in the main room 20. As shown in FIG. 11, the butane gas is burned by the cassette stove in the main chamber 20, and further, two people stay in the main chamber 20, thereby consuming oxygen in the chamber 20 while consuming oxygen in the chamber 20. Concentration was measured.

FIG. 12A is a schematic diagram showing the butane (C ₄ H ₁₀ ) gas combustion amount from the start of this experiment to 80 minutes and the oxygen concentration in the main chamber 20. FIG. 12B is a schematic diagram illustrating an oxygen concentration change in the graph of FIG. 12A in an enlarged manner in the vicinity of 20%.

From the chemical formula (1), considering that butane is 58 g per mole and oxygen is 32 g, when 2 g of butane gas is burned per minute, the consumption of oxygen is about 5 [l / min. It can be seen that This corresponds to oxygen consumption for about 20 humans. The living space of about 6 tatami, which is the size of the room 1 used in the present embodiment, is not enough to enter, and the consumption is sufficient to see the oxygen supply capacity. The gas stove used for this measurement was placed in the middle of the room, but removed from directly under the fan / filter unit. Moreover, the oxygen concentration meter used for this measurement was placed at the position of the wall facing the gas exchange membrane, and therefore at the farthest position from the gas exchange membrane.

  As shown in FIGS. 12A and 12B, the oxygen concentration in the main chamber 20 decreases by about 0.3% from 20 minutes to 60 minutes and temporarily becomes 20.6%, but then increases. Turn to. This is in good agreement with the numerical value 20.8%, which is the target oxygen concentration in Equation (16) shown above. The oxygen concentration temporarily drops to 20.6% is an undershoot within the assumption, and can be explained as follows. Because of the balance between the position of the gas stove and the position of the oxygen concentration meter, the analysis according to the equations (9) to (15) assumes that the concentration does not depend on the location for the sake of simplicity. In other words, it is natural that the oxygen concentration has a spatial distribution, but due to the effect of the fan / filter unit installed on the ceiling, “the air in the room is being stirred sufficiently quickly, It is solved by the approximation that there is no place unevenness. Therefore, this undershoot is within the assumption, and after that, the arrival point that has started to increase is considered to be 20.8%, and the agreement between the calculation and the experimental result is considered to be quite good. As described above, when the oxygen concentration in the main chamber 20 has a difference in concentration between the living space and the internal space 7 of the wall 9 communicating with the outside, concentration diffusion of oxygen molecules occurs in the direction of eliminating the difference. As a result, the oxygen concentration can be substantially close to 20.9% based on the mathematical formula (15) shown above, despite a large amount of oxygen consumption inside the main room 20. It has been shown. Even if 22 humans stay for a long time in the main room 20 in contact with the wall 9 having the shoji paper which is the material of the gas exchange membrane 26 having a square shape of 135 cm × 135 cm, oxygen is not deficient. This is because the shoji paper, which is a gas exchange membrane 26 that separates the main chamber 20 and the internal space 7 of the wall 9, exchanges various molecular concentration components between the outside air introduced into the internal space 7 and the gas in the main chamber 20. It shows that the film functions sufficiently as a film that equilibrates on both sides of the film 26.

Moreover, D / L can also be calculated from the above-described experimental result that the oxygen concentration in the main chamber 20 starts to decrease and stops decreasing after about 40 minutes. That is, Equation (12), which is a differential equation describing the change in oxygen concentration in this system, has the same form as the differential equation of Equation (3), and the exact solution is the same as that of Equation (4). (Especially, as time dependency, both are equal and show an exponential change with respect to t. In more detail, if γF / V in Equation (4) is replaced with AD / VL in Equation (12), Well, you can understand the temporal behavior of the system). The exponential behavior settles, as described in paragraph [0049], at a time approximately 10 times the reciprocal of the coefficient of time t at the shoulder of the exponential function. From this, {1 / (AD / VL)} × 10 to 40 min can be set based on the result of FIG. 12B. Since A = 1.35 m × 1.35 m = 1.8 m ² , and the space of about 6 tatamis and the ceiling height is about 2.5 m from FIG. 5, the volume V of the main chamber 20 is 24 m ^3. Therefore, D / L to (24 m ³ /1.8 m ² ) · 10 · (1/40 min) to 3.3 m / min, which is in good agreement with D / L to 5 m / min obtained in paragraph [0104]. Indicates. That is, in the system of the present invention in which a 100% circulation feedback system is employed in the wall 9 of the present invention having a membrane capable of concentration diffusion of molecules without passing through dust particles and an internal space in contact with the film, and the room in contact with the wall, By conducting an oxygen consumption experiment (gas combustion experiment) inside, D / L that is an important parameter of the film can be obtained. Once this value is obtained, in the highly clean room system of the present invention, Equation (12) holds with a good approximation, and the parameter characterizing this system is VL / AD. By rewriting (V / A) / (D / L)}, based on the parameter D / L determined only by the properties of the gas exchange membrane 26, the design of the room in contact with the gas exchange membrane according to the scaling. It can be seen that a new method for carrying out (setting V and A, etc.) with extremely good visibility is presented. In other words, the ratio of the depth of the room or “effective aspect ratio”, V / A, and the abstract aspect ratio D / L in the “functional space” of gas exchange is taken (when dimensional analysis is performed). (V / A) / (D / L) divides a numerator having a dimension of m ³ / m ² by a denominator having a dimension of m ² / (m / s)). Taking the spatial dimension, the ratio of 3D (dimension) and 2D is divided by 2D / 1D in the functional space to cancel the spatial dimension, and the remaining denominator (1 / time) dimension is finally This gives a quantity with a time dimension as a whole, which is the time constant for the gas exchange of the system. As described above, since the scale is expressed by (V / A) / (D / L), as a means for further enhancing the function of the embodiment of FIG. Has been found to be effective over the ceiling (for example, a fine mesh under the fan / filter unit and a “coarse” mesh away from it). However, as an additional improvement in gas exchange capacity based on the ratio of (V / A) / (D / L), the fan / filter unit is more oriented against the wall 9 than the wall 9. As for the above-mentioned “roughness of the eyes”, it is clear that the distance from the wall 9 is rougher and the distance closer to the wall is rather small. In this way, in accordance with the scaling, a new method that has not been provided in the past has been given to accurately design the room with a high degree of cleanliness and gas exchange ability.

As described above, by using the above formula (15), the area of the gas exchange membrane 26 can be calculated even when the oxygen consumption of the main chamber 20 is different. When gas diffusion membranes having the same membrane microstructure have the same diffusion constant, even when gas exchange membranes having different thicknesses are used, an appropriate area can still be calculated by Equation (15). In addition, even if the gas exchange membrane has unknown performance such as air permeability, the performance is grasped internally by performing the experiment described here once after suppressing the area and thickness of the gas exchange membrane. Depending on the work, the area of the gas exchange membrane is calculated according to various aspects, and thereafter, the main chamber 20 can be freely designed. The equation (12) is an equation when the airflow in the room is good and it is not necessary to consider the space dependency. Therefore, in the case of a room without such a mechanism, or when the mechanism is stopped even if it has a mechanism, it is necessary to consider the position dependency. However, even in such a case, if experimental values of the room oxygen concentration at the area A and a certain oxygen consumption rate can be obtained by measurement by experiment, then there are different oxygen consumption conditions thereafter. However, it is important that the required area A of the gas exchange membrane 26 can be obtained according to the L dependency, the B dependency, and the D dependency of the mathematical formula (15) shown above. Further, the area A thus calculated is that the wall 2d in FIG. 5 is infinitely separated from the gas exchange membrane 26, that is, if the cavity width of the double wall 9 is very large, in other words, the gas exchange membrane substantially. It should be noted that 26 is a value that provides an appropriate oxygen supply capacity to the main room 20 even when it is in direct contact with the outside world (for example, the space in the outdoors or a corridor). That is, as an example where the thickness of the double wall 9 is substantially infinite, the case where the gas exchange membrane 26 exists alone at the interface between the main chamber 20 and the outside is also included in the embodiment of the present invention.
The value of D / L can be calculated as follows for the gas exchange membrane 26 to be used. Therefore, the oxygen permeability was measured by changing the type of the gas exchange membrane 26. In order to measure this oxygen permeability, an oxygen permeability measuring apparatus shown in FIGS. 61A and 61B was produced. As shown in FIGS. 61A and B, a rectangular parallelepiped container 101 was produced using a transparent acrylic plate. The container 101 has a width of about 20 cm, a depth of about 15 cm, and a height of about 30 cm. A rectangular opening 101b is formed in the center of the front wall 101a of the container 101, and a gas exchange membrane 26 for measuring oxygen permeability is attached from the outside so as to cover the opening 101b. The outer periphery of the gas exchange membrane 26 and the wall 101a are sealed with a tape or the like. A commercially available digital platform scale 102 capable of measuring in units of 0.1 g was placed on the bottom surface of the container 101, and a plastic basket 103 was placed thereon. A candle 104 was placed on the bottom of the basket 103. The candle 104 was lit and the oxygen concentration in the container 101 and the burning amount of the candle 104 (meaning burned weight, corresponding to oxygen consumption) were measured as a function of time. As the gas exchange membrane 26, various types of shoji paper (Asahi Pen 5641 (manufactured by Asahi Pen Co., Ltd.), Nao Washi (thick), Nao Washi (hair pattern), Nao Washi (brown), Nao Washi (blue), Nabei (trade name)) and DuPont's cloth-like Tyvek (registered trademark) were used. 62 shows the change over time in the oxygen concentration in the container 101, and FIG. 63 shows the change over time in the combustion amount of the candle 104. In the gas exchange membrane included in the portion indicated by {in FIG. 62, the oxygen concentration rapidly decreased, and the candle 104 finally disappeared. In other words, the vinyl film (marked with ◆) that was used as a reference (assuming that the gas exchange capacity was almost zero) was the earliest less than 3 minutes, the candle 104 disappeared, and the Washi tailored paper (blue) (+) ) And Nao Washi (thick) (△ mark), the candles 104 disappeared in about 3 and a half minutes and 4 and a half minutes respectively. In FIG. 62, the gas exchange membrane contained in the part surrounded by a broken line (Asahi Pen 5641; ■ mark, cloth-like Tyvek; * mark, Nao Japanese paper (hair pattern); ○ mark, Nao Japanese paper (brown); X mark, straight (Hybei; □)) Although the flame itself became smaller, the candle 104 basically did not disappear until the end. In the gas exchange membrane indicated by the broken-line arrow in FIG. 63, the oxygen concentration is rapidly decreased, and the candle 104 is finally extinguished, and the burning amount of the candle 104 is small. On the other hand, a gas exchange membrane (Asahi Pen 5641; ■ mark, cloth-like Tyvek; * mark, Nao Washi (hair pattern); ○ mark, Nabei; (Brown); x mark) shows that although the flame itself becomes small, the candle 104 has not disappeared until the end. From FIG. 63, Asahi Pen 5641 (marked with ■) has a high oxygen permeability because the oxygen concentration is relatively higher than other shoji papers as shown in FIG. It turns out that it has. The cloth-like Tyvek also has good properties. For the paraffin as the main component of the candle, a chemical formula similar to the chemical formula in paragraph 0114 is established, and the combustion rate B is shown in FIG. 62, and V _O2 / V−η (here, oxygen concentration values at two different times). The above D / L can be calculated. It can be confirmed by this actual measurement that the gas exchange membrane 26 has a value of about 0.1 m / min to 5 m / min depending on the material. This result is consistent with the analysis result in paragraph 0106 independent of the above experiment.

  In this way, a Japanese-style space with shoji doors and shoji windows is constructed, maintaining a room with no sense of incongruity with conventional Japanese architecture, and even when working and activities involving a large amount of oxygen consumption, While maintaining the air environment suitable for the survival of human beings, the air cleanliness in the room well exceeds US209D class 100, and an extremely good clean space approaching that of class 1 can be obtained. In this way, by making the gas exchange membrane 26 Japanese traditional shoji paper, the neat appearance of the traditional “Shoin-zukuri” can be re-appeared with modern high clean environment characteristics, For example, it is suitable for restaurants and pubs. Moreover, it is expected that the negative effects of passive smoking can be reduced in these spaces. It is hoped that it will greatly contribute to the future well-being of the Earth's humankind by being developed into houses, restaurants, hospitals and nursing homes around the world.

FIG. 13 shows a photocatalyst filter (central air conditioning photocatalyst deodorizing unit MKU40: Japan) in the highly clean room system 10 of the present embodiment, further inside the gas flow path 24, upstream of the fan / filter unit 21. Tocan Package Co., Ltd.) is disposed, and after a certain amount of alcohol is volatilized in the main room 20, the air flow rate is 11 [m ³ / min. ] Is a schematic diagram showing a change in the concentration of alcohol contained in the air in the main chamber 20 when the fan / filter unit 21 is operated. As shown in FIG. 13, one minute after the start of operation of the fan / filter unit 21, the off-flavor of alcohol contained in the air in the main room 20 and felt by humans becomes half that before the start of operation, and after 3 minutes, Nearly zero.

  FIG. 14 is an abbreviated gland showing the degree of odor of the fragrance contained in the air in the main chamber 20 when the main chamber 20 is operated with a certain amount of the fragrance volatilized in the same configuration as above. FIG. As shown in FIG. 14, one minute after the start of the operation of the fan / filter unit 21, the odor felt by humans with respect to the fragrance (propylene glycol and the like) contained in the air in the main room 20 is 5 before the start of operation. It becomes 1 / minute and becomes almost zero after 2 minutes. As described above, the concentration of the substance causing the odor in the main room 20 can be reduced in a considerably short time.

The results shown in FIG. 13 and FIG.
σ is the amount of chemical substance generated, n is the chemical substance concentration, γ is the decomposition efficiency per filter pass of the photocatalyst, and the exponential concentration decrease indicated by the above equation (3) and the solution The other effect (see Formula (4)) and the other are manifestation of a synergistic effect of the effect of trying to reach an equilibrium state with the outside through the gas exchange membrane 26, and the extremely efficient operation of the present invention. It is the proof of.

  As described above, when a 100% circulation feedback system provided with a photocatalytic filter is used, the concentration of chemical substances, etc. generated in this closed space and staying inside can be reduced very quickly. This is because, as described above, the chemical substance in this closed space decreases exponentially by repeatedly contacting the photocatalyst with the 100% circulation feedback system, and the synergistic effect between the photocatalyst and the 100% circulation feedback system, and the gas This comes from the gas exchange function of the exchange membrane 26. That is, even if a photocatalyst is incorporated into a conventional clean unit that does not have a configuration of a closed circulation feedback system, the photocatalytic effect is small in the open system. The function of the photocatalyst can be specialized in the role of decomposition of the original chemical substances. By these things, in the highly clean room system 10 of a present Example, coexistence with long lifetime and high functionality can be implement | achieved in both a dust filter and a photocatalyst.

  For these reasons, for example, by applying this highly clean room system 10 in a closed space such as a nursing home, a nursing home, or a hospital room where odor is likely to occur, even if odor is generated in the room, it is instantaneous. Since it can be disassembled, the living environment can be dramatically improved. Also, for example, even if there is invasion of chemical substances from the outside or generation of chemical substances inside, the concentration of chemical substances inside the closed space can be reduced for several minutes by operating the 100% circulation feedback system after sealing the space. To almost zero. In particular, in this embodiment, the inside of the room 1, in particular, the inside of the main room 20 can be made sterile and dust-free to realize a harmful gas / odor-free environment, so that, for example, a small tree, By placing plants that have favorable effects for humans, such as foliage plants and herbs, for example, even in the middle of the city, you can experience the highest class “forest bath” without having to choose a place. Furthermore, by actively introducing fragrances that match the needs of each user, such as lavender, we will maximize the quality of the environment, especially the air, which is the greatest luxury of modern people in the future. It is possible to maximize the positive effects on people's bodies, such as relaxation. Further, for example, even if the patient is a chemical hypersensitivity patient who causes allergic symptoms to a specific chemical substance or a patient with asthma by configuring a part of the inner wall of the sealed space with the gas exchange membrane 26. In this space, you can stay for a long time without aggravating asthma and allergic symptoms. In addition, for example, a short-term fasting to the digestive tract is effective by “unloading” the respiratory organ in a dust-free and sterile environment, for example, about 8 hours a day at bedtime. The same effect can be expected. In addition, for example, by setting the living / treatment space as a highly clean space of class 1 to 10, for example, a dust-free and chemical-free environment in a “background noise-reduced” environment, the respiratory tract, particularly the lungs If the drug is administered via, it is expected that treatment can be performed in a situation where the above-mentioned “S / N ratio” is dramatically improved. That is, a medical process such as medication can be executed without the influence of dust exceeding 1 billion in the conventional environment. In Japan, where the aging population is increasing, and in countries around the world where the same is expected in the future, the highly clean room system 10 has great potential for hospital applications and home medical applications.

  When a 100% circulation feedback system having a photocatalyst filter in series in the flow direction is connected to a closed space and operated with respect to the dust filter provided in the fan / filter unit 21, The decomposition effect of chemical substances is dramatically improved. On the other hand, since the dust filter and the photocatalytic filter are provided in series in the flow direction, the pressure loss with respect to the flow increases, and the amount of air that can be supplied into the closed space decreases. In order to cope with this problem, the fan of the fan / filter unit 21 may have a high power with a high maximum static pressure, or the pressure loss of the filter that removes dust may be reduced. The former is a form that should be avoided if possible from the viewpoint of energy saving due to increased cost and power consumption. In the latter case, since the pressure loss due to the filter is reduced by lowering the dust collection rate of the filter, the dust collection performance is lowered in the conventional air cleaning system that greatly depends on the dust collection rate of the filter. In other words, the latter cannot be adopted in the conventional clean system, but can be adopted in the highly clean room system 10 according to the equation (4) shown above, and the high performance can be exhibited.

  FIG. 15 shows the operation of the dust filter provided in the fan / filter unit 21 in the main chamber 20 as a medium performance filter with a dust collection rate γ of 0.95 for several minutes, and the number of dust in the main chamber 20. Is a schematic diagram showing for each particle size. FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram showing the total number of dust particles having a particle diameter of 0.5 [μm] or more per cubic foot among the dusts in the main chamber 20 measured in this experiment, and is US FED− as it is. This corresponds to the cleanliness of the main room 20 when evaluated according to the STD-209D standard.

  As shown in FIG. 15, the number of dust in the main chamber 20 after 4 minutes from the start of the operation of the fan / filter unit 21 is less than 1000 dust particles having a particle size of 0.3 [μm]. Dust having a particle size of 0.5 [μm] is significantly less than 100, and dust having a particle size of 0.5 [μm] or more is 10 or less. Focusing on the total number of dust particles with a particle size of 0.5 [μm] or more per cubic foot, as shown in FIG. ] The total number of dust per cubic foot starts to be 100 or less, and after 40 minutes from the start of operation, the total number of dust per cubic foot becomes around 10, and this value is maintained thereafter. A space with good cleanliness of US209D class 10 can be obtained.

  Thus, even if the dust collection rate γ is 0.95, it is possible to obtain a high-quality clean environment with a cleanliness level of US209D class 10 grade. Therefore, in this highly clean room system 10, the required level of “should be close to 1” with respect to the dust collection rate of the filter can be remarkably lowered. Can be used for granting. As a result, the dust filter is less likely to be clogged, and the service life is dramatically extended. In this case, a plurality of 100% circulation feedback systems may be connected to the main room 20. Among the plurality of 100% circulation feedback systems, for example, one of them is a 100% circulation feedback system having a fan filter unit 21 having a low dust collection rate but having a photocatalyst and a filter specialized for chemical substance decomposition. On the other hand, by using a 100% circulation feedback system having a fan / filter unit 21 equipped with a filter specialized for dust collection, the advantages of both can be maximized. Here, as described above, the main 100% circulation feedback system includes the gas flow path 24 that communicates the suction port and the gas inlet to the fan / filter unit 21 with airtightness, If there is a distance from the opening 23 which is the suction port provided in the lower part of the partition wall, so that the indoor air can be moved over the whole without "short circuit", The “secondary” circulation feedback system associated with this “main” 100% circulation feedback system does not necessarily require a strict gas flow path like the main loop, even if it is a 100% circulation feedback system. It is also recommended to place an air purifier with the same injection volume and suction volume on the part of the room where the main circulation system moves the wind. High cleanliness that cannot be realized when operating in a space is achieved.

FIG. 17 shows a fan / filter unit 21 constituting a 100% circulation feedback system provided in the main chamber 20 in the present embodiment, using a commercially available photocatalyst or metal radical (KPD1000, manufactured by Fuji Film). Is a schematic diagram showing the number of dust particles in the main chamber 20 for each particle size. FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram showing the total number of dust having a particle size of 0.5 [μm] or more per cubic foot among the dust in the main chamber 20 measured in this experiment. KPD1000 has an air volume of 0.55 [m ³ / min. ] Was driven as.

