JP6518050B2 - Photosynthesis promotion system and device used therefor - Google Patents

Photosynthesis promotion system and device used therefor Download PDF

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JP6518050B2
JP6518050B2 JP2014185477A JP2014185477A JP6518050B2 JP 6518050 B2 JP6518050 B2 JP 6518050B2 JP 2014185477 A JP2014185477 A JP 2014185477A JP 2014185477 A JP2014185477 A JP 2014185477A JP 6518050 B2 JP6518050 B2 JP 6518050B2
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carbon dioxide
photosynthesis
dioxide gas
pipe
greenhouse
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慶太 藤原
慶太 藤原
勲 荻原
勲 荻原
添富 ▲黄▼
添富 ▲黄▼
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株式会社テヌート
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor

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Description

本発明は、植物の光合成を促進する装置乃至システムに関し、特に植物工場や温室等の閉鎖的な空間に適した光合成促進装置乃至システムの発明である。   The present invention relates to an apparatus or system for promoting photosynthesis of plants, and more particularly to an invention of a photosynthesis promoting apparatus or system suitable for a closed space such as a plant factory or a greenhouse.

温室に炭酸ガス（ＣＯ２）を供給して光合成を促進する場合、コストの問題が大きい。
一般に、炭酸ガスは液化してボンベに充填したものを使用するか、重油等の燃焼後の排気ガスを利用する。ところが液化ガスは高価であるし、排気ガスも燃料代や配管工事が必要で、どちらもコストがかかる。 Supplying carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) to the greenhouse to promote photosynthesis has a large cost problem.
Generally, carbon dioxide is liquefied and filled in a cylinder, or exhaust gas after combustion such as heavy oil is used. However, liquefied gas is expensive, and exhaust gas also requires fuel cost and piping work, both of which are costly.

そこで炭酸ガスの供給量をできるだけ抑えて光合成の促進を図る工夫が、従来からいろいろと提案されている。例えば特許文献１は、温室内の炭酸ガス濃度の基準値を、換気窓の開度に合わせて変更することにより、炭酸ガスの供給の無駄を抑制しているし、特許文献2は、温室内の温度が高いときに炭酸ガスの供給を自動停止することにより供給量を節約している。
しかし、これらは炭酸ガスの節約はできても光合成促進の保証はない。植物が炭酸ガスを必要とする光合成の条件という視点が抜けていると思われる。 Therefore, various ideas have been proposed so far for promoting photosynthesis by suppressing the supply amount of carbon dioxide gas as much as possible. For example, Patent Document 1 suppresses waste of the supply of carbon dioxide gas by changing the reference value of carbon dioxide concentration in the greenhouse according to the opening degree of the ventilation window, and Patent Document 2 relates to The supply volume is saved by automatically stopping the supply of carbon dioxide gas when the temperature is high.
However, although these can save carbon dioxide, there is no guarantee of photosynthesis promotion. It seems that the point of view of the condition of photosynthesis where plants require carbon dioxide gas is missing.

特許第３５１１６８４号公報Patent No. 3511684 特開２０１４-９３９８５号公報JP, 2014-93985, A

本発明が解決しようとする問題点は、光合成促進を犠牲にすることなく、どうしたら炭酸ガスを効率よく供給できるか、という点にある。   The problem to be solved by the present invention is how to efficiently supply carbon dioxide gas without sacrificing photosynthesis promotion.

このことから本発明は、温室の気温湿度を調整して飽差を３〜５ｇ/ｍ3 にして植物に光を照射し、そこに炭酸ガスを局所施用することを最も主要な特徴とする。 From this point of view, the present invention is mainly characterized in that the plants are irradiated with light by adjusting the temperature and humidity of the greenhouse so as to have a difference of 3 to 5 g / m 3 , and topical application of carbon dioxide gas thereto.

