JP6512059B2 - Laser buildup method for valve seat - Google Patents

Laser buildup method for valve seat Download PDF

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JP6512059B2
JP6512059B2 JP2015200596A JP2015200596A JP6512059B2 JP 6512059 B2 JP6512059 B2 JP 6512059B2 JP 2015200596 A JP2015200596 A JP 2015200596A JP 2015200596 A JP2015200596 A JP 2015200596A JP 6512059 B2 JP6512059 B2 JP 6512059B2
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heat capacity
valve seat
layer
buildup
counterbore
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JP2017070988A (en
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夏樹 杉山
夏樹 杉山
武久 藤田
武久 藤田
佐藤　彰生
彰生 佐藤
信吾 岩谷
信吾 岩谷
稔 河崎
稔 河崎
喜治 荘田
喜治 荘田
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Description

本発明はバルブシートに対しレーザにより肉盛りを行うバルブシート用のレーザ肉盛方法に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a laser overlaying method for a valve seat in which the valve seat is overlaid by a laser.

シリンダヘッド粗材において、一対の吸気ポートの燃焼室側の開口端に円環状のザグリ溝を形成し、このザグリ溝に金属粉を供給しつつ、レーザビームを照射して肉盛層を形成するバルブシート用のレーザ肉盛方法が知られている（特許文献１参照）。このレーザ肉盛方法では、肉盛層の始端部と終端部とを重ね合わせたオーバーラップ部を、隣り合うバルブシートの中心を結ぶ中心線に対して９０度以上のなす角度の位置に形成している。   In the cylinder head rough material, an annular counterbore groove is formed at the open end of the pair of intake ports on the combustion chamber side, and while supplying metal powder to the counterbore groove, a laser beam is irradiated to form a weld overlay. There is known a laser buildup method for a valve seat (see Patent Document 1). In this laser build-up method, an overlap portion in which the start and end portions of the build-up layer are superimposed is formed at a position forming an angle of 90 degrees or more with respect to a center line connecting the centers of adjacent valve seats. ing.

特開２００９−０４７０２６号公報JP, 2009-047026, A

しかしながら、本願発明者は、オーバーラップ部の肉盛層の始端部を上記９０度以上のなす角度の位置に形成したとしてもその始端部に未溶着が発生することを見出した。バルブシート近傍のシリンダヘッド内部には、水冷用のウォータジャケットが形成されている。このため、バルブシートにおける各位置において熱容量が異なる。さらに、始端部ではシリンダヘッド粗形材が十分に加熱されていない。このため、熱容量が大きい位置に始端部を形成したり、熱容量が大きくなる方向に肉盛りを開始すると、始端部において未溶着が起こり易いことが分かった。   However, the inventor of the present application has found that even if the start end of the buildup layer of the overlap portion is formed at a position at an angle of 90 degrees or more, non-welding occurs at the start end. A water jacket for water cooling is formed inside the cylinder head near the valve seat. For this reason, heat capacity differs in each position in a valve seat. Furthermore, at the beginning, the cylinder head blank is not sufficiently heated. For this reason, it has been found that when the starting end is formed at a position where the heat capacity is large or the buildup is started in the direction where the heat capacity is increased, non-welding easily occurs at the starting end.

本発明は、このような問題点を解決するためになされたものであり、熱容量が大きくない位置において、熱容量が小さくなる方向に肉盛りを開始するため、始端部おける未溶着を抑制できるバルブシート用のレーザ肉盛方法を提供することを主たる目的とする。   The present invention has been made to solve such a problem, and in the position where the heat capacity is not large, the build-up is started in the direction of decreasing the heat capacity, so that the valve seat can suppress non-welding at the start end. The main object is to provide a laser deposition method for

