JP6544805B2 - Protection circuit - Google Patents

Protection circuit Download PDF

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JP6544805B2
JP6544805B2 JP2016196823A JP2016196823A JP6544805B2 JP 6544805 B2 JP6544805 B2 JP 6544805B2 JP 2016196823 A JP2016196823 A JP 2016196823A JP 2016196823 A JP2016196823 A JP 2016196823A JP 6544805 B2 JP6544805 B2 JP 6544805B2
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resistor
protection
fuse element
protection circuit
heat
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JP2018060659A (en
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裕一 野崎
裕一 野崎
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Schott Japan Corp
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Description

本発明は、発熱抵抗体とヒューズエレメントを設けた保護素子を利用した電気・電子機器の保護回路に関する。   The present invention relates to a protection circuit of an electric / electronic device using a protection element provided with a heating resistor and a fuse element.

近年、モバイル機器など小型電子機器の急速な普及に伴い、搭載する電源の保護回路に実装される保護素子も小型薄型のものが使用されている。例えば、二次電池パックの保護回路には、特許文献１に記載の表面実装部品（ＳＭＤ）のチップ保護素子が好適に利用される。これらチップ保護素子には、被保護機器の過電流により生ずる過大発熱を検知し、または周囲温度の異常過熱に感応して、所定条件で内蔵するヒータ等の加熱によって強制的にヒューズを作動させ電気回路を遮断する非復帰型保護素子がある。該保護素子は、機器の安全を図るために、保護回路が機器に生ずる異常を検知すると信号電流により抵抗素子を発熱させ、その発熱で可溶合金からなるヒューズ素子（ヒューズエレメントとも言う）を溶断させて回路を遮断するか、あるいは過電流によってヒューズ素子を溶断させて回路を遮断できる。   2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, with the rapid spread of small electronic devices such as mobile devices, small and thin protective elements mounted on protective circuits of power sources to be mounted are also used. For example, a chip protection element of a surface mounted component (SMD) described in Patent Document 1 is suitably used for a protection circuit of a secondary battery pack. These chip protection elements detect excessive heat generation caused by the overcurrent of the equipment to be protected, or respond to abnormal overheating of the ambient temperature, and forcibly operate the fuse by heating such as a built-in heater under predetermined conditions to There is a non-returnable protection element which shuts off the circuit. When the protection circuit detects an abnormality occurring in the device, the protection element causes the resistance element to generate heat by the signal current, and the heat generation fuses a fuse element (also referred to as a fuse element) made of a fusible alloy. It is possible to cut off the circuit or to blow the fuse element by over current to cut off the circuit.

上記の保護素子は、複数の二次電池が直列に接続されている電池パックを過電流や過電圧から保護する保護回路に適用されている。従来、電圧の増加に伴い電池セル数が増加すれば、その分、保護素子の搭載数を増やしたり、保護素子に内蔵された抵抗素子の内部抵抗値を調整したりする必要があった。   The above-mentioned protection element is applied to a protection circuit which protects a battery pack in which a plurality of secondary batteries are connected in series from over current or over voltage. Conventionally, if the number of battery cells increases with an increase in voltage, it has been necessary to increase the number of mounted protection elements or to adjust the internal resistance value of the resistance element incorporated in the protection element.

特開２０１５−０７９６０８号公報JP, 2015-079608, A

本発明の目的は、上述の問題点を解消するために提案されたものであり、保護素子に使用する発熱抵抗体を所定の抵抗値のものに標準化することができ、かつ複数の保護素子を必要としない保護回路を提供することにある。   The object of the present invention is proposed to solve the above-mentioned problems, and the heating resistor used for the protection element can be standardized to that of a predetermined resistance value, and a plurality of protection elements To provide a protective circuit which is not required.

本発明によると、二次電池が直列に接続された電池パックを過電流と過電圧から保護する保護回路であって、該保護回路は、ヒューズエレメントと発熱抵抗体を内蔵した保護素子モジュールと、この保護素子モジュールの発熱抵抗体に接続された第二の抵抗体と、直列に接続された二次電池の全数分の過電圧を検出し上記の発熱抵抗体および第二の抵抗体にながれる電流をスイッチする検知手段とを有し、過電流時にはヒューズエレメントがジュール熱により溶断し、また、過電圧時には検知手段によって発熱抵抗体および第二の抵抗体に電流をながすことにより、発熱抵抗体が発熱してヒューズエレメントが溶断する保護回路が提供される。この第二の抵抗体は、上記保護素子モジュールとは別に設けられ、二次電池の電圧に応じて発熱抵抗体と第二の抵抗体との直列の合成抵抗が所望の抵抗値に成るように設けられる。   According to the present invention, there is provided a protection circuit for protecting a battery pack in which secondary batteries are connected in series from overcurrent and overvoltage, the protection circuit comprising: a protection element module incorporating a fuse element and a heating resistor; The second resistor connected to the heat generating resistor of the protection element module and the overvoltage of the secondary battery connected in series are detected to switch the current flowing to the above-mentioned heat generating resistor and the second resistor Detection means, the fuse element is melted down by Joule heat at the time of over current, and the current flows to the heat generating resistor and the second resistor by the detecting means at over voltage, so that the heat generating resistor generates heat. A protection circuit is provided which fuses the fuse element. The second resistor is provided separately from the protective element module so that the combined resistance in series of the heating resistor and the second resistor becomes a desired resistance value according to the voltage of the secondary battery. Provided.

