JP6503209B2 - Method of manufacturing joined products by press-fitting - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to the production how the bonded article by press-fitting joint.

  Conventionally, as a method of preventing deformation of a metal member at the time of processing, for example, as shown in FIG. 7, the method described in Patent Document 1 reduces the variation of the product after joining the metal members to each other. The lower electrode 44 is held in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the arcuate wall by the holding member 42 so that the arcuate wall does not expand outward, and the second metal member 48 is pressurized by the upper electrode 46. While both electrodes are energized while joining both metal members by electrical resistance heat, the holding member 42 prevents the side wall of the first metal member 40 from spreading out and deforming at the time of press fitting. And so on.

  Moreover, the joining method of the metal member etc. which were described in patent document 2 fix a position control ring to the inner peripheral side part of the contact surface among the lower end faces of an annular electrode part, and this position control ring is a clutch cone The clutch cone is centered and positioned so that the axial center B of the clutch cone is coaxial with the axial center of the gear by internally fitting it in the tapered portion.

  In addition, the applicant of the present invention previously disclosed a press-fit bonding method in Patent Document 3. This presses the second member (cylindrical body) into the hole of the first member (plate), and applies current (primary current) between both members to perform solid phase bonding by press-fitting, and after this bonding again Heat treatment (tempering) by current flow (secondary current flow) to secure toughness and the like.

  Similarly, the applicant has previously disclosed a method for producing a steel product in Patent Document 4. This is because when performing solid-phase diffusion bonding by pressing the second steel material into the hole of the first steel material by primary energization and performing solid phase diffusion bonding, secondary heating after rapid heating to A3 or A1 transformation point or more by resistance heat by primary energization, Reheating by energization is performed, and the temperature of the joint is raised or maintained above the pearlite precipitation line of the continuous cooling transformation diagram by this secondary energization, and then the cooling curve passes over the pearlite precipitation line, and further martensite It passes through the transformation point and is cooled. According to this manufacturing method, the precipitates in the grain boundaries are mostly ferrite in comparison with the carbides, and each form a massive form and precipitate in the form of nets at the grain boundaries, and the material in the net has a martensitic structure. It is said that a steel product having a structure and excellent in toughness and strength can be obtained.

Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 2005-959 Patent 5234505 gazette Patent No. 4440229 JP, 2014-84504, A

  By the way, in the patent document 1, the holding member prevents the side wall of the metal member from expanding and deforming outward, but the accuracy of the deformation depends on the degree of contact by the holding member, strength, etc. Have the problem of being In addition, the position control ring described in Patent Document 2 is not suitable for vertical control because it is fixed to the lower end surface of the annular electrode and internally fitted to the clutch cone to restrict its horizontal movement. .

On the other hand, the present applicant previously filed an application (Patent Document 3) related to a press-fit bonding method. In this press-fit bonding method, at the time of the first energization, the contact area is mainly small and the contact area is large at the electric resistance heat generation. However, at the time of secondary energization, the heat generation is caused by the increase of the contact area of the joint. Due to the expansion of the area, the second member itself generates heat. That is, the electrical resistance of the second member itself relative to the bonding portion becomes relatively large, and the second member itself (in the vicinity of the bonding portion) also generates heat due to resistance heat similarly to the bonding portion.
Then, due to heat generation and softening of the second member, deformation (collapsing) such as expansion of the outer diameter due to applied pressure is observed, and the second member is necessary due to softening of the joint at the time of secondary energization and the like. There was also the problem of being pushed further than that. Also in the method of manufacturing a steel product according to Patent Document 4, the same problem may occur even in the case of Patent Document 3 because heat treatment is performed by secondary energization.
The deformation of the second member has not been a problem so far because it is a part of the member, but in recent years, the overall length of the unit is designed to be as short as possible by the weight reduction of the unit and components accompanying the weight reduction of the vehicle. As the related parts tend to design the shaft short, tight tolerances of the shaft diameter are required at the root of the shaft, and it has become necessary to achieve the dimensional accuracy of the member.

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems and the like, and prevents the crushing (expansion) and the like of a joined product related to press-fit bonding, and is a joined product by press-fit bonding excellent in precision and quality and excellent in reliability. an object of the present invention is to provide a manufacturing how.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention is a method of manufacturing a joined product in which the first member 6 in which the hole 4 is formed and the second member 8 having the insertion portion 9 are press-bonded. The first member and the second member are both members made of metal, and the insertion portion 9 of the second member 8 with respect to the hole 4 of the first member 6 is provided with a press-fit allowance, The first member 6 is disposed on the upper surface portion of the lower electrode 12, while the second member 8 is held by the upper electrode 10, and the lower portion of the second member 8 is a pressing portion 20 of the lower portion of the upper electrode 10. A ring shape or a combination of a plurality of divided pieces in a ring shape having an insertion hole at the center between the pressing portion 20 of the upper electrode 10 and the upper portion of the first member 6 so as to protrude further downward And the insulating or base material provided with an insulating coating on the base material, and the insertion The insertion portion 9 of the second member 8 inserted in the portion is aligned with the hole portion 4 of the first member 6, and with the pressure applied by the upper electrode 10, primary energization is performed between the two members to obtain both members. The joint portion is heated and softened to press-fit the insertion portion 9 into the hole 4 of the first member 6, and is added by the pressing portion 20 of the upper electrode 10 as the upper electrode 10 descends. The insertion portion 9 of the second member 8 is press-fit into the hole 4 until pressure is applied to the lower electrode 12 through the collar member 16 and the first member 6 (see FIG. Solid phase diffusion bonding is performed in this process), and after the primary energization is stopped, secondary energization is performed between the two members in a state accompanied by pressure applied by the upper electrode 10, and Stop the secondary current after heating the area A structure characterized.

Here, providing the collar member 16 between the pressing portion 20 of the upper electrode 10 and the upper portion of the first member 6 means attaching the collar member 16 to the pressing portion 20 or the first member. This means disposing the collar member 16 on the upper side of the member 6 or the like.
Further, the insulation coating of the color member 16 means that a coating material such as metal is coated with an insulating paint, or that the base material is coated with an insulating material, such as ceramic spraying, or that the base material is an insulating material. We say to do coating.

In the method of manufacturing a joined product according to the present invention, a covering portion 36 coated with an insulating coating is provided on the lower portion of the pressing portion 20 of the upper electrode 10 instead of the collar member 16. The configuration is characterized in that the applied pressure is applied to the lower electrode 12 through the covering portion 36 and the first member 6.
Here, as for the insulation coating applied to the pressing portion 20 as well, an insulating paint is applied to the pressing portion 20, or a coating of an insulating material, for example, ceramic spraying, is applied to the substrate, or a coating of an insulating material is applied to the pressing portion. Say to do.