  As shown in FIG. 17, the rate of decrease in the number of particles depends on γ shown in Equation (1). This is also clear from Equation (4). In the figure, the number of particles decreases rapidly for a particle size of 10 [μm], and γ˜1 is a good approximation for this. However, as the particle size decreases toward 5 [μm], 1 [μm], 0.7 [μm], 0.5 [μm], and 0.5 [μm], the rate of decrease in the number of particles decreases. I understand that That is, it can be seen that this KPD1000 has a different collection rate γ depending on the particle diameter. By comparing the rate of decrease in the number of particles obtained from the data shown in FIG. 17 and the coefficient over time t of the exponential function part of Equation (4), V and F are known, so γ is Can be calculated. By this calculation, for example, γ = 0.75 for a particle size of 5 [μm], γ = 0.37 for a particle size of 1 [μm] and a particle size of 0.7 [μm], For a particle size of 0.5 [μm], γ = 0.33, and for a particle size of 0.3 [μm], γ = 0.29. Thus, it can be seen that γ for a particle having a particle size smaller than 1 [μm] is about a fraction of γ for a particle having a particle size of 10 [μm]. The KPD1000 is equipped with an ostrich egg filter and focuses on virus removal and odor removal. The collection efficiency γ is considerably smaller than 1, especially in the smaller particle size, but only has this level of γ. It shows that even a filter with no filter can achieve a relatively good cleanliness of US209D class 200. The unique feature of this embodiment is that it is possible to achieve performance comparable to a high-performance filter by incorporating a low-priced but low-performance filter or photocatalyst system into a 100% circulation feedback system. ing. Further, by using a 100% circulation feedback system that is a component of the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 64 to 66, Nao Washi (hair pattern), Imari Washi, cloth-like Tyvek (registered trademark), When used as a filter of a fan filter unit, it is possible to obtain the collection efficiency for each particle size. This is very useful for microbial environmental control and can provide a new medical, medical and nursing environment.

  Moreover, the calculation method of (gamma) described here is applicable also to the shoji paper which carried out the order estimation (order estimation) of the required area in determination of the shoji paper area mentioned above. That is, folding the shoji paper used there to make a filter, and how the number of particles of each particle size changes when a fan / filter unit incorporating this filter is 100% circulated and fed back in a certain volume of closed space. It was found that even when a shoji paper filter was used, the performance was almost the same as that shown in FIG. For example, when the shoji paper “Naobei” made by Tainao Co., Ltd. is used as a shoji paper filter, the particle size is 0.3 [μm], 0.5 [μm], 0.7 [μm], 1.0 [μm]. ] For 5.0 [μm] and 10 [μm], γ was 0.12, 0.14, 0.18, 0.28, 0.56 and ˜1, respectively. In addition, when the shoji paper “plain No.5641” of Asahi Pen Co., Ltd. is used as a shoji paper filter, the particle size is 0.3 [μm], 0.5 [μm], 0.7 [μm], 1.0 [ For [μm], 5.0 [μm] and 10, γ was 0.18, 0.21, 0.24, 0.42, 0.71 and ˜1, respectively. As described above, conventionally, in the low to intermediate filters, with respect to the dust collection efficiency, it is impossible to see until the number of particles decays, and only the gravimetric method and the colorimetric method are used (therefore, the accuracy is high). However, this method of measuring in combination with a 100% circulation feedback system offers a new method as a measuring method because of its feature of simultaneous particle size discrimination and simultaneous measurement. It can be said that On the other hand, scaling the room with the above-described (V / A) / (D / L) is also a new technique that gives a glimpse of another aspect, and is an excellent feature. In the future, considering the combination of these two features to bring about a synergistic effect, the role and significance of the system shown in this embodiment in the technological development and analysis of a clean environment can be said to be extremely large.

The cleanliness of the above-mentioned US209D class 200 grade can be said to be astonishing as a value obtained with a filter in which the collection efficiency γ of 0.5 μm particles is not far from 1. For example, even if this air purifier (KPD1000: manufactured by Fuji Film Co., Ltd.) is used in a normal clean room usage, the amount of dust is only at most half (hundreds of thousands per cubic foot) of the ambient dust number density N _0. On the other hand, as is apparent from the graph shown in FIG. 18, if the system configuration of the present embodiment described above is used, the value can be reduced to a value about three orders of magnitude smaller than N ₀ . This can be said to be a direct consequence of Equation (5) shown above. Moreover, as shown in FIG. 17, the concentration of acetic acid and NH ₃ that are simultaneously measured also becomes 1 ppm or less after 10 minutes from the start of operation. Thus, by simultaneously operating the air cleaning device and the 100% circulation feedback system, the performance of the air cleaning device can be dramatically improved.

  Thus, in the highly clean room system 10 which is an air purification system of a closed circulation system, the dust collection efficiency does not greatly depend on the dust collection rate of the filter. For this reason, even if the dust collection rate of the filter is lowered, the dust collection efficiency as seen in the case of an open air cleaning system is not significantly reduced. In the highly clean room system 10, the margin created when the dust collection rate need not be close to 1 can be directed to sterilization and sterilization. In addition, it is highly clean just by installing a fan / filter unit, for example, a commercially available air purifier, etc., in which a blower port and an intake port are integrated in a sealed space to which a 100% circulation feedback system is connected. The environment can be obtained, and the life of the filter installed in the fan / filter unit can be extended. It is also very effective to install a commercially available photocatalyst such as KPD1000 or an air purifier using metal radicals inside the main chamber 20 provided with a 100% circulation feedback system. By installing an air purifier specialized in virus suppression and odor removal rather than dust suppression in a low dust environment, performance degradation due to filter clogging with dust can be suppressed to almost zero, and Specializing in roles such as activation and deodorization. Furthermore, since the filter is hardly clogged, long-term reliability can be obtained. In this way, in addition to the system of this embodiment equipped with a 100% circulation feedback system, a system that uses a commercially available cleaner / air conditioner can enhance the ability of cleaning not by the sum but by the product. The performance of the system when it is new can be maintained semipermanently.

Next, the air purification in the front chamber 40 when the fan filter unit 44 (pure space 1, discharge air flow = [1 m ³ / min]: manufactured by ASONE) provided in the front chamber 40 is operated alone. Describe the degree.

  FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram showing changes in the number of dust particles in a short time when the fan / filter unit 44 constituting the 100% circulation feedback system connected in the front chamber 40 is operated. As shown in FIG. 19, the total number of dust particles having a particle size of 0.5 [μm] or more in the front chamber 40 after operation of the fan / filter unit 44 per cubic foot is several hundred thousand before the operation is started. What was an individual decreases to about 40,000 per cubic foot, about one third in about 5 minutes from the start of operation, and decreases to about 1000 per cubic foot after about 10 minutes. Thereafter, this cleanliness is maintained for a long time. Thus, the front chamber 40 can effectively reduce the amount of dust in the front chamber 40 in about 5 minutes from the start of operation of the fan / filter unit 44.

In FIG. 20, the fan filter unit 44 provided in the front chamber 40 is changed to a pure space 10 (maximum discharge flow rate = 11 [1 m ³ / min]) manufactured by AS ONE, which is a large capacity fan filter unit. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the results obtained by operating with the discharge air flow rate = 11 [m ³ / min]. As shown in FIG. 20, among the number of dust particles in the front chamber 40, the total number of dust particles having a particle size of 0.5 [μm] or more is about one million per cubic foot before the start of operation. What was there is almost zero in two and a half minutes from the start of operation of the pure space 10. The total number of dust particles having a particle size of 0.3 [μm] or more was about 10 million per cubic foot before the start of operation, but about 2 minutes after the start of operation of the pure space 10. 10 or less. In this way, by appropriately setting the fan / filter unit 44 to be used according to the volume of the front chamber 40, the inside of the front chamber 40 can be made an ultra-high clean environment in a very short time. From the above, it has been demonstrated that the front room 40 of the highly clean room system 10 of the present embodiment can be obtained with extremely high performance as a front room. This can be done, for example, by sitting on a Japanese-style ryokan “stepping” (shoe-removing space) and unleashing the shoelaces of leather shoes in a very short time (approximately 1-2 minutes). It shows that the cleanliness of the (front chamber) can be improved to about US209D class 0.1.

  Next, a case where a person enters the main room 20 of the highly clean room system 10 via the front room 40 will be described. Before a person enters the main room 20, the doorway 8 and the sliding door 47 are completely closed, and the outside, the front room 40, and the main room 20 are completely isolated. Further, the interior of the main room 20 is kept clean by a 100% circulation feedback system.

  Here, when a person enters the front chamber 40 from the doorway 8 and closes the doorway 8 and starts the 100% circulation feedback system of the front chamber 40, the dust in the front chamber 40 is quickly collected by the filter as described above. The cleanliness of the chamber 40 is rapidly improved. At this time, oxygen in the anterior chamber 40 is consumed by human breathing, but because the shoji paper is stretched as the gas exchange membrane 26 on the sliding door 47, oxygen is supplied by the gas exchange function described above. There is no problem in staying in the front room 40.

  In this way, with the doorway 8 and the sliding door 47 closed, the front room 40 waits for about 2 minutes, and then opens the sliding door 47 and enters the main room 20 to improve the cleanliness of the main room 20. A person or the like can enter and exit the main room 20 from outside without lowering.

  FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram illustrating changes in the relative cleanliness of the main room 20 when a person enters the main room 20 from the front room 40 via the sliding door 47. As shown in FIG. 21, it has been demonstrated that the cleanliness of the main room 20 before and after entering the main room 20 from the external space through the doorway 8, the front room 40, and the sliding door 47 does not change. This is because the doorway provided between the front chamber 40 and the main chamber 20 is constituted by the sliding door 47, so there is no volume change at the time of opening and closing, and therefore pressure change and air feed effect (piston effect) In addition, there is no air flow in and out of the main room 20 when a human enters or exits. Therefore, since there is no inflow of dusty outside air, the cleanliness of the main chamber 20 is always kept good. In this way, the highly clean room system 10 is configured by the front room 40 and the main room 20, and the doorway separating the front room 40 and the main room 20 is the sliding door 47, thereby maintaining the cleanliness in the main room 20. It is possible to go back and forth between the main room 20 and the outside. The doorway 8 can also be maintained as a door to keep it to a minimum of renovation, but in the meaning of avoiding the above pressure generation and air feeding effect (piston effect), and in hospitals and special nursing homes, etc. In order to avoid a collision with a passing person or a wheelchair, or when making a new construction or the like, it is more preferable that the doorway 8 is also a sliding door. Others are the same as in the first and second embodiments.

  According to the third embodiment, there are advantages similar to those of the first and second embodiments, and the living space 6 is divided into the front room 40 and the main room 20 by the sliding door 47, and the front room 40 Since the entrance 8 through which the person enters and exits is provided on the side, the person who enters through the entrance 8 from the outside space once waits for several tens of seconds to 2 minutes in the front chamber 40, and then opens the sliding door 47 By entering the main room 20, it is possible to reach the main room 20 from the external space without deteriorating the cleanliness in the main room 20 at all. Further, the sliding door 47 can be provided with gas exchange capability by putting a gas exchange membrane 26 such as shoji paper on the sliding door 47 while bringing out the taste of old Japanese shoji. In this way, the gas exchange membrane 26 forming a part of the wall 9 constituting the room 1 is made of shoji-like filter cloth or shoji paper, and the entrance / exit and the partition between the main room and the front room (stepping) are used as the sliding door. This makes it possible to configure the living space 6 in a Japanese style, and the styles cultivated in Japan's history over several hundreds of years through modern technology and theoretical formulas (1) to (17). Sophisticated and not just limited to long-term excellent housing concept and energy management, but also a clean air environment that can be enjoyed in everyday life, the best air environment that was normal in ancient Japan It can be revived to the present age. In addition, traditional Japanese lifestyles such as shoji, cocoons, and sliding doors are re-recognized through the present invention as natural and inevitable preparations and procedures for realizing a permanent clean space rather than discipline. A sliding door style Japanese-style room with a shoji paper gas exchange membrane, a wall with internal space, and a 100% circulation feedback system can be sent to the world as a cutting-edge 21st-century style living space. In addition, dust that is inevitably generated in a general living space can be actively removed with a dust filter, etc., so that the interior of the room can be dramatically increased compared to conventional clean rooms that simply push out dust generated in the room. High cleanliness and high cleanliness can be maintained even if dust is generated inside.

<4. Fourth Embodiment>
FIG. 22 shows a highly clean room system 10 according to the fourth embodiment. In the drawing, the broken line portion indicates walls such as a partition wall and a ceiling wall provided inside the rooms 1a and 1b, and the internal configurations of the other rooms 1a and 1b are indicated by solid lines.
As shown in FIG. 22, this highly clean room system 10 includes two independent rooms that are different from each other. Among the adjacent rooms, the room 1a in the second embodiment is provided on the right side of the drawing, and the room 1b in the third embodiment is provided on the left side. The room 1 a and the room 1 b are separated from each other by a wall 9 and a utility space 19 of each room is arranged at a line-symmetrical position. By arranging the utility space 19 in this way, the utility space 19 can be generally used not only in hospitals and nursing homes but also in hotels, condominiums, and the like. Therefore, this highly clean room system 10 can be easily applied to existing buildings. Also, if the entrance / exit room is a two-stage system, it works very well. For example, public buildings, swimming pools, ceramic plate baths, bedrock baths, bedrock baths, nail salons, massages, etc. It can be applied to the physical care industry, nursing homes, special nursing homes, hospitals, kindergartens and schools.

  In this way, it is possible not only to easily obtain a low dust space by incorporating the above system configuration for collective housing, nursing homes, hospitals, etc. having a large number of rooms, but also for chemical substances, odors, etc. An ultra-high clean space that can be disassembled instantly can be obtained. For example, it is good also as a common space by connecting the internal space 7 of the wall 9 of the room 1. This mode will be described in detail in a 21st embodiment to be described later. In addition, multiple rooms 1 are connected, and a centralized system in which one or a small number of fan / filter units 21 are arranged in a part of a plurality of living spaces or main rooms where air is communicated, enables batch cleaning of a plurality of rooms. It can also be done. That is, a plurality of gas flow paths 24 provided in each room 1 are connected in an airtight manner, and clean air is supplied to the plurality of rooms 1 by one or a small number of fan / filter units 21. This connection is performed by, for example, a duct. For example, the internal space 7 of the wall 9 of each room 1 is connected in order, and the fan / filter unit 21 is connected, and then the living space 6 or the main room 20 of each room 1 is connected. The air blowers provided in the room 1 are connected to each other so that air is blown. This mode will be described in detail in a 21st embodiment to be described later. Others are the same as in any of the first to third embodiments.

  According to the fourth embodiment, it is possible to obtain a highly clean room system 10 that has the same advantages as the first to third embodiments and can be easily applied to an existing building. .

<5. Fifth embodiment>
FIG. 23 shows a highly clean room system 10 according to the fifth embodiment.
As shown in FIG. 23, the highly clean room system 10 is configured by two independent rooms that are different from each other. Of the adjacent room, the room 1c in the drawings the left, the room R ₃ is provided on the right side. In this figure, the room R ₃ represented by a one-dot chain line is a virtual room, the configuration is not limited as long as it has a separate configuration and room 1c. In the drawing, the broken line portion indicates walls such as a partition wall and a ceiling wall provided inside the room 1c, and the other internal configurations of the room 1c are indicated by solid lines.

  In the room 1c, the wall 9 on the right side of the drawing of the room 1a shown in the second embodiment is provided as a wall specialized for gas exchange only. Specifically, an opening is provided in a part of the inner wall 9a of the wall 9 so that the inner space 7 as the first inner space communicates with the living space 6, and the opening is completely closed. A gas exchange membrane 26 is provided, and one internal space is configured exclusively for gas exchange. In addition, the internal space 12 that is the second internal space formed by the wall 13 that is the side wall provided facing the wall 9 inside the living space 6 is completely isolated from the ceiling 5 and the outside. . An opening 23 is provided in the inner wall 13 a of the wall 13, and the internal space 12 and the suction port of the fan / filter unit 44 are connected in an airtight manner by the gas flow path 24. And one interior space is configured exclusively for 100% circular feedback. Further, for example, the width of the opening 23 may be any width as long as it is in a range from one side of the wall 9 to the other side, but the interior of the living space 6 can be increased by increasing the width of the opening. The entire air can be sucked uniformly. By adopting such a configuration, the configuration can be simplified, and by making the entire wall a circulation path, air current can be uniformly sucked from the lower portion of the side wall and fed back, and the living space 6 can be fed back. The whole can be cleaned uniformly and without unevenness. In this way, one internal space is not provided with the functions of both gas exchange and 100% circulation feedback, but is individualized, thereby greatly increasing the cross-sectional flow rate of the circulation path and increasing the flow conductance. Gas exchange efficiency can be improved. Others are the same as in any of the first to fourth embodiments.

  According to the fifth embodiment, the same advantages as in the first to fourth embodiments are obtained, and one internal space is not provided with both functions of gas exchange and 100% circulation feedback. By individualizing, the cross-sectional flow rate of the circulation path can be greatly increased, the flow conductance can be increased, and the gas exchange efficiency can be improved.

<6. Sixth Embodiment>
FIG. 24 shows a highly clean room system 10 according to a sixth embodiment.
As shown in FIG. 24, this highly clean room system 10 is configured by two independent rooms adjacent to each other. Of the adjacent room, the room 1d in the left side of the drawing, the room R ₄ is provided on the right side. In this figure, the room R ₄ represented by the dashed line is a virtual line is a virtual room, the configuration is not limited as long as it has a separate configuration and room 1d. In the drawing, the broken line portion indicates walls such as a partition wall and a ceiling wall provided inside the room 1d, and the other internal configurations of the room 1d are indicated by solid lines.

  The room 1d includes a wall 9 which is a right side wall in the drawing of the room 1b shown in the third embodiment and an internal space 7 which is a first internal space formed by the wall 9 in the fifth embodiment. It has the same structure as the internal space 12 which is the wall 13 provided in the room 1c shown in the form and the second internal space formed by the wall 13. Thus, the entire internal space 7 is configured as a part of the gas flow path 24, and one internal space is configured exclusively for 100% circulation feedback. With such a configuration, the configuration can be simplified and the entire wall can be used as a circulation path. Further, the airflow can be sucked uniformly from the lower portion of the side wall and fed back, and the entire living space 6 can be cleaned uniformly and without unevenness. Others are the same as in any of the first to fifth embodiments.

  According to the sixth embodiment, the same advantages as those of the first to fifth embodiments can be obtained.

<7. Seventh Embodiment>
FIG. 25 shows a highly clean room system 10 according to the seventh embodiment. In the drawing, broken line portions indicate walls such as partition walls and ceiling walls provided inside the rooms 1c and 1d, and the other configurations inside the rooms 1c and 1d are indicated by solid lines.
As shown in FIG. 25, this highly clean room system 10 is configured by two independent rooms adjacent to each other. Of the adjacent rooms, the room 1c shown in the fifth embodiment on the right side of the drawing and the room 1d shown in the sixth embodiment on the left side are symmetrical with respect to the wall separating the two rooms. The gas flow path 24 is provided so as to be arranged.

FIG. 26 is a cross-sectional view showing a 2-duct wall-embedded circulation path, which is a modification of this embodiment.
As shown in FIG. 26, the internal space 12 of the room 1c and the internal space 7 of the room 1d are used as a common space, which is an internal space 7, and two gases respectively provided in the room 1c and the room 1d are provided in the internal space 7. The flow path 24 is accommodated. In this case, the wall 9 has a function as a partition wall, and the wall 9 is configured by providing two inner walls 9a so as to face each other. A double circle symbol with a black center circle indicates that the airflow is flowing upward on the page. In the internal space 7, as described above, the gas flow path 24 is housed, for example, in a nested manner, and a 100% circulating food back system is configured. Further, a part of the wall material 63 in the portion where the gas flow path 24 is provided is constituted by the gas exchange membrane 26, and the living space 6 in the room 1c and the living space 6 in the room 1d, which are spaces separating the gas exchange membrane 26, It is comprised so that gas exchange is possible between. When gas is allowed to flow into the internal space 7, the living space 6 of both the room 1c and the room 1d can be made into a highly clean room at once without narrowing both rooms. That is, this structure is the ultimate structure that can suppress the narrowing of the room to the limit. In addition to the conventional room structure, there is no additional volume-consuming part, and the clean living environment space (room) floor area and volume ratio of the entire building can be reduced and the clean living can be done. It is possible to keep the living space 6 of the room 1 at an extremely high cleanness without discharging dust from the room to the external space. In addition, this embodiment can be configured by replacing the living space 6 with the main room 20, the front room 40, and the like.