上記目的を達成するための本発明の一態様は、シリンダヘッド粗形材において、一対の吸気ポートの燃焼室側の開口端に円環状のザグリ溝を形成するステップと、前記ザグリ溝に金属粉を供給しつつ、レーザビームを照射して前記ザグリ溝に肉盛層を形成するステップと、を含むバルブシート用のレーザ肉盛方法であって、前記肉盛層を形成するステップにおいて、前記ザグリ溝における円周方向の位置を、シリンダブロックとの合わせ面に最近接する位置を０°として角度表示した場合、一方の前記吸気ポートにおける前記肉盛層の始端部を、他方の前記吸気ポートに近づく方向の０〜４５°の範囲に形成する、バルブシート用のレーザ肉盛方法である。この一態様によれば、熱容量が大きくない位置において、熱容量が小さくなる方向に肉盛りを開始するため、始端部おける未溶着を抑制できる。   In one aspect of the present invention for achieving the above object, in the rough cylinder head material, an annular counterbore groove is formed at the open end of the pair of intake ports on the combustion chamber side, and metal powder in the counterbore groove A laser beam is irradiated to form a build-up layer in the counterbore while supplying a laser beam, and the laser build-up method for a valve seat, wherein the step of forming the build-up layer includes When the position in the circumferential direction of the groove is displayed as an angle, where the position closest to the mating surface with the cylinder block is 0 °, the start of the buildup layer in one of the intake ports approaches the other of the intake ports It is a laser buildup method for a valve seat which is formed in the range of 0 to 45 ° in the direction. According to this one aspect, since deposition starts in the direction in which the heat capacity decreases at a position where the heat capacity is not large, it is possible to suppress non-welding at the start end.

本発明によれば、熱容量が大きくない位置において、熱容量が小さくなる方向に肉盛りを開始するため、始端部おける未溶着を抑制できるバルブシート用のレーザ肉盛方法を提供することができる。   According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a laser buildup method for a valve seat that can suppress non-welding at the start end portion, since buildup is started in the direction in which the heat capacity decreases at a position where the heat capacity is not large.

本発明の一実施形態に係るシリンダヘッドの上面図である。It is a top view of a cylinder head concerning one embodiment of the present invention. 本発明の一実施形態に係るザグリ溝の部分拡大断面図である。It is a partial expanded sectional view of the counterbore which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. ザグリ溝における円周方向の角度及びその角度における台座部の体積の実測値の一例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows an example of the angle of the circumferential direction in a counterbore, and the actual value of the volume of the base part in the angle. ザグリ溝における円周方向の位置とその位置における熱容量との関係を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the relationship of the position of the circumferential direction in the counterbore and the heat capacity in the position.

以下、図面を参照して本発明の実施形態について説明する。
本発明の一実施形態に係るバルブシート用のレーザ肉盛方法は、例えば、自動車エンジンなどのシリンダヘッド１のバルブシート２に金属粉（クラッド粉）を供給しつつ、その金属粉に対してレーザビームを照射して溶融固化させて肉盛る所謂レーザクラッド加工を行うものである（図１）。このように、バルブシート合金をシリンダヘッド１に直接肉盛りすることで、熱伝導性を大幅に向上させることができ、燃焼室バルブ周りの冷却性能を高めることができる。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
The laser build-up method for a valve seat according to an embodiment of the present invention is, for example, supplying a metal powder (cladding powder) to a valve seat 2 of a cylinder head 1 of an automobile engine or the like while A so-called laser cladding process is performed in which a beam is irradiated to melt and solidify and build up (FIG. 1). As described above, by directly depositing the valve seat alloy on the cylinder head 1, the thermal conductivity can be greatly improved, and the cooling performance around the combustion chamber valve can be enhanced.

本実施形態に係るバルブシート用のレーザ肉盛方法では、アルミニウム製のシリンダヘッド粗形材において、切削加工を行い、一対の吸気ポート３の燃焼室側の開口端に円環状のザグリ溝４を形成する（図２）。形成したザグリ溝４に金属粉を供給しつつ、レーザビームを照射してザグリ溝４に肉盛層（クラッド層）４１を形成する。   In the laser buildup method for a valve seat according to the present embodiment, cutting is performed on a rough cylinder head made of aluminum, and an annular counterbore 4 is formed at the open end of the pair of intake ports 3 on the combustion chamber side. Form (Figure 2). The metal powder is supplied to the formed counterbore 4 and a laser beam is irradiated to form a buildup layer (cladding layer) 41 in the counterbore 4.

