JP6496568B2 - Building - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a building such as a civil engineering structure (for example, a bridge) or a building (for example, a house or a building) to which measures against shaking such as an earthquake are applied.

  Various techniques have been proposed for suppressing the collapse (collapse) of buildings when an earthquake or the like occurs. For example, in a wooden building, a technique is known in which a brace is diagonally provided between columns (for example, Patent Document 1). In addition, for example, in a wooden building, a technique for fixing a metal fitting that strengthens the connection to a connection portion between a column and a girder (beam) is known (for example, Patent Document 2).

  Some bridges have an upper structure (such as a bridge girder) supported by a lower structure (such as a pier or an abutment) by a sliding support in order to suppress damage due to thermal expansion or the like. In such a bridge, the upper structure may fall from the lower structure. Therefore, a flexible member (such as a chain) having both ends connected to the upper structure and the lower structure may be provided in the vicinity of the support (for example, Patent Document 3).

JP 2010-255334 A JP 2008-138493 A JP 2012-012867 A

  Design methods or design standards (for earthquake resistance) to prevent the collapse of buildings due to earthquakes have been reviewed and improved every time a large-scale earthquake or earthquake damage has occurred. However, on the other hand, the technology of the design concept that prevents the collapse of the building due to the earthquake is vulnerable to unexpected events (uncertainty) such as a large-scale earthquake that has not occurred in the past. Therefore, it is desirable to provide a building in which measures against uncertainties are taken.

  A building according to an aspect of the present invention includes a building main body including two parts that are connected so as not to be relatively movable in a predetermined horizontal direction, and one side and the other side of the building main body in the horizontal direction. A first stopper that restricts the movement of the two parts associated with the deformation only for the deformation inclined to the one side among the deformations inclined.

  Preferably, the first stopper includes a flexible member having both ends connected to the two portions that are separated from each other with the deformation inclined to the one side and are close to each other with the deformation inclined to the other side. Including.

  Preferably, the flexible member is in a relaxed state.

  Preferably, the building main body is spanned between two standing members standing apart from each other in the horizontal direction, and the two standing members. A supported member that is non-movable in the horizontal direction, and the flexible member has one end connected to the supported member and the other end connected to one of the two standing members. It is connected.

  Preferably, the flexible member extends downward from the one end and to the other side in the horizontal direction and reaches the other end.

  Preferably, the first stopper is located between the two portions that are close to each other with the deformation inclined to the one side and separated from each other with the deformation inclined to the other side. It includes a rigid member that can be separated from the other.

  Preferably, the rigid member is opposed to the other part via a gap.

  Preferably, the building main body is spanned between two standing members standing apart from each other in the horizontal direction, and the two standing members. A rigid member that is connected to the supported member so as to be immovable in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction. It faces one of them, or is connected to one of the two standing members so as not to move in the horizontal and vertical directions and faces the supported member.

  Preferably, the rigid member is connected to the supported member so as not to move in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, is positioned below the supported member, and is one of the two standing members. Is located on the other side in the horizontal direction and faces the one of the two standing members.

  Preferably, when only the deformation inclined to the other side among the deformation inclined to the one side and the other side is restricted, the movement of the two parts in the building body accompanying the deformation is restricted and the restriction is started. The structure further includes a second stopper having a larger deformation amount than the first stopper.

  Preferably, as a whole building including the building body and the first stopper, the strength against the deformation inclined to the one side is higher than the strength against the deformation inclined to the other side.

  According to said structure, directivity can be given to the direction of collapse of a building. As a result, for example, even if a building collapses due to an unexpected earthquake, further damage due to the collapse can be reduced.

FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B are schematic front views for explaining a design concept and significance common to a plurality of embodiments of the present invention. Fig.2 (a) and FIG.2 (b) are typical front views which show the principal part of the building based on 1st Embodiment of this invention. FIG. 3A to FIG. 3C are schematic front views showing the first stopper of the first embodiment and its periphery in an enlarged manner. The typical front view which shows the principal part of the building which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention. Fig.5 (a) and FIG.5 (b) are typical front views which show the principal part of the building based on 3rd Embodiment of this invention. FIG. 6A to FIG. 6C are schematic front views showing the first stopper of the third embodiment and the periphery thereof in an enlarged manner. The typical front view which shows the principal part of the building which concerns on 4th Embodiment of this invention. FIGS. 8A to 8F are front views schematically showing main portions of buildings according to fifth to eighth embodiments of the present invention and first and second modified examples.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In the second and subsequent embodiments, the same or similar configurations as those of the already described embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals as those of the already described embodiment, and the description thereof is omitted. Sometimes. Further, in the second and subsequent embodiments, even if the reference numerals different from the reference numerals assigned to the configurations of the already described embodiments are given to the configurations corresponding to (similar to) the configurations of the already described embodiments, there is no particular notice. Is the same as the configuration of the embodiment already described.