  For example, it is good also as a common space by connecting the external air introduction space of the internal space 7 of the wall 9 of the adjacent room 1. Further, by connecting a plurality of rooms 1, a portion where there is air communication with the plurality of living spaces 6, that is, one surface in contact with the living space 6 and another opening 23 that satisfies the above-described condition are connected. A plurality of rooms 1 can be collectively cleaned by a centralized system in which one or a small number of fan / filter units 21 are arranged at both ends or in the middle of the gas flow path 24. This form works very well where the entrance and exit of the room 1 is a two-stage type, which is composed of the front room 40 and the main room 20, and is a public bath, pool, bedrock bath, nail It can be applied to body care industries such as salons and massages, nursing homes, special elderly homes, hospitals, kindergartens, and schools. Others are the same as in any of the fourth to sixth embodiments.

  According to the seventh embodiment, there are advantages similar to those of the fourth to sixth embodiments, and the gas flow path 24 provided back to back in the adjacent room 1 is circulated in a two-duct wall embedded type. By using the road, it is possible to eliminate the additional volume-consuming part of the conventional room structure, and to reduce the floor area and volume ratio of the clean living environment space (room) relative to the entire building. In addition, the interior space of the room can be kept at a very high level of cleanliness without discharging dust from the clean living room to the outside space.

<8. Eighth Embodiment>
FIG. 27 is a perspective view showing a highly clean room system 10 according to the eighth embodiment. In addition, the shaded part in the drawing is shown for clarifying the configuration of the highly clean room system 10, and does not show a cross section. In the drawing, a broken line portion indicates walls such as a partition wall and a ceiling wall provided inside the room 1, and other configurations inside the room 1 are indicated by solid lines.
As shown in FIG. 27, this highly clean room system 10 is configured by incorporating a 100% circulation feedback system into a sealed rectangular parallelepiped room 1. The hollow wall 3 is formed integrally with the wall 9 having the inner wall 9a and the outer wall 9b in the above-described embodiment, and the internal space 7 formed by the wall 3 is completely hollow. Is. The room 1 is configured by being enclosed and surrounded by a wall 2, and specifically, is configured by being enclosed and enclosed by a ceiling wall 2a, a floor wall 2g, and a plurality of side walls 2b to 2e. Has been. At least one of the side walls 2 constituting the room 1 is constituted by a hollow wall 3. The hollow wall 3 has a cylindrical shape having a rectangular hollow cross section. The hollow wall 3 and the side wall 2b are provided so as to be sandwiched between the ceiling wall 2a and the floor wall 2g. That is, the side surface 2d facing the side wall 2b is provided in contact with the main surface of the ceiling wall 2a and the main surface of the floor wall 2g. The hollow wall 3 is provided so that the bottom surface and the top surface are openings of the cylinder, and the two openings are closed by being blocked by the main surface of the ceiling wall 2a and the main surface of the floor wall 2g, respectively. Create a space. The room 1 thus forms a living space 6 that is a closed space that is enclosed by a plurality of walls. The space formed by the hollow wall 3, the ceiling wall 2a, and the floor wall 2g described above constitutes the internal space 7. The room 1 is provided with an entrance 8 through which people can enter and exit from the outside. Further, the top surface of the room 1 is constituted by a top wall 2h, and a space sandwiched between the ceiling wall 2a and the top wall 2h of the room 1 forms a ceiling back 5.

  On the ceiling wall 2a in the ceiling back 5 is provided a fan / filter unit 21 indicated by hatching in the drawing. An opening corresponding to the outlet of the fan / filter unit 21 is provided in the ceiling wall 2a, and the opening and the outlet of the fan / filter unit 21 are connected in an airtight manner, so that the living space 6 A blow-out port 22 for discharging air is formed inside. Further, by installing the fan / filter unit 21 on the side of the living space 6 of the ceiling wall 2a, the outlet of the fan / filter unit 21 can be used as the outlet 22. Moreover, the opening 23 which collect | recovers the air in the living space 6 is provided in the surface at the side of the living space 6 of the hollow wall 3. The opening 23 is preferably provided at the lowermost part of the surface of the hollow wall 3. The top of the hollow wall 3 is connected to an inlet of a gas channel 24 provided in the ceiling back 5 with airtightness, and the outlet of the gas channel 24 is connected to the inlet of the fan / filter unit 21 in an airtight manner. Connected with sex. Further, by providing the opening 25 in the ceiling wall 2 a that closes the opening of the hollow wall 3, the internal space 7 and the gas flow path 24 are inserted in an airtight manner, and the opening 23 and the suction of the fan / filter unit 21 are inserted. The mouth is connected with airtightness. Thus, the internal space 7 is configured as a part of the gas flow path 24, and the opening 23 and the outlet 22 are provided in the living space 6, thereby forming a 100% circulation feedback system for the living space 6. The The fan / filter unit 21 and the gas flow path 24 connected thereto may be provided on the ceiling wall 2a on the living space 6 side. In this case, the living wall 6 side of the hollow wall 3 is provided. An opening is provided on this surface, and the gas flow path 24 is connected to the opening with airtightness, whereby the internal space 7 and the gas flow path 24 are inserted. Further, when the fan / filter unit 21 is provided in the living space 6, for example, it is provided in a fan / filter unit housing portion that is hermetically sealed.

  The living space 6 is a closed space where a person or the like stays. The entrance 8 provided on the side wall of the room 1 is provided so that a person can enter and leave the living space 6 from the outside. When the doorway 8 is closed, the living space 6 is completely sealed from the outside. Further, the airtightness of the entrance / exit 8 for entering the living space 6 is enhanced, and the living space 6 has an outflow and inflow of outside air (inside and outside the living space 6) except for the outside air flowing out and inflowing directly through the entrance / exit 8. It has an airtight structure with no gas conduction). Moreover, it is preferable that the entrance / exit 8 is the sliding door 47, and thereby, pressure fluctuation between the outside and the living space 6 due to opening / closing of the entrance / exit 8 can be minimized. Thus, since the living space 6 is completely sealed from the external space when the doorway 8 is closed, a mechanism for supplying oxygen to the living space 6 is required. Therefore, at least a part of the surface of the hollow wall 3 that is in contact with the external space is constituted by a gas exchange membrane 26 indicated by hatching in the drawing. Thereby, exchange of gas molecules is performed between the internal space 7 and the space constituting the corridor 33, and, for example, exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and the like is performed between the living space 6 and the external space.

  The gas flow path 24 and the internal space 7 are connected with airtightness, and the opening 23 is provided on the surface of the hollow wall 3 on the side of the living space 6, so that all of the gas discharged from the blowing port 22 is opened 23. The air passes through the fan / filter unit 21 via the internal space 7 and the gas flow path 24, and the air is again discharged into the living space 6. This forms 100% cyclic feedback as described above. As described above, when a 100% circulation feedback system is formed in the living space 6 and the fan / filter unit 21 constituting the 100% circulation feedback system is operated, the air cleanliness in the living space 6 jumps as described above. Improve. As described above, the room 1 is configured so that the gas flow path 24 is formed as a part of the internal space 7 formed by the hollow wall 3 or the like, so that the room 1 does not become narrower than the room 1 and is a highly clean room system. 10 can be configured.

  Moreover, a photocatalyst is provided in the flow path of a gas flow path as needed, for example. The inside of the gas passage includes the inside of the internal space 7 and the inside of the gas passage 24. Although the place where the photocatalytic filter is provided is not basically limited, it is preferably a place where light can be collected, and for example, the wall surface constituting the gas flow path 24 is preferably formed of a transparent body made of a transparent material. . For example, it is preferable that the wall surface of the room 1 facing the gas flow path 24 is made of a transparent body. Examples of the transparent material include transparent inorganic materials such as glass and transparent resin materials such as acrylic. Examples of the transparent body provided in the room 1 include a bay window. In addition, for example, a configuration may be used in which light is supplied to the photocatalytic filter using a waveguide optical path such as a lens, a prism, or an optical fiber. As the photocatalytic filter, for example, it is also preferable to use a tungsten oxide-based material that can use visible light.

  The shape of the gas flow path 24 is basically not limited as long as it has a configuration that is completely sealed from the outside so that all the gas introduced from the internal space 7 is discharged from the blowout port 22, but for example, A shape with less loss of flow is preferred. Specifically, the shape of the gas flow path 24 is preferably, for example, a cylindrical shape having a cross-sectional shape such as a rectangular shape, a square shape, a circular shape, an elliptical shape, or the like, for example. The gas flow paths 24 may be combined. Further, the cylindrical shape is preferably, for example, a shape in which the cylinder linearly extends. Further, the gas flow path 24 may be configured by arranging a plurality of gas flow paths in parallel. Moreover, it is preferable that the gas flow path 24 has the same shape as the cross section of the hollow wall 3, for example.

  The installation position of the gas flow path 24 is basically not limited, but for example, the position connected to the internal space 7 is preferably the central region of the opening of the hollow wall 3. Specifically, the gas flow path 24 is provided, for example, on the ceiling wall 2a on the ceiling back 5 side so as to extend in parallel with one side of the surface of the ceiling wall 2a. The gas flow path 24 which has a 90 degree | times bending part is comprised by having and connecting. With this configuration, the gas flow path 24 is completely isolated from the internal space 7. Moreover, it is preferable that the gas flow path 24 is provided, for example so that the blowing port 22 may become a position mutually parallel with respect to the position of the opening 23. FIG.

  The position where the gas exchange membrane 26 is provided is not basically limited, and can constitute at least a part of the wall constituting the room 1, but the position where the gas exchange membrane 26 is provided is, for example, It is preferably a place that is not affected by rain, wind, or the like. Further, when the gas exchange membrane 26 constitutes at least a part of the surface in contact with the external space of the hollow wall 3, a mechanism in which the flow direction of the gas flowing through the gas exchange membrane 26 matches the flow velocity is used. It is preferable to provide it. Specifically, a gas may be flowed in a region facing the internal space 7 with respect to the gas exchange membrane 26 so that the flow direction and the flow velocity are equal to the gas flowing in the internal space 7. Moreover, the living space 6 can be comprised as a Japanese-style room by comprising the gas exchange membrane 26 which comprises a part of inner wall surface of the room 1, for example in a shoji-like. At this time, for example, the doorway 8 may be a sliding door and may be configured with a shoji door.

  When oxygen is supplied from an external space such as a corridor to the living space 6 through the internal space 7, the gas exchange membrane 26 does not pass dust into the internal space 7. In addition, the internal space 7 and the gas flow path 24 are hermetically sealed, and the internal space 7 and the gas flow path 24 are connected with airtightness. The outside air introduced into the inside of the inside 5 does not enter. As a result, even if oxygen is supplied into the living space 6, dust is not supplied into the living space 6, and the cleanliness is maintained.

  The shapes of the opening 23 and the outlet 22 are not basically limited, but specifically, for example, it is preferable to have a rectangular shape, a square shape, a circular shape, or an elliptical shape. Further, the position where the opening 23 is provided is not basically limited as long as the opening 23 is provided in a part of the hollow wall 3, but is preferably provided as close to the bottom wall 2g as possible. In addition, the position where the blowout port 22 is provided is not basically limited, but is preferably provided as high as possible, and is preferably provided near the center of the ceiling wall 2a. Moreover, it is preferable that the opening 23 and the blowing port 22 are provided in the mutually parallel position as mentioned above, for example.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the distance between the opening 23 of the gas flow path 24 and the outlet 22 has a sufficient distance. The distance between the opening 23 and the outlet 22 is, for example, that the longest distance x in the interval distribution between the opening 23 and the outlet 22 is the distance X of the living space 6 in the direction in which x is defined. The ratio x / X is greater than 0.3, preferably x / X is 0.35 or more, most preferably x / X is 0.4 or more, and the direction in the range of 1.0 or less is at least It is preferable that there is one.

  The volume of the internal space 7 is not basically limited, but the volume of the internal space 7 should be as small as possible. When the hollow wall 3 is formed of a wall having a rectangular hollow cross section, the length (thickness) of the short side of the hollow portion of the cross section is typically about 8 to 20 cm, and is 5 cm or more and 40 cm or less. It is preferable. It is desirable to use a steel material having a bracing or a C-shaped cross section in a portion adjacent to the hollow portion to give strength as a wall. The thickness of the internal space 7 is preferably a minimum thickness that supports the structure of the room 1, but is not limited thereto.

  The gas exchange membrane 26 may basically be provided at any position as long as it is provided so as to constitute at least a part of the wall constituting the highly clean room system 10, for example, the highly clean room system. 10 is preferably provided on a wall other than the outer wall that is exposed to wind and rain. Moreover, it is preferable that the flow of the outside air introduced from the vent 11 is provided at a position where it is not obstructed by the gas flow path 24.

The shape of the gas exchange membrane 26 is not basically limited, but is preferably a square, a rectangle, or the like. The size of the gas exchange membrane 26 is basically not limited, but for example, the size of one sheet is preferably 135 cm × 135 cm. Further, the total area of the gas exchange membranes 26 in contact with the living space 6 for one person staying in the living space 6 is preferably 500 cm ² / person or more, more preferably 700 cm ² / person or more. 900 cm ² / person or more is most preferable.

  The gas exchange membrane 26 is basically not limited as long as it has a function of exchanging dust particles without exchanging dust particles in both spaces separated by the gas exchange membrane 26. When a 3% oxygen concentration difference occurs between the spaces separated by the gas exchange membrane 26, it preferably has an oxygen molecule diffusing capacity of 0.25 L / min or more. Specifically, the gas exchange membrane 26 is preferably, for example, cloth, nonwoven fabric, shoji paper, Japanese paper, or the like. In the case where the gas exchange membrane 26 is made of shoji paper, a shoji window that is a shoji-like window combined with a wooden lattice can be used. By configuring in this way, the corridor 33 can be configured in a Japanese style. In addition, for example, a shoji window can be provided on a part of the wall constituting the room 1, and the interior of the room 1 can be configured in a Japanese style.

  Moreover, the entrance / exit 8 is not basically limited as long as a person can enter and exit between the external space and the living space 6 and has a function of blocking both spaces. However, it is preferable that the sliding door has a small pressure difference between the two spaces during opening and closing. Moreover, a sliding door can be made into a shoji door by combining with the shoji paper which is the gas exchange membrane 26, for example.

28A to 28C are cross-sectional views showing an example of a hollow wall that is a wall including an internal space used in the highly clean room system 10.
As shown in FIG. 28A, the hollow wall 3 is integrally formed and has a cylindrical shape having a rectangular cross section. As shown in FIG. 28B, the hollow wall 3 is formed by providing two intermediate pillars 3c between the inner wall 3a and the outer wall 3b that are provided to face each other at a predetermined interval. Become. The two intermediate pillars 3c are provided so as to constitute, for example, side surfaces of the hollow wall 3 that face each other. As shown in FIG. 28C, this hollow wall 3 is provided with pillars 3d on opposite side portions of the inner wall 3a and the outer wall 3b that are provided to face each other at a predetermined interval, thereby opening the both side portions. Is blocked. Thus, the hollow wall 3 can be formed not only by a single material but also by combining a plurality of materials. Moreover, you may make it comprise a hollow wall by providing a new partition in the side wall 2 of the room 1 at fixed intervals, and in this case, walls, such as a ceiling wall and a floor wall, are provided in both sides. Openings on both sides are closed. Thus, for example, in the case of a newly built house, the interior space 7 can be configured by configuring the partition or the like that configures the room with a hollow wall, and the highly clean room system 10 can be configured. As long as it is a partition that partitions the room, the hollow wall 3 that does not have a reinforcing material or the like may be used because the strength is not so high. For example, when renovating an existing house, a hollow wall is formed by replacing an existing wall or adding a panel to the existing wall, thereby forming an internal space 7 and a highly clean room. System 10 can be configured.

FIG. 29 is a cross-sectional perspective view showing a residence to which the highly clean room system 10 according to the eighth embodiment is applied.
As shown in FIG. 29, this residence 30 has a highly clean room system 10, a room 31 that is an existing room, and an underfloor space 34, and a corridor 33 is provided between the highly clean room system 10 and the room 31. doing.

  The room 1 constitutes a closed space surrounded by the wall 2 as shown in FIG. The room 1 is configured by being surrounded by a side wall 2b, a side wall 2c (not shown), a partition wall 2i, a hollow wall 3, a ceiling wall 2a, and a floor wall 2g. The partition wall 2 i is a wall provided to form the room 1 inside the residence 30, and has a doorway 8. The partition wall 2i is formed of a solid wall. The hollow wall 3 is also provided as a partition wall, and the partition wall 2 i and the hollow wall 3 are provided facing the corridor 33.

  The room 31 is configured by being surrounded by a wall 32. Specifically, the room 31 is configured by being surrounded by a ceiling wall 32a, a floor wall 32c, two side walls 32b, and two partition walls 32d. Has been. The partition wall 32d is formed of a solid wall in the same manner as the partition wall 2i. An entrance / exit 35 is provided in one of the two partition walls 32d. The room 31 basically has the same structure as the room 1 except that the structure does not have the hollow wall 3.

  The corridor 33 is a space where humans can come and go. The corridor 33 has a space surrounded by the hollow wall 3 constituting the room 1, the partition wall 32d constituting the room 31, the ceiling wall 32a, and the floor wall 32c. The corridor 33 has a space surrounded by a partition wall 2i, a ceiling wall 32a, and a floor wall 32c, and further includes a partition wall 32d having a doorway 35, a ceiling wall 32a, and a floor wall 32c. And have an enclosed space. By forming the corridor 33 in this way, a person or the like can enter and exit between the corridor and each room through the entrance / exit 35. A gas exchange membrane 26 is provided on the surface of the hollow wall 3 that forms the corridor 33.

  The underfloor space 34 is a space formed below the room 1, the room 31, and the hallway 33 via a floor wall. The underfloor space 34 is formed by being surrounded by, for example, an outer wall of the residence 30. On the outer wall, for example, an outside air inlet for introducing outside air is provided. The ceiling back 5 is a space formed above the room 1, the room 31, and the hallway 33 via a ceiling wall. The ceiling back 5 is formed, for example, by being sandwiched between a roof 4 that is a top wall and the ceiling wall 2a and surrounded by an outer wall of a residence. Similarly, for example, an outside air inlet is provided on the outer wall. The room 1 is configured to be isolated from the underfloor space 34 and the ceiling back 5, and air is not directly exchanged between the underfloor space 34 and the ceiling back 5 and the room 1. On the other hand, for example, outside air is appropriately introduced into the room 31 and the hallway 33 from the ceiling back 5, the underfloor space 34, and the like.

  The highly clean room system 10 is configured by applying a 100% circulation feedback system to the room 1 as shown in FIG. A fan / filter unit 21 is provided on the ceiling wall 2 a of the room 1 constituting the highly clean room system 10. The ceiling wall 2a is provided with an opening corresponding to the outlet of the fan / filter unit 21. The opening and the outlet of the fan / filter unit 21 are connected in an airtight manner, so that a living space is provided. A blowout port 22 for discharging air is formed in 6. Moreover, the opening 23 which collect | recovers the air in the living space 6 is provided in the surface at the side of the living space 6 of the hollow wall 3. The opening 23 is preferably provided at the lowermost part of the surface of the hollow wall 3 on the living space 6 side. Further, the inlet of the gas flow path 24 provided in the ceiling back 5 is connected to the uppermost side wall of the hollow wall 3 with airtightness, and the outlet of the gas flow path 24 is sucked into the fan / filter unit 21. It is connected to the mouth with airtightness. Further, by opening the side wall at the uppermost portion of the hollow wall 3, the hollow portion of the hollow wall 3 and the gas flow path 24 are inserted with airtightness, and the opening 23 and the suction port of the fan / filter unit 21 are connected. Connected with airtightness. As described above, the hollow wall 3 is configured as a part of the gas flow path 24, thereby forming a 100% circulation feedback system for the living space 6. Further, at least a part of the surface of the hollow wall 3 facing the corridor 33 is constituted by the gas exchange membrane 26, and exchange of gas molecules between the hollow portion of the hollow wall 3 and the space constituting the corridor 33. Is done. Thereby, exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, etc. is performed between the living space 6 and the corridor 33 which is an external space. The gas exchange membrane 26 in FIG. 29 is in direct contact with the outside world (in this case, the corridor space), and can be understood as one example of the case where the gas exchange membrane 26 is in direct contact with the outside world described in paragraph 0117 above. Please note that. That is, the present invention includes the case where one of the surfaces sandwiching the space of the hollow wall exists at infinity (that is, the gas exchange membrane has a predetermined area and is in direct contact with the outside world).