  The method of manufacturing a joined product according to the present invention is configured such that the first member 6 and the second member 8 are both members made of steel.

  The manufacturing method of the joined article according to the present invention is that the side surface portion of the second member 8 is mechanically held by the upper electrode 10 having the plurality of electrode pieces 14.

  Further, in the method of manufacturing a joined product according to the present invention, when the collar member 16 is formed in a ring shape and the collar member 16 is attached to the pressing portion 20 of each electrode piece 14 of the upper electrode 10, the collar member 16 is Screw holes are provided at a plurality of locations, and a screw having a diameter smaller than that of the screw holes is used, and a screw is provided with play between the two.

  Further, in the method of manufacturing a joined product according to the present invention, the pressing force at the time of the secondary energization is 1⁄2 or more, preferably 2⁄3 or more of the pressing force at the primary energization, and the pressing force at the primary energization. It is as follows.

  Further, a bonded article according to the present invention is manufactured by any of the above-described methods of manufacturing a bonded product.

  According to the method of manufacturing a joined product according to the present invention, the pressure applied by the pressing portion of the upper electrode is applied to the lower electrode through the collar member and the first member. Since the insertion portion is press-fit into the hole portion and press-fit bonding is performed by solid phase diffusion, and then heat treatment by secondary energization is performed in a state accompanied by pressure force by the upper electrode. Because the collar member has a function to stop the press-in from proceeding further after press-fitting to a predetermined depth, the accuracy of the press-in depth of the second member is enhanced. The burnt color (abnormal heat generation) of the member is also prevented, the quality of the bonded product is improved, and a bonded product having excellent reliability can be obtained.

  According to the method of manufacturing a joined product according to the present invention, a coating portion coated with an insulating coating is provided on the lower portion of the pressing portion of the upper electrode instead of the collar member, and the pressure applied by the pressing portion of the upper electrode is coating In the same manner as described above, the second member can be prevented from collapsing (expansion), and the accuracy of the press-in depth can be enhanced, and the color of the member can be burnt, as described above. Also, it is possible to obtain a joint product which is improved in quality, reliability and excellent in economy, and is also effective.

  According to the method of manufacturing a joined product according to the present invention, since the first member and the second member are both members made of steel, the precision and quality of the joined product using the steel are enhanced, and the toughness is also improved. There is an effect that a joint product excellent in reliability can be obtained, for example, by securing etc.

  According to the method of manufacturing a joined product according to the present invention, since the side surface portion of the second member is mechanically held by the upper electrode having a plurality of electrode pieces, the second member can be held quickly. There is an effect that pressure transmission can also be performed reliably.

  Further, according to the method of manufacturing a joined product according to the present invention, when the collar member is attached to the pressing portion of each electrode piece of the upper electrode, a screw smaller in diameter than the screw hole of the collar member is used. Because the collar member is inserted each time and the like, it is possible to save time and effort, and to expand and hold each electrode piece within the range of the play, and the second member quickly becomes the upper electrode. It has the effect of being attached to

  Further, according to the method of manufacturing a joined product according to the present invention, the pressing force at the time of secondary energization is at least 1/2 or more, preferably 2/3 or more of the pressing force at the primary energization, and less than the pressing force at primary energization. Accordingly, the pressure can be appropriately adjusted according to the shape, thickness and the like of the first member, which contributes to ensuring the quality.

  Further, according to the bonded product according to the present invention, since it is manufactured by the method for manufacturing any one of the above bonded products, it is possible to prevent the second member from being crushed (blown) in the same manner as described above. Therefore, the quality is improved by improving the accuracy of the above and preventing the burnt color, etc., and there is an effect that a joined product having excellent reliability can be obtained.

It is a figure which concerns on embodiment and shows the manufacturing apparatus (one part) used for the manufacturing method of a joined article. It is a figure showing a color member concerning an embodiment. It is a figure which shows the upper electrode (a collar member is attached) which concerns on embodiment. It is a figure which shows the upper electrode (formation of a coating | coated part) which concerns on embodiment. It is a figure which shows electrode vicinity just before the primary electricity supply which concerns on press-fit joining. It is a figure which shows electrode vicinity in secondary electrical conduction which concerns on press-fit joining. It is a figure which shows the joining apparatus which concerns on a prior art example.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be specifically described.
FIG. 1 shows (a part of) a press-fit bonding apparatus 2 for manufacturing a bonded product by press-fitting. A joint product in which the members are joined by the press-fit joint device 2 is a metal element part, and in this case, it is joined to the plate body 6 (first member) provided with the hole 4 and the hole 4 Shaft 8 (second member) was used. The plate 6 and the shaft 8 are both made of steel. Further, a press-in allowance is required as a predetermined overlapping portion between the hole 4 of the plate body 6 and the insertion portion 9 of the shaft body 8.

  The press-fit bonding apparatus 2 supports a control mechanism for controlling the whole, an upper electrode 10 and a lower electrode 12 as electrodes to be energized between the plate body 6 and the shaft 8 and an upper platen 11 for holding the upper electrode 10 and a lower electrode 12. The lower platen 13 has a moving mechanism for positioning and moving the upper platen 11 at a predetermined position, and a pressing mechanism for applying pressure to the upper platen 11 (each mechanism is not shown). The electrode has a form in which the electrode body is fixed to the electrode holder by a bolt or the like.

The upper electrode 10 is capable of holding (sandwiching) the shaft 8 and the lower electrode 12 is in the form of a thick plate having a flat surface on which the plate 6 can be placed. The material is made of chromium copper or beryllium copper.
Here, the upper electrode 10 is divided into four electrode pieces 14 (a shape to be combined in a ring shape for holding the shaft body 8), and the shaft 8 is held by the holding portion at the lower portion of each electrode piece 14 A collet chuck type electrode was used. Moreover, what was divided | segmented into several electrode pieces other than that as the upper electrode 10 can be used, and these electrode pieces are the shapes combined together in ring shape.
The upper electrode 10 and the lower electrode 12 are energized via the upper platen 11 and the lower platen 13, respectively. As a power source used for energization, direct current, alternating current, or direct current using a large capacity capacitor can be used.

  Furthermore, in this embodiment, the insulating collar member 16 is provided between the upper electrode 10 for holding and pressing the shaft 8 and the plate body 6, and the pressing force applied to the shaft 8 is reduced by the collar member 16. Adopted measures to The collar member 16 insulates between the upper electrode 10 and the plate body 6 and receives pressure applied between the two. The form in which the collar member 16 is provided (intervened) includes a form in which the collar member 16 is disposed on the lower electrode 12 or fixed to the lower part of the upper electrode 10.