本発明の保護回路は、電池パックに直列接続された二次電池の個数が増えても保護素子モジュールの内部抵抗値を変更することなく、外部に別途実装する第二の抵抗体の抵抗値を変更することで電池パックの定格電圧や定格電流、電池パック内の電池のセル数によらず、共通の保護素子モジュールを利用できる。従って、本発明の保護回路は、二次電池の個数が増えても保護素子モジュールに使用する発熱抵抗体を所望の抵抗値に標準化することができ、また複数の保護素子モジュールを必要としない。   According to the protection circuit of the present invention, the resistance value of the second resistor separately mounted outside can be obtained without changing the internal resistance value of the protection element module even if the number of secondary batteries connected in series to the battery pack increases. By changing the voltage, the common protective element module can be used regardless of the rated voltage and rated current of the battery pack and the number of cells of the battery in the battery pack. Therefore, the protection circuit of the present invention can standardize the heating resistor used in the protection element module to a desired resistance value even if the number of secondary batteries increases, and does not require a plurality of protection element modules.

本発明に係る保護回路１０を示した図である。It is a figure showing protection circuit 10 concerning the present invention.

本発明に係る保護回路１０は、図１に示すように、二次電池が直列に接続された電池パック１１を過電流と過電圧から保護する電気回路であって、この保護回路１０は、ヒューズエレメント１２と発熱抵抗体１３を内蔵した保護素子モジュール１４と、この保護素子モジュール１４の発熱抵抗体１３に接続された第二の抵抗体１５と、直列に接続された二次電池の全数分の過電圧を検出し発熱抵抗体１３および第二の抵抗体１５に流れる電流をスイッチする検知手段１６とを有し、過電流時にはヒューズエレメント１２がジュール熱により溶断し、また、過電圧時には検知手段１６によって発熱抵抗体１３および第二の抵抗体１５に電流をながすことにより、発熱抵抗体１３を発熱させてヒューズエレメント１２を溶断する保護回路が提供される。   The protection circuit 10 according to the present invention is an electric circuit that protects a battery pack 11 in which secondary batteries are connected in series from overcurrent and overvoltage as shown in FIG. 1, and this protection circuit 10 is a fuse element A protective element module 14 incorporating the heat resistance element 12 and the heat generation resistance element 13, a second resistor 15 connected to the heat generation resistance substance 13 of the protection element module 14, and overvoltages of all the secondary batteries connected in series. And detecting means 16 for switching the current flowing to the heating resistor 13 and the second resistor 15. The fuse element 12 is melted down by Joule heat at the time of over current, and heat is generated by the detecting means 16 at the over voltage. By passing current through the resistor 13 and the second resistor 15, a protection circuit is provided that causes the heating resistor 13 to generate heat and melt the fuse element 12 That.

第二の抵抗体１５は、保護素子モジュール１４とは別に設けられ、使用する電池パック１１の最大電圧に応じて発熱抵抗体１３と第二の抵抗体１５との直列の合成抵抗が所望の抵抗値に成るように設けられる。すなわち、電池パック１１のセル数の増減やセル電圧の増減に対して、保護素子モジュール１４に内蔵の発熱抵抗体１３の抵抗値を変更することなく、第二の抵抗体１５の抵抗値を変更することにより調整する。第二の抵抗体１５は、抵抗体として機能すればどのようなものでもよく、特に限定されないが、例えばチップ可変抵抗器、チップ固定抵抗器、セメント抵抗器等が好適に利用できる。また変形例として、第二の抵抗体１５は、さらに保護素子モジュール１４に内蔵させてもよい。   The second resistor 15 is provided separately from the protection element module 14, and the combined resistance of the heat generating resistor 13 and the second resistor 15 in series is desired according to the maximum voltage of the battery pack 11 used. It is provided to be a value. That is, the resistance value of the second resistor 15 is changed without changing the resistance value of the heating resistor 13 built in the protection element module 14 with respect to the increase or decrease of the cell number of the battery pack 11 or the cell voltage. Adjust by doing. The second resistor 15 may be anything as long as it functions as a resistor, and is not particularly limited. For example, a chip variable resistor, a chip fixed resistor, a cement resistor, etc. can be suitably used. As a modification, the second resistor 15 may be further incorporated in the protection element module 14.