例えば、粉フィーダーなどを用いて銅合金などの金属粉をガスにより加圧し、その金属粉をノズル介してザグリ溝４に対して吹き付ける。そして、半導体レーザ装置などにより、ザグリ溝４に供給された金属粉に対しレーザビームを照射し該金属粉を溶融させることで、ザグリ溝４に肉盛加工を行う。   For example, metal powder such as copper alloy is pressurized by gas using powder feeder or the like, and the metal powder is sprayed to the counterbore groove 4 through a nozzle. Then, a laser beam is irradiated to the metal powder supplied to the counterbored groove 4 by a semiconductor laser device or the like to melt the metal powder, thereby performing the cladding processing on the counterbored groove 4.

図１に示す如く、吸気ポート３のザグリ溝４の始端部Ｓ１から金属粉を供給しつつ、レーザビームを照射してザグリ溝４に肉盛層４１の形成を開始し、ザグリ溝４に沿って１周肉盛層４１を形成する。さらに、始端部Ｓ１を通り過ぎて、１周目で形成した肉盛層４１にラップさせて終端部Ｓ２まで肉盛層４１（以下、このラップした肉盛層４１をラップ部４２と称す）を形成する。このように、肉盛層４１をラップさせることで、ザグリ溝４に隙間なく肉盛層４１を形成することができる。   As shown in FIG. 1, while supplying metal powder from the start end S1 of the counterbore groove 4 of the intake port 3, laser beam is irradiated to start formation of the overlaying layer 41 in the counterbore groove 4 and along the counterbore groove 4 Thus, a one-turn buildup layer 41 is formed. Further, it passes through the start end portion S1 and is lapped by the build-up layer 41 formed in the first round to form a build-up layer 41 (hereinafter, the lapped build-up layer 41 is referred to as a wrap portion 42) up to the end portion S2. Do. Thus, the buildup layer 41 can be formed without gaps in the counterbore 4 by wrapping the buildup layer 41.

ところで、バルブシート近傍のシリンダヘッド内部には、水冷用のウォータジャケットが形成されている。このため、バルブシートにおける各位置において熱容量が異なる。また、始端部ではシリンダヘッド粗形材が加熱されていない。このため、熱容量が大きい位置に始端部を形成したり、熱容量が大きくなる方向に肉盛りを開始すると、始端部において未溶着が起こり易い。   By the way, a water jacket for water cooling is formed inside the cylinder head near the valve seat. For this reason, heat capacity differs in each position in a valve seat. Also, at the beginning end, the rough cylinder head is not heated. For this reason, when the start end is formed at a position where the heat capacity is large or the buildup is started in the direction where the heat capacity is increased, non-welding tends to occur at the start end.

これに対し、本実施形態に係るバルブシート用のレーザ肉盛方法において、形成されたザグリ溝４における円周方向の位置を、シリンダブロックとの合わせ面に最近接する位置を０°として角度表示した場合、一方の吸気ポート３における肉盛層４１の始端部Ｓ１を、他方の吸気ポート３に近づく方向の０〜４５°の範囲に形成する。これにより、熱容量が大きくない位置において、熱容量が小さくなる方向に肉盛りを開始するため、始端部Ｓ１おける未溶着を抑制できる。   On the other hand, in the laser buildup method for a valve seat according to the present embodiment, the circumferential position of the formed counterbore 4 is angled with the position closest to the mating surface with the cylinder block as 0 °. In this case, the start end S1 of the buildup layer 41 in one intake port 3 is formed in the range of 0 to 45 ° in the direction approaching the other intake port 3. In this way, at the position where the heat capacity is not large, build-up is started in the direction in which the heat capacity decreases, so it is possible to suppress non-welding at the start end S1.

ここで、熱容量とは、例えば、ザグリ溝（台座部）４の肉盛中心（角部）Ｓ３からレーザビームの熱影響が及ぶ範囲内に含まれる台座部４の体積（アルミ体積）、あるいは、台座部４の肉盛中心Ｓ３からウォータージャケット５又は隣接する台座部４までの範囲で最小となる肉厚、である。例えば、図２に示す如く、クラッド（肉盛中心）Ｓ３を中心に、直径１５ｍｍの球の中に含まれる台座部４のアルミ体積を熱容量とする。   Here, the heat capacity means, for example, the volume (aluminum volume) of the pedestal 4 included in the range affected by the heat influence of the laser beam from the buildup center (corner portion) S3 of the counterbored groove (pedestal) 4 or The thickness is the smallest in the range from the overlay center S3 of the pedestal 4 to the water jacket 5 or the adjacent pedestal 4. For example, as shown in FIG. 2, the heat volume is the aluminum volume of the pedestal 4 contained in a ball of 15 mm in diameter centering on the cladding (surfacing center) S3.