  Here, as the collar member 16, as shown in FIG. 2A, a ring-shaped (hollow disk-shaped) insulating material having an insertion hole 22 at the center is used. The size of the insertion hole 22 is appropriate such that the shaft 8 (insertion portion 9) can be gently inserted. The gap between the shaft 8 and the insertion hole 22 is 0.5 mm or more and 3 mm or less (radial direction), more preferably 1 mm or more and 2 mm or less with respect to the shaft 8. Further, the plate thickness of the collar member 16 is preferably set to a dimension necessary to secure a heat storage area 24 of the shaft 8 described later, and the strength of the collar member 16 and the electrical resistance of the shaft 8 itself, etc. 0.5 mm or more and 5 mm or less, more preferably 1 mm or more and 3 mm or less.

  When the collar member 16 is thin, for example, there is a method of providing a recess (chamfering) around the inner side (nipping portion side) of the tip of the upper electrode 10 itself as a method of securing more heat storage area 24. . According to the upper electrode 10, the recessed portion forms an exposed portion 23 not in contact with the upper electrode 10 on the shaft body 8, which can be secured as the heat storage area 24.

Moreover, as the color | collar member 16, the thing of the shape which combined several divided pieces (insulation property), for example, several circular arc-shaped pieces, in ring shape can be used.
FIG. 2B shows, as the collar member 16, an insulating member having a pair of insulating circular arc-shaped split pieces 17, 17 in a ring shape and having an insertion hole 22 at the center.
As described above, the use of the collar member 16 divided into a plurality of divided pieces is effective particularly in the case of a shape in which an enlarged diameter portion is provided on the upper portion as the shaft body 8 or the like. That is, when the collar member 16 is ring-shaped (integral), the collar member may not be removed from the joined product after joining, which is disadvantageous. When the collar member 16 is constituted by a plurality of divided pieces, it is preferable to arrange the divided pieces in combination so that the whole becomes a ring shape. In the embodiment in which the collar member 16 is arranged in a ring shape with a plurality of divided pieces, the gap with the shaft 8 and the plate thickness of each divided piece and the like are the same as in the case of the ring shaped collar member 16. .

As a material of the color member 16, it is possible to use a heat-resistant insulating ceramic, a synthetic resin such as Bakelite and a fluorine resin, or the like.
In addition, as the color member 16, a metal material as a base material is coated with a heat-resistant insulating paint, or a metal material is coated with a heat-resistant insulation material, or a base material provided with an insulation coating may be used. It is possible. More specifically, it is possible to use, as the color member 16, an insulating paint-coated product obtained by applying a heat-resistant insulating paint to chromium copper or the like, or a ceramic coated product obtained by applying an insulating ceramic spraying to chromium copper or the like. It is also possible to use a substrate coated with a heat-resistant insulating material (such as a synthetic resin) and coated with an insulating coating.

In addition, it is also effective to use a spring washer (a disc spring, a coil spring, etc.) as a base material of the collar member 16. Also in this case, an insulating film is applied to the surface of the spring washer as described above, and this is used as the collar member 16.
In the case where the pressing portion 20 of the upper electrode 10 or the upper side portion of the plate body 6 is not flat or the like, a contact may occur at the contact portion between the collar member 16 and the pressing portion 20 etc. In the case where the collar member 16 using a spring washer is used as the base material, the above-mentioned contact can be prevented.
Moreover, it is possible to use what apply | coated the said insulation coating to the single side | surface or both surfaces of a base material as the color | collar member 16. As shown in FIG. The collar member 16 is required to have heat resistance and pressure resistance because it is located near the joint 18 between the plate body 6 and the shaft and is exposed to high temperature, and durability required for mass production is also required.

Here, a material (ceramic coated product) obtained by subjecting chromium copper to ceramic spraying is used as the color member 16. This is a hollow circular plate made of chromium copper having a thickness of 2 mm and subjected to a ceramic spraying treatment with a film thickness of 0.6 mm on both sides for finishing (insulation coating). The collar member 16 has a ring shape (outside diameter φ = 25 mm, inner diameter φ = 18 mm, for shaft diameter φ = 12 mm) with a plate thickness of 3 mm.
Ceramic-sprayed materials have high hardness, high adhesion between particles and high-density, smooth insulating coatings regardless of the material of the base material, and they are sufficiently resistant to use at high temperatures without cracking. .

The plate 6 has a predetermined thickness, and the hole 4 provided in the plate 6 is a circle having a constant diameter in cross section, and the inner wall of the hole 4 in the vertical direction from the plate surface of the plate 6 A face portion is formed.
As the plate body 6, relatively flat metal element parts such as plate material, disc material, dish material, gear, sprocket and the like can be used. Alternatively, instead of the plate body 6, it is also possible to use a member in which the hole 4 is formed in the vertical direction (various block shapes such as a rectangular parallelepiped).
Further, in this case, a concave burr storage portion (round hole) is provided around the upper inner peripheral side of the hole portion 4 of the plate body 6 to store the burr (surplus thickness) generated at the time of press-fitting.

The shaft 8 is cylindrical (or cylindrical). The insertion portion 9 of the shaft body 8 is a portion formed in the lower portion of the shaft body 8 and having a uniform diameter, and is a portion pressed into the hole portion 4 of the plate body 6.
The outer diameter (diameter) of the insertion portion 9 of the shaft body 8 is slightly larger than the diameter of the hole 4 of the plate body 6, and the press-in margin is the difference between them. By this press-fit allowance, the outer peripheral portion of the insertion portion 9 of the shaft body 8 is brought into contact with the inner wall surface portion of the hole 4 of the plate body 6 to form a bonding interface, and press-fit bonding is performed over the entire periphery.
In addition, as the second member (shaft 8), a material in which the insertion portion 9 has a shape such as a solid material, a hollow material, a rod material, or a pipe shape is used.

Here, although the hole 4 of the plate body 6 is circular and the cross section of the shaft 8 is circular, the shapes of the hole 4 and the shaft 8 (insertion portion 9) are otherwise polygonal or semicircular. It is possible to apply well even if it is oval or the like.
Further, the shaft 8 (insertion portion 9) has a form in which the entire circumference is joined when the cross section with the hole 4 has a similar shape, but in the case where the shaft 8 having no similar shape is adopted Partial bonding around is also possible. In any case, a press-fit allowance is required between the hole 4 and the shaft 8 (entirely or partially).