検知手段１６は、例えば電圧検知用ＩＣ１７とＦＥＴ１８からなる。電圧検知用ＩＣ１７は、電池パック１１の電圧を検出し、検出信号をＦＥＴ１８のゲートに出力する。   The detection means 16 comprises, for example, a voltage detection IC 17 and an FET 18. The voltage detection IC 17 detects the voltage of the battery pack 11 and outputs a detection signal to the gate of the FET 18.

保護回路１０は、電池パック１１に過電流が発生した場合には、保護素子モジュール１４のヒューズエレメント１２が過電流のジュール熱で溶断し、電池パック１１に過電圧が発生した場合には、ＦＥＴ１８のゲート電位が所定電位以上となってスイッチオンの状態となり、ＦＥＴ１８のドレイン―ソース間に電流がながれ、保護素子モジュール１４の発熱抵抗体１３が発熱し、ヒューズエレメント１２が溶断する。   In the protection circuit 10, when an overcurrent occurs in the battery pack 11, the fuse element 12 of the protection element module 14 is melted down by the Joule heat of the overcurrent, and an overvoltage occurs in the battery pack 11. The gate potential becomes higher than a predetermined potential and the switch is turned on, current flows between the drain and the source of the FET 18, the heat generating resistor 13 of the protection element module 14 generates heat, and the fuse element 12 is melted down.

本発明に係る保護回路１０の実施例１は、３．５Ｖ／ｃｅｌｌの二次電池セル４個が直列に接続された１４．０Ｖの電池パック１１を保護する電気回路であって、この保護回路１０は、第１電極並びに第２電極および中間電極に接続されたヒューズエレメント１２と中間電極に接続された４０Ωの発熱抵抗体１３とを内蔵した保護素子モジュール１４と、この保護素子モジュール１４の発熱抵抗体１３に接続された１０Ωの第二の抵抗体１５と、３．５Ｖの電池セル４個を直列に接続した電池パック１１の過電圧を検出し、発熱抵抗体１３および第二の抵抗体１５にながれる電流をスイッチする電圧検知用ＩＣ１７とＦＥＴ１８からなる検知手段１６とを有し、過電流時にはヒューズエレメント１２がジュール熱により溶断され、また、過電圧時には検知手段１６によって発熱抵抗体１３と第二の抵抗体１４に電流をながすことにより、発熱抵抗体１３に最大３．１Ｗ、第二の抵抗体１４に最大０．８Ｗを印加させ、発熱抵抗体１３の発熱によりヒューズエレメント１２を溶断させる。   The first embodiment of the protection circuit 10 according to the present invention is an electric circuit for protecting the 14.0 V battery pack 11 in which four 3.5 V / cell secondary battery cells are connected in series, and this protection circuit 10 is a protective element module 14 incorporating the fuse element 12 connected to the first electrode and the second electrode and the intermediate electrode and the 40 Ω heating resistor 13 connected to the intermediate electrode, and the heat generation of the protective element module 14 The overvoltage of the battery pack 11 in which the 10 Ω second resistor 15 connected to the resistor 13 and the four 3.5 V battery cells are connected in series is detected, and the heating resistor 13 and the second resistor 15 are detected. And the detection means 16 consisting of a FET 18 for switching the current flowing through the fuse element 12. The fuse element 12 is melted by Joule heat at the time of an overcurrent, and the overvoltage Sometimes, by passing a current to the heating resistor 13 and the second resistor 14 by the detection means 16, a maximum of 3.1 W is applied to the heating resistor 13 and a maximum of 0.8 W is applied to the second resistor 14, thereby generating a heating resistor. The heat of the body 13 fuses the fuse element 12.