飽差を３〜５ｇ/ｍ3にすると植物の気孔が開く。そこに光と炭酸ガスを局所的に与えるので、光合成が旺盛で且つ炭酸ガスの無駄もない、という効果を奏する。 When the difference is set to 3 to 5 g / m 3 , the stomata of the plant will open. Since light and carbon dioxide gas are locally supplied to this, there is an effect that photosynthesis is vigorous and there is no waste of carbon dioxide gas.

本発明を実施した光合成促進システムの概念図A conceptual diagram of a photosynthesis promotion system embodying the present invention 図１の配管図Piping diagram of Figure 1 本発明システムに用いる光合成促進装置の拡大正面図である。It is an enlarged front view of the photosynthesis promotion device used for the present invention system. 別の光合成促進装置の平面図である。FIG. 7 is a plan view of another photosynthesis promoting device. 図４の側面図である。It is a side view of FIG. 本発明に用いるパイプの断面図である。It is sectional drawing of the pipe used for this invention. 図３の光合成促進装置の側面図で懸架状態を示す。The side view of the photosynthesis promoting device of FIG. 3 shows a suspended state. 図1とは別の例の光合成促進システム概念図である。It is a conceptual diagram of the photosynthesis promotion system of the example different from FIG. 図７とは別の例の光合成促進装置の側面図である。It is a side view of the photosynthesis promotion apparatus of the example different from FIG.

以下、本発明の実施形態について説明する。   Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described.

図１において、１は温室、２は栽培植物を示す。３は光合成促進装置で、多数のＬＥＤ４を一列に線状に並べた照明器具５を下向きに空中に懸架し、その左右両側にパイプ６を添わせて装置３を構成する。７はパイプ６を照明器具５に固定する取付金具である。ＬＥＤ４は赤、青、または高輝度の白を分散して並べる。パイプ６はパイプ側面全周に無数の微細孔が明いた多孔質樹脂のポーラスパイプが好適であるが、排出孔をパイプの側面に等間隔に明けた孔明きパイプでもよい。
図４，５は光合成促進装置の別の例で、多数のＬＥＤ４を円板に平面的に並べ、円板の外周を巻くようにパイプ６を添わせた構成である。この例においても図１と同様にＬＥＤ４を下向きにして空中に懸架する。 In FIG. 1, 1 shows a greenhouse and 2 shows a cultivated plant. A light synthesis promoting device 3 is provided with a light fixture 5 in which a large number of LEDs 4 are linearly arranged in a line, suspended downward in the air, and a pipe 6 is attached to the left and right sides thereof to constitute the device 3. Reference numeral 7 denotes a mounting bracket for fixing the pipe 6 to the lighting fixture 5. LED4 distributes and arranges red, blue, or high-intensity white. The pipe 6 is preferably a porous pipe made of a porous resin in which numerous fine pores are exposed all around the side surface of the pipe, but it may be a perforated pipe in which discharge holes are formed at equal intervals on the side surface of the pipe.
FIGS. 4 and 5 show another example of the light synthesis promoting apparatus, in which a large number of LEDs 4 are arranged in a plane on a disc and a pipe 6 is attached so as to wind the outer periphery of the disc. In this example as well, as in FIG. 1, the LED 4 is suspended downward in the air.