The upper electrode 10 is shaped to have four electrode pieces 14 as shown in FIG. Each electrode piece 14 has a configuration in which four electrode bodies 15 are respectively fixed to the lower part of the electrode holder by bolts or the like.
The upper electrode 10 mechanically clamps the shaft 8 from four sides by the electrode pieces 14. The holding force of the electrode piece 14 itself is obtained by an air cylinder mechanism, a spring mechanism, a screw type, or the like. At the lower portion of the electrode piece 14, a pinching portion for pinching the side surface portion of the shaft body 8 is formed.
Further, the lower surface of each electrode piece 14 is flat, and this portion (electrode main body 15) functions as the pressing portion 20.
In addition, although the shaft body 8 is clamped using the electrode piece 14 (electrode main body 15) which consists of 4 pieces here, this is a form with other several electrode pieces, such as 2 pieces, 3 pieces of electrode pieces, etc. It can be done.
As the upper electrode 10, it is also possible to use an inserted electrode or the like having a hole into which the upper portion of the shaft 8 is inserted.

  The upper electrode 10 is mounted on the moving mechanism via the upper platen 11, and the shaft 8 is conveyed and positioned at a predetermined position by the moving mechanism in a state of being mechanically held between the upper electrode 10. . When press-fitting the shaft 8, the upper electrode 10 can be lowered by the vertical movement function of the moving mechanism, and the upper electrode 10 is pressed by the pressing force of the pressing mechanism to lower the shaft 8 with the pressing force. Let

In the case of interposing the collar member 16 between the upper electrode 10 and the plate body 6, the color is formed on the pressing portion 20 in the lower portion of the upper electrode 10, in consideration of the form of arranging the collar member 16 in the upper portion of the plate body 6, and productivity. There is a mode (attachment, screwing, adhesion, etc.) of attaching the member 16 or the like.
When the collar member 16 is attached, for example, a method of screwing the collar member 16 to the lower part of the upper electrode 10 using a screw etc., a method of attaching a bolt shaft to the upper part of the collar member 16 and screwing to the lower part of the upper electrode 10 There is. Further, it is also possible to provide hooks on both sides of the collar member 16 and engage the hooks in locking grooves provided in the lower part of the upper electrode 10.

Here, screw holes 32 are provided at four locations (corresponding to the respective electrode pieces) of the ring-shaped collar member 16, and a mode is shown in which the collar member 16 is attached to the pressing portion 20 below the upper electrode 10 using the screw 34. The In this case, the diameter (outside diameter) of the screw 34 is smaller than the diameter (inner diameter) of the screw hole 32 so that a gap (horizontal direction) is formed between the screw hole 32 and the screw 34. Then, a hole of a screw is provided in the pressing portion 20, and the collar member 16 is screwed using the screw 34. Thus, when the collar member 16 is attached to the lower part of the upper electrode 10, a play is provided between the two.
And when pinching the shaft 8 by each electrode piece 14 of the upper electrode 10, before pinching, the inner diameter of the pinching hole portion surrounded by the four electrode pieces 14 is slightly opened to insert the shaft 8 (diameter enlargement) After that, the pinch hole is closed and the shaft 8 is pinched. As described above, if a gap is provided between the screw 34 and the screw hole 32 and the gap is formed in a range in which the shaft 8 can be inserted, the shaft can be opened and closed by opening and closing the electrode piece. 8 can be freely attached and removed.

  When a plurality of electrode pieces are provided as the upper electrode 10, the collar member 16 formed of a plurality of arc-shaped pieces may be used. For example, in the case of having two electrode pieces 14 and 14 as the upper electrode 10, a collar member 16 consisting of two arc-shaped pieces (divided pieces 17 and 17) is used for this, and each arc-shaped piece is each electrode piece 14 , 14 are attached to the lower pressing portion 20.

Moreover, it changes to the color | collar member 16, and the form which provides insulation coating to the press part 20 of the lower part of the upper electrode 10 is employable.
As shown in FIG. 4, this is provided with a coated portion 36 provided with an insulating coating on the lower portion of the pressing portion 20 of the upper electrode 10. In this case, the pressing force applied by the pressing portion 20 of the upper electrode 10 is applied to the lower electrode 12 through the covering portion 36 and the plate body 6.
As the insulating coating to be applied to the upper electrode 10, a form in which the heat resistant insulating paint is applied to the pressing portion 20, a form in which ceramic thermal spraying is performed as a coating of the insulating material, or a form in which a synthetic resin etc. It is possible to adopt, and in this case, it is simple and economical because it is not necessary to separate the electrode and the collar member.

When the shaft 8 is held by the upper electrode 10, the length of the shaft 8 projecting downward from the pressing portion 20 of the upper electrode 10 holding the shaft 8 is the size of the press fit depth and the collar member 16 to be interposed It is necessary to make it equal to the length which added the thickness dimension of. The dimension of this press-fit depth is the depth to which the insertion portion 9 is inserted from the surface of the plate body 6.
For example, in the case where the press-in depth is 4 mm and the thickness of the collar member 16 is 3 mm, the lower portion (insertion portion 9) of the shaft 8 is held in a state of projecting 7 mm (4 + 3 mm) from the pressing portion 20 of the upper electrode 10.

  At this time, when press-fit bonding is completed at a press-fit depth of 4 mm, the upper electrode 10 (pressing portion 20), the collar member 16, the plate member 6, and the lower electrode 12 (surface) overlap and adhere to each other. When the secondary electrode is energized, the pressure applied to the shaft 8 by the upper electrode 10 is switched from the shaft 8 to the collar member 16, and the pressure applied by the upper electrode 10 is received by the collar member 16. Pressure will not be applied to the shaft 8. This is the main function of the collar member 16.

Here, press fitting will be described. FIG. 5 shows the vicinity of the electrodes of the press-fit bonding apparatus. The upper electrode 10 sandwiches the side portion 19 of the shaft body 8, and the plate body 6 is mounted on the lower electrode 12. Further, here, the collar member 16 is disposed on the upper side (surface) of the plate body 6.
The lower electrode 12 has a flat upper surface portion 26 on which the plate body 6 is mounted and supported, and a hole 28 having a circular cross section is provided in the vicinity of the central portion of the upper surface portion 26. The plate body 6 is disposed with its hole 4 at the upper part of the hole 28 with its center substantially aligned.
The size (D: inner diameter) of the hole 28 is slightly larger than that of the shaft 8. This hole 28 is for forming this relief because the periphery of the hole 4 of the plate body 6 is deformed in the press-fitting direction when the shaft body 8 is press-bonded to the plate body 6. Further, the size (D) of the hole 28 is preferably slightly larger than the inner diameter (D1) of the hole 4 of the plate body 6.

The holes 28 prevent sparks and explosions generated at the contact portion when the contact between the plate member 6 and the lower electrode 12 becomes unstable due to the load applied to the plate member 6.
In addition, as a utilization form of the hole 28, a positioning member which can be vertically moved by a coil spring can be disposed in the hole 28. The positioning member is formed so as to be engageable and insertable in the hole 4 of the plate body 6 and can be used for positioning the plate body 6 and the collar member 16, and elastically moves downward with the press-fitting of the shaft body 8.