FIG. 30 is a sectional view showing the operation of the highly clean room system 10 according to the eighth embodiment.
As shown in FIG. 30, in the highly clean room system 10, air in the living space 6 is sucked from the opening 23, reaches the gas flow path 24 through the internal space 7, and is filtered by the fan / filter unit 21. Is discharged from the outlet 22 into the living space 6. The air exhausted into the living space 6 is again sucked from the opening 23, and by repeating such circulation, the cleanliness in the living space 6 is dramatically improved as described above. At least a part of the surface of the hollow wall 3 that is in contact with the outside air is constituted by a gas exchange membrane 26. The gas exchange membrane 26 exchanges gas between the external space and the internal space 7. Specifically, oxygen is supplied into the internal space 7 and carbon dioxide in the internal space 7 is released to the outside. Further, when the gas is exchanged, dust does not enter from the external space. The oxygen supplied into the internal space 7 is supplied to the living space 6 by the air flowing through the internal space 7. Further, carbon dioxide sucked from the living space 6 and passing through the inner space 7 is released to the outer space by the gas exchange membrane 26. Others are the same as in any of the first to seventh embodiments.

  According to the eighth embodiment, there are advantages similar to those of the first to seventh embodiments, the room is hermetically sealed, and the living space 6 formed by the sealed room 1 is 100%. Since the circulation feedback system is provided, the interior of the living space 6 can be maintained in a highly clean environment. Moreover, since at least a part of the walls constituting the room 1 is constituted by the gas exchange membrane 26, the oxygen concentration inside the living space 6 can be kept constant. Further, a fan / filter unit 21 and a gas flow path 24 connected to the fan / filter unit 21 are provided on the ceiling wall 2 a in the ceiling back 5, and at least one of the walls constituting the room 1 is a hollow wall 3. Since the 100% circulation feedback system is configured with the hollow portion of 3 as a part of the gas flow path 24, the 100% circulation feedback system is configured to be extremely compact by utilizing the configuration of a part of the room 1 in this way. The living space 6 can be maintained in a highly clean environment without making the room 1 narrow and without causing the resident to feel uncomfortable.

<9. Ninth Embodiment>
FIG. 31 shows a highly clean room system 10 according to the ninth embodiment. In addition, the shaded part in the drawing is shown for clarifying the configuration of the highly clean room system 10, and does not show a cross section. In the drawing, a broken line portion indicates walls such as a partition wall and a ceiling wall provided inside the room 1, and other configurations inside the room 1 are indicated by solid lines. In the following, the thickness of the wall surface in the figure is omitted for the sake of clarity.
As shown in FIG. 31, this highly clean room system 10 has an internal space 7 as an outside air introduction space, and a gas flow path 24 configured to be independently sealed inside the internal space 7.

  The internal space 7 is formed by providing a partition wall 17 as a first partition wall in the living space 6 with a predetermined interval on the side wall 2b. As described above, in the following embodiments, the internal space 7 is formed by installing a panel as a partition wall in the living space 6 instead of a hollow wall for the sake of clarity of the drawings, but is not limited thereto. For example, the internal space 7 can be configured by a hollow wall having a similar configuration.

  The partition wall 17 is provided in parallel with a certain distance on one of the side walls constituting the room 1 and does not have the entrance / exit 8 to form a double wall, and the space sandwiched by this is an internal space. 7 is configured.

  Moreover, only fresh air can be introduced into the living space 6 from the internal space 7 that is separated from the living space 6. This is realized by allowing outside air to be introduced into the internal space 7 and forming at least a part of the partition wall 17 with the gas exchange membrane 26. As for the introduction of the outside air into the internal space 7, the outside air is introduced into the internal space 7 by providing at least one vent 11 on the side wall 2 b forming the internal space 7. At this time, the outer surface of the side wall 2b is in contact with the external space. Further, when the internal space 7 is constituted by a hollow wall, at least one vent hole 11 is provided in a portion of the side wall of the hollow wall that contacts the external space.

  In addition, a gas flow path 24 that is hermetically sealed is provided in the internal space 7 so as to be isolated from the internal space 7. The gas flow path 24 is formed so as to be nested in the internal space 7, and is connected to the gas flow path 24 provided on the top wall 2 h of the room 1 with airtightness. It is connected to the fan / filter unit 21 with airtightness. When the fan / filter unit 21 and the gas flow path 24 connected thereto are provided on the surface of the top wall 2h in the living space 6, for example, an opening is provided in the partition wall 17 for connection. By being configured in this way, the gas flow path 24 is isolated from the internal space 7 that is an external air introduction space, and the external air does not flow directly into the gas flow path 24.

FIG. 32 is a plan view of the partition wall 17 as seen from inside the living space 6.
As shown in FIG. 32, a gas flow path 24 having a sliding door 47, which is an entrance / exit 8 provided in the side wall 2c indicated by the hatched portion in the drawing, and a blowout port 22 provided in the top wall 2h, is provided in the room 1. And have. A fan / filter unit 21 is built in the gas flow path 24. The partition wall 17 is at least partially constituted by a gas exchange membrane 26. A gas flow path 24 is connected to an opening provided in the upper part of the partition wall 17, and an opening 23 that is an opening is provided in the lower part. The gas exchange membrane 26 is configured like a shoji with shoji paper 26a and a wooden lattice 26b. The sliding door 47 is configured as a Japanese-style shoji door, and the living space 6 can be configured in a Japanese style.

  The gas flow path 24 is provided across the interior space 7 and the living space 6. The fan / filter unit 21 is provided in the gas flow path 24.

  The installation position of the gas flow path 24 is not basically limited as long as a part of the gas flow path 24 is provided in the internal space 7, but for example, in the ceiling 5 of the gas flow path 24 or in the living space 6. It is preferable that the portion provided on the top wall 2 h of the room 1 is provided. For example, when the gas flow path 24 is provided in the top wall 2h in the living space 6, the gas flow path 24 provided in the partition wall 17 as shown in FIG. The interior space 7 is reached from the living space 6 through the connectable opening 25. Specifically, the gas flow path 24 is provided such that, for example, the gas flow path 24 closed on the top wall 2h of the room 1 extends in parallel with one side of the top wall 2h, and the gas reaching the opening 25 is provided. The flow path 24 is connected to the opening 25 with airtightness, and a closed gas flow path 24 extending vertically upward from the bottom surface of the room 1 has airtightness in the opening 25 on the inner space 7 side. The gas flow path 24 having a 90-degree bent portion is configured. At this time, the end of the gas flow path 24 on the side of the room 1 is connected to a blow-out port 22 provided so that gas can be discharged vertically downward. A 100% circulation feedback system is configured by connecting with an opening 23 provided at the lowermost portion with airtightness. With this configuration, the gas flow path 24 is completely isolated from the internal space 7. Further, the gas flow path 24 is preferably provided, for example, such that the outlets 22 are parallel to each other with respect to the position of the opening 23. For example, the gas flow path 24 has a rectangular cross-sectional shape. In the case of the cylindrical shape, the gas flow path 24 is configured by an L-shaped curved pipe line that combines two rectangular parallelepipeds.

  The wall surface of the room 1 constituting the internal space 7 is provided with a vent 11 for introducing and discharging outside air into the internal space 7. Further, at least a part of the partition wall 17 is constituted by a gas exchange membrane 26. By being configured in this way, the outside air introduced into the internal space 7 supplies oxygen into the living space 6 through the gas exchange membrane 26. Unnecessary gas such as carbon dioxide generated in the living space 6 is discharged into the internal space 7 through the gas exchange membrane 26. Moreover, for example, the living space 6 can be configured as a Japanese-style room by configuring the gas exchange membrane 26 constituting the inner wall surface of the living space 6 in a shoji-like manner. At this time, for example, the doorway 8 may be a sliding door.

  When oxygen is supplied from the internal space 7 to the living space 6, the gas exchange membrane 26 does not pass dust particles into the living space 6. Moreover, since the gas flow path 24 provided in the internal space 7 maintains airtightness, the outside air introduced into the internal space 7 does not enter the gas flow path 24. By these things, even if oxygen is supplied in the living space 6 by introducing outside air into the internal space 7, the cleanliness in the living space 6 is maintained.

  For example, the gas flow path 24 can also be comprised by partitioning the internal space 7 with airtightness. Specifically, for example, a closed space having an opening 25 and an opening 23 is formed by partitioning the internal space 7 with two partition walls with airtightness.

  The shapes of the opening 23 and the outlet 22 are not basically limited, but specifically, for example, it is preferable to have a rectangular shape, a square shape, a circular shape, or an elliptical shape. In addition, the position where the opening 23 is provided in the room 1 is not basically limited as long as it is provided in a part of the partition wall 17, but is preferably provided as close as possible to the bottom surface of the room 1. Further, the position where the outlet 22 is provided in the room 1 is not basically limited, but is preferably as high as possible, and is preferably provided near the center of the room 1. Moreover, it is preferable that the opening 23 and the blowing port 22 are provided in the mutually parallel position as mentioned above, for example.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the distance between the opening 23 of the gas flow path 24 and the outlet 22 has a sufficient distance. The distance between the opening 23 and the outlet 22 is, for example, that the longest distance x in the interval distribution between the opening 23 and the outlet 22 is the distance X of the living space 6 in the direction in which x is defined. The ratio x / X is greater than 0.3, preferably x / X is 0.35 or more, most preferably x / X is 0.4 or more, and the direction in the range of 1.0 or less is at least It is preferable that there is one.

  The volume of the internal space 7 is not basically limited, and can be appropriately selected for design. The thickness of the internal space 7 is typically preferably 10 cm or more and 40 cm or less, and more preferably, for example, 8 cm or more and 20 cm or less. The width of the internal space 7 is about several times the horizontal width of the fan / filter unit 21 to be used, and a steel material having a brace or a C-shaped cross section is used as a wall for a portion adjacent to the hollow portion. It is desirable to have the strength of In addition, the thickness of the internal space 7 is preferably a minimum thickness that supports the structure of the room 1 in terms of the building structure, but is not limited thereto.

The position where the vent hole 11 is provided is basically not limited as long as it is in the outer wall of the room 1 constituting the inner space 7. For example, the inner space 7 is set so that wind and rain do not enter the inner space 7. It is provided on the side wall of the room 1 to be configured. The shape of the vent 11 is not basically limited, but is preferably a rectangular shape, for example. The size of the vent 11 is not basically limited, but is preferably 400 cm ² or more. The vent 11 is provided with a device for accelerating the gas as necessary. Specific examples of the device for accelerating the gas include a fan. Further, for example, a fence, a net, a filter, and the like are provided in the vent hole 11 so that rain, dust, insects, and the like from the outside do not enter the internal space 7.

  Gas molecules are exchanged between the internal space 7 and the living space 6, which are outside air introduction spaces, by the gas exchange membrane 26. For example, in the case where a plurality of vent holes 11 are provided in the side wall 2b constituting the internal space 7, for example, if one of the plurality of vent holes 11 is an outside air introduction port and the other is a discharge port, the outside air In the outside air containing oxygen taken into the internal space 7 from the inlet, only gas molecules permeate the gas exchange membrane 26 and supply oxygen to the living space 6. Further, the carbon dioxide that has passed through the gas exchange membrane 26 from the living space 6 and released into the internal space 7 is discharged to the outside through the discharge port.

In this case, the volume flow rate F _{0 of} air taken into the internal space 7 per hour may be, for example, F ₀ > V / 2h [m ³ / h], where V is the volume of the living space 6. Although preferable, it is not limited to this. In addition, for gas such as carbon dioxide generated in the living space 6, only gas molecules pass through the gas exchange membrane 26 and are discharged from the living space 6 to the internal space 7 and discharged from the discharge port to the outside. The Further, for example, a part of the wall surface constituting the gas flow path 24 can be constituted by the gas exchange membrane 26. In this way, by exchanging gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide through the gas exchange membrane 26, the oxygen concentration in the living space 6 is kept constant even if oxygen is consumed in the living space 6. In addition, even if gas such as carbon dioxide that is unnecessary for human life is generated in the living space 6, it can be discharged to the outside through the internal space 7. Others are the same as in any of the first to eighth embodiments.

  According to the ninth embodiment, the same advantages as those of the first to eighth embodiments can be obtained, and the internal space 7 is used as the outside air introduction space, which is independently sealed inside the internal space 7. Since the gas flow path 24 configured as described above is provided, outside air can be introduced into the living space 6 without using a 100% circulation feedback system. Also, a plurality of vents can be provided on the side wall constituting the internal space 7. In this case, for example, one of the plurality of vents 11 is an outside air inlet and the other is a discharge port. In the outside air containing oxygen taken into the internal space 7 from the outside air inlet, only gas molecules can pass through the gas exchange membrane 26 and supply oxygen to the living space 6. Moreover, the carbon dioxide which permeate | transmitted the gas exchange membrane 26 from the living space 6 and was discharge | released to the internal space 7 can be discharged | emitted outside from a discharge port.

<10. Tenth Embodiment>
FIG. 33 shows a highly clean room system 10 according to the tenth embodiment. In addition, the shaded part in the drawing is shown for clarifying the configuration of the highly clean room system 10, and does not show a cross section. In the drawing, a broken line portion indicates walls such as a partition wall and a ceiling wall provided inside the room 1, and other configurations inside the room 1 are indicated by solid lines.
As shown in FIG. 33, this highly clean room system 10 has a ceiling back 5 as an internal space 7, and a fan / filter unit 21 and a part of a gas flow path 24 are provided inside the ceiling back 5.

  The ceiling 5 which is an internal space is configured as an outside air introduction space into which outside air is introduced. The ceiling back 5 is a space formed by being surrounded by the top wall 2h, the ceiling wall 2a, and at least one side wall 4a. The side wall 4 a is provided with at least one vent hole 11, so that outside air is introduced into the ceiling 5. The ceiling wall 2 a is provided with at least one gas exchange membrane 26, and the back of the ceiling 5 and the living space 6 exchange gas molecules via the gas exchange membrane 26.

  The gas flow path 24 is provided on the ceiling wall 2 a in the ceiling back 5, and is similarly connected to the fan / filter unit 21 provided in the ceiling wall 2 a in the ceiling back 5. The fan / filter unit 21 is connected to the air outlet 22 with airtightness. Of the gas flow path 24, the portion below the ceiling wall 2 a is basically not limited. For example, the internal space 7 forms a part of the gas flow path 24 and is shown in the eighth embodiment. It is constructed in the same way as For example, the gas flow path 24 can also be comprised independently on the side wall 2b in the living space 6. FIG. Others are the same as in any of the first to ninth embodiments.

  According to the tenth embodiment, it has the same advantages as those of the first to ninth embodiments, the ceiling back 5 is used as a part of the storage space for the fan / filter unit 21 and the gas flow path 24, and Since the outside air introduction space is used, the highly clean room system 10 can be configured compactly.

<11. Eleventh embodiment>
FIG. 34 shows a highly clean room system 10 according to the eleventh embodiment. In addition, the shaded part in the drawing is shown for clarifying the configuration of the highly clean room system 10, and does not show a cross section. In the drawing, a broken line portion indicates walls such as a partition wall and a ceiling wall provided inside the room 1, and other configurations inside the room 1 are indicated by solid lines.
As shown in FIG. 34, in the highly clean room system 10 of the ninth embodiment, this highly clean room system 10 faces the side wall 2b constituting the gas flow path 24 among the side walls constituting the room 1. The side wall 2d is provided with an internal space 12 as a second internal space as an outside air introduction mechanism and / or an inside air discharge mechanism. In this case, the internal space 7 becomes the first internal space.

  The internal space 12 serving as an outside air introduction mechanism and / or an inside air discharge mechanism is provided on a side wall opposite to the side wall provided with the gas flow path 24. Further, for example, when the internal space 7 constitutes a part of the gas flow path 24, the internal space 12 is formed in the side wall 2d, and the internal space 12 can be configured as an outside air introduction space. This internal space 12 is configured to be isolated from the living space 6. The internal space 12 can be configured in the same manner as described above as the internal space. For example, in the living space 6, there is a method in which the partition wall 18 serving as the second partition wall is provided at a certain interval from the side wall 2d. Moreover, you may comprise the internal space 12 by making the side wall 2d into a hollow wall. By providing at least one vent hole 11 in the side wall 2d constituting the internal space 12, external air is introduced into the internal space 12 from the external space, and internal gas is discharged from the internal space 12 into the external space. Further, the vent hole 11 may be provided on the side wall 2 c in contact with the internal space 12. Further, since at least a part of the partition wall 18 is constituted by the gas exchange membrane 26, oxygen or the like is supplied into the living space 6 in the same manner as described above, and carbon dioxide is supplied to the internal space 12 from the living space 6. Etc. are discharged.

  The ceiling back 5 and the internal space 12 can be connected to each other by, for example, a common outside air introduction / inside air discharge mechanism. On the other hand, when the ceiling back 5 and the internal space 12 are configured as two independent outside air introduction / inside air discharge mechanisms, one can be an outside air introduction mechanism and the other can be an inside air discharge mechanism. In this case, for example, the vent hole 11a provided in at least one of the side walls 2c to 2e forming the ceiling 5 is the outside air introduction port, and the vent hole 11b provided in at least one of the side walls 2c to 2e forming the internal space 12 is used. Can be used as an inside air discharge port.

  For example, by providing a fan or the like in the vent 11a and the vent 11b, the gas is accelerated, forcibly introducing outside air into the outside air introduction / inside air discharge space, and from the outside air introduction / inside air discharge space. Gas is discharged. The combination of the outside air inlet and the outlet in the vent 11a and the vent 11b is appropriately designed and selected according to the application. For example, when the vent 11a is used as an outside air inlet, a fan provided in the vent 11a is provided so that gas is accelerated from the outside toward the inside of the internal space 12, and the vent 11b used as a discharge port. For example, the gas is provided so as to accelerate from the inside of the internal space 12 toward the outside. Others are the same as in any of the first to tenth embodiments.

  According to the eleventh embodiment, the outside air introduction mechanism is provided on the side wall opposite to the side wall provided with the gas flow path 24 while having the same advantages as the first to tenth embodiments. It is possible to quickly supply oxygen into the living space 6 and discharge unnecessary gas to the outside. Accordingly, it is possible to obtain a highly clean room system 10 that can quickly ventilate the living space 6 and supply abundant oxygen to the living space 6 in a form that is not different from a normal living space.

<12. Twelfth Embodiment>
FIG. 35 shows a highly clean room system 10 according to the twelfth embodiment. In addition, the shaded part in the drawing is shown for clarifying the configuration of the highly clean room system 10, and does not show a cross section. In the drawing, a broken line portion indicates walls such as a partition wall and a ceiling wall provided inside the room 1, and other configurations inside the room 1 are indicated by solid lines.
As shown in FIG. 35, this highly clean room system 10 has a configuration of the part of the ceiling 5 of the highly clean room system 10 of the ninth embodiment, which is the same as that of the highly clean room system 10 of the 10th embodiment. It is replaced with the structure of the part of the ceiling back 5. Specifically, the ceiling back 5 and the internal space 7 formed on the side wall 2b are independent outside air introduction / inside air discharge spaces, and the ceiling back 5 and the internal space 7 Is provided with a gas flow path 24 that is isolated and sealed.

  The ceiling back 5 and the internal space 7 that are the outside air introduction mechanism and / or the inside air discharge mechanism can be made to be a common outside air introduction mechanism and / or inside air discharge mechanism, for example, by communicating with each other. On the other hand, when the ceiling back 5 and the internal space 7 are configured as two independent outside air introduction mechanisms or inside air discharge mechanisms, one can be an outside air introduction mechanism and the other can be an inside air discharge mechanism. In this case, for example, the vent 11a provided in the side wall 2c forming the ceiling 5 can be used as an outside air introduction port, and the vent 11b provided in the side wall 2d forming the internal space 12 can be used as an inside air discharge port. Others are the same as in any one of the first to eleventh embodiments.

  According to the twelfth embodiment, the same advantages as those of any of the first to eleventh embodiments can be obtained, and the ceiling 5 of the highly clean room system 10 of the ninth embodiment can be obtained. Since the configuration of this portion is replaced with the configuration of the portion of the ceiling 5 of the highly clean room system 10 of the tenth embodiment, the gas exchange membrane 26 provided between the living space 6 and the outside air introduction space is configured. The total area can be greatly increased. Thereby, between the living space 6 and the outside air introduction space, there is an efficiency such as supply of oxygen from the outside air introduction space to the living space 6 and discharge of unnecessary gas generated in the living space 6 to the outside air introduction space. It has improved dramatically and can be quickly ventilated in the living space 6 and abundant supply of oxygen to the living space 6 while maintaining the same form as the normal living space 6. The highly clean room system 10 that can stay for a long time can be provided, and the space in which the gas flow path 24 is provided and the outside air introduction space are configured as a common space. Space can be achieved and the proportion of the living space 6 in the room can be increased.

<13. Thirteenth Embodiment>
FIG. 36 shows a highly clean room system 10 according to a thirteenth embodiment. In addition, the shaded part in the drawing is shown for clarifying the configuration of the highly clean room system 10, and does not show a cross section. In the drawing, a broken line portion indicates walls such as a partition wall and a ceiling wall provided inside the room 1, and other configurations inside the room 1 are indicated by solid lines.
As shown in FIG. 36, this highly clean room system 10 has a configuration of the highly clean room system 10 according to the twelfth embodiment, and a second internal space 12 of the highly clean room system 10 according to the eleventh embodiment. It is a combination of the configurations.