光合成促進装置３はその前後を支柱８に取り付けて植物の真上に懸架する（図７）。支柱８にはＬＥＤ４の給電コード（図示省略）を設ける。支柱８に替え温室１の梁（図示省略）からワイヤー等で光合成促進装置３を吊り下げてもよい。
図７のパイプ９は養液供給のために地中の浅い場所に埋設した配管で、パイプ６と同様にポーラスパイプか孔明きパイプを使用する。このパイプ９からは、養液と空気（エア）と炭酸ガスをこの順番に排出する。図２がその配管図で、複数のパイプ９の基端に、養液タンク１０、エア圧送器１１及び炭酸ガス供給源１２を切換え弁１３を介して接続する。切換え弁１３は、流入側の３つ接続口を択一的に切り替えて流出側の１つの接続口に連通する。これによりパイプ９に、養液を供給後、エアを送ることでパイプ９の孔に残った養液を吹き飛ばし、炭酸ガスの通りをよくすることができる。炭酸ガスは水に溶けやすいため事前に養液を吹き飛ばしておくことで、通気抵抗が改善するだけでなく、炭酸ガスがパイプ９の管壁に吸蔵される無駄を解消できる。ポーラスパイプを使用するとパイプの全長にわたり平均して炭酸ガスが排出し、しかもその排出流速が遅いため葉の周りに炭酸ガスが濃く停滞する。このため少量の炭酸ガスで効率よく光合成ができる。
炭酸ガス供給源１２は、ボイラや発電所・工場等のＣＯ２排出源から排出された排気ガスをコンプレッサで圧縮して貯蔵する燃焼形式でもよいし、液化炭酸ガスの入ったボンベ形式でもよい。
空中に懸架したパイプ６には炭酸ガス供給源１２を接続するが、これに加えてエア圧送器と散水タンクを、地中のパイプ９と同様に切換え弁１３を介して接続してもよい。
また図８，９に示すように、光合成促進装置３を植物２の根元に近い位置に設置して、ＬＥＤ４の光を上向きにして植物２の葉裏に照射してもよい。植物２の種類によっては葉裏に照射するほうが成長促進効果が良いことがある。図８，９の例では炭酸ガスも葉に近い位置から供給されるため光合成には都合が良い。 The photosynthesis promoting device 3 is attached to the front and rear ends of the support 8 and suspended above the plant (FIG. 7). The support 8 is provided with a feed cord (not shown) of the LED 4. The photosynthesis promotion device 3 may be suspended by a wire or the like from a beam (not shown) of the greenhouse 1 instead of the column 8.
The pipe 9 shown in FIG. 7 is a pipe embedded in a shallow place in the ground for nutrient solution supply, and a porous pipe or a perforated pipe is used similarly to the pipe 6. The nutrient solution, air and carbon dioxide gas are discharged from the pipe 9 in this order. FIG. 2 shows the piping diagram, and a nutrient solution tank 10, an air pump 11, and a carbon dioxide gas supply source 12 are connected to the proximal ends of a plurality of pipes 9 via a switching valve 13. The switching valve 13 selectively switches the three connection ports on the inflow side to communicate with one connection port on the outflow side. Thus, after supplying the nutrient solution to the pipe 9, the nutrient solution remaining in the hole of the pipe 9 can be blown off by sending air, and the carbon dioxide gas can be well passed. Since carbon dioxide is easily dissolved in water, blowing off the nutrient solution in advance not only improves the ventilation resistance but also eliminates waste that the carbon dioxide is occluded in the pipe wall of the pipe 9. When a porous pipe is used, carbon dioxide gas is discharged on the entire length of the pipe on average, and since the discharge flow rate is slow, carbon dioxide gas is concentrated and stagnant around the leaves. Therefore, photosynthesis can be efficiently performed with a small amount of carbon dioxide gas.
The carbon dioxide gas supply source 12 may be a combustion type in which exhaust gas discharged from a CO 2 emission source such as a boiler, a power plant or a plant is compressed and stored by a compressor, or may be a cylinder type containing liquefied carbon dioxide gas.
The carbon dioxide gas supply source 12 is connected to the pipe 6 suspended in the air, but in addition to this, an air pump and a water spray tank may be connected via the switching valve 13 in the same manner as the underground pipe 9.
Further, as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the photosynthesis promotion device 3 may be installed at a position close to the root of the plant 2 and the light of the LED 4 may be directed upward to irradiate the underside of the plant 2. Depending on the type of plant 2, it may be better to stimulate the growth by irradiating the back of the leaf. In the example of FIGS. 8 and 9, carbon dioxide gas is also supplied from a position close to the leaves, which is convenient for photosynthesis.