The outer diameter (D2: diameter) of the insertion portion 9 of the shaft body 8 is slightly larger than the inner diameter of the hole 4 of the plate body 6, and the press-in margin is the difference between them. In addition, chamfering is performed on either or both of the upper edge of the hole 4 of the plate body 6 and the edge of the lower surface of the shaft 8 to provide a chamfer 29.
As a condition of press-fit bonding, a press-fit margin (d) between the hole 4 of the plate body 6 and the shaft body 8 and a press-fit depth (h) are set.

The press-fit allowance (d) is relative to the diameter, where the press-fit allowance (d) = the outer diameter of the shaft 8 (D2) −the inner diameter (D1) of the hole 4. The press-in allowance may be in the range in which the press-in can be performed. The practical range of press-fit allowance is 0.1 mm to 0.7 mm, but if it is in the range of 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm, the amount of burrs is also small and good.
The press-in depth (or the plate thickness of the plate body 6) depends on the magnitude of the current, etc., but a practical range is 1 mm or more and 10 mm or less, preferably 1 mm or more and 6 mm or less. The press-in depth (h) is the depth of the press-in (insertion from the surface of the plate 6) of the insertion portion 9 of the shaft 8 (here, the same as the plate thickness of the plate 6).

  The collar member 16 is interposed between the pressing portion 20 of the upper electrode 10 and the plate body 6. The collar member 16 insulates between the pressing portion 20 of the upper electrode 10 and the plate body 6 and stops the descent of the upper electrode 10 to receive the pressure and the pressure of the upper electrode 10 is applied to the shaft 8 I will not. The collar member 16 is required to have a material, a shape, and the like that can insulate between the upper electrode 10 and the plate body 6 and withstand the pressure applied between the two.

Here, based on FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, the manufacturing method of a press-fit joined article is demonstrated. As a manufacturing process, first, the plate body 6 is placed on the upper surface portion 26 of the lower electrode 12. At this time, positioning is performed so that the center of the hole 4 of the plate body 6 is positioned at the center of the hole 28 of the lower electrode 12.
On the other hand, the lower electrode 12 holds the shaft 8. The shaft 8 is mechanically held by the electrode pieces 14 and 14 of the lower electrode 12.
Furthermore, in this embodiment, the collar member 16 is disposed on the top of the plate body 6 so that the centers of both the holes coincide.

Next, the shaft 8 is moved to a predetermined positioning position together with the upper electrode 10 by the moving mechanism. Then, the upper electrode 10 is lowered together with the pressure applied by the pressing mechanism, and the end of the insertion portion 9 of the shaft 8 is aligned with the hole 4 of the plate 6 (the chamfering portion 29 is used to enhance the matching accuracy). At this time, by the pressing mechanism, the shaft 8 is maintained in a state with a constant pressure applied to the hole 4 of the plate 6.
Then, power is supplied according to an instruction from the control mechanism or the like, and energization by primary energization is started between the upper electrode 10 and the lower electrode 12. As a result, a large volume of current flows between the shaft 8 and the hole 4 of the plate 6 (the joint 18), and the joint 18 is softened with the generation of electrical resistance heat, and the press-fit of the shaft 8 is started. The insertion portion 9 of the shaft body 8 is moved down in the hole 4 of the plate body 6.

In this case, the shaft body 8 is press-fit into the hole 4 of the plate body 6, and at this time, the function of ironing occurs at the bonding interface of the two members, and the press-bonding is performed. As a result, the oxide layer and the like on the surface are scraped to clean the surface, and solid phase diffusion bonding (solid phase diffusion bonding) is performed on the clean tissue.
The press-fit proceeds, and eventually, the pressing portion 20 of the upper electrode 10 abuts on the collar member 16 so that the upper electrode 10 presses the collar member 16, the plate body 6 and the lower electrode 12. At this time, the lowering of the upper electrode 10 is blocked and the progress of the press-in is stopped, and the solid phase diffusion bonding of the shaft body 8 to the plate body 6 is completed. Further, the pressure applied to the shaft 8 by the upper electrode 10 is switched to the pressure applied to the lower electrode 12 through the collar member 16 and the plate body 6.

Then, the primary energization is stopped by an instruction from the control mechanism or the like. The energization time from the start of the primary energization to the stop of the energization is set to be slightly longer than the time until the press-fit bonding of the shaft 8 to the hole 4 of the plate 6 is completed.
In the press-fit bonding method, the press-fit bonding is performed by the above-described pressure application, and the joint portion 18 generates heat instantaneously, and the shaft body 8 is press-fit into the hole 4 in a short time to complete the bonding. After heating by primary energization and press fitting, energization is stopped.
As waiting time (cooling period) from the stop of primary energization to the start time of secondary energization, 0.1 second to 2 seconds are secured in consideration of heat treatment by secondary energization. If this waiting time is too small, it is not preferable because the vicinity of the junction is excessively heated during secondary energization.

Now, heat treatment is carried out by secondary energization, but with the explanation of the process of this secondary energization, in this case, verification was carried out regarding pressurization and energization related to press-fit bonding, especially secondary energization etc., and the present invention was found Add an explanation of the process. Here, the heat treatment by secondary energization is mainly performed in order to obtain a structure rich in toughness and strength at the joint portion 18 between the plate body made of steel material and the shaft body.
When the press-fit bonding is started under the conditions of the above-described press-fit bonding, the shaft 8 strikes the hole 4 of the plate member 6 which is the bonding member and the movement stops, but the pressure remains applied to the contact portion. At this time, although the pressing force by the upper electrode 10 as the press-fit bonding condition depends on the diameter of the shaft 8 (diameter of the hole 4 of the plate 6), for example, when the diameter (φ) is 12 mm, 500 ~ 600 kgf is required.

In this state, primary energization is started, and when electricity flows from the upper electrode 10 to the lower electrode 12, the portion with the smallest cross-sectional area in the current path, ie, the junction 18 with the largest electrical resistance, generates the most heat.
Then, by the start of pressurization and energization, the press-in proceeds and the cross-sectional area of the joint portion 18 increases accordingly. As the cross-sectional area increases, the electrical resistance of the joint 18 decreases and the calorific value also decreases.
At this point, a slight change (expansion) is observed in the upper part near the joint 18 of the shaft 8. This is due to the pressure applied from the upper electrode 10 to the shaft 8 and the heat generated in the peripheral portion of the shaft 8, and the diameter of the shaft 8 is expanded by about several μm.