本発明に係る保護回路１０の実施例２は、３．５Ｖ／ｃｅｌｌの二次電池セル６個が直列に接続された２１．０Ｖの電池パック１１を保護する電気回路であって、この保護回路１０は、第１電極並びに第２電極および中間電極に接続されたヒューズエレメント１２と中間電極に接続された４０Ωの発熱抵抗体１３とを内蔵した保護素子モジュール１４と、この保護素子モジュール１４の発熱抵抗体１３に接続された３５Ωの第二の抵抗体１５と、３．５Ｖの電池セル６個を直列に接続した電池パック１１の過電圧を検出し、発熱抵抗体１３および第二の抵抗体１５にながれる電流をスイッチする電圧検知用ＩＣ１７とＦＥＴ１８からなる検知手段１６とを有し、過電流時にはヒューズエレメント１２がジュール熱により溶断され、また、過電圧時には検知手段１６によって発熱抵抗体１３と第二の抵抗体１５に電流をながすことにより、発熱抵抗体１３に最大３．１Ｗ、第二の抵抗体１５に最大２．７Ｗを印加させ、発熱抵抗体１３の発熱によりヒューズエレメント１２を溶断させる。   The second embodiment of the protection circuit 10 according to the present invention is an electric circuit for protecting a 21.0 V battery pack 11 in which six 3.5 V / cell secondary battery cells are connected in series, and this protection circuit 10 is a protective element module 14 incorporating the fuse element 12 connected to the first electrode and the second electrode and the intermediate electrode and the 40 Ω heating resistor 13 connected to the intermediate electrode, and the heat generation of the protective element module 14 The overvoltage of the battery pack 11 in which the 35 Ω second resistor 15 connected to the resistor 13 and six 3.5 V battery cells are connected in series is detected, and the heating resistor 13 and the second resistor 15 are detected. And the detection means 16 consisting of a FET 18 for switching the current flowing through the fuse element 12. The fuse element 12 is melted by Joule heat at the time of an overcurrent, and the overvoltage Sometimes, by passing a current to the heating resistor 13 and the second resistor 15 by the detection means 16, a maximum of 3.1 W is applied to the heating resistor 13 and a maximum of 2.7 W is applied to the second resistor 15, thereby generating a heating resistor. The heat of the body 13 fuses the fuse element 12.

本発明に係る保護回路１０の実施例３は、４．２Ｖ／ｃｅｌｌの二次電池セル４個が直列に接続された１６．８Ｖの電池パック１１を保護する電気回路であって、この保護回路１０は、第１電極並びに第２電極および中間電極に接続されたヒューズエレメント１２と中間電極に接続された４０Ωの発熱抵抗体１３とを内蔵した保護素子モジュール１４と、この保護素子モジュール１４の発熱抵抗体１３に接続された１０Ωの第二の抵抗体１５と、４．２Ｖの電池セル４個を直列に接続した電池パック１１の過電圧を検出し、発熱抵抗体１３および第二の抵抗体１５にながれる電流をスイッチする電圧検知用ＩＣ１７とＦＥＴ１８からなる検知手段１６とを有し、過電流時にはヒューズエレメント１２がジュール熱により溶断され、また、過電圧時には検知手段１６によって発熱抵抗体１３と第二の抵抗体１５に電流をながすことにより、発熱抵抗体１３に最大４．６Ｗ、第二の抵抗体１５に最大１．２Ｗ印加させ、発熱抵抗体１３の発熱によりヒューズエレメント１２を溶断させる。   The third embodiment of the protection circuit 10 according to the present invention is an electric circuit for protecting a 16.8 V battery pack 11 in which four 4.2 V / cell secondary battery cells are connected in series, and this protection circuit 10 is a protective element module 14 incorporating the fuse element 12 connected to the first electrode and the second electrode and the intermediate electrode and the 40 Ω heating resistor 13 connected to the intermediate electrode, and the heat generation of the protective element module 14 The overvoltage of the battery pack 11 in which the 10 Ω second resistor 15 connected to the resistor 13 and the four 4.2 V battery cells are connected in series is detected, and the heating resistor 13 and the second resistor 15 are detected. And the detection means 16 consisting of a FET 18 for switching the current flowing through the fuse element 12. The fuse element 12 is melted by Joule heat at the time of an overcurrent, and the overvoltage In some cases, a maximum of 4.6 W is applied to the heating resistor 13 and a maximum of 1.2 W is applied to the second resistor 15 by passing a current to the heating resistor 13 and the second resistor 15 by the detection means 16, and the heating resistor The heat of 13 causes the fuse element 12 to blow.