ザグリ溝４における円周方向の位置を、シリンダブロックとの合わせ面に最近接する位置（シリンダヘッド１のボア中心Ｓ４と吸気ポート３の燃焼室側の開口端の中心とを結んだ直線が、ボア中心Ｓ４から離れた側のザグリ溝４と交差する交点）を０°として角度表示する。   A position where the circumferential position of the counterbore 4 is closest to the mating surface with the cylinder block (a straight line connecting the bore center S4 of the cylinder head 1 and the center of the open end of the intake port 3 on the combustion chamber An angle is displayed with 0 ° as an intersection point intersecting the counterbore 4 on the side away from the center S4.

図３は、ザグリ溝における円周方向の角度Θ（ｄｅｇ）およびその角度における台座部の体積（熱容量ｍｍ３）の実測値の一例を示す図である。図１の左側の吸気ポート３のザグリ溝４は時計方向、図１の右側の吸気ポート３のザグリ溝４は反時計方向を正方向とする。すなわち、一方の吸気ポート３における肉盛層４１の始端部Ｓ１から、他方の吸気ポート３に近づく方向へ正方向とする。 Figure 3 is a diagram showing an example of a measured value of the volume of the pedestal portion (heat capacity mm 3) in the angular theta (deg) and the angle in the circumferential direction in the counterbored groove. The counterbored groove 4 of the intake port 3 on the left side of FIG. 1 is clockwise, and the counterbored groove 4 of the intake port 3 on the right side of FIG. That is, from the start end S <b> 1 of the buildup layer 41 in one intake port 3, a forward direction is set in the direction approaching the other intake port 3.

図３に示す実測値より、ザグリ溝４における円周方向の位置（角度Θ）における熱容量は、下記式のように、正弦波で近似できる。
熱容量ｙ＝−Ａｓｉｎ（Θ−α）＋ｍ From the actual measurement value shown in FIG. 3, the heat capacity at the circumferential position (angle Θ) in the counterbore 4 can be approximated by a sine wave as in the following equation.
Heat capacity y = −Asin (Θ−α) + m

上記式において、ｍは、周方向の各位置における熱容量の平均値（以下、熱容量平均値）であり、αは熱容量平均値となる角度（熱容量平均位置）であり、Ａは予め設定される任意の定数である。図３において、熱容量平均値ｍ＝１０２０ｍｍ３、熱容量平均位置α＝４５°、Ａ＝１００となっている。 In the above equation, m is an average value of heat capacity at each position in the circumferential direction (hereinafter, heat capacity average value), α is an angle (heat capacity average position) to be a heat capacity average value, and A is a preset arbitrary Is a constant of In FIG. 3, the heat capacity average value m = 1020 mm 3 , the heat capacity average position α = 45 °, and A = 100.

ここで、熱容量が小さい位置に肉盛層のラップ部があると、熱容量が大きい部分に来たときに溶込み不足による未溶着が発生する。一方、熱容量が大きい位置に肉盛層のラップ部があると、熱容量が小さい部分に来たときに溶込み過剰による合金化が発生する。   Here, if the lap portion of the buildup layer is at a position where the heat capacity is small, when the heat capacity comes to a portion where the heat capacity is large, non-welding occurs due to insufficient melting. On the other hand, if the lap portion of the buildup layer is located at a position where the heat capacity is large, alloying due to excessive penetration occurs when the heat capacity comes to a portion where the heat capacity is small.