In the state where press-in bonding is completed, secondary electrification is performed. In order to perform the heat treatment well by the secondary energization, the pressure applied during the secondary current is reduced from that during the primary current. For example, when the secondary current is applied, the pressure applied by the upper electrode 10 is equal to the current applied during the primary current. It will be about two thirds. If secondary energization is performed with the same pressure without this pressure reduction, displacement occurs around the joint portion 18 or crushing (expansion) of the shaft 8 occurs, and the shaft 8 becomes more than necessary. Pushed in.
However, when secondary pressure is excessively reduced, discharge and spark are generated at the contact portion between the electrode (particularly the lower electrode 12) and the plate member 6. This is because the adhesion between the back surface of the plate body 6 and the lower electrode 12 is weakened, so that the contact between the electrode and the plate body 6 becomes unstable (high electrical resistance), and the discharge phenomenon occurs. Is caused.

In short, pressurization by the upper electrode 10 at the time of secondary energization is not for (adding) to the joint portion 18 between the shaft body 8 and the plate body 6 but the contact portion between the plate body 6 and the lower electrode 12 To improve the degree of adhesion of
In addition, unlike the heat generation site in the press-fit bonding process, the heat generation site at the time of secondary energization is different from the concentration at the junction 18, and the shaft 8 is an upper portion at the junction 18 and the top of the junction 18. The part which protrudes downward from the electrode 10 and which is exposed generates heat.

In addition to the heat generation of the joint portion 18, it is effective to heat the exposed portion of the shaft body 8 in the vicinity of the joint portion 18 by the secondary energization. That is, the exposed portion is in the vicinity of the bonding portion 18 of the bonding portion 18 material, and the exposed portion 23 generates heat and is used as a heat storage area 24 for holding the heat, thereby the bonding after the secondary electrification is stopped. The cooling speed in the vicinity of the portion 18 can be made slow. For this reason, the presence or absence of the exposed portion of the shaft 8 influences the cooling rate, which also affects the effect of heat treatment (toughness, bonding strength, etc.).
Heretofore, the exposed portion 23 of the shaft body 8 has a defect phenomenon that a slight deformation occurs such that the outer diameter is squeezed out due to the crushing due to the pressure and the heat generation at the time of secondary energization. In addition, at the time of primary energization and particularly secondary energization, due to the softening of the joint portion 18 and the vicinity thereof due to heat generation, the shaft body may be pushed deeper and the press-fit depth may be increased beyond the specified.

For this reason, as a result of examining about the cause by which the outer diameter of the exposed part 23 of the axial body 8 swells, the present inventors came to mention the application force and the softening by heat_generation | fever of the axial body 8 as the cause.
On the other hand, means may be considered to lower the current value at the time of secondary electrification or to reduce the pressing force, but such means is not preferable for maintaining the quality of the product (joined product). . In particular, the significant pressure reduction of the pressure also causes discharge and spark between the plate body 6 and the lower electrode. Although there is also a method of providing a stepped portion on the shaft to function as a stopper in order to maintain the accuracy of the press-in depth, it leads to an increase in cost, which is not preferable.

Therefore, in view of the above matters, the present inventors have found a technique for releasing the pressing force to the plate body 6 or the like so that the pressing force by the electrode is not applied to the shaft 8.
In this technique, a collar member 16 is newly adopted and arranged so that the pressing force by the upper electrode 10 is applied to the lower electrode 12 through the plate member 6 through the collar member 16 when the press-in conduction (secondary conduction) is performed. The collar member 16 prevents the pressing force from being applied directly to the shaft 8 when the secondary energization is performed, and prevents the expansion of the outer diameter of the shaft 8 heated and softened by the energization.

As described above, the inventors devised to interpose the collar member 16 between the upper electrode 10 and the plate member 6 related to the bonding member. Although this interposition of the collar member 16 is possible even immediately before the start of the secondary energization, it is effective in the manufacturing process to provide the collar member 16 before or after the primary energization.
Then, during secondary energization, the pressing portion 20 provided at the lower end of the upper electrode 10 presses the plate body 6 via the collar member 16. As a result, the pressure applied by the upper electrode 10 through the shaft 8 is diverted from the pressing portion 20 of the upper electrode 10 to the plate 6 and the lower electrode 12 via the collar member 16.
For this reason, the pressure applied to the shaft 8 is theoretically zero, and the exposed portion 23 of the shaft 8 is not crushed, and the expansion of the outer diameter of the shaft 8 does not occur. Further, the pressure applied by the upper electrode 10 is directly transmitted to the plate body 6 and the lower electrode 12 through the collar member 16 to effectively press the contact portion between each other, in particular, the contact portion between the plate body 6 and the lower electrode 12.

Furthermore, by interposing the collar member 16, the corresponding portion of the shaft body 8 is exposed by the thickness of the collar member 16, but the current flow from the upper electrode 10 flows through the exposed portion 23 to generate electricity. Heating by resistance heat is performed.
By heating the exposed portion 23 of the shaft 8, this functions as the heat storage area 24, and the heat storage area in the vicinity of the joint portion 18 between the plate body 6 and the shaft 8 is expanded. The speed of the cooling (including the cooling of the heat storage area 24) of the joint 18 between the shaft 8 and the shaft 8 is relaxed, and the control of the speed is also possible.

By interposing the collar member 16, the heat storage area 24 (the thickness of the collar member 16) can be effectively secured. When the heat storage area 24 is small, the heat of the bonding portion 18 easily escapes to the upper electrode 10.
When cooling a heated steel material, the structure of the corresponding portion of the steel material transforms to martensite when it is rapidly cooled, but if the cooling rate at the time of secondary energization is relaxed and gradual cooling is performed, ferrite in the corresponding portion of the steel material A large amount of precipitation occurs, which secures toughness and the like and also increases strength.

Further, by the interposition of the collar member 16, the control of the press-in depth at the time of press-in bonding is accurately performed by the collar member 16. For this reason, at the time of heat treatment at the time of joining by primary energization and secondary electrification, the inconvenience that the depth of press-fit progresses unplanned is also prevented, and the accuracy of the press-fit depth is secured, which is preferable. In the prior art, control of the press-fit depth has been mainly performed according to product specifications such as control of joining conditions such as an energization time and current value of primary energization and pressing force, and providing steps on members.

  After the press-fit bonding by the primary energization is completed, under the condition that the pressing portion 20 of the upper electrode 10 contacts the collar member 16, the pressing force by the upper electrode 10 is applied to the plate body 6 and the lower electrode 12 through the collar member 16. Thereby, the pressure applied by the upper electrode 10 is switched from the pressure applied through the shaft 8 to the pressure (F) applied via the collar member 16, and the pressure applied is the upper electrode 10, the collar member 16, the plate member 6, and It is transmitted to the lower electrode 12. Therefore, at the time of secondary electrification after press-fitting, the pressure applied to the shaft 8 is theoretically zero, and crushing (expansion) of the exposed portion 23 (heat storage area 24) of the shaft 8 does not occur.