しかして温室１の気温湿度をモニタリングしながら飽差が３〜５ｇ/ｍ 3 になるように調整すると植物の気孔が開く。飽差が３ｇ/ｍ 3 より低いと過湿状態となり植物の葉の蒸散量が少なく気孔が閉じ、５ｇ/ｍ 3 より高いと乾燥状態となり乾燥ストレスで気孔が閉じてしまう。温室内の温湿度調整はフィードバック制御で行う。昇温手段はボイラやヒータを、加湿手段は水蒸気発生器を使用する。光合成に最適な気温は１５〜２８℃で、相対湿度は６５〜９０％の範囲である。この範囲で気温と相対湿度の数値を飽差３〜５ｇ/ｍ 3 になるように調整する。 Therefore, when the temperature and humidity of the greenhouse 1 are monitored and adjusted to have a difference of 3 to 5 g / m 3 , plant pores open. If the difference is less than 3 g / m 3, the plant becomes over-humid and the transpiration amount of the leaves of the plant is small, the pores are closed, and if it is higher than 5 g / m 3 , the pores are dried and dried. Temperature and humidity in the greenhouse are controlled by feedback control. The temperature raising means uses a boiler or a heater, and the humidifying means uses a steam generator. The optimum temperature for photosynthesis is 15-28 ° C. and the relative humidity is in the range of 65-90%. Adjust the temperature and relative humidity figures to be 3-5 g / m 3 in this range.

これを要するに、本発明によれば、気孔が開いたところにＬＥＤ４の光とパイプ６からの炭酸ガスを局所施用するので、炭酸ガスの無駄がなくしかも光合成の促進が図れるという効果を奏する。     According to the present invention, since the light of the LED 4 and the carbon dioxide gas from the pipe 6 are locally applied to the place where the pores are opened, it is possible to promote the photosynthesis without waste of the carbon dioxide gas.

１ 温室
２ 栽培植物
３ 光合成促進装置
４ ＬＥＤ
５ 照明器具
６及び９ パイプ
８ 支柱
１０ 養液タンク
１１ エア圧送器
１２ 炭酸ガス供給源
１３ 切換え弁 1 greenhouse 2 cultivation plant 3 photosynthesis promoting device 4 LED
5 luminaire 6 and 9 pipe 8 post 10 nutrient solution tank 11 air pump 12 carbon dioxide gas supply source 13 switching valve

Claims (1)

温室内で栽培される栽培植物の光合成促進方法であって、温室内の気温及び湿度を調整して温室内の飽差を３〜５ｇ/ｍ 3 にするステップと、前記栽培植物の葉部の直下に配設された照明器具により栽培植物の葉裏に光を照射するステップと、前記栽培植物の葉部の直下に配設されたポーラスパイプから、前記栽培植物の葉部に炭酸ガスを局所施用するステップとを含むことを特徴とし、さらに、前記栽培植物の根元近傍に埋設されたポーラスパイプから、養液と空気と炭酸ガスをこの順番に排出するステップを含むことを特徴とする光合成促進方法。
A photosynthesis promotion method of cultivated plants cultivated in a greenhouse, the method comprising the VPD in the greenhouse 3 to 5 g / m 3 by adjusting the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse, leaf portion of said cultivated plants A step of irradiating light to the back of a cultivated plant with a lighting fixture disposed immediately below and carbon dioxide gas locally from the porous pipe of the cultivated plant to a leaf of the cultivated plant And the step of discharging the nutrient solution, the air, and the carbon dioxide gas from the porous pipe embedded in the vicinity of the root of the cultivated plant in this order. How to promote.
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JP7026477B2 (en) * 2016-10-20 2022-02-28 株式会社桂精機製作所 Integrated environmental control system for horticultural house and house heating method
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US10667472B2 (en) 2016-12-14 2020-06-02 Mankaew MUANCHART Air movement control and air source device for cultivation
CN107291126A (en) * 2017-05-31 2017-10-24 西北农林科技大学 A kind of facility light supplement control method and system based on crop demand
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NL2021101B1 (en) * 2018-06-11 2019-12-16 M A C Beheer B V Method and device for growing a crop
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JP6741263B1 (en) * 2019-12-28 2020-08-19 Ｏａｔアグリオ株式会社 Plant photosynthesis accelerator

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