したがって、肉盛層４１のラップ部４２は、熱容量平均位置近傍にあるのが好ましい。この場合、肉盛層４１の始端部Ｓ１は熱容量平均位置近傍となる。このため、レーザビームの入熱過剰による溶込み過剰による亀裂、および、レーザビームの入熱不足による未溶着を防止できる。   Therefore, it is preferable that the wrap portion 42 of the buildup layer 41 be in the vicinity of the heat capacity average position. In this case, the start end S1 of the buildup layer 41 is in the vicinity of the heat capacity average position. Therefore, it is possible to prevent a crack due to excessive penetration due to excessive heat input of the laser beam and non-deposition due to insufficient heat input to the laser beam.

図４は、ザグリ溝における円周方向の位置とその位置における熱容量との関係を示す図であり、図３を簡略化した図である。
本実施形態において、例えば、図４に示すように、肉盛層４１の始端部Ｓ１を、熱容量平均位置（４５°）の近傍の０°〜４５°の範囲に形成する。同様に、肉盛層４１の終端部Ｓ２を熱容量平均位置（４０５°）の近傍の４０５°〜４５０°の範囲に形成する。これにより、レーザビームの入熱過剰による溶込み過剰による亀裂、および、レーザビームの入熱不足による未溶着を防止できる。 FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between the circumferential position in the counterbore and the heat capacity at that position, and is a diagram in which FIG. 3 is simplified.
In the present embodiment, for example, as shown in FIG. 4, the start end S1 of the buildup layer 41 is formed in the range of 0 ° to 45 ° in the vicinity of the heat capacity average position (45 °). Similarly, the end portion S2 of the buildup layer 41 is formed in the range of 405 ° to 450 ° in the vicinity of the heat capacity average position (405 °). As a result, it is possible to prevent cracking due to excessive penetration due to excessive heat input to the laser beam and non-welding due to insufficient heat input to the laser beam.

また、本実施形態のように肉盛層４１の始端部Ｓ１を０〜４５°の範囲に形成した場合、図４に示す如く、その始端部Ｓ１から角度が増加するに従がって熱容量が小さくなる。すなわち、肉盛層４１の始端部Ｓ１から熱容量が小さくなる方向に、ザグリ溝４に金属粉を供給しつつ、レーザビームを照射してザグリ溝４に肉盛層４１の形成することとなる。これにより、ザグリ溝４が温まり易く、レーザビームによる溶込みを適正に制御でき、肉盛層４１の始端部Ｓ１直後での未溶着を防止できる。さらに、熱容量が小さい角度から熱容量が大きい角度まで肉盛層４１の形成が進むと、この時点で既にシリンダヘッド１全体が温まっている。このため、シリンダヘッド１のザグリ溝４全体においてレーザビームの溶込みを十分に確保でき、未溶着を防止できる。   When the start S1 of the buildup layer 41 is formed in the range of 0 to 45 ° as in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, the heat capacity increases as the angle increases from the start S1. It becomes smaller. That is, while the metal powder is supplied to the counterbored groove 4 in the direction in which the heat capacity is reduced from the start end S1 of the cladding layer 41, the laser beam is irradiated to form the cladding layer 41 in the counterbored groove 4. As a result, the counterbore 4 can be easily warmed, the penetration by the laser beam can be appropriately controlled, and non-welding immediately after the start end S1 of the buildup layer 41 can be prevented. Furthermore, when the formation of the built-up layer 41 proceeds from an angle at which the heat capacity is small to an angle at which the heat capacity is large, the entire cylinder head 1 has already been warmed at this time. For this reason, penetration of a laser beam can fully be ensured in the counterbore groove 4 whole of the cylinder head 1, and non-welding can be prevented.

このように、本実施形態において、肉盛層４１の始端部Ｓ１を、熱容量が大きくない熱容量平均位置近傍の０°〜４５°の範囲に形成し、この始端部Ｓ１から熱容量が小さくなる方向に肉盛りを開始する。このため、始端部Ｓ１における未溶着を抑制できる。すなわち、熱容量が大きくない位置において、熱容量が小さくなる方向に肉盛りを開始するため、始端部Ｓ１における未溶着を抑制できる。   As described above, in the present embodiment, the start end S1 of the buildup layer 41 is formed in the range of 0 ° to 45 ° near the heat capacity average position where the heat capacity is not large, and the heat capacity decreases from the start end S1. Start meat filling. For this reason, the non-welding in starting end part S1 can be suppressed. That is, in the position where the heat capacity is not large, the buildup is started in the direction of decreasing the heat capacity, so that the non-welding at the start end S1 can be suppressed.