  The ceiling back 5, the internal space 7, and the internal space 12 that are the outside air introduction / inside air discharge mechanism are, for example, a common outside air introduction / inside air discharge mechanism by connecting the ceiling back 5 to at least one of the internal spaces. You can also On the other hand, when the ceiling back 5, the internal space 7, and the internal space 12 are configured as three independent outside air introduction mechanisms and / or inside air discharge mechanisms, at least one of these spaces is introduced into the outside air. The mechanism, at least one space can be a room air discharge mechanism. In this case, for example, the vent hole 11a provided in the side wall 2c forming the ceiling back 5 functions as an outside air introduction port, and the vent hole 11b provided in each side wall forming the internal space 7 and the internal space 12 functions as an internal air discharge port. . Others are the same as in any of the first to eleventh embodiments.

  According to the thirteenth embodiment, the same advantages as those of the first to twelfth embodiments can be obtained, and the living space 6 can be quickly ventilated and housed in a form that is not different from the ordinary living space. A highly clean room system 10 that can further increase the supply of abundant oxygen to the space 6 can be obtained.

<14. Fourteenth Embodiment>
FIG. 37 shows a highly clean room system 10 according to a fourteenth embodiment. In addition, the shaded part in the drawing is shown for clarifying the configuration of the highly clean room system 10, and does not show a cross section. In the drawing, a broken line portion indicates walls such as a partition wall and a ceiling wall provided inside the room 1, and other configurations inside the room 1 are indicated by solid lines.
As shown in FIG. 37, this highly clean room system 10 is the highly clean room system 10 according to the eighth embodiment, in which a front room 40 provided with a 100% circulation feedback system is provided inside the living space 6. It is.

  The front chamber 40 is a closed space where a human can wait for a certain period of time, and is formed by partitioning the living space 6 with partition walls 41a and 41b. Specifically, for example, the partition walls described above are used for the partition walls 41a and 41b. Specifically, the front chamber 40 is formed by being surrounded by the side walls 2b, 2c, the two partition walls 41a, 41b, the bottom surface 2g, and the ceiling wall 2a of the room 1. As described above, the living space 6 has the front chamber 40 which is a closed space where people and the like can enter and exit, and the front chamber 40 has a partition wall 41a so as to form a new closed space inside the living space 6. And 41b are provided. The side wall 2c of the room 1 constituting the front chamber 40 has an entrance 8 that is a first entrance. Further, the partition wall 41a provided to face the doorway 8 has a sliding door 47 as a second doorway. For example, the sliding door 47 may be installed on one of the partition walls 41a and 41b, or may be installed on both. Of the living space 6 partitioned in this way, the part other than the front room 40 constitutes the main room 20, and the sliding door 47 is configured to be able to enter and exit between the front room 40 and the main room 20. Yes. The entrance / exit 8 and the sliding door 47 allow access between the main room 20 and the outside of the room 1 via the front room 40.

  In addition, the front room 40 does not enter and exit as an air current between the inside and the outside of the front room 40 as in the living space 6. Between the inside of the front chamber 40 and the outside includes not only between the inside of the front chamber 40 and the external space, but also between the inside of the front chamber 40 and the inside of the main chamber 20. Further, a fan / filter unit 44 as a second fan / filter unit is provided so that the gas is discharged into the front chamber 40. In addition, a gas flow path 43 that is a second gas flow path is provided in the internal space 7 constituted by the partition wall 17 and the side wall 2b provided to face each other at a predetermined interval. Thus, two independent gas flow paths 24 and gas flow paths 43 are formed in the internal space 7 so as to be isolated from the internal space 7. The partition wall 17 forming the front chamber 40 is provided with an opening 46 corresponding to the suction port of the fan / filter unit 44, and all of the gas flowing out from the outlet port of the fan / filter unit 44 into the front chamber 40 is It passes through the opening 46 and is configured to return to the fan / filter unit 44 when the gas flow path 43 communicates between the opening 46 and the outlet 45 with airtightness.

  The fan / filter unit 44, which is the second fan / filter unit, has the same configuration as the fan / filter unit 21, for example. As the fan / filter unit 44, for example, one having a discharge flow rate corresponding to the volume of the front chamber 40 having a discharge flow rate smaller than that of the fan / filter unit 21 is selected. The ceiling wall 2 a is provided with an opening corresponding to the outlet of the fan / filter unit 44, and the outlet and the outlet of the fan / filter unit 44 are connected in an airtight manner. 45 is configured. The opening 46 is configured to be connected to the suction port of the fan / filter unit 44 in an airtight manner. For example, the partition wall 17 constituting the internal space 7 or a region in contact with the bottom surface 2g of the hollow wall region. Formed. By sealingly connecting the opening 46 and the outlet 45, a 100% circulation feedback system is provided for the front chamber 40. When the fan / filter unit 44 constituting the 100% circulation feedback system is operated, the air cleanliness in the front chamber 40 is dramatically improved as described above. Further, the internal space 7 can be further partitioned to form a part of the gas flow path 43 and / or the gas flow path 24. Specifically, a cylindrical enclosing portion is formed by providing two partition walls so as to divide the internal space 7 so as to face each other at a predetermined interval. For example, when the cylindrical surrounding portion constitutes a part of the gas flow path 43, it is formed in the internal space 7 adjacent to the front chamber 40. Further, by providing the ceiling wall 2 a so as to block the entire upper opening of the internal space 7, the cylindrical surrounding portion constituting a part of the gas flow path 43 is isolated from other regions of the internal space 7. The Airtightly connected to the gas flow path 43 provided in the ceiling back 5 provided with an opening in the area of the ceiling wall 2a that closes the cylindrical enclosure, and further airtight to the fan / filter unit 44. Connected. In addition, vents 11 a and 11 b are provided so that outside air is introduced into the internal space 7.

  Moreover, when this cylindrical surrounding part comprises a part of gas flow path 24, it forms in the internal space 7 adjacent to the main chamber 20, for example. This cylindrical surrounding portion is formed as a part of the gas flow path 24 constituting the 100% circulation feedback system provided for the main chamber 20. That is, this cylindrical enclosure is connected to a part of the gas flow path 24 provided in the ceiling back 5 with air tightness, and the gas flow path 24 is similarly airtight with the fan / filter unit 21. Connected. As described above, the fan / filter unit 21 is connected to the air outlet 22 in an airtight manner to form a 100% circulation feedback system with respect to the main chamber 20.

  Moreover, the gas flow path 43 which comprises the 100% circulation feedback system provided with respect to the front chamber 40 is comprised similarly to the gas flow path 24 of the highly clean room system 10 by 8th Embodiment, for example. Can do. In this case, the living space 6 can be read as the front chamber 40, and the opening 71 through which the gas flow path 24 can be inserted or connected without a gap can be read as the opening 25 through which the gas flow path 43 can be inserted or connected without a gap.

  Further, by constituting at least a part of the ceiling wall 2c of the front chamber 40 with the gas exchange membrane 26, gas is exchanged between the front chamber 40 and the ceiling back 5, and a vent is provided in the ceiling back 5. Since outside air is introduced from 11c, oxygen or the like is supplied to the front chamber 40 from the ceiling back 5, and carbon dioxide or the like is discharged from the front chamber 40 to the ceiling back 5. Further, at least a part of the partition wall 41 may be constituted by the gas exchange membrane 26 so that gas can be exchanged between the living space 6 and the front chamber 40.

  The sliding door 47 opens and closes by sliding on a rail 48 provided in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which people enter and exit. The sliding door 47 is basically not limited as long as it has a form in which a person can enter and exit the main room 20 from the front room 40 and slides in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which the person enters and exits. In this case, it is preferable that the front chamber 40 and the main chamber 20 have a configuration that does not cause pressure fluctuations as much as possible. Specific examples of the sliding door 47 include a manual sliding door, an automatic slide doorway, a semi-automatic slide doorway, and a retractable shutter. By using the sliding door 47 as the doorway having such a configuration, it is possible to minimize the generation of an air flow between the front chamber 40 and the main chamber 20 when opening and closing. Further, when the front door 40 and the main room 20 are moved in and out by the sliding door 47, it is possible to prevent a collision accident that occurs when the door is used as an open / close door, and a narrow space can be used effectively. Moreover, when entering / exiting the front room 40 and the main room 20 with a wheelchair etc., the entrance / exit can be performed smoothly. In addition, at least a part of the sliding door 47 may be configured by the gas exchange membrane 26. Specifically, the sliding door 47 includes, for example, a shoji door.

FIG. 38 is a perspective view of an example of the front chamber 40 as viewed from the shoji door, which is the sliding door 47, in which only the front chamber 40 is viewed.
As shown in FIG. 38, the front chamber 40 is constituted by a side wall 2b, a ceiling wall 2a, and a bottom surface 2g constituting one corner, and a side face constituting the other corner is constituted by a partition wall 41. These walls are joined with airtightness to form a closed space.

  The front chamber 40 has the ceiling 5 as an outside air introduction space, and a gas flow path 43 connected to the fan / filter unit 44 is connected to an opening 46 provided in the front chamber 40 with airtightness. In addition, the air outlet of the fan / filter unit 44 and the air outlet 45 provided on the ceiling wall 2a are connected with airtightness to constitute a 100% circulation feedback system with respect to the front chamber 40. . Of the gas flow channel 43, a portion upstream of the bent portion of the gas flow channel 43 is provided in the ceiling back 5, and a downstream portion is provided in the internal space 7. Ventilation holes 11 a are provided on the side walls constituting the ceiling back 5, and outside air is introduced into the ceiling back 5. Moreover, the ceiling wall 2a is configured by a part of the gas exchange membrane 26 so that gas particles such as oxygen can be exchanged between the ceiling back 5 and the front chamber 40 without exchanging dust particles. Can do. Further, the side wall 2c constituting the internal space 7 is provided with a vent 11b, and a part of the partition wall 17 forming the front chamber 40 is constituted by the gas exchange membrane 26, so that the internal space 7, the front chamber 40, In the meantime, gas particles such as oxygen can be exchanged without exchanging dust particles.

  Moreover, the partition 41 provided facing the doorway 8 provided in the side wall 2c is provided with a shoji door 47a which is a sliding door 47. The shoji door 47 a opens and closes by sliding on the rail 48. The shoji door 47a is a shoji-like sliding door composed of a lattice-like wooden frame and the gas exchange membrane 26. The gas exchange membrane 26 used for the shoji door 47a is preferably shoji paper, but is not limited thereto.

FIG. 39 is a perspective view of another example of the front chamber 40 when only the front chamber 40 is viewed from the shoji door 47 a of the front chamber 40.
As shown in FIG. 39, the front chamber 40 has basically the same configuration as the front chamber 40 shown in FIG. 37, but does not have a double ceiling wall, and the gas flow path 43 is formed in the front chamber 40. It is provided on the inner top wall 2h. Moreover, the partition wall 41 provided facing the doorway 8 provided in the side wall 2b is provided with a door pocket 49 for storing the shoji door 47a. Preferably, the door pocket 49 is provided with a mechanism for releasing the pressure in the door pocket 49, which is increased by storing the shoji door 47a, by bypassing the opening 46, which is an inlet, for example. Thereby, the flow of air in the space to which the front chamber 40 and the front chamber 40 are connected by opening and closing the shoji door 47a can be minimized.

  Next, the operation of the highly clean room system 10 will be described. When a person enters the main room 20 from the outside, the person enters the front room 40 through the doorway 8 first. When a person enters the front chamber 40, the fan / filter unit 44 operates for a certain period of time to remove, for example, dust that springs out of the person, dust that enters the front chamber 40 from the outside, and the like by a 100% circulation feedback system. Next, for example, when the number of dust particles in the front chamber 40 becomes a predetermined value or less, the sliding door 47 is opened so that a person can enter and exit the main chamber 20. Since the main room 20 is also equipped with a 100% circulation feedback system, the inside of the main room 20 can always be kept at a high air cleanliness. As described above, the highly clean room system 10 is configured to enter and exit the main room 20 via the front room 40 when a person enters and exits the main room 20 from the outside. The cleanliness of the main room 20 is not significantly reduced by the entry and exit of the person. Others are the same as those in any of the first to thirteenth embodiments.

  According to the fourteenth embodiment, the same advantages as in any of the first to thirteenth embodiments can be obtained, and a 100% circulation feedback system is newly provided in the living space 6. The room 40 is provided so that when a person enters or exits the main room 20 from the outside, the person can enter and exit the main room 20 only through the front room 40. When the air enters and leaves, the cleanliness of the main chamber 20 does not significantly decrease due to the outside air including dust flowing directly into the main chamber 20. Moreover, since the entrance / exit enabling the entrance / exit of the front chamber 40 and the main chamber 20 is the sliding door 47, the pressure fluctuation can be minimized when entering / exiting the main chamber 20 and the front chamber 40. Therefore, when the sliding door 47 is opened and closed, it is possible to minimize the generation of an air flow that causes the outside air including dust to flow into the main chamber 20. In addition, the room itself, which has a completely pure Japanese-style appearance, does not give rise to the sense of being in an inorganic clean room. You will be able to live in a living environment.

<15. Fifteenth embodiment>
FIG. 40 shows a highly clean room system 10 according to the fifteenth embodiment. In addition, the shaded part in the drawing is shown for clarifying the configuration of the highly clean room system 10, and does not show a cross section. In the drawing, a broken line portion indicates walls such as a partition wall and a ceiling wall provided inside the room 1, and other configurations inside the room 1 are indicated by solid lines.
As shown in FIG. 40, in the highly clean room system 10 according to the ninth embodiment, the highly clean room system 10 is provided with the gas flow path 24 on the side wall 2d side, rather than the bent portion of the gas flow path 24. The lower part is provided in the main chamber 20. Thus, the opening 23 and the gas flow path 24 are provided on the side wall 2d opposite to the side wall 2b in which the internal space 7 is formed, so that the gas exchange membrane 26 provided on the wall surface forming the internal space 7 is provided. The area can be greatly increased. Thereby, the amount of gas exchange between the internal space 7 and the living space 6 is greatly increased, and safety can be ensured even if a large number of people stay in the living space 6 for a long time. The rest of the highly clean room system 10 is the same as the highly clean room system 10 of the fourteenth embodiment.

  According to the fifteenth embodiment, the same advantages as in the fourteenth embodiment can be obtained, and the ratio of the gas exchange membrane 26 in the inner wall 17 can be greatly increased. Can be greatly increased in the amount of gas that can be exchanged between the internal space 7 and the living space 6. Thereby, safety can be secured even if a large number of people stay in the living space 6 for a long time.

<16. Sixteenth Embodiment>
FIG. 41 shows a highly clean room system 10 according to a sixteenth embodiment. In addition, the shaded part in the drawing is shown for clarifying the configuration of the highly clean room system 10, and does not show a cross section. In the drawing, a broken line portion indicates walls such as a partition wall and a ceiling wall provided inside the room 1, and other configurations inside the room 1 are indicated by solid lines.
As shown in FIG. 41, this highly clean room system 10 is the same as the highly clean room system 10 according to the tenth embodiment, at least one of the internal space 7, the ceiling back 5, and the internal space 12 that are outside air introduction spaces. Are connected to each other to form an outside air introduction space, and the gas flow path 24 is hermetically sealed inside the outside air introduction space so as to be isolated from the outside air introduction space, thereby sealing the opening 23 and the outlet 22. Connected. In addition, a vent 11a is formed in a portion constituting the ceiling back 5 of the side wall 2c of the room 1 forming the outside air introduction space, and a vent 11b is formed in a portion constituting the ceiling back 5, which is an outside air introduction space. At least a part of the ceiling wall 2 a and the partition wall 17 constituting the internal space 7 is constituted by a gas exchange membrane 26.

  The gas flow path 24 can be configured similarly to the gas flow path 24 in the highly clean room system 10 according to the twelfth embodiment, for example. The rest of the highly clean room system 10 can be configured in the same manner as the highly clean room system 10 of any one of the first to fourteenth embodiments.

  According to the sixteenth embodiment, the same advantages as those of the fourteenth embodiment can be obtained, and the internal space 7 and the internal space 12 are used as the outside air introduction space, and each outside air introduction space and the living space are provided. Since at least a part of the wall separating 6 is constituted by the gas exchange membrane 26, the amount of gas exchangeable between the outside air introduction space and the living space 6 can be greatly increased. Thereby, safety can be secured even if a large number of people stay in the living space 6 for a long time.

<17. Seventeenth Embodiment>
FIG. 42 shows a highly clean room system 10 according to a seventeenth embodiment. In addition, the shaded part in the drawing is shown for clarifying the configuration of the highly clean room system 10, and does not show a cross section. In the drawing, a broken line portion indicates walls such as a partition wall and a ceiling wall provided inside the room 1, and other configurations inside the room 1 are indicated by solid lines.
As shown in FIG. 42, this highly clean room system 10 is configured so that the internal space 7, the ceiling 5 and the internal space 12 are not communicated with each other in the highly clean room system 10 according to the fifteenth embodiment. A ventilation hole 11a and a ventilation hole 11b are provided independently in each space.

  Since the internal space 7, the ceiling 5, and the internal space 12 constitute a closed space independent of each other, expectation can be exchanged independently of the living space 6 in each space. As a result, the vent 11a can be configured independently, for example, as an outside air inlet, and the vent 11b, for example, as a discharge port, and a plurality of outside air introductions independent of the introduction and discharge of the outside air into the living space 6 are possible. Since it can be performed through the space, it is possible to configure a route that only introduces outside air into the living space 6 and a route that only discharges unnecessary gas from the living space 6 to the outside. Others are the same as those of the highly clean room system 10 of the tenth embodiment.

  According to the seventeenth embodiment, the same advantages as in the fourteenth embodiment can be obtained, and the internal space 7, the ceiling back 5 and the internal space 12 constitute a closed space independent from each other. Therefore, gas exchange with the living space 6 can be performed independently. Thereby, an outside air introduction port and a discharge port can be constituted independently, and introduction and discharge of outside air to living space 6 can be performed through a plurality of independent outside air introduction spaces. Thereby, the path | route which only introduce | transduces external air into the living space 6, and the path | route which only discharges | emits unnecessary gas from the living space 6 outside can be comprised.

<18. Eighteenth Embodiment>
FIG. 43 shows a highly clean room system 10 according to an eighteenth embodiment. In addition, the shaded part in the drawing is shown for clarifying the configuration of the highly clean room system 10, and does not show a cross section. In the drawing, a broken line portion indicates walls such as a partition wall and a ceiling wall provided inside the room 1, and other configurations inside the room 1 are indicated by solid lines.
As shown in FIG. 43, this highly clean room system 10 has a front chamber having a 100% circulation feedback system so as to be in contact with the outside of the outer wall of the highly clean room system 10 according to any one of the second to 17th embodiments. 40 is provided.

  The front chamber 40 may be basically configured in any manner as long as it is a sealed space having a 100% circulation feedback system. It can comprise similarly to the front chamber 40 comprised in.

  When installing the front room 40 outside the highly clean room system 10 according to any one of the first to thirteenth embodiments, the front room 40 is the side of the room 1 of the highly clean room system 10. It is provided on the surface having the doorway 8. Of the side surfaces constituting the front chamber 40, the surface facing the room 1 is preferably configured to allow humans to enter and exit between the front chamber 40 and the main room 20. A corresponding opening may be provided, or the entire surface facing the entrance / exit 8 of the front chamber 40 may be opened. For example, it is preferable that the doorway 8 is a sliding door. The connection between the front room 40 and the main room 20 is not basically limited as long as the front room 40 and the main room 20 are sealed and connected. It is preferable to provide a hermetically sealed cover. Further, when the front room 40 is installed outside the highly clean room system 10 according to any of the thirteenth to sixteenth embodiments, the front room 40 has the front room inside the room 1. It is installed outside as a front room.

  Moreover, it is preferable to provide the through-hole 77 which is a connection path which connects the external air introduction space formed in the inside of the closed space which each forms between the room 1 and the main room 20, for example. By providing this through-hole 77, even if the vent hole 11 provided in the room 1 is blocked by the installation of the front chamber 40, outside air is introduced into the outside air introduction space formed inside the room 1. Can do. Further, for example, at least a part of the room 1 separating the main chamber 20 and the front chamber 40 is configured by the gas exchange membrane 26, or at least a part of the main surface of the doorway 8 is configured by the gas exchange membrane 26, The gas can be exchanged between the main room 20 and the front room 40 by configuring with the shoji door 47.

FIG. 44 shows a highly clean room system 10 which is a modification of the eighteenth embodiment. The hatched portion in the figure is shown for clarifying the configuration of the highly clean room system 10 and does not show a cross section. In the drawing, a broken line portion indicates walls such as a partition wall and a ceiling wall provided inside the room 1, and other configurations inside the room 1 are indicated by solid lines.
As shown in FIG. 44, this highly clean room system 10 is configured such that the front room 40 of the highly clean room system 10 according to the eighteenth embodiment is installed in a corridor 33 provided outside the room 1.