本発明に係る保護回路１０の実施例４は、４．２Ｖ／ｃｅｌｌの二次電池セル６個が直列に接続された２５．２Ｖの電池パック１１を保護する電気回路であって、この保護回路１０は、第１電極並びに第２電極および中間電極に接続されたヒューズエレメント１２と中間電極に接続された４０Ωの発熱抵抗体１３とを内蔵した保護素子モジュール１４と、この保護素子モジュール１４の発熱抵抗体１３に接続された３３Ωの第二の抵抗体１５と、４．２Ｖの電池セル６個を直列に接続した電池パック１１の過電圧を検出し、発熱抵抗体１３および第二の抵抗体１５にながれる電流をスイッチする電圧検知用ＩＣ１７とＦＥＴ１８からなる検知手段１６とを有し、過電流時にはヒューズエレメント１２がジュール熱により溶断され、また、過電圧時には検知手段１６によって発熱抵抗体１３と第二の抵抗体１５に電流をながすことにより、発熱抵抗体１３に最大４．６Ｗ、第二の抵抗体１５に最大３．８Ｗ印加させ、発熱抵抗体１３の発熱によりヒューズエレメント１２を溶断させる。   The fourth embodiment of the protection circuit 10 according to the present invention is an electric circuit for protecting the 25.2 V battery pack 11 in which six 4.2 V / cell secondary battery cells are connected in series, and this protection circuit 10 is a protective element module 14 incorporating the fuse element 12 connected to the first electrode and the second electrode and the intermediate electrode and the 40 Ω heating resistor 13 connected to the intermediate electrode, and the heat generation of the protective element module 14 The overvoltage of the battery pack 11 in which the second resistor 15 of 33 Ω connected to the resistor 13 and six battery cells of 4.2 V are connected in series is detected, and the heating resistor 13 and the second resistor 15 are detected. And the detection means 16 consisting of a FET 18 for switching the current flowing through the fuse element 12. The fuse element 12 is melted by Joule heat at the time of an overcurrent, and the overvoltage In some cases, a maximum of 4.6 W is applied to the heating resistor 13 and a maximum of 3.8 W is applied to the second resistor 15 by passing a current to the heating resistor 13 and the second resistor 15 by the detection means 16, and the heating resistor The heat of 13 causes the fuse element 12 to blow.

本発明は、発熱抵抗体とヒューズエレメントを設けた保護素子を使用した電気・電子機器の保護回路に利用でき、特に電池パックなど２次電池の保護装置に利用できる。   INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be used for a protection circuit of an electric / electronic device using a protection element provided with a heating resistor and a fuse element, and in particular, can be used for a protection device of a secondary battery such as a battery pack.

１０・・・保護回路、
１１・・・電池パック、
１２・・・ヒューズエレメント、
１３・・・発熱抵抗体、
１４・・・保護素子モジュール、
１５・・・第二の抵抗体、
１６・・・検知手段、
１７・・・電圧検知用ＩＣ、
１８・・・ＦＥＴ。
10 ・ ・ ・ Protective circuit,
11 ... battery pack,
12 ... fuse element,
13 ・ ・ ・ Heating resistor,
14 ・ ・ ・ Protective element module,
15 ··· Second resistor,
16 ... detection means,
17 ・ ・ ・ voltage detection IC,
18 ... FET.

Claims (2)

二次電池が直列に接続された電池パックを過電流と過電圧から保護する電気回路であって、ヒューズエレメントと発熱抵抗体を内蔵した保護素子モジュールと、この保護素子モジュールの前記発熱抵抗体に接続された第二の抵抗体と、直列に接続された二次電池の全数分の過電圧を検出し前記発熱抵抗体および前記第二の抵抗体に流れる電流をスイッチする検知手段とを有し、前記第二の抵抗体は前記ヒューズエレメントを溶断させる加熱に関与せずに、過電流時には前記ヒューズエレメントがジュール熱により溶断し、過電圧時には前記検知手段によって前記発熱抵抗体および前記第二の抵抗体に電流をながすことにより、前記発熱抵抗体の発熱のみにより前記ヒューズエレメントを溶断させることを特徴とする保護回路。 An electric circuit for protecting a battery pack in which secondary batteries are connected in series from an overcurrent and an overvoltage, the protection element module including a fuse element and a heat generation resistor, and the heat generation resistor of the protection element module has a second resistor which is, and a detecting means for switching the current flowing to detect over the entire number of the secondary batteries connected in series the heating resistor and said second resistor, said The second resistor is not involved in the heating for melting the fuse element, and the fuse element is melted by Joule heat at the time of over current, and is heated to the heat generating resistor and the second resistor by the detecting means at the over voltage A protection circuit characterized in that the fuse element is melted and cut only by the heat generation of the heat generating resistor by passing a current. 前記第二の抵抗体は、前記保護素子モジュールとは別に前記保護素子モジュールの外部に別途設けられており、前記第二の抵抗体は、可変抵抗器または固定抵抗器からなることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の保護回路。
The second resistor is separately provided outside the protective element module separately from the protective element module, and the second resistor is formed of a variable resistor or a fixed resistor. The protection circuit according to claim 1.
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