また、肉盛層４１のラップ部４２は、一度形成した肉盛層４１を再溶融させる必要があるが、この肉盛層４１はアルミよりも融点が高い。このため、ラップ部４２ではレーザビームの入熱を高くする必要があるが、本実施形態においては、ラップ部４２の始端部Ｓ１から終端部Ｓ２へと熱容量が小さくなっている。したがって、ラップ部４２において、１層目の肉盛層４１を溶融させる熱量を確保でき、１及び２層間の肉盛層４１の未溶着を防止できる。   In addition, although it is necessary to remelt the cladding layer 41 once formed, the cladding portion 41 of the cladding layer 41 has a melting point higher than that of aluminum. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the heat input of the laser beam in the wrap portion 42. However, in the present embodiment, the heat capacity is reduced from the start end S1 to the end portion S2 of the wrap portion 42. Therefore, in the wrap portion 42, the heat quantity for melting the first buildup layer 41 can be secured, and non-welding of the buildup layer 41 between the first and second layers can be prevented.

さらに、肉盛層４１の終端部Ｓ２では、通常、凝固収縮に伴う残留応力が発生するが、本実施形態によれば、この終端部Ｓ２付近で熱容量が熱容量平均値以下となる。このため、この終端部Ｓ２ではザグリ溝４の熱引けが悪く、ゆっくり温度が降下することで、残留応力を低減することができる。   Furthermore, in the end portion S2 of the buildup layer 41, a residual stress is generally generated along with solidification and contraction, but according to the present embodiment, the heat capacity is less than the heat capacity average value in the vicinity of the end portion S2. For this reason, the heat shrinkage of the counterbore groove 4 is poor at the end portion S2, and the temperature is slowly lowered, whereby the residual stress can be reduced.

なお、本発明は上記実施の形態に限られたものではなく、趣旨を逸脱しない範囲で適宜変更することが可能である。   The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and can be appropriately modified without departing from the scope of the present invention.

１ シリンダヘッド、２ バルブシート、３ 吸気ポート、４ ザグリ溝、５ ウォータージャケット、４１ 肉盛層、４２ ラップ部、Ｓ１ 始端部、Ｓ２ 終端部、Ｓ３ 肉盛中心、Ｓ４ ボア中心   Reference Signs List 1 cylinder head, 2 valve seat, 3 intake port, 4 counterbored groove, 5 water jacket, 41 buildup layer, 42 lap portion, S1 start end portion, S2 end portion, S3 buildup center, S4 bore center

Claims (1)

シリンダヘッド粗形材において、一対の吸気ポートの燃焼室側の開口端に円環状のザグリ溝を形成するステップと、
前記ザグリ溝に金属粉を供給しつつ、レーザビームを照射して前記ザグリ溝に肉盛層を形成するステップと、
を含むバルブシート用のレーザ肉盛方法であって、
前記肉盛層を形成するステップにおいて、
前記ザグリ溝における円周方向の位置を、シリンダブロックとの合わせ面に最近接する位置を０°として角度表示した場合、一方の前記吸気ポートにおける前記肉盛層の始端部を、他方の前記吸気ポートに近づく方向の０〜４５°の範囲に形成し、
前記始端部から、前記角度が増加する方向に前記肉盛層の形成を開始する、
バルブシート用のレーザ肉盛方法。 Forming an annular counterbore at an opening end of the pair of intake ports on the combustion chamber side in the cylinder head rough member;
Irradiating a laser beam while supplying metal powder to the counterbored groove to form a build-up layer on the counterbored groove;
Laser cladding method for valve seat including
In the step of forming the buildup layer,
When the position in the circumferential direction of the counterbore is angularly displayed with the position closest to the mating surface with the cylinder block as 0 °, the start end of the cladding layer in one of the intake ports is the other of the intake ports Form in the range of 0-45 ° in the direction approaching
Starting formation of the buildup layer in the direction in which the angle increases from the start end,
Laser buildup method for valve seat.
JP2015200596A 2015-10-08 2015-10-08 Laser buildup method for valve seat Expired - Fee Related JP6512059B2 (en)

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