  The drawings used to describe the embodiments are basically only front views, and the right side, left side, and left-right direction of the paper may be simply referred to as right side, left side, and left-right direction.

<Design concept and significance of embodiment>
Fig.1 (a) and FIG.1 (b) are typical front views for demonstrating the design concept and significance common to several embodiment mentioned later.

  First, the embodiment of the present invention is premised on the collapse (collapse) of a building. That is, the main part of the building according to the embodiment of the present invention is not for preventing the collapse of the building, and when the collapse of the building occurs, the damage is reduced and / or the restoration is accelerated. Is for. Conventional earthquake engineering has not taken earthquake countermeasures based on such a collapse.

  The building 1 or 3 shown in FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B (hereinafter, only 1 may be referred to) is, for example, a civil engineering structure or a building. The civil engineering structure is, for example, a bridge on the ground for a railway or a highway. The building is, for example, a general house or a building. On the left side of such a building 1, for example, a road 5 or a building (not shown) smaller than the building 1 is adjacent, and there is a high probability that a person 7 exists on the road 5 or the like. Assume. Further, it is assumed that such a building is not adjacent to the right side of the building 1 and the probability that a person exists is low.

  In such a situation, as indicated by an arrow y1 and an imaginary line (two-dot chain line), it is desirable that the building 1 collapses on the right side rather than collapses on the left side. That way, for example, there is less human damage around. Further, for example, a road or space for restoring the building 1 can be secured by the road 5 after collapse. Further, for example, when the road 5 is set as an emergency transport road for performing emergency transport to the affected area, blockage of the emergency transport road is avoided.

  Therefore, the building according to the embodiment of the present invention is configured to have directivity for the collapse. Below, the specific structure is described. The direction to be collapsed may be any direction, but for the sake of simplicity, the direction is set to the right side in the left-right direction of the drawing in all the following embodiments.

<First Embodiment>
Fig.2 (a) and FIG.2 (b) are typical front views which show the principal part of the building 11 which concerns on 1st Embodiment. FIG. 2A shows a state in which no earthquake occurs, and FIG. 2B shows a state in which the building 11 is tilted in the direction to be collapsed.

  The building 11 includes a building body 13 and one or more first stoppers 15 (one-way guiders) for controlling the direction of collapse of the building body 13.

  The building body 13 corresponds to the building 1 or 3 described with reference to FIG. The building body 13 includes, for example, two standing members 17 that are erected apart from each other in the left-right direction, and a supported member 19 that is spanned between the two standing members 17. In addition to the above, the building body 13 may include a member such as a brace that is inclined to the two standing members 17.

  The standing member 17 is, for example, a column or a wall facing in the left-right direction. The supported member 19 is, for example, a girder, a beam, or a plate member. The material of the standing member 17 and the supported member 19 may be any material having rigidity (not flexible), for example, wood, stone, metal, or a combination thereof. The standing member 17 and the supported member 19 may be members that are visible from the outside (or inside) of the building body 13, or may be surrounded by other members or embedded in other members (materials). For example, a member that cannot be visually recognized may be used.

  The standing member 17 is erected on the foundation 9, for example. The foundation 9 may be regarded as a part of the building 11. Another member (for example, a base) may be interposed between the foundation 9 and the standing member 17.

  The foundation 9 and the two standing members 17 are connected, and the two standing members 17 and the supported member 19 are connected. The connection only needs to constrain movement (parallel movement). For example, the connection may be a so-called rigid joint in which both movement and rotation are firmly restricted, or a pin joint in which movement is restricted but rotation is allowed (relatively). However, in the case of including pin joints, it is necessary that the rotation around the connecting portion (slide) as the entire building body 13 be regulated.

  The above connection may be made by various known methods, for example, by nails, bolts (and nuts), mortises and mortises, attachments, adhesion, welding, embedding, or a combination thereof. In the figure, the supported member 19 is placed on the standing member 17. However, the end surface of the supported member 19 may abut against the side surface of the standing member 17.

  The first stopper 15 is, for example, a substantially long member, and is provided on each of the two standing members 17. The first stopper 15 may be provided on only one of the two standing members 17. The first stopper 15 is located in the direction (left side) where the building body 13 should not collapse with respect to the standing member 17 in the vicinity of the connecting portion between the standing member 17 and the supported member 19.

  In addition, like the standing member 17 and the supported member 19, the first stopper 15 may be provided so as to be visible from the outside (or inside) of the building body 13, or is surrounded by other members. It may be provided so as not to be visible.

  FIGS. 3A to 3C are schematic front views showing the first stopper 15 and its periphery in an enlarged manner. FIG. 3A shows a state before the earthquake, FIG. 3B shows a state where the building 11 is tilted in a direction that should not be collapsed, and FIG. 3C shows a direction that should be collapsed. The state where the building 11 is tilted is shown.