  The front chamber 40 basically has the same configuration as the front chamber 40 in the highly clean room system 10 according to the fourteenth embodiment, but the gas flow path 43 extends, for example, from the side surface of the room 1 to the corridor 33. It is provided parallel to the direction. By providing the partition wall 17 a in the front chamber 40, the internal space 7 a is formed in the same manner as the internal space 7. Further, for example, the front chamber 40 can be passed through by installing the sliding doors 47c on the two side surfaces of the side surface of the room 1 in the direction in which the corridor 33 extends. Others are the same as those of the highly clean room system 10 according to any one of the first to sixteenth embodiments.

  According to the eighteenth embodiment, the same advantages as those of the first to seventeenth embodiments can be obtained, and even in a narrow room where the front room 40 cannot be installed inside, the front side can be opened outside. By installing the room 40, it can be set as the room which can always maintain a highly clean environment. For example, in the case of an indoor room, the front room 40 can be formed by partitioning a corridor leading to the room with a partition wall or the like.

<19. Nineteenth Embodiment>
FIG. 45 shows a highly clean room system 10 according to a nineteenth embodiment.
As shown in FIG. 45, this highly clean room system 10 is the high clean room system 10 according to any one of the first to 18th embodiments. A device 80 is provided. The internal space 7 and the ceiling 5 have a configuration in which air communicates. The gas exchange device 80 has an outside air introduction port 71 and an inside air recovery port 72 on one side surface of the gas exchange unit 70, and a discharge port 73 and a reflux port 74 on the other side surface. The outside air introduction port 71 introduces outside air introduced into the internal space 7 from the vent 11 a into the gas exchange unit 70. Further, the inside air recovery port 72 is connected to the suction pipe 75, and the suction pipe 75 reaches the living space 6 by being inserted through the ceiling wall 2a with airtightness, and is an opening provided at the tip of the suction pipe 75. In the living space 6, the scented air or polluted air emitted by the person 76 or the like is collected. The suction pipe 75 and the reflux port 74 connected to the gas exchange device 80 are provided in pairs in the living space 6. The outlet 73 does not exchange particles such as dust and bacteria by the gas exchange device 80, and clean air having a low concentration of odorous molecules or the like in which only the gas components are brought into equilibrium with the outside air. To reflux. In addition, a nozzle 77 is connected to the reflux port 74, and the nozzle 77 is connected to the ceiling wall 2 a in an airtight manner to an opening corresponding to the outlet of the nozzle 77, and the air cleaned by the gas exchange device 80 is inhabited. Returned to the space 6. In the living space 6, a stand-alone air cleaning device 78 or a photocatalyst deodorizing device is installed. In this case, since the clogging of the air purifier 78 is eliminated, the life of the stand-alone air purifier can be extended and the filter capacity can be increased to 1000 times or more than the original capacity. That is, at dust collection efficiency γ = 0.5, n = 3 × 10 ⁵ from dust density n = (1−0.5) × N ₀ . On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 17, class 300 is achieved for the stand-alone air purifier. Therefore, the ratio becomes 3 × 10 ⁵ / 300~1000. Further, instead of the gas exchange device 80, for example, an air filter or an air purifier may be installed and used with the same configuration.

46 to 49 are perspective views showing examples of the gas exchange device 80.
As shown in FIGS. 46 to 49, by providing a plurality of gas exchange membranes 26 in the gas exchange device 80, air with reduced oxygen, air with increased carbon dioxide, or dirt containing odors and chemical substances. The air inside the room 1 is returned to the room 1 by returning the concentration to a value very close to the same concentration as the outside air by gas exchange with the outside air and mutual concentration diffusion of molecules. At this time, since there is no exchange of the net air flow, there is no permeation of dust from the outside air, and the air is cleaned only in terms of molecular components. That is, the outside air introduced from the introduction port 71 and the gas in the room 1 introduced from the inside air recovery port 72 exchange gas components through the gas exchange membranes 26 arranged in multiple layers, so that the gas of the inside air can be obtained. The component is approximately equal to that of the outside air and again returns to the room.

The gas exchange device 80 will be described individually. As shown in FIG. 46, the gas exchange device 80A is a type that allows easy handling of the air flow by introducing outside air and inside air in parallel, and the gas exchange membrane 26 is zigzag-shaped in a single stroke. Therefore, there is an advantage that the gas exchange membrane 26 can be formed of a single membrane for manufacturing. Further, as shown in FIG. 47, the gas exchange device 80B has a structure in which the outside air and the inside air are introduced and sent out in parallel as in the gas exchange device 80A, and a plurality of gas exchange membranes 26 are arranged in parallel. Then, outside air and inside air are introduced separately for each slot. By being configured in this way, there is an advantage that the space between the gas exchange membranes 26 is constant and the stagnation layer is reduced in the airflow. Further, as shown in FIG. 48, the gas exchange device 80C is also a type in which a large number of gas exchange membranes 26 are arranged in parallel. However, by introducing the outside air introduction direction and the inside air introduction direction orthogonal to each other, the introduction ports 71 can be grouped together. The structure can be simplified. Further, as shown in FIG. 49, the gas exchange device 80D combines the advantages of the structure of the gas exchange devices 80B and 80C, and the outside air, the inside air are introduced and delivered in parallel, and the outside air, the room 1 There is a merit that the inlet of each of the air inside can be grouped together. Specifically, the dimensions of the gas exchange unit 70 of the gas exchange device 80D are, for example, a height of 45 cm, a width of 90 [cm], and a length of about 180 [cm]. It is stretched at an interval d of about 3 [mm] to 60 [mm]. Thereby, gas exchange becomes possible in an extremely wide effective area of 12 [m ² ] or more and 240 [m ² ] or less. However, d is not limited to the above, and 1 to 2 [mm] is very effective in reducing the gas exchange time. Accordingly, the gas exchange device 80D has a performance that is several tens to several hundreds times the gas exchange capacity of the gas exchange membrane 26 shown in FIG. As described above, the gas exchange device 80D is equipped with two air blowing fans for outside air and room reflux air (inside air), and these actively send out air, so that two air flows across the gas exchange surface Taking this speed into account, the gas exchange capacity can be improved by a factor of about 10.
When the total area of the gas exchange membrane 26 in the gas exchange device 80 satisfies the formula (15) at a minimum, an oxygen concentration sufficient for a person to work inside is secured, and the larger this area is, the larger the area is. In addition to this, deodorization and harmful gas discharge functions will also increase. That is, the scaling by (V / A) / (D / L)} is also a “unit of a repeating structure of“ gas exchange membrane / inside air / gas exchange membrane / outside air ”which the gas exchange unit 70 of the gas exchange device 80 has. This can also be applied to “cells”. For example, in the case of the highly clean room system 10 shown in FIG. 8 or FIG. 11, it is about V (˜24 [m ³ ]) / A (˜1.8 [m ² ]) to 13 [m]. In the gas exchange device 80 shown in FIGS. 45 to 49, since the surface interval d of the gas exchange membrane 26 is typically on the order of several [mm], V (= A × d) / A = d to 3 [ mm]. From the ratio 13 [m] / 3 [mm] to 4000 [mm], the gas exchange time constant of the gas exchange device 80 is, for example, 4000 from the amount of the order of “40 minutes” observed in FIG. 12B. It can be seen that the time is a fraction of a minute, that is, a time on the order of about 1 second. For example, for a living space with a volume of 30 [m ³ ], the volume of outside air and inside air flowing into the gas exchange device 80 is 0.25 [m ³ / min] to depending on whether it is steady or emergency. Since it takes a value on the order of several tens [m ³ / min] (this value is scaled with respect to the volume of the room), the typical size (0.45 × 0.9 × 1. 8 [m ³ ] to 0.8 [m ³ ]), the time required for the airflow to pass through the apparatus is about several seconds to about 1 minute. This is more than several times the gas exchange time constant of the gas exchange device 80 described above, so that the outside air and the inside air sufficiently exchange gas while flowing inside the gas exchange device 80, and at the outlet portion, It can be seen that both can reach an almost equilibrium state. In this way, the mutual exchange of the molecules is efficiently performed between the two airflows that flow between the outside air and the air in the room 1 with the surface at the center of each gas exchange surface. Can do. It is desirable that the flow rate of the outside air that flows into the gas exchange device 80 is equal to or greater than the flow rate of the outside air. Preferably, the flow rate of the inside air flowing in the gas exchange device 80 is several times to 10 times or more, but at this time, two air flows of the inside air and the outside air flowing across the gas exchange membrane are simultaneously used. In the velocity vector, it is desirable to make the pressure difference through the gas exchange membrane substantially zero according to Bernoulli's theorem, by taking an arrangement with a large parallel component. It is best that the velocity vectors of the two airflows be completely parallel, but it is also very effective to cross them diagonally across the surface at the center of each gas exchange surface. For this reason, it is important that the cross-sectional area of the portion through which the outside air flows is made larger than that of the inside air so as to cancel out the above-described air volume ratio. That is, it is preferable to match the ratio of the outside air flow rate / inside air flow rate in the gas exchange device 80 to the ratio of the gas exchange membrane interval in the outside air channel / the gas exchange membrane interval in the inside air channel. Further, when the air flows on both sides of the gas exchange membrane 26 are parallel or quasi-parallel, the cross section of the gas exchange membrane 26 cut by a plane orthogonal to the direction of the flow is zigzag (mountain fold valley fold). It is also effective to increase the effective area as a shape and improve the gas exchange capacity.
67A shows an actual machine (prototype) of the gas exchange device shown in FIG. 48, and FIG. 67B is a top view of the gas exchange device shown in FIG. 67A. FIG. 67A shows the arrangement of the airflow of the gas exchange device. The length of the gas exchange device is about 90 cm, the width is about 60 cm, and the total thickness of the multilayer structure is about 20 cm. FIG. 68 shows an example in which the gas exchange device shown in FIG. 67A is incorporated in the room of the highly clean room system 10, and corresponds to a realization of the highly clean room system 10 shown in FIG. 68. In the rectangular parallelepiped room on the left side of Fig. 68, 5 out of 6 sides are made of vinyl, and the remaining 1 side is Tyvek. After this space is completely sealed, oxygen is consumed by cooking a gas stove inside. In this situation, FIG. 69 shows the result of measuring the oxygen concentration in the closed space with and without the operation of the gas exchange device. If the gas exchange device is not operated, the oxygen concentration continues to decrease below 19% as shown in FIG. However, when the gas exchange device is operated, the decrease in the internal oxygen concentration stops decreasing and becomes constant at a little less than 20%. It proves that the gas exchange device has excellent gas exchange ability. Based on the D / L obtained by the method detailed in paragraph 0017, the target oxygen concentration is achieved by setting the size and total number of gas exchange membranes and the flow rate to flow according to the prescription and equation 17 described in paragraph 0116 can do. As can be understood from the above analysis, this gas exchange device can be considered as the limit when the V / A of the room in the present invention is small. Therefore, it is possible to replace the hollow wall provided with the gas exchange membrane of the present invention with this gas exchange device according to the application.

  Further, for example, when the gas exchange device 80 provided in the highly clean room system 10 shown in this embodiment is a gas exchange device 80D, a gas exchange membrane provided in the gas exchange unit 70 of the gas exchange device 80D. 26 are arranged vertically with respect to the ceiling wall 2a. That is, the normal vector of the surface of the gas exchange membrane 26 is orthogonal to the direction of gravity. Therefore, various dusts contained in the outside air do not fall on the surface of the gas exchange membrane 26, but only stay on the wall surface constituting the gas exchange unit 70, for example, on the front surface as viewed in FIG. Therefore, the gas exchange capability of the gas exchange membrane 26 of the gas exchange device 80D is remarkably released from the problem of clogging.

  By configuring the highly clean room system 10 as described above, the highly clean room system 10 including the local exhaust system can be realized. For example, by using this highly clean room system 10 when local exhaust is desired, such as when changing a diaper in a nursing home, the internal cleanliness is not sacrificed, and it is possible to cope with the generation of a local odor. Become. The highly clean room system 10 can safely perform a painting process using a solvent or the like while maintaining a clean environment. Others are the same as those of the highly clean room system 10 of any one of the second to eighteenth embodiments.

  According to the nineteenth embodiment, the high clean room system 10 having the same advantages as those of the first to eighteenth embodiments and including the local exhaust system can be realized. For example, by using this highly clean room system 10 when local exhaust is desired, such as when changing a diaper in a nursing home, the internal cleanliness is not sacrificed, and it is possible to cope with the generation of a local odor. Become. The highly clean room system 10 can safely perform a painting process using a solvent or the like while maintaining a clean environment.

<20th Embodiment>
FIG. 50 shows a highly clean room system 10 according to the twentieth embodiment. This highly clean room system 10 has a form in which a plurality of rooms 1 are connected in the same manner as the highly clean room system 10 shown in the fourth embodiment. As shown in FIG. 50, in the highly clean room system 10, four rooms 1 having the main room 20 and the front room 40 are connected along the corridor 33, but the number of connections is not limited to four. It can be selected appropriately. The left side wall of the room 1 is a wall 9 having a structure including the internal space. Moreover, each room 1 is provided with the front room 40, and can go back and forth between the main room 20 and the outside without breaking the cleanliness of the main room 20.

  The room 1 has a front room 40 and a main room 20. The front room 40 has an entrance / exit 8 on a side wall facing the hallway 33, is in contact with a utility space 19 such as a unit bath, and the interior of the room 1 is partitioned by a shoji door 47 a provided to face the entrance / exit 8. Formed by. The left side wall of each room 1 in the drawing has the structure of the wall 9 shown in the first embodiment. Further, as can be seen from the structure shown in FIG. 50, the wall 9 used here is the type of FIG. 1B in which fresh air is taken in and out of the internal space 7 along the direction of gravity. An outside air inlet 11e and an inside air outlet 11f are provided, and the top surface of the wall 9 is provided so as to be on the same plane as the ceiling wall 2a. The configuration of the front chamber 40 can be appropriately selected from the configurations of the front chamber 40 shown in any of the third and fourteenth to eighteenth embodiments. Of the internal configuration of the room 1, the portion other than the front chamber 40 constitutes the main room 20. Therefore, the front room 40 is provided in the room 1, so that the main room 20 does not break the cleanliness of the main room 20. To and from the outside. The main room 20 has the same structure as the room 1 (residential space 6) according to the nineteenth embodiment shown in FIG. 45. For example, a photocatalyst 61 is further provided inside the gas flow path 24. Is provided. The presence or absence of the photocatalyst can be appropriately selected according to the use of the main room 20. Specifically, the configuration of the room 1 on the side of the main room 20 is such that a fan / filter unit 21 is provided in the back of the ceiling 5 on the main room 20 so that air can be blown into the main room 20. A part of the wall 9a separating the wall 20 and the internal space 7 is constituted by a gas exchange membrane 26, so that the air in the internal space 7 and the air in the main chamber 20 can be exchanged.

  On the ceiling wall 2a on the ceiling back 5 side in the main room 20, an outside air introduction duct 83a and an exhaust duct 83b are provided. The outside air introduction duct 83a is provided so as to cross the four consecutive rooms 1, and the outside air intake port 85 which is one end of the outside air introduction duct 83a has a blowing mechanism 82 such as a sirocco fan. The exhaust duct 83b is also provided in the same manner as the outside air introduction duct 83a, and has an air blowing mechanism 82 such as a sirocco fan at the exhaust port 86 which is the end of the exhaust duct 83b on the outside air inlet 85 side. In addition, the outside air introduction duct 83a and the exhaust duct 83b are provided in parallel to each other at a predetermined interval. The outside air introduction duct 83a is provided so as to sequentially connect the outside air introduction ports 11e of each room 1 with airtightness, and introduces outside air into the internal space 7 to the outside air introduction port 11e of each room 1. A tube 83c is connected. In addition, the exhaust duct 83d is provided so as to sequentially connect the inside air discharge ports 11f of each room 1 with airtightness, and the inside air discharge ports 11f of each room 1 discharge gas from the inside space 7. A pipe 83d is connected. With this configuration, the outside air sucked from the outside air intake port 85 is sequentially introduced into the internal space 7 of the wall 9 of each room 1 through the outside air introduction duct 83a and the outside air introduction port 11e. The inside air discharged from the internal space 7 of the one wall 9 through the inside air discharge port 11f is sequentially discharged, and is discharged from the exhaust port 86 through the exhaust duct 83b. Further, the tube 83c is configured such that a front end opening serving as an outside air introduction port is near the floor of the room 1, and the tube 83d is configured such that a front end opening serving as an inside air discharge port is near the ceiling wall 2a. The This configuration increases the air circulation efficiency when the air introduced from the outside air inlet 85 is warm, such as in summer, but is not limited to this. For example, the lengths of the pipe 83c and the pipe 83d are reversed. By doing so, when the air introduced from the outside air inlet 85 is cold, such as in winter, a structure in which the air circulation efficiency is increased can be obtained. In particular, the latter is a recommended arrangement because the parallel component increases in the velocity vectors of two airflows sandwiching the gas exchange membrane 26. At least a part of the outside air introduction part and the discharge part in the internal space 7 is selected from the area in which the gas flow path 24 is not formed in the area in the internal space 7.

Two fan / filter units 78 are placed at two corners on the inner wall 9 a side in the main chamber 20. The fan / filter unit 78 is basically limited as long as the air volume is at least a fraction of the air volume of the fan / filter unit 21, preferably one or more orders of magnitude smaller, and has a dust removal capability and a ventilation capability. For example, when the volume of the main chamber 20 is V, it is preferably V / 2h [m ³ / h] or more, and the air supply amount is 15 [m ³ / h] or more and 66 [m ³ / h]. The following small flow fan / filter unit is preferable. As the small flow fan / filter unit, for example, Blue Air Mini (trade name) manufactured by Blue Air is suitable. FIG. 53 is a perspective view showing an overview of the small flow fan / filter unit. This small flow rate fan / filter unit is configured by combining a main body part 78a with a filter part 78b, and the air sucked from the back surface part of the filter part 78b is blown out from the front surface of the main body part 78a. A blower mechanism is provided inside the portion 78a. This small flow fan / filter unit has outer dimensions of 160 [mm] in width, 95 [mm] in depth, 190 [mm] in height, 0.7 kg in weight (including filter), and 44 [dB] in operation sound. The clean air supply amount is 29 [m ³ / h], and the rated power consumption is 5 [W]. Further, the installation position of the small flow rate fan / filter unit can be changed inside the main room 20. In addition, two fan / filter units 78 are installed at the boundary between the internal space 7 and the main room 20, and the other fan / filter unit 78 is connected to the inside air so that one fan / filter unit 78 introduces outside air. It is possible to provide a ventilation mechanism between the main room and the outside by installing so as to exhaust the air. In this case, one of the two fan / filter units 78 takes in the outside air, and the other exhausts the inside air. Even in this case, the life / efficiency of the fan / filter unit 78 for exhausting the inside air can be improved in an open system. It can be maintained that it can be increased several hundred times or more compared to the case of using it. Further, the two fan / filter units 78 may be installed between the main room 20 and a corridor, outdoors, or the like. This enables, for example, a “rotary exchange” for exchanging these small flow fan / filter units over time. That is, it is recommended to replace the aging blower mechanism 82 on the side of the outside air inlet 85 with the fan / filter unit 78 that has been used for exhausting the inside air until then and install a new fan / filter unit 78 for exhausting the inside air. Others are the same as in any one of the first to nineteenth embodiments.

  According to this twentieth embodiment, it has the same advantages as any one of the first to nineteenth embodiments, and a plurality of rooms 1 are connected, and the outside air introduction part of each room 1 is connected by a duct, Since the discharge part of each room 1 is connected by another duct, and the air blowing mechanism is provided in each duct, the introduction and discharge of the outside air into the connected rooms 1 can be performed collectively. In addition, the configuration of the highly clean room system 10 is appropriately selected as required for an apartment house, a nursing home, a hospital, a painting factory, etc. having a large number of rooms 1, and a gas exchange device 80 is incorporated. Thus, not only can a low dust space be obtained easily, but also an ultra-clean space that can discharge and decompose chemical substances, odors, organic solvent molecules, etc. in a short time can be obtained. By configuring the highly clean room system 10 in this way, it is possible to speed up the recovery of the health of those who are treated inside, or to reduce the risk of bile duct cancer suffering of people engaged in painting work, etc. it can.