That is, at the time of press-fitting and joining by primary energization, the joint portion 18 between the plate body 6 and the shaft body 8 is heated and softened to press-fit the insertion portion 9 into the hole portion 4, and with the descent of the upper electrode 10, the upper electrode The insertion portion 9 of the shaft body 8 is pressed into the hole portion 4 until the pressure applied by the pressing portion 20 of 10 is applied to the lower electrode 12 through the collar member 16 and the plate body 6 Diffusion bonding is performed. In this state, the pressure applied to the shaft 8 by the upper electrode 10 is diverted to the collar member 16 or the like, and the shaft 8 is released from the pressure.
Then, after press-fitting and bonding, with the upper electrode 10 holding a predetermined pressing force, secondary electrification is performed between the plate body 6 and the shaft body 8, and the joint 18 of the both and the vicinity thereof (shaft 8 In the heat storage area 24), electrical resistance heat is generated and heated, then the secondary energization is stopped, and the junction 18 and the like are cooled (slowly cooled) to perform heat treatment.
After the secondary energization stop, remove the joint from the electrode at the optimal timing for the joint. Usually, this timing is within 5 seconds.

Here, based on the above-described press-fitting process, a test was conducted to verify the amount of change in diameter of the shaft 8 (collapse due to bulging) using a press-fitting apparatus, so the results will be described.
The test performed the test ("test (1)") which does not use "color member 16", and the test ("test (2)") which used "color member 16" for comparison.

The test conditions of test (1) and test (2) are as follows.
Plate thickness: 3.2 mm Hole diameter: 11.6 mm Material: SPHC + Carburized and hardened Shaft body Outer diameter: 12.0 mm Material: Carbon steel (S35C) Press-fit allowance 0.4 mm
Color member Thickness: 3 mm (However, only test (2) is used)
Primary energization Current value: 20 kA Energization time: 0.25 seconds Applied pressure: 500 kgf
Secondary energization current value: 15 kA, energization time: 0.17 seconds Applied pressure: 300 kgf
After the primary energization stop, wait for a while until the secondary energization start. In addition, the joined product is removed from the electrode after the secondary energization stop.

The test was performed seven times (n = 1 to 7) using seven sets of materials (plate body 6, shaft body 8), and the same test was performed to obtain an average value.
In Test (1), press-fit bonding by primary energization and secondary energization were performed together with pressurization.
In the test (2), the collar member 16 was disposed on the upper side portion of the plate body 6, and press-fitting and joining by primary energization and secondary energization were performed together with pressurization.

Result of examination (1)

In Table 1, “before bonding” refers to the diameter (diameter) of the shaft 8 before bonding, and “after bonding (without secondary energization)” refers to the diameter of the shaft 8 after bonding by primary energization, “secondary energization” “After” indicates the diameter of the shaft 8 after the heat treatment by secondary energization.
Here, the position at which the diameter of the shaft 8 was measured was a portion slightly above (0.5 mm to 1.0 mm above) from the root of the shaft 8 (after bonding). This measurement point is a position (a position where a conventional bulging was observed) at which the accuracy required for the product (joined product) is confirmed. The following table is similar.

From the results of Test (1) (Table 1), substantially the same results are obtained for any of the tests, but here, these average values are compared and examined. When viewed at an average value (n = 7), the amount of change (diameter after bonding-diameter before bonding) of the shaft body 8 after primary energization according to bonding is about 3 μm (11.955-11.952 mm).
Furthermore, the amount of change (diameter after secondary energization—diameter before bonding) after secondary energization for heat treatment is 170 μm (12.125 to 11.95 mm). Thus, after the secondary energization, the amount of change (the amount of bulging) in the vicinity of the root of the shaft 8 is large and the variation is also large.

Result of examination (2)

From the results of Test (2) (Table 2), substantially the same results are obtained for any of the tests, but their average values are compared and examined. When viewed at an average value (n = 7), the amount of change (diameter after bonding-diameter before bonding) of the shaft body 8 after primary electrification related to bonding is about 1 μm (11.954-11.953 mm), It is a value that can be said that there is almost no change. In addition, the effect of "color member 16" appears even when compared with the result of test (1) (the amount of change 3 μm). Furthermore, the amount of change after secondary electrification (diameter-junction after secondary electrification The diameter of the front is 1 μm (11.954-11.953 mm). This result is the same as the amount of change after the primary energization, and is a value that can be said to have no change in the amount of change due to the secondary energization.
From these results, it was confirmed that, by interposing the collar member 16 between the lower electrode 12 and the plate body 6, it is possible to reliably prevent the deformation (collapsing due to bulging) of the shaft 8 due to the secondary energization.

Here, since the test (3) was performed in the trial, the test conditions and the test results will be described.
The test conditions of the test (3) are all the same as those of the test (2) except that the pressure applied during secondary energization is 500 kgf (same as during primary energization). In the past, the pressure was lowered to prevent crushing and the like at the time of secondary energization, but here, secondary pressure is applied by applying the same pressing force as the pressure at primary energization, and the result is to be observed. did.

From the results of test (3), substantially the same results were obtained for any of the five tests performed. When viewed at an average value (n = 5), the average value of the diameter of the shaft 8 after secondary energization is φ = 11.955 mm, which is exactly the same result as the test (2). The amount of change of 8 (collapse due to bulging) is a value that can be said to be almost unchanged.
The only change observed is the burnt color (uneven color generated on the surface of the steel material due to heating) of the contact portion with the lower electrode 12 on the back surface of the plate body 6.
The back surface of the plate body 6 according to test (1) was discolored to burnt and it was observed that it was corroded by heat, but the back surface of plate 6 according to test (3) was burnt It can not be seen, and the surface is almost untouched by heat.

In the phenomenon of test (3), as a result of increasing the pressing force at the time of secondary energization similarly to at the time of primary energization, the degree of adhesion between the back surface of plate 6 and lower electrode 12 (upper surface) is improved. This is considered to be the result of a decrease in the area of abnormal heat generation. That is, the contact portion between the lower electrode 12 and the plate body 6 is a group of many points in contact in a microscopic manner, and heat is generated around the contact point when a large current flows in this state. On the other hand, the part which is not in contact causes a discharge phenomenon. Due to the abnormal heat generation of the discharge phenomenon, each surface of the back surface portion (and the surface portion of the lower electrode 12) of the plate body 6 is corroded to cause a lot of burnt color. In this case, the lower electrode 12 is also corroded to be worn and its life is reduced.