  The first stopper 15 includes a flexible member 21. The flexible member 21 is, for example, a rope or a chain. The rope may be made of metal (so-called wire) or may be made of fiber. In addition, the flexible member 21 may be a planar member (for example, a mesh member or a sheet member) that extends in the through-plane direction.

  The flexible member 21 has one end connected to the supported member 19 and the other end connected to the standing member 17. Further, the flexible member 21 extends downward from the supported member 19 and in the direction to be collapsed (right side). Note that the flexible member 21 does not need to be parallel to the direction (left-right direction) in which collapse is controlled in plan view, and may be inclined at a certain angle (for example, less than 45 °).

  Connection of both ends of the flexible member 21 may be made by an appropriate method. In the illustrated example, as shown in FIG. 3A, a fixed block 23 fixed to the supported member 19 or the standing member 17 and a fixed block 23 can be attached to both ends of the flexible member 21, respectively. The case where the shaft support mechanism 25 which connects the edge part of the flexible member 21 so that relative rotation is possible around the axis | shaft of a paper surface penetration direction (horizontal direction orthogonal to the direction where collapse is controlled) is illustrated. Yes. In addition, as can be understood from this connection example and the point that the first stopper 15 is the main member of the first stopper 15, the connection of the first stopper 15 (flexible member 21) to the building body 13. If the movement is restricted, rotation may be allowed.

  Note that, as described in the background art section, in the bridge, a fall prevention member including a chain or the like is used to prevent the superstructure from falling. This fall prevention member may be used as the first stopper 15.

  Both ends of the flexible member 21 are connected to the building body 13 so as to be loose, for example. Therefore, the flexible member 21 does not have a disturbance such as wind, and does not generate a tension higher than its own weight in a state where no shaking such as an earthquake occurs. Although paradoxically, in the present embodiment, the state where there is a looseness is a state where only a tension equal to or less than its own weight is generated in a state where there is no disturbance or the like, and the looseness (curvature with respect to a straight line) cannot be clearly observed. (Of course, if you can see it, it is clear that there is looseness.)

  As shown in FIG. 2A, in the normal state (before the earthquake), the foundation 9, the two standing members 17 and the supported member 19 form a rectangle. And as shown in FIG.2 (b), when the force of a horizontal direction is applied by an earthquake, the building main body 13 will incline, deform | transforming so that a rectangle may become a parallelogram. Specifically, the two standing members 17 are inclined in the direction of the force by substantially the same amount, and the supported member 19 is moved in the direction of the force and downward, but the inclination is the standing member. It does not occur much compared to 17.

  As shown in FIG. 3B, when the building body 13 is tilted while being deformed in a direction that should not be collapsed, the connection position between the first stopper 15 and the supported member 19, and the first stopper 15 and the standing body 15 are erected. The connection position with the member 17 is separated. At this time, when the first stopper 15 generates tension, the separation of the two connection positions is restricted, and the collapse of the building body 13 in the direction that should not be collapsed is suppressed.

  On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 3 (c), when the building body 13 tilts while being deformed in the direction to be collapsed, the connection position of the first stopper 15 and the supported member 19 is opposite to the above, The connection position between the first stopper 15 and the standing member 17 is close. At this time, the first stopper 15 only bends and does not regulate the proximity of the two connection positions. As a result, the building main body 13 is easier to collapse in the direction in which it should collapse than in the direction in which it should not collapse.

  2 and 3, in order to facilitate understanding of the above action, the deformation of the building body 13 is illustrated as if the connecting portion between the members is a smooth joint. However, even if the connecting portion is a rigid joint, the same action as described above can occur due to bending deformation of the member and / or rotation even in reality, even though it is a rigid joint.

  In addition, unlike the present embodiment, it is assumed that the supported member 19 is movable with respect to one or two of the standing members 17 in the left-right direction (the connecting portion is a sliding fulcrum). In this case, even if the standing member 17 is inclined in the direction (left side) that should not be collapsed, the supported member 19 is attracted by the tension of the first stopper 15, and the supported member 19 is on the right side with respect to the standing member 17. Therefore, the collapse of the building body 13 proceeds. Therefore, for example, the bridge having the chain for preventing the fall of the superstructure described in the background art section does not cause the above-described action in the building 11 of the present embodiment.

  The connection positions at both ends of the first stopper 15 may be set as appropriate. For example, from the viewpoint of reducing the arrangement range of the first stopper 15, the connection positions at both ends are preferably close to the connecting portion between the supported member 19 and the standing member 17. On the other hand, for example, from the viewpoint of increasing the moment for restricting the deformation of the building body 13 with respect to the tension, the connection positions at both ends may be separated from the connecting portion between the supported member 19 and the standing member 17. preferable. Therefore, it may be set appropriately according to the situation.

  The strength of the first stopper 15 (for example, it may be determined by the force leading to breakage) is appropriately set with respect to the strength of the building body 13 so as to affect the directivity of collapse of the building body 13. Good. However, the first stopper 15 is not intended to completely prevent the collapse of the building body 13 as in the earthquake-resistant design, and is only required to realize a relative difficulty in collapsing in the left-right direction. It does not have to be as strong as a reinforcing member (for example, a brace) (may have this strength). For example, although the first stopper 15 depends on the number of the first stoppers 15, the strength of the first stopper 15 can affect the directionality of collapse if it is strong enough to be brazed, and may be less than the strength of bracing.

  The amount of looseness defines the amount of deformation of the building body 13 when the restriction of deformation by the first stopper 15 is started. That is, if the amount of looseness is large, the amount of deformation when regulation is started increases. The amount of looseness may be set appropriately. However, the maximum value of the amount of looseness is a value that can affect the directionality of collapse. For example, when the deformation amount (amplitude) of the building body 13 increases to a certain extent, it is difficult for the building body 13 that has been deformed in a direction that should not be collapsed to return to the opposite direction. Therefore, the amount of looseness is set based on the strength of the building body 13 so that the regulation is started before reaching such a deformation amount.

  The probability of collapse to the right side and the probability of collapse to the left side are equal, for example, because the building body 13 has a generally bilaterally symmetric structure. Therefore, the entire building 11 including the building main body 13 and the first stopper 15 is more easily collapsed in the direction in which it should collapse than in the direction in which it should not collapse.

  Moreover, it may become easy to collapse to the other side rather than one side in the left-right direction only by the structure of the building body 13. In such a case, the first stopper 15 may be provided to increase the directivity in the building body 13 in which the side that is easy to collapse coincides with the side that should be collapsed, and the side that is easy to collapse should not collapse. In the building main body 13 which corresponds to the side, it may be provided in order to reduce the collapse to the side that is easy to collapse. In the latter, it is preferable that the entire building 11 including the building body 13 and the first stopper 15 is more easily collapsed to the side to be collapsed than the side to be collapsed, but is collapsed by the first stopper 15. The probability of collapse to the side that should not have been reduced only.

  The directionality of collapse as a whole of the building 11 (relative comparison between the left and right of strength against tilting deformation) can be made, for example, from simulation calculation or analogy based on experiments. However, if the building main body 13 has a substantially bilaterally symmetric structure, it can be determined from the collapse directivity imparted by the first stopper 15 without performing calculations or experiments.

  As described above, in the present embodiment, the building 11 includes the building body 13 and the first stopper 15. The first stopper 15 is directed to one side (left side, a direction that should not be collapsed) of deformations (deformations leading to collapse) of the building body 13 that are inclined to one side and the other side in a predetermined horizontal direction (left and right direction on the paper surface). Only for the tilting deformation, the movement (separation in this embodiment) between the two parts (the end of the supported member 19 and the upper part of the standing member 17 in the present embodiment) in the building body 13 accompanying the deformation is restricted. To do. The two parts to be regulated are parts (members) connected so as not to move in the left-right direction.

  Therefore, as described with reference to FIG. 3, it is possible to give directivity to the collapse of the building 11. Thereby, as described with reference to FIG. 1, damage can be suppressed and / or early recovery can be achieved against uncertainties such as an earthquake of an unexpected scale. From another viewpoint, the first stopper 15 does not suppress the collapse of the building body 13 itself, unlike a reinforcing member (for example, a brace) for earthquake resistance. Therefore, when an unexpected earthquake occurs. It is not necessary to have a strength that does not break, and it is sufficient that the building body 13 has a strength that affects whether the building body 13 is easily collapsed in the left-right direction. As a result, for example, even if an earthquake of an unexpected magnitude has occurred, the necessity to review the strength and number of the first stoppers 15 is extremely low.

  Further, in the present embodiment, the first stopper 15 is separated from each other with the deformation inclined to the left side (the direction that should not be collapsed) in the building main body 13 and close to each other with the deformation inclined to the right side. A flexible member 21 having both ends connected to the supported member 19 and the standing member 17 is included.

  Accordingly, the collapse directivity can be realized with a simple structure in which both ends of the flexible member 21 are connected to the building body 13. As a result, for example, the cost can be reduced, and attachment to the existing building body 13 is easy. In addition, for example, even if the building body 13 swings not only in the left-right direction but also in the paper penetration direction and the paper vertical direction, the possibility of damage is low because of its flexibility, and the directionality of collapse in the left-right direction is low. The function to be granted can be maintained. Further, for example, the position and area where the first stopper 15 exerts a force on the standing member 17 is defined by the connecting member (fixed block 23), and is easily set to a constant and wide range, which is compared with a third embodiment described later. Thus, the influence of the first stopper 15 on the damage of the standing member 17 can be easily predicted.

  In the present embodiment, the flexible member 21 is in a loose state.

  Therefore, for example, the first stopper 15 hardly affects the strength of the building body 13 in a state where no earthquake occurs. Further, for example, in an earthquake that does not lead to collapse, the possibility that damage different from damage (bending fracture, shear fracture) assumed in the earthquake-resistant design is reduced. As a result, for example, the design of the building body 13 itself may be the same as the conventional design, and there is little risk of confusion or complication in the conventional design for earthquake resistance. For example, even if the 1st stopper 15 is attached with respect to the existing building main body 13, the possibility that the earthquake resistance will change is low. Further, since the first stopper 15 itself is not applied with tension (except for light weight or light due to wind, etc.) before an earthquake or in a small-scale earthquake, there is a low risk of breakage before a large-scale earthquake. Reliability is maintained over the entire range.

  In the present embodiment, the building body 13 is bridged between two standing members 17 and two standing members 17 standing apart from each other in the left-right direction. And a supported member 19 that is connected so as not to move in the left-right direction. The flexible member 21 has one end connected to the supported member 19 and the other end connected to one of the two standing members 17.

  Therefore, for example, the first stopper 15 can be downsized as compared with the case where the first stopper 15 is provided between the standing members 17 (see FIG. 8B described later). For example, compared with the case where the 1st stopper 15 is provided between the lower part of the standing member 17 and the foundation 9 (refer FIG.8 (c) mentioned later), the 1st stopper 15 is provided in the lower part of the building main body 13. FIG. No space for is needed. Further, for example, deformation can be suppressed at the upper portion of the standing member 17 in which an inclination due to an earthquake tends to be large.

  Further, in the present embodiment, the flexible member 21 extends downward from one end connected to the supported member 19 and to the right side in the left-right direction (direction to collapse), and is connected to the standing member 17. To the other end.

  Therefore, for example, as compared with the case where the flexible member 21 is hung from the standing member 17 to the supported member 19 (see FIG. 8D described later), the standing member 17 is moved above the supported member 19. It does not need to protrude, and can be applied to many types of buildings. That is, the versatility is high.

Second Embodiment
FIG. 4 is a schematic front view showing a main part of the building 31 according to the second embodiment.

  The building 31 is different from the building 11 only in that it has a second stopper 16 in addition to the building 11 of the first embodiment. Specifically, it is as follows.

  The structure of the second stopper 16 is the same as the structure of the first stopper 15 shown in FIG. 3, for example. That is, the second stopper 16 includes, for example, the flexible member 21, the fixing block 23, and the shaft support mechanism 25 shown in FIG. The second stopper 16 has one end connected to the supported member 19 and the other end connected to the standing member 17 in the same manner as the first stopper 15 shown in FIG. Further, it extends from the supported member 19 downward and in the left-right direction to the standing member 17. Therefore, like the first stopper 15, the second stopper 16 can regulate the separation between the supported member 19 and the standing member 17 due to the inclination of the building body 13.

  However, the second stopper 16 is provided on the opposite side to the first stopper 15 in the left-right direction (the direction in which collapse is controlled). That is, it extends from the supported member 19 to the left in the left-right direction (the direction in which it should not collapse) and reaches the standing member 17. Therefore, contrary to the first stopper 15, the second stopper 16 regulates the deformation of the building body 13 in the direction to be collapsed.

  The second stopper 16 is, for example, such that the connection positions at both ends are symmetrical with the connection positions at both ends of the first stopper 15 with respect to the standing member 17, and the amount of looseness is less than that of the first stopper 15. Has also been enlarged. Therefore, the amount of deformation of the building body 13 when the second stopper 16 starts regulating the separation between the supported member 19 and the standing member 17 (begins to exert a tension exceeding its own weight) is the first stopper 15. Bigger than.

  Note that the amount of looseness may be determined, for example, by the difference between the distance between the connection positions (linear distance) and the length of the stopper. Moreover, the deformation amount of the building body 13 may be determined by, for example, an inclination angle (an inclination angle with respect to the vertical direction) of the standing member 17 with respect to a state before the earthquake.

  As described above, in the present embodiment, the building 31 has the second stopper 16, and the second stopper 16 is deformed only for the deformation inclined to the left side (the direction to be collapsed) out of the deformation inclined to the left-right direction. The body of the building when the movement (separation in this embodiment) between the two parts (the supported member 19 and the standing member 17) in the accompanying building body 13 is regulated and the regulation is started more than the first stopper 15 13 deformation is large.

  Therefore, the 1st stopper 15 and the 2nd stopper 16 provide the directivity of collapse, suppressing collapse in the horizontal direction. That is, these members contribute to the effect of a concept different from earthquake resistance while contributing to earthquake resistance. As a result, it is possible to prepare for an earthquake in a small and efficient manner as a whole.

<Third Embodiment>
FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B are schematic front views (views corresponding to FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B) showing the main part of the building 41 according to the third embodiment. is there.

  The first stopper 15 of the first embodiment regulates separation between members. In contrast, the first stopper 45 of the present embodiment regulates the proximity between members. Specifically, it is as follows.

  The first stopper 45 is, for example, a block-like rigid member provided in the vicinity of the joint between the standing member 17 and the supported member 19. In addition, it is the same as that of 1st Embodiment that the 1st stopper 45 may be provided in only one of each of the two standing members 17, or each.

  For example, the first stopper 45 is fixed to the supported member 19 below the supported member 19. That is, the movement (parallel movement) and rotation of the first stopper 45 are restricted with respect to the supported member 19. Fixing may be performed by various known methods. For example, it may be done by nails, bolts and nuts, bonding, welding, or a combination thereof. As will be understood from the operation described later, the first stopper 45 only needs to be restricted from moving with respect to the supported member 19 and may be rotatable.

  The first stopper 45 is positioned in the direction (right side) to be collapsed with respect to the standing member 17 and faces the standing member 17 in the left-right direction. However, the first stopper 45 is not fixed to the standing member 17. That is, the first stopper 45 can be separated without receiving a resistance force from the standing member 17. More specifically, for example, the first stopper 45 is opposed to the standing member 17 via a gap 47 (FIG. 5A).

  The shape of the first stopper 45 may be set as appropriate. For example, as described above, the shape of the first stopper 45 is a block shape (block shape), and more specifically, for example, a cube or a rectangular parallelepiped having a plane facing the supported member 19 and the standing member 17. Alternatively, it is a triangular prism, or a vertical or horizontal cylindrical shape. In FIG. 5, a rectangular parallelepiped first stopper 45 is shown, and in FIG. 6 described later, a triangular prism first stopper 45 is shown. With such a block shape, deformation of the first stopper 45 is suppressed when a compressive force is applied to the first stopper 45 as will be described later.

  The material of the first stopper 45 may also be set as appropriate. In the description of the embodiment, the term “rigidity (rigid member)” is used as a synonym for the flexibility (flexible member) of the first stopper 15, and the meaning thereof may be widely interpreted. Specifically, as will be understood from the description of the subsequent action, the rigid member only needs to exhibit a compressive force. For example, the rigid member is not limited to a rigid member in a narrow sense made of wood, stone, metal, or a combination thereof, but is an elastic material (for example, hard or soft rubber) or a viscoelastic material (for example, a specific type of rubber or resin). ) Or a combination of a member made of these materials and a rigid member in a narrow sense.

  FIG. 6A to FIG. 6C are schematic front views (diagrams corresponding to FIG. 3A to FIG. 3C) showing the first stopper 45 and its periphery in an enlarged manner.

  As described in the first embodiment and as shown in FIG. 5B, when a horizontal force is applied to the building body 13, the building body 13 has a foundation 9 and two standing members. The rectangle formed by 17 and the supported member 19 is tilted while being deformed so as to become a parallelogram.

  As shown in FIG. 6B, when the building body 13 tilts while deforming in a direction that should not be collapsed, the standing member 17 and the supported member 19 are close to each other. At this time, the first stopper 45 contacts the standing member 17. That is, the first stopper 45 is sandwiched between the supported member 19 and the standing member 17. Thereby, the proximity of the standing member 17 and the supported member 19 is restricted, and as a result, the collapse of the building body 13 in the direction that should not be collapsed is suppressed.

  On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 6C, when the building body 13 is tilted while being deformed in the direction to be collapsed, the standing member 17 and the supported member 19 are separated from each other, contrary to the above. At this time, since the first stopper 45 is not fixed to the standing member 17, the first stopper 45 only moves away from the standing member 17, and does not restrict the separation between the standing member 17 and the supported member 19. As a result, the building main body 13 is easier to collapse in the direction in which it should collapse than in the direction in which it should not collapse.

  In the same way as in the first embodiment, unlike the illustrated example, even if the connecting portions such as the supported member 19 and the standing member 17 are rigid joints, the same action as described above can occur.

  The size of the first stopper 45 may be set as appropriate. For example, from the viewpoint of downsizing the building 41, the first stopper 45 is preferably small. On the other hand, from the viewpoint of reducing the compressive force applied to the first stopper 45, the supported member 19, and the standing member 17, or the position where the compressive force acts is separated from the connecting portion between the supported member 19 and the standing member 17. From the viewpoint of increasing the moment, the first stopper 45 is preferably enlarged.

  The strength of the first stopper 45 (for example, it may be determined by the force leading to crushing) may be appropriately set as in the first embodiment. For example, the strength may withstand a compressive force equivalent to the axial force applied to the braces. However, as in the first embodiment, the first stopper 45 does not need to be as strong as the braces, although it depends on the number of the first stoppers 45 and the like.

  The size of the gap 47 (for example, the distance in the left-right direction or the angle around the connecting portion) defines the amount of deformation of the building body 13 when the restriction by the first stopper 45 is started. That is, if the gap 47 is large, the amount of deformation when the regulation is started increases. Similarly to the amount of looseness, the size of the clearance 47 corresponds to the amount of deformation within the range that can affect the directivity of collapse (the building body 13 tilted in the direction that should not be collapsed can return to the direction that should collapse). The size may be set as appropriate.

  As described above, in this embodiment, as in the first embodiment, the building 41 is deformed so as to be inclined (collapsed) toward the one side and the other side of the building body 13 in the predetermined horizontal direction (left and right direction on the paper surface). Only the deformation inclined to one side (the left side, the direction that should not be collapsed) of the deformation), the two parts in the building main body 13 accompanying the deformation (in this embodiment, the end of the supported member 19 and the standing member) 17) and a first stopper 45 that restricts movement (proximity in the present embodiment) between each other.

  Therefore, the same effect as the first embodiment is achieved. That is, directivity can be given to the collapse of the building 11. As a result, for example, damage can be suppressed and / or early recovery can be achieved against uncertainty. In addition, for example, the probability that the strength and number of the first stoppers 45 need to be reviewed due to the occurrence of an unexpected earthquake is extremely low.

  Moreover, in this embodiment, the 1st stopper 45 accompanies the deformation | transformation which inclines toward the right side (direction which should collapse) with the deformation | transformation which inclines to the left side (direction which should not collapse) in the building main body 13 with the deformation | transformation which inclines to the right side (direction which should collapse). It includes a rigid member that is located between two parts (the standing member 17 and the supported member 19) that are separated from each other and that can be separated from one of the two parts (the standing member 17).

  Therefore, the collapse directivity can be realized with a simple structure in which only the rigid member is fixed. As a result, for example, the cost can be reduced, and attachment to the existing building body 13 is easy. Further, for example, when the first stopper 15 of the first embodiment is broken, the function of regulating the separation between the members is completely lost. However, even if the first stopper 45 is damaged, the first stopper 15 is separated between the members (in this embodiment, As long as it is sandwiched between the supported member 19 and the standing member 17), the proximity between the members can be restricted. As described above, the first embodiment can easily make the position and area where the first stopper 15 exerts a force on the standing member 17 to be constant and wide as compared with the present embodiment, for example.

  Moreover, in this embodiment, the 1st stopper 45 (rigid member) has opposed the other site | part (standing member 17) through the gap.

  Therefore, the same effect as that obtained by the looseness of the first stopper 15 of the first embodiment is exhibited. For example, the influence on the damage assumed in the seismic design is reduced, and the possibility of causing confusion or complication in the seismic design is low, and even if the first stopper 45 is attached to the existing building body 13, The risk of changing its seismic resistance is low. Furthermore, the first stopper 45 itself is less likely to be damaged by a small earthquake before a large earthquake, and the reliability is maintained over a long period of time. If the rigid member is in contact with the building body 13, the contact position tends to be a starting point for damage to the building body 13, but such a risk is also reduced.

  In the present embodiment, the building body 13 is bridged between two standing members 17 and two standing members 17 standing apart from each other in the left-right direction. And a supported member 19 that is connected so as not to move in the left-right direction. The first stopper 45 (rigid member) is connected to the supported member 19 so as not to move in the left-right direction and the vertical direction, and faces one of the two standing members 17 or the two standing members 17. One of them is connected so as not to be movable in the left-right direction and the vertical direction, and faces the supported member 19 (the former in this embodiment).

  Therefore, for example, the first stopper 45 can be reduced in size compared to the case where the first stopper 45 is provided between the standing members 17 (not shown). Further, for example, as compared with the case where the first stopper 45 is provided between the lower portion of the standing member 17 and the foundation 9 (not shown), a space for the first stopper 45 is not required in the lower portion of the building body 13. It is. Further, for example, deformation can be suppressed at the upper portion of the standing member 17 in which an inclination due to an earthquake tends to be large.

  In the present embodiment, the first stopper 45 (rigid member) is connected to the supported member 19 so as not to move in the left-right direction and the vertical direction, and is positioned below the supported member 19 and has two standing members. It is located on the right side in the left-right direction (the direction to be collapsed) with respect to one of 17 and faces the standing member 17.

  Therefore, for example, as compared with the case where the first stopper 45 is positioned above the supported member 19 (not shown), it is not necessary to project the standing member 17 above the supported member 19, and many types of Applicable to buildings. That is, the versatility is high.

<Fourth embodiment>
FIG. 7 is a schematic front view showing a main part of a building 51 according to the fourth embodiment.

  The second embodiment (FIG. 4) is similar to the first embodiment in the structure of the first stopper 15 and is provided with a second stopper 16 that is looser than the first stopper 15. there were. Similarly, the present embodiment is similar to the third embodiment in that the second stopper 46 having a larger clearance 47 than the first stopper 45 is provided in the third embodiment. . Specifically, it is as follows.

  The building 41 includes a second stopper 46 in addition to the first stopper 45, and the second stopper 46 is only subjected to deformation that is inclined to the left side (direction to be collapsed) among deformations that are inclined in the left-right direction. The main body of the building when the movement (proximity in the present embodiment) between the two parts (the supported member 19 and the standing member 17) in the accompanying main body 13 is regulated and the regulation is started more than the first stopper 45. 13 deformation is large.