<Twenty-first embodiment>
FIG. 51 shows a highly clean room system 10 according to a twenty-first embodiment. This highly clean environment system 10 connects the living spaces of a plurality of connected rooms 1 of the highly clean room system 10 shown in the twentieth embodiment, and one or a small number of fans are connected to the connected portions. A centralized system in which the filter unit 21 is arranged.
As shown in FIG. 51, the highly clean environment system 10 includes four rooms 1 each having a main room 20 and a front room 40, and is basically the same as the highly clean environment system 10 shown in FIG. It has a configuration. On the ceiling wall 2a on the ceiling back 5 side, there is further provided a connecting duct 87c for connecting the intake side duct 87a, the blower side duct 87b, the intake side duct 87a, and the blower side duct 87b. The intake side duct 87a and the blower side duct 87b are provided facing each other with a certain distance, and are provided in a region sandwiched between the outside air introduction duct 83a and the exhaust duct 83b. In this case, the intake side duct 87a and the blower side duct 87b are preferably provided apart from the outside air introduction duct 83a and the exhaust duct 83b, but are not limited thereto.

In the internal space 7 of the wall 9 of each room 1, an air outlet 22, which is an opening provided in the ceiling wall 2 a, is provided, and the intake duct 87 a connects the air outlets 22 of each room 1 in order. To be provided. In addition, an air blowing portion 88 may be provided for each room 1 so that wind is sent out to the room 1 in the upstream portion of the air outlet 22, and in that case, the intake side duct 87 a The air blowing part 88 of the room 1 is connected in order with airtightness. In addition to the outside air inlet 11e and the inside air outlet 11f, an opening 25 is provided on the top wall of the wall 9 constituting each room 1. The opening 25 is provided between the outside air introduction port 11e and the inside air discharge port 11f, and the opening 25 and the opening 23 provided on the inner wall 9a are connected to each other with a gas flow path 24 with airtightness. The intake side duct 87a is provided so as to connect the openings 25 of the rooms 1 in order. The downstream end of the intake duct 87a and the upstream end of the air duct 87b are connected by a connecting duct 87c provided outside the room 1, and the photocatalyst 61 is provided inside the connecting duct 87c. And a fan / filter unit 21 are provided. The fan / filter unit 21 includes, for example, a central air filter, a central air cleaner, and the like. For example, the gas exchange device 80 described above is preferably used. As the photocatalyst 61, for example, a filter using a photocatalytic material, an air cleaning device using this filter, and the like are suitable. The fan / filter unit 21 is preferably, for example, a large capacity fan / filter unit. For example, when the volume of the main room 20 is 45 m ³ , the air supply amount per room is 4 [m ³ / min]. It is preferable that it is 22 [m < ³ > / min] or less. In addition, air is sequentially sent out to the intake side duct 87a through the gas flow path 24 stored in the wall 9 provided at the end of each room 1, and the air is sent from all the rooms 1 into the duct 87a to be merged. Later, it enters the connecting duct 87c and turns 90 degrees. After entering the connecting duct 87c, the fan / filter unit 21 and the photocatalyst 61 are sequentially passed through, and then enter the inside of the blower duct 87b and further turn 90 degrees, and the blowout provided in each room 1 Gas is sent out from the ports 22 to the main chambers 20. At this time, the gas flow path 24 connected to the upstream end portion of the intake side duct 87a and the air outlet 22 connected to the downstream end portion of the blower side duct 87b are provided in the same main chamber 20, In each room 1, after cleaning the opening 23 at the lower end of the gas flow path 24 for taking in the room air and the suction air, the whole amount of the suction gas is treated with the fan filter unit 21 and the photocatalyst 61, and then again A blowout port 22 that returns to the interior of the room is provided as a pair, and is configured to be hermetically sealed as a whole. With such a configuration, the fan / filter unit in which the opening 23 at the lower end of the gas flow path 24 that is an inlet provided in each room 1 and the outlet 22 are installed outside the room 1. Communicate with 21. Therefore, the above-described 100% circulation feedback system can be simultaneously provided in four rooms 1 by one fan / filter unit 21, and clean air is supplied to a plurality of rooms 1 by one fan / filter unit 21. be able to.

  FIG. 52 shows a modification of the highly clean room system 10 according to the twenty-first embodiment. This highly clean room system 10 is obtained by omitting the configuration of the front room 40 from the highly clean room system 10 shown in FIG. Other configurations can be configured similarly to the highly clean room system 10 shown in FIG. This form is a suitable system when the frequency of entering and exiting the room 1 is low and the staying time in the living space is relatively long. Others are the same as in any of the first to twentieth embodiments.

  According to the twenty-first embodiment, the same advantages as in any of the first to twentieth embodiments are obtained, and a 100% circulation feedback system is simultaneously provided to a plurality of rooms 1 by one fan / filter unit 21. A single fan / filter unit 21 can supply clean air to the plurality of rooms 1, and such a centralized system can collectively clean the plurality of rooms 1.

<Twenty-second embodiment>
In the twenty-second embodiment, the radioactive substance and radiation-compatible fan / filter unit 150 shown in FIGS. 70A, 70B and 70C is used as the fan / filter unit 21 of the highly clean room system 10.
As shown in FIGS. 70A, B, and C, the radioactive substance and radiation-compatible fan / filter unit 150 has a box-shaped casing 151 having a rectangular parallelepiped shape. The casing 151 is made of a radiation shielding material. A blower fan 152 and a dust filter 153 are provided inside the housing 151. Examples of the dust filter 153 include a HEPA filter, a ULPA filter, etc., and a filter having a dust particulate collection efficiency lower than those of the HEPA filter and the ULPA filter, for example, a collection efficiency of 99% or less, or even 95% or less. May be used. A plurality of slit-shaped rectangular openings 155 are provided in parallel on each other on the upper wall 154 of the casing 151. In the space between the upper wall 154 of the casing 151 and the blower fan 152, a rectangular slit-shaped radiation shielding member 156 larger than each opening 155 is provided so as to face each opening 155. The radiation shielding member 156 is provided so that the inside of the casing 151 cannot be seen when each opening 155 is viewed from a direction perpendicular to the upper wall 154. Similarly, a plurality of rectangular slit-shaped openings 158 are provided in parallel to each other on the lower wall 157 of the casing 151, and a space between the lower wall 157 of the casing 151 and the dust filter 153 is provided in each opening 158. Faced, a rectangular slit-shaped radiation shielding member 159 larger than each opening 158 is provided. The radiation shielding member 159 is provided so that the inside of the casing 151 cannot be seen when each opening 158 is viewed from a direction perpendicular to the lower wall 157. In this case, the radiation shielding members 156 and 159 directly receive radiation emitted from radioactive substances and / or radioactive substance-containing fine particles collected at any position of the dust filter 153 directly from the openings 155 and 158 of the housing 151. It is formed not to come out. In addition, the thickness of the wall of the casing 151 and the radiation shielding members 156 and 159 is the straight line of the radioactive substance and / or the radioactive substance-containing fine particles collected in any position of the dust filter 153. Is the largest of the maximum range or absorption length of the radiation group emitted from the radioactive substance and / or the radioactive substance-containing fine particles. It is set to be more than the ones. The CsI (Tl) scintillator, NaI (Tl) scintillator, Bi are preferably disposed in the vicinity of the dust filter 153 inside the housing 151. _Four Ge _Three O ₁₂ A radiation monitor such as a scintillator or a Si / CdTe Compton camera is installed. With this radiation monitor, the amount of radioactive material accumulated in the dust filter 153 can be monitored. Further, it is desirable to use a material made of an element having no unstable radioactive isotope for the radioactive substance and the casing 151 of the fan / filter unit 15 for radiation, the outer frame of the dust filter 153, or the surface coating material thereof. . It is desirable that the material constituting the housing 151 is not exposed but is surface-protected by coating or painting of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or the like. Although not shown in FIG. 1, a radiation monitor similar to the above is also installed in the vicinity of the outside of the casing 151 of the radioactive substance and radiation-compatible fan / filter unit 15 so that the radioactive substance and radiation-compatible fan / filter are arranged. It is desirable to constantly monitor that the unit 15 is operating normally.
The structure of the casing 151 of the radioactive material and radiation-capable fan / filter unit 150 is devised based on the fact that the radiation travels straight as long as it is not scattered and the direction of the airflow can be controlled along the flow path. From the consideration of the radiation range to be taken into consideration, it is understood that it is necessary to suppress γ-rays (having energy of several hundred keV to 2 MeV) rather than β-rays. The gamma rays in this energy region lose energy due to Compton scattering. This scattering cross section is known and can be designed to cross the walls of the housing 151 or the radiation shielding members 156, 159 with a sufficiently high probability (almost 100%) even if the direction of travel changes due to scattering. it can. That is, in this case 151, the air that has entered from each opening 155 of the upper wall 154 has its flow path bent repeatedly in the horizontal and vertical directions by the radiation shielding member 156 as indicated by the arrows in FIG. 70B. Later, it enters the dust filter 153 through the blower fan 152. The air from the dust filter 153 is repeatedly bent in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction by the radiation shielding member 159 so that the air flows out from the openings 158 of the lower wall 157. The overlap length between the radiation shielding member 156 and the upper wall 154 is preferably set such that the ratio to the distance between the radiation shielding members 156 is 1 or more, for example, about 3. Similarly, the overlap length between the radiation shielding member 159 and the lower wall 157 is preferably set such that the ratio to the distance between the radiation shielding members 159 is 1 or more, for example, about 3. Here, the area and position of the opening 155 of the upper wall 154, the radiation shielding member 156, the opening 158 of the lower wall 157, and the radiation shielding member 159 are such that air entering from the opening 155 of the upper wall 154 flows smoothly to the blower fan 152. It is selected so that the air entering and exiting the dust filter 153 flows smoothly and exits the opening 158 in the lower wall 157. Further, the radiation radiated from the radioactive substance and / or the radioactive substance-containing fine particles collected on the filter material (filter medium) of the dust filter 153 is the radiation radiated from the casing 151 in any direction. It is reliably shielded against the walls made of the shielding material and / or the radiation shielding members 156 and 159, and is not emitted to the outside of the casing 151.
A specific example of the radiation shielding material constituting the casing 151 and the radiation shielding members 156 and 159 will be described. For example, radioactive isotopes released to the outside in the event of a nuclear reactor accident have been identified in their decay processes (β decay, γ decay) including energy.
For example, iodine 131 ( ¹³¹ In I), after about 90% β decays and emits 606 keV β-rays, then γ decays and emits 364 keV gamma rays, and about 10% β decays and emits 334 keV β-rays, γ decays and emits 637 keV γ rays. Meanwhile, cesium 137 ( ¹³⁷ In Cs), about 95% β decays to emit 512 keV β-rays, then γ decays to emit 662 keV gamma rays, and about 5% β-decays to emit 1.17 MeV β-rays. .
In the following, iodine 131 and cesium 137 will be described in particular. However, by considering the energy of the decay process based on the knowledge such as the relationship between the energy of β rays emitted from various radioisotopes and the absorption coefficient, It can also be applied to radioisotopes.
As described above, with respect to β decay of iodine 131 and cesium 137, if 606 keV β-rays are shielded, iodine 131 can shield 100%, and cesium 137 can also shield 95% β-rays. Furthermore, if the 1.17 MeV β-ray is shielded, 100% β-ray can also be shielded for cesium 137.
From the relationship between the energy of β rays and the maximum range R, the maximum range of β rays of about 640 keV is about 250 mg / cm. ² I understand. For example, if lead (Pb) is used as the radiation shielding material, its density is 11.3 g / cm. ^Three Therefore, it can be seen that if the thickness is about 0.3 mm, β-rays of 640 keV can be sufficiently shielded. To shield 1.2 MeV β-rays, the maximum range is about 500 mg / cm ² Therefore, the thickness may be 0.6 mm. Strontium 90 ( ⁹⁰ Since Sr) is excessive in neutrons, yttrium 90 ( ⁹⁰ Y), which is unstable with a half-life of 64 hours and further β-collapsed and stable zirconium 90 ( ⁹⁰ Zr). ⁹⁰ Sr has a half-life of 28.79 years, ⁹⁰ The β decay energy of Y is 22797.883 ± 1.619 keV, ⁹⁰ Βr decay energy of Sr is much higher than 545.908 ± 1.406 keV, but 1.3 g / cm ² Since the range is of the order, it can be shielded with 1.5 mm thick lead. In this way, electrons (β rays), which are generally charged particles, have a larger electromagnetic interaction than photons (γ rays) that are neutrally charged, and the range is reduced accordingly, so a thinner shielding material ( Metal plate, concrete slab, etc.).
On the other hand, against γ decay of iodine 131 and cesium 137, if γ-rays of 662 keV are shielded, 100% γ-rays can be shielded by iodine 131 and 100% γ-rays can also be shielded by cesium 137.
From the relationship between the energy of γ rays, that is, the photon energy and the absorption length of γ rays of various substances, the absorption length of 662 keV γ rays is about 9 g / cm. ² It is. Even if cesium 137 and cesium 134 are taken into consideration as radioactive materials, the absorption length of the wall of the casing 151 and the radiation shielding members 156 and 159 is 10 g / cm. ² If it is above, the gamma ray from these cesium 137 and cesium 134 can be shielded. If, for example, lead (Pb) is used as the radiation shielding material, its density is 11.3 g / cm. ^Three Therefore, it can be seen that if (9 / 11.3) cm≈8 mm, γ rays from iodine 131, cesium 137 and cesium 134 can be sufficiently shielded.
Taking into account the seriality that γ decay occurs after β decay, a lead plate having a thickness of 0.6 mm + 8 mm to 9 mm may be used. In particular, in the photon energy vs. absorption length plot, for photon energy from 600 keV to 1 MeV, the absorption length is an element other than hydrogen and converges in a narrow region. If it is small, it can be used in place of the lead plate by increasing the thickness inversely proportionally. For example, concrete may be used for the side wall of the room, and the density of the concrete is 2.3 g / cm. ^Three Therefore, the thickness may be 9 mm × (11.3 / 2.3) to 5 cm.
From the time course of residual radiation after the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in 1986, iodine 131 does not remain after 100 days after the accident, and β emitted from cesium 137 and cesium 134 after the third year. Considering the effects of γ rays and γ rays.
Although the contribution from cesium 134 is relatively reduced after 600 to 800 days after the accident, it is desirable to suppress this contribution. From cesium 134, γ-rays with higher energy (796 keV, 802 keV, 1.365 MeV) than γ-rays from cesium 137 come out. To suppress these gamma rays, 20 g / cm ² A shielding plate having an absorption length of 1 mm may be used. With lead, the thickness is about 18 mm. In particular, in the photon energy versus absorption length plot, for photon energy from 600 keV to 1 MeV, the absorption length is 15 to 30 g / cm for elements other than hydrogen. ² Therefore, the absorption length is a universal value (except for hydrogen) regardless of the substance in suppressing γ-rays with energy of 2 MeV or less.
Next, the operation of the radioactive substance and radiation-compatible fan / filter unit 150 will be described. Here, first, radioactive substances and / or radioactive substance-containing particulates are contained in the air in the environment around the highly clean room system 10, and the air inside the room 1 a of the highly clean room system 10 also contains radioactive substances and / or Alternatively, it is assumed that radioactive material-containing fine particles are contained and the cleanliness is as low as in a normal indoor environment.
When the fan / filter unit 150 is operated, the air inside the room 1a enters the entrance of the fan / filter unit 150 as shown by the arrow in FIG. Thus, the air that has entered the fan / filter unit 150 is sent to the dust filter 153 by the blower fan 152, and passes through the dust filter 153 to remove radioactive substances and / or radioactive substance-containing particulates. The air from which the radioactive substance and / or the radioactive substance-containing fine particles have been removed in this way exits from the outlet of the fan / filter unit 150 and then flows downward. Thus, the air flowing downward again enters the inlet of the fan / filter unit 150, and the above is repeated. By repeating this, the radioactive substance and / or the radioactive substance-containing fine particles are removed from the air inside the room 1a to perform cleaning. At this time, as described above, the radiation emitted from the radioactive substance and / or the radioactive substance-containing fine particles collected in the filter material of the dust filter 153 during the cleaning process is emitted to the outside of the casing 151. Can be prevented.
As described above, according to the twenty-second embodiment, the fan filter unit 150 is covered with the casing 151 whose wall is made of a radiation shielding material and the radiation shielding members 156 and 159 made of a radiation shielding material. Therefore, the radiation emitted from the radioactive substance and / or the radioactive substance-containing fine particles collected by the dust filter 153 can be reliably prevented from being emitted into the room 1a. Further, as already described, the dust collection efficiency γ of the dust filter 153 does not need to be 99.99% or more like, for example, a HEPA filter, and a sufficiently high cleanliness can be obtained even at about 95%, for example. it can. For example, a medium performance filter (using a shoji paper gas exchange membrane) with γ = 95% can be used as the dust filter 153. Thus, even if a medium performance filter with γ = 95% is used as the dust filter 153, a good cleanliness level that is less than class 100 can be obtained. Therefore, a non-glass fiber material such as a resin can be used as the filter material (filter material) of the dust filter 153, and a material such as wood that can be easily discarded can be used as the frame. As a result, HEPA filters that use glass fiber as the filter material need to be disposed of in landfills when disposed of, whereas when large amounts of waste are generated, the countermeasures are virtually impossible. The dust filter 153 using a non-glass fiber material such as resin as a filter material and wood as a frame is easy to dispose of after use, filter and frame incineration, etc. It has a tremendous effect on improving the efficiency of viewing. Further, by using the dust filter 153 having a dust collection efficiency γ as small as about 95%, for example, it is less likely to be clogged than the HEPA filter, and an advantage that it can be used for a long time can be obtained.
<Twenty-third embodiment>
In the twenty-third embodiment, the radioactive substance and radiation-compatible fan / filter unit 150 shown in FIGS. 71A, 71B and 71C is used as the fan / filter unit 21 of the highly clean room system 10 in the twenty-second embodiment. And different. 71A is a top view, FIG. 71B is a front view, and FIG. 71C is a right side view.
As shown in FIGS. 71A, B and C, the radioactive substance and radiation-compatible fan / filter unit 15 has a box-shaped casing 151 having a rectangular parallelepiped shape. The casing 151 is made of a radiation shielding material. A blower fan 152 and a dust filter 153 are accommodated in the housing 151. A plurality of slit-shaped rectangular openings 155 are provided in parallel on each other on the upper wall 154 of the casing 151. In a space between the upper wall 154 of the casing 151 and the blower fan 152, a horizontal portion 156 a having an elongated rectangular planar shape larger than each opening 155 facing each opening 155 and a vertical portion perpendicular thereto. A radiation shielding member 156 having an inverted T-shaped cross section consisting of 156b is provided. The vertical portion 156b of the radiation shielding member 156 is provided through the opening 155 of the upper wall 154 of the housing 151, and the gas flow path entering each opening 155 is divided on both sides of the vertical portion 156b. Similarly, a plurality of rectangular slit-shaped openings 158 are provided in parallel to each other on the lower wall 157 of the casing 151, and a space between the lower wall 157 of the casing 151 and the dust filter 153 is provided in each opening 158. A radiation shielding member 159 having an inverted T-shaped cross section composed of a horizontal portion 159a having an elongated rectangular planar shape larger than each opening 158 and a vertical portion 159b perpendicular thereto is provided. The vertical portion 159b of the radiation shielding member 159 is provided through the opening 158 of the lower wall 157 of the casing 151, and the gas flow path entering each opening 158 is divided on both sides of the vertical portion 159b. In this case, the radiation shielding members 156 and 159 directly receive radiation emitted from radioactive substances and / or radioactive substance-containing fine particles collected at any position of the dust filter 153 directly from the openings 155 and 158 of the housing 151. It is formed not to come out. In addition, the thickness of the wall of the casing 151 and the radiation shielding members 156 and 159 are most simply set to the range or absorption length of the radiation having the maximum penetrating power, so that it is collected at any position of the dust filter 153. For a straight line in any direction from the radioactive substance and / or fine particles containing the radioactive substance, the total distance that the straight line crosses the wall of the housing 151 and / or the radiation shielding member 156, 159 is the radioactive substance and / or The maximum range or absorption length of the radiation group emitted from the radioactive substance-containing fine particles can be greater than or equal to the largest. For example, for cesium 137, which is a radioactive material remaining 3000 days after the accident, a plate having a thickness of about 9 mm in the case of lead may be used to suppress 661 keV gamma rays. Here again, the overlap length between the horizontal portion 156a and the upper wall 154 of the radiation shielding member 156 is preferably set such that the ratio to the channel width (interval of the horizontal portion 156a) is 1 or more, for example, about 3. Is desirable. For example, if the channel width is about 5 mm (1 cm), the overlap length is about 5 mm to 15 mm (1 cm to 3 cm). When the openings 155 are formed with this structure, FIG. 71B shows the case of three rows. For example, when a 65 cm square dust filter 153 is used and the flow path width is 5 mm, the maximum is 650 mm / (5 mm + 5 mm + 5 mm + 5 mm + 5 mm + 5 mm). About ˜20 rows of openings 155 can be provided. When the flow path width is 1 cm, a maximum of 65 cm / (1 cm + 1 cm + 1 cm + 1 cm + 1 cm + 1 cm) -10 rows of openings 155 can be provided. Before 3000 days after the accident, it should have the ability to suppress γ-rays from cesium 134, 20 g / cm to suppress 1.365 MeV γ-rays. ² A shielding plate having an absorption length of 1 mm may be used. With lead, the thickness is about 18 mm. The absorption length that suppresses 1 to 2 MeV gamma rays is 20 g / cm regardless of carbon (C), silicon (Si), iron (Fe), tin (Sn), lead (Pb) or the like. ² Since the thickness differs for each substance due to the difference in density, the required thickness can be universally obtained as a value obtained by dividing the absorption length by the density of the substance. The area and position of the opening 155 of the upper wall 154, the radiation shielding member 156, the opening 158 of the lower wall 157, and the radiation shielding member 159 are such that the air entering from the opening 155 of the upper wall 154 flows smoothly and enters the blower fan 152. The air is selected so that the air from the dust filter 153 flows smoothly and exits from the opening 158 in the lower wall 157. Further, the radiation radiated from the radioactive substance and / or the radioactive substance-containing fine particles collected on the filter material (filter medium) of the dust filter 153 is the radiation radiated from the casing 151 in any direction. It is reliably shielded against the walls made of the shielding material and / or the radiation shielding members 156 and 159, and is not emitted to the outside of the casing 151.
According to the twenty-third embodiment, in addition to obtaining the same advantages as those of the twenty-second embodiment, the use of the fan filter unit 15 shown in FIGS. 71A, 71B and 71C enables the following. The following advantages can be obtained. That is, the radiation shielding member 156 provided facing the opening 155 of the upper wall 154 has a vertical portion 156b protruding from the opening 155, and similarly, the radiation provided facing the opening 158 of the lower wall 157. Since the shielding member 159 has a vertical portion 158b protruding from the opening 158, the radiation radiated from the radioactive substance and / or radioactive substance-containing fine particles collected by the filter material of the dust filter 153 toward the openings 155 and 158 The radiation shielding members 156 and 159 can be reliably shielded by the horizontal portions 156a and 159a or the vertical portions 156b and 159b.
<Twenty-fourth embodiment>
In the twenty-fourth embodiment, the radioactive substance and radiation-compatible fan / filter unit 150 shown in FIGS. 72A, 72B and 72C is used as the fan / filter unit 21 of the highly clean room system 10 in the twenty-second embodiment. And different. 72A is a top view, FIG. 72B is a front view, and FIG. 72C is a right side view.
As shown in FIGS. 72A, B, and C, the radioactive substance and radiation-compatible fan / filter unit 13 has a box-shaped casing 151 having a rectangular parallelepiped shape. The casing 151 is made of a radiation shielding material. Although the dust filter 153 is accommodated in the housing 151, the blower fan 152 is provided not on the housing 151 but on the upper wall 154 of the housing 151. A plurality of slit-shaped rectangular openings 155 are provided in parallel on each other on the upper wall 154 of the casing 151. In the space between the upper wall 154 of the housing 151 and the dust filter 153, the angle θ with respect to the upper wall 154 is formed inside the portion on one side of each opening 155 of the upper wall 154. ₁ A rectangular radiation shielding member 156c extending in the inclined direction toward the center of each opening 155 is provided, and an angle θ with respect to the upper wall 154 is provided inside the portion on the other side of each opening 155. ₂ A rectangular radiation shielding member 156d extending in the inclined direction toward the center of each opening 155 is provided. Where θ ₁ , Θ ₂ Since it is intended to bend easily with respect to the pressure in the vertical direction during volume reduction, for example, it is 30 ° or more and 60 ° or less, but is not limited thereto. The radiation shielding member 156d does not contact the radiation shielding member 156c, and an air flow path along the radiation shielding member 156d is formed between the distal end of the radiation shielding member 156c and the radiation shielding member 156d. Thus, it is formed wider than the radiation shielding member 156c. In addition, a plurality of rectangular slit-shaped openings 158 are provided in parallel to each other on the lower wall 157 of the casing 151, and a space between the lower wall 157 of the casing 151 and the dust filter 153 faces each opening 158. A horizontal radiation shielding member 159 is provided. In this case, the radiation shielding members 156 c, 156 d, and 159 allow the radioactive material collected at any position of the dust filter 153 and / or the radiation emitted from the radioactive material-containing fine particles to pass through the openings 155 and 158 of the housing 151. It is formed so as not to go directly to the outside. Further, the thickness of the wall of the casing 151 and the radiation shielding members 156c, 156d, and 159 is about the straight line in any direction from the radioactive substance and / or radioactive substance-containing fine particles collected at any position of the dust filter 153. The total distance that the straight line traverses the wall of the casing 151 and / or the radiation shielding members 156c, 156d, 159 is the maximum range or absorption length of the radiation group emitted from the radioactive substance and / or the radioactive substance-containing fine particles. It is set to be more than the largest of them. The area and position of the opening 155 of the upper wall 154, the radiation shielding member 156, the opening 158 of the lower wall 157, and the radiation shielding member 159 are such that the air entering from the opening 155 of the upper wall 154 flows smoothly and enters the blower fan 152. The air is selected so that the air from the dust filter 153 flows smoothly and exits from the opening 158 in the lower wall 157. Further, the radiation radiated from the radioactive substance and / or the radioactive substance-containing fine particles collected on the filter material (filter medium) of the dust filter 153 is the radiation radiated from the casing 151 in any direction. It is reliably shielded against the walls made of the shielding material and / or the radiation shielding members 156 and 159, and is not emitted to the outside of the casing 151.
According to the twenty-fourth embodiment, in addition to being able to obtain the same advantages as those of the twenty-second embodiment, the fan / filter unit 150 is used after the highly clean room system 10 has been used for a predetermined period. The housing 151 including the dust filter 153 may be removed and the volume of the housing 151 may be reduced by the volume reduction system. Therefore, the housing 151 including the entire fan filter unit 15 including the blower fan 152 and the dust filter 153 is reduced. Compared with the case where it contains, and compared with the H-shaped structural material and T-shaped structural material which include a right-angled part, the resistance at the time of volume reduction can be lowered | hung, and the volume of the volume reduction object can be reduced.
Although the embodiments and examples of the present invention have been specifically described above, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments and examples, and various modifications based on the technical idea of the present invention. Is possible. For example, the wall 9 shown in this embodiment is not necessarily limited to the side wall of the room 1 and may be a part of a ceiling wall or a floor wall. Moreover, this wall 9 may constitute a part of the multilayer structure of the gas exchange device.
In addition, when the area A of the gas exchange membrane 26 calculated in this way is a value that gives an appropriate oxygen supply capability to the main chamber 20, the gas exchange membrane 26 is outside the environment (for example, outdoors, space in a hallway, or In the case of a tent-like structure composed of a gas exchange membrane as shown in FIGS. 73A and B [the area of the gas exchange membrane occupying one or all of the side surfaces and the ceiling surface satisfies the above-mentioned necessary area conditions] The room where the tent is placed may be in direct contact. At this time, while maintaining a satisfactory oxygen concentration with sufficient oxygen permeability, the class 1000 is cut on average during sleep of about 7 hours as shown in FIG. 74 (especially, in the case of deep sleep without turning over, about A good sleep can be obtained in a good clean environment (called Class 100). The spikes shown in FIG. 74 are caused by dust that flutters when turning over and the like. From the frequency spectrum of this spike train, it is possible to infer the health status of the sleeper. When used in a nursing home, etc., not only the safety confirmation of the user of this highly clean room system 10 but also the deviation from the characteristics of normal sleep (not analysis based on image information etc., privacy) It is possible to monitor multiple care recipients from a remote location with high accuracy (while satisfying appropriate considerations).