Further, in the test (2) using the collar member 16, the back surface portion of the plate body 6 is the same as the test (3) although the applied pressure at the time of secondary electrification is as low as 300 kgf compared to the test (3). Burnt color is not seen in etc.
This is because in the test (1), only the vicinity of the hole 4 of the plate body 6 is intensively pressed by the shaft body 8 held by the upper electrode 10 itself, so that some of the plate bodies warp around the periphery, This warpage interferes with the adhesion to the lower electrode 12, and as a result, a discharge or the like occurs, and a burnt color occurs on the back surface of the plate body 6 or the like.
On the other hand, in the test (2), the pressing force of the upper electrode 10 is directly applied to the collar member 16, and the plate member 6 is pressed by the entire collar member 16, that is, the wide surface. Therefore, the adhesion between the plate 6 and the lower electrode 12 is maintained, and therefore the burnt color does not occur on the back surface of the plate 6 or the like.

That is, the adoption of the collar member 16 makes it possible to increase the pressing force at the time of secondary energization, whereby abnormal heat generation at the contact portion between the plate member 6 and the lower electrode 12 is suppressed and there is no burnt color. As a result, the product quality of the joined product is improved, and the unexpected effect is obtained that the wear of the lower electrode 12 is prevented and the life is extended.
In addition, since the plate member 6 is pressed by the collar member 16 by the adoption of the collar member 16, the plate member 6 is not warped, and the contact portion between the plate member 6 and the lower electrode 12 is An abnormal heat generation such as a discharge was suppressed, and an effect of improving the product quality of the joined product was obtained.

From this point, the pressing force at the time of secondary energization may be the same as that at the time of primary energization, and the pressing force at the time of secondary energization is a pressure such that the back surface of plate 6 is not corroded between plate 6 and lower electrode. Is considered good if it is added. In addition, it is considered that the pressurizing force at the time of secondary energization may be a pressure corresponding in proportion to the magnitude of the energization current. Furthermore, the pressure applied at the time of secondary electrification is also related to the strength of the plate body itself of the joined product, and an appropriate pressure is desired.
From the above (including the test results), the pressing force at the time of secondary energization is set to 1/2 or more, preferably 2/3 or more, of the pressing force at the time of primary energization and at the same time or less Is preferred.

Carbon steel (low carbon steel and high carbon steel), carbon alloy steel, carbon steel for machine structure, alloy steel for machine structure, steel steel for general processing, as a material of members (metals) according to the above-described embodiment. , SUS (stainless steel), a combination of SUS and carbon steel, heat resistant steel, tool steel, spring steel, cast iron, free cutting steel, bearing steel, steel materials such as steel for pressure vessels, other metal materials, etc. are applied It is possible. Further, in this press-fit bonding, any combination of the above materials, such as steels of the same material, steels of different materials such as low carbon steel, low carbon steel and high carbon steel, high carbon steel, etc., is also possible.
In addition, similar effects can be expected for alloys of steel and other metals, light metals such as aluminum, and metal materials such as magnesium, nickel, and copper. For example, in aluminum, it is expected to prevent swelling such as crushing and to promote solid phase diffusion by secondary energization.

  In addition, the manufacturing method and manufacturing apparatus according to the above-described embodiment can be used for manufacturing element parts such as automobiles, motorcycles, industrial machines, etc. For example, control lever components of transmissions, shift lever components, sprockets, gears, etc. It is suitable for manufacture of products, such as parts of a form which joins a second member (shaft) to a first member (plate body), or parts of an engine.

  Therefore, according to the method and apparatus for manufacturing a product by press-fitting and joining according to this embodiment, it is possible to prevent crushing (expansion) of the shaft and to control the press-in depth of the shaft accurately. As the accuracy of joined products is enhanced, abnormal heat generation at the contact parts such as plate body is suppressed and the occurrence of burnt color is prevented, and the product quality is improved, and also the manufacturing method is simple and economical It has the effect of being excellent. In addition, the press-fit bonding by primary energization and the secondary energization accompanied by pressure force contribute to the improvement of the quality of the product as a joined product and the equalization of the quality, and the toughness and strength etc. are effectively ensured and the product is excellent. can get.

4 hole 6 first member (plate body)
8 Second member (shaft)
9 insertion portion 10 upper electrode 12 lower electrode 14 electrode piece 16 color member 20 pressing portion 36 covering portion

Claims (6)

A manufacturing method of a joined product in which a first member in which a hole is formed and a second member having an insertion portion are press-fit and joined,
The first member and the second member are both members made of metal,
A press-fit allowance is provided at the insertion portion of the second member with respect to the hole of the first member,
The first member is disposed on the upper surface of the lower electrode, and the second member is held by the upper electrode, and the lower portion of the second member is made to project downward from the pressing portion of the lower portion of the upper electrode.
An insulating or base material having a ring shape or a plurality of divided pieces combined in a ring shape having an insertion hole at the center between the pressing portion of the upper electrode and the upper portion of the first member Provide a collar with an insulating coating on the
The insertion portion of the second member inserted into the insertion hole is aligned with the hole of the first member, and together with the pressure applied by the upper electrode, primary energization is performed between the two members to join the two members. Heating and softening the part, and pressing the insertion part into the hole of the first member;
The second member of the second member is pressed until the pressing force applied by the pressing portion of the upper electrode is applied to the lower electrode through the collar member and the first member as the upper electrode is lowered. Insert the inserted part into the hole and press-fit by solid phase diffusion,
After the primary energization is stopped, secondary energization is performed between the two members in a state accompanied by pressure by the upper electrode, and the junction between the two members and the vicinity thereof are heated and then the secondary energization is stopped. A method of manufacturing a bonded product, comprising performing heat treatment by next energization.   In place of the collar member, a coating portion coated with an insulating coating is provided below the pressing portion of the upper electrode, and a pressing force applied by the pressing portion of the upper electrode is through the coating portion and the first member. 2. A method of manufacturing a joined product according to claim 1, wherein the material is added to the lower electrode.   The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first member and the second member are both made of steel.   The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the side surface portion of the second member is mechanically held by an upper electrode having a plurality of electrode pieces.   When the collar member is formed in a ring shape, and the collar member is attached to the pressing portion of each electrode piece of the upper electrode, screw holes are provided at a plurality of locations of the collar member, and a screw having a diameter smaller than the screw hole A method of manufacturing a joined product according to claim 4, characterized in that it is used and screwed with play between them.   The pressing force at the time of the secondary energization is set to 1/2 or more, preferably 2/3 or more, of the pressing force at the primary energization and less than the pressing force at the primary energization. The manufacturing method of the joined article in any one of claim 5.

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