  Therefore, as in the second embodiment, the first stopper 45 and the second stopper 46 impart collapse directivity while suppressing collapse in the left-right direction. That is, these members contribute to the effect of a concept different from earthquake resistance while contributing to earthquake resistance. As a result, it is possible to prepare for an earthquake in a small and efficient manner as a whole.

<Fifth Embodiment to Eighth Embodiment, and First and Second Modifications>
Fig.8 (a)-FIG.8 (f) are front views which show typically the principal part of the building which concerns on 5th Embodiment-8th Embodiment, and a 1st modification and a 2nd modification. .

  In the building 61 according to the fifth embodiment shown in FIG. 8A, the first stopper 45 (rigid member) is fixed to the standing member 17 and faces the supported member 19. Even in this configuration, the collapse directivity is realized.

  In the building 71 according to the sixth embodiment shown in FIG. 8B, the first stopper 15 (flexible member) is positioned so that the lower side should be collapsed with respect to the upper side (right side). Both ends thereof are connected to the two standing members 17. Even in this configuration, the collapse directivity is realized.

  In the building 81 according to the seventh embodiment shown in FIG. 8C, the first stopper 15 (flexible member) has one end connected to the standing member 17 and the other end connected to the foundation 9, From the installation member 17, it extends to the foundation 9 while extending in the direction to be collapsed (right side). Even in this configuration, the collapse directivity is realized.

  In the building 91 according to the eighth embodiment shown in FIG. 8D, one end of the first stopper 15 (flexible member) is connected to the standing member 17 and the other end, as in the first embodiment. Is connected to the supported member 19. However, it extends from the portion of the standing member 17 located above the supported member 19 to the supported member 19 while extending in the direction to be collapsed (right side). Even in this configuration, the collapse directivity is realized.

  In the building 101 according to the first modification shown in FIG. 8E, the first stopper 15 (flexible member) and the second stopper 16 (flexible member) are provided only inside the two standing members 17. Is provided. Even in this configuration, collapse directivity and seismic reinforcement are realized.

  In the building 111 according to the second modification shown in FIG. 8 (f), the first stopper 15 (flexible member) and the second stopper 16 (flexible member) are provided only outside the two standing members 17. Is provided. Even in this configuration, collapse directivity and seismic reinforcement are realized.

  The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments and modifications, and may be implemented in various aspects.

  The above-described embodiments and modifications may be combined as appropriate.

  For example, both the first stopper 15 (flexible member) and the first stopper 45 (rigid member) may be provided on the same building body 13, or both may be the same member (for example, one standing member) 17). Similarly, for example, the second stopper 16 (flexible member) and the second stopper 46 (rigid member) may be mixed, or the first stopper 15 (flexible member) and the second stopper 46 (rigid member). ) May be mixed, or the first stopper 45 (rigid member) and the second stopper 16 (flexible member) may be mixed.

  Further, for example, in FIGS. 8B to 8F, the flexible members (first stopper 15 and second stopper 16) are shown, but instead of the flexible members, rigid members (first A first stopper 45 and a second stopper 46) may be provided. However, as is understood from a comparison between the first embodiment (FIG. 2) and the third embodiment (FIG. 5), the arrangement position of the flexible member and the arrangement position of the rigid member are opposite to each other in the left-right direction. It is. Further, when a rigid member is provided instead of the flexible member in FIG. 8B, the rigid member needs to be different in the height direction from the fixed position, for example, in a shape like a brace. is there. In the case where a rigid member is provided in place of the flexible member in FIGS. 8C to 8F, as understood from a comparison between the third embodiment and FIG. It may be fixed and non-fixed to any of the two members sandwiching the rigid member.

  Further, for example, as in the first to fourth embodiments, in addition to restricting the proximity and / or separation between the upper part of the standing member 17 and the lower part of the supported member, FIG. Restriction of proximity and / or separation at other members or positions shown in FIG. 8D may be performed. Any two or more may be combined with each other as appropriate.

  The attachment position of the stopper differs depending on which of the flexible member and the rigid member is used and whether the proximity or separation between the members is restricted. On the other hand, the position where the space for providing the stopper is easily secured differs depending on the structure of the building body. Therefore, any aspect may be selected based on the configuration of the building body.

  The structure of the building body is not limited to that described in the embodiment. For example, the building main body is constituted by a truss structure and may not have a vertical standing member or the like. Even in the case of a truss structure, in actuality, movement of connected members (parts) occurs, and therefore the present invention can be applied.

  In the embodiment, the building body 13 (standing member 17) (in a narrow sense not including the foundation 9) is connected to the foundation 9 and thus fixed to the ground. However, the building body in the narrow sense may be movable in the horizontal direction with respect to the ground via the seismic isolation device. In this case as well, the lower parts of at least two standing members are usually connected to each other through an upper structure of the seismic isolation bearing so as not to move. Moreover, when the building main body 13 is fixed to the ground