  Further, in the room 1, between the inside and the outside of the room 1, the air in which the dust is removed in advance by a fan / filter unit equipped with a HEPA filter or the like, the air in the room 1 is rotated once in 2 hours. It is also possible to introduce the same amount from the room 1 to the outside by using another fan / filter unit of the same model.

  Further, the outside air inlet 71 of the gas exchange device 80 shown above is connected to the outside air inlet 85 of the highly clean room system 10 shown in FIGS. 50 to 52, for example, and the exhaust port 73 of the gas exchange device 80 is exhausted. By connecting to the port 86, a gas exchange mechanism can be obtained. In this case, it is preferable that the flow rate of the inside air flowing into the gas exchange device 80 is set to an air volume more than one revolution of the air in the living space 6 in at least two hours. Further, in the room 1 constituting the highly clean room system 10, the opening for taking in the room air and the intake air thus taken in are cleaned, and then the whole amount is returned to the room again. The outlet has a circulation feedback mechanism provided in pairs. Thus, it is also effective that the highly clean room system 10 has at least one living space (high clean room) characterized by having two requirements of a gas exchange mechanism and a circulation feedback mechanism. This is because the internal space 7 communicating with the outside of the wall 9 in the room 1 is in contact with the living space 6 through the gas exchange membrane 26 to “cut out” a three-layer structure of “outside air / membrane / inside air” It can be understood that it is “pasted” to another place such as the ceiling through the suction pipe 75, the gas flow path 83, and the like. In this three-layer structure, it is desirable that the ratio of area to volume (total area of membrane / volume of apparatus) is as large as possible. In addition, the “pasting destination” or the “movement destination” of the functional part is such that the inside air circulation path (for example, the gas flow path 24) communicates with the living space 6, and the outside air intake / exhaust port (for example, the outside air). As long as the intake port 85 and the exhaust port 86) communicate with the outside world, their relative positions with respect to the living space 6 do not matter. That is, as long as the gas exchange capability exists, the position of the three-layer structure of “outside air / film / inside air” does not necessarily need to be in contact with the living space 6 at the outer edge of the living space 6. As long as the gas exchange capability can be ensured, the location can be “moved” to an arbitrary place and set through an air flow pipe (for example, the suction pipe 75, the gas flow path 83, etc.). The total area of the gas exchange membrane 26 in the gas exchange device 80 satisfies at least the mathematical formula (15) to ensure an oxygen concentration sufficient for a person to work inside, and further, this area can be as much as possible. By taking large, in addition to the above, deodorization and harmful gas discharge function can also be enhanced. Moreover, as an opening which takes in the inside air of the above-mentioned living space 6, and the blowing outlet which returns the whole quantity to the inside of the living space 6 again after the purification process of this taken-in suction air, for example, FIG. 7 or the structure of the air inlet 23 and the air outlet 22 in the highly clean room system 10 shown in FIGS. 50 to 52 is effective, and most simply communicates in the living space 6. Then, after installing the gas exchange device 80, after filtering the entire amount of sucked air into the living space 6, the wall-mounted air conditioner or stand-alone air purifier that is ejected from the air flow outlet again. Alternatively, it may be possible to install a photocatalyst deodorization device and operate these devices.

  In addition, for example, as a structure of a normal mechanical ventilation facility, the first-class ventilation facility is set by having a high-purity filter-attached air supply machine (machine) and the exhaust machine (machine) effective in ventilation in the living space. For example. Also, in each of the high clean room systems 10 shown above, a low air volume fan / filter unit with a HEPA filter having a discharge air volume that hardly affects the system as shown in FIGS. Two pairs of (in) and discharge side (out) may be provided for mechanical ventilation between the main room and the hallway or between the main room and the outside.

  In addition, the interior space of the room 1 described as a living space assuming daily life includes lacquering space that is not limited to mere residence and is free of dust, or that does not have a risk of yield reduction due to dust. Needless to say, it can be used as an advanced work space such as a high-quality painting work space. In particular, when performing painting work, when using harmful organic solvents, etc., it is necessary to use a local exhaust system with a gas exchange device that exchanges only gas components without passing the dust described above. Desirable for safety and health maintenance.

  Further, the entire amount of the gas flowing out from the outlet of the fan / filter unit 21 passes through the opening 23 provided in a part of the inner wall 9a, and the opening 23 and the gas inlet to the fan / filter unit 21 are airtight. Reflux to the fan / filter unit 21 through the gas flow path 24 that communicates with the air if it is willing to reduce the size of the room, retrofitting the bellows or the like installed along the inner wall 9a You may go with a duct. In addition, an external space adjacent to the main room 20 can be used as an outside air introduction space. This can be directly connected to an outdoor space (external space) through the side wall 2 of the main chamber 20 as the gas exchange membrane 26. In this case, the outside air introduction space is a semi-infinite open space.

  In addition, two fan / filter units equipped with HEPA filters may be installed in the main room 20 for a total of two inlets and outlets with an air volume so that the air in the main room rotates once in two hours.

  The room 1 is a partition wall including the gas exchange membrane 26 as a part to create a completely closed space with respect to the outside world, and since there is no pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the room 1, the cleanliness and sterility when power is lost A fail-safe mechanism can be built-in for the maintenance of safety.

  The fan / filter unit 21 is preferably used at the interface between the main room 20 or the living space 6 and the internal space 7, but this arrangement is not necessarily required if the ultimate cleanliness is allowed to be sacrificed somewhat. As long as it has a structure in which a part of the partition wall provided between the internal space 7 and the main room 20 or the living space 6 is a gas exchange membrane, and only needs to take in fresh air into the internal space 7, the main fan As the filter unit 21, a conventional wall-mounted air conditioner can be used as it is.

In addition, the numerical values, structures, configurations, shapes, materials, and the like given in the above-described embodiments and examples are merely examples, and different numerical values, structures, configurations, shapes, materials, and the like are used as necessary. Also good.
In addition, using the numerical values, structures, and configurations given in the above-described embodiments and examples, just after the vacuum technology / vacuum chamber is evacuated, the internal gas environment can be set freely. In addition, in order to make use of the thin film growth and materials / device fabrication unique to the vacuum environment, the present invention makes zero the airborne microlobe once in a predetermined space (in a microbiological environment, “ By realizing a vacuum “equivalent state”, it is possible to control the micro-vial environment of human activity and living environment to the desired one. In this situation, we will not only realize a new medical environment, method and nursing environment by actively introducing superior micro lobes and introducing gas phase medicines and aromas, but also new medical and medical technologies.・ Services can be created and developed (for example, see the safety confirmation method / health condition analysis method described in paragraph 0256). Especially when transpulmonary drugs are administered, good “S / N ratio”, that is, high-quality air that does not have “noise” such as dust and bacteria in the air to be sucked (the components other than drugs are almost zero) Can be performed. Different numerical values, structures, configurations, and usages may be used as necessary.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1a ... Room, 2 ... Wall, 3 ... Hollow wall, 4 ... Roof, 5 ... Ceiling back, 6 ... Living space, 7 ... Interior space, 8 ... Entrance / exit, 9 ... Double wall, 10 ... Highly clean room system, 11 ... Vent, 19 ... Utility space, 21 ... Fan / filter unit, 22 ... Blowout port, 23 ... Open, 24 ... Gas flow path, 26 ... Gas exchange membrane

Claims (8)

A gas exchange device installed in and used in a highly clean room system or building having a living and / or activity space which is a closed space inside, having at least one room,
A box-like structure constituting a closed space, having at least two gas inlets and at least two gas outlets;
One of the at least two gas suction ports communicates with one of the at least two gas discharge ports, and the other one of the at least two gas suction ports and another one of the at least two gas discharge ports. Communication,
The two communication passages are configured so as to be separated from each other by a membrane through which dust particles do not pass and gas molecules pass while forming independent flow paths.
Air introduced from an external space surrounding the room is introduced from one of the gas suction ports into the box-like structure of the gas exchange device, and the gas discharge port communicating with the gas suction port leads to the external space. While the inside air of the living and / or activity space is introduced into the box-like structure of the gas exchange device from the other one of the gas suction ports, the gas discharge port communicates with the gas suction port. Returned to the living and / or activity space from the exit,
When the volume of the living and / or activity space is V, the diffusion constant of oxygen in the film is D, and the thickness of the film is L, the volume V and the area A of the film are expressed as {(V / A ) / (D / L)}, and the design is performed.
The oxygen consumption rate inside the living and / or activity space is B, the oxygen volume when there is no oxygen consumption inside the living and / or activity space is V _O2 , and within the living and / or activity space. When the target oxygen concentration in η is η (η> 0.18), the area A of the film is at least
It is set so that it may satisfy | fill. A gas exchange device installed in and used in a highly clean room system or building having a living and / or activity space which is a closed space inside, having at least one room,
A gas exchange part having an outside air introduction port and an inside air recovery port on one side surface and a discharge port and a reflux port on the other side surface, the gas exchange part does not pass dust particulates, Including at least one membrane to be passed, and the outside air introduced into the gas exchange unit from the outside air introduction port is exhausted from the exhaust port through the space on one side of the membrane, and the gas from the inside air recovery port The inside air introduced into the exchange unit is configured to be discharged from the reflux port through the space on the other side of the membrane,
When the volume of the living and / or activity space is V, the diffusion constant of oxygen in the film is D, and the thickness of the film is L, the volume V and the area A of the film are expressed as {(V / A ) / (D / L)}, and the design is performed.
The oxygen consumption rate inside the living and / or activity space is B, the oxygen volume when there is no oxygen consumption inside the living and / or activity space is V _O2 , and within the living and / or activity space. When the target oxygen concentration in η is η (η> 0.18), the area A of the film is at least
It is set so that it may satisfy | fill. Have at least one room,
The room has a living and / or activity space which is a closed space inside,
Having at least one gas exchange device;
The gas exchange device
A box-like structure constituting a closed space, having at least two gas inlets and at least two gas outlets;
One of the at least two gas suction ports communicates with one of the at least two gas discharge ports, and the other one of the at least two gas suction ports and another one of the at least two gas discharge ports. Communication,
The two communication passages are configured so as to be separated from each other by a membrane through which dust particles do not pass and gas molecules pass while forming independent flow paths.
Air introduced from an external space surrounding the room is introduced from one of the gas suction ports into the box-like structure of the gas exchange device, and the gas discharge port communicating with the gas suction port leads to the external space. While the inside air of the living and / or activity space is introduced into the box-like structure of the gas exchange device from the other one of the gas suction ports, the gas discharge port communicates with the gas suction port. Returned to the living and / or activity space from the exit,
When the volume of the living and / or activity space is V, the diffusion constant of oxygen in the film of the wall is D, and the thickness of the film is L, the gas exchange device The area A was scaled by {(V / A) / (D / L)}, and the design was performed.
The oxygen consumption rate inside the living and / or activity space is B, the oxygen volume when there is no oxygen consumption inside the living and / or activity space is V _O2 , and within the living and / or activity space. When the target oxygen concentration in η is η (η> 0.18), the area A of the film is at least
A highly clean room system characterized by being set to meet the requirements. 4. The highly clean room system according to claim 3, wherein the room is provided with a fan / filter unit provided with an outlet so that gas is sent out into the living and / or activity space. . The fan filter unit is
A dust filter,
A blower fan that sends air into the dust filter or sucks air out of the dust filter;
A housing made of a radiation shielding material and having an air inlet and outlet;
The dust filter and the blower fan or the dust filter are housed inside the housing,
Radioactive material configured to shield the radioactive material collected by the dust filter and / or radiation radiated from the radioactive material-containing fine particles by the housing and a radiation shielding member provided inside the housing. The highly clean room system according to claim 4, wherein the fan filter unit is a radiation-compatible fan filter unit. Have at least one room,
The room has a living and / or activity space which is a closed space inside,
Having at least one gas exchange device;
The gas exchange device
A gas exchange part having an outside air introduction port and an inside air recovery port on one side surface and a discharge port and a reflux port on the other side surface, the gas exchange part does not pass dust particulates, Including at least one membrane to be passed, and the outside air introduced into the gas exchange unit from the outside air introduction port is exhausted from the exhaust port through the space on one side of the membrane, and the gas from the inside air recovery port The inside air introduced into the exchange unit is configured to be discharged from the reflux port through the space on the other side of the membrane,
When the volume of the living and / or activity space is V, the diffusion constant of oxygen in the film is D, and the thickness of the film is L, the volume V and the area A of the film are expressed as {(V / A ) / (D / L)}, and the design is performed.
The oxygen consumption rate inside the living and / or activity space is B, the oxygen volume when there is no oxygen consumption inside the living and / or activity space is V _O2 , and within the living and / or activity space. When the target oxygen concentration in η is η (η> 0.18), the area A of the film is at least
Building characterized by being set to meet. The building according to claim 6, wherein the room is provided with a fan / filter unit provided with a blowout port so that gas is sent out into the living and / or activity space. The fan filter unit is
A dust filter,
A blower fan that sends air into the dust filter or sucks air out of the dust filter;
A housing made of a radiation shielding material and having an air inlet and outlet;
The dust filter and the blower fan or the dust filter are housed inside the housing,
Radioactive material configured to shield the radioactive material collected by the dust filter and / or radiation radiated from the radioactive material-containing fine particles by the housing and a radiation shielding member provided inside the housing. The building according to claim 7, wherein the building is a radiation filter fan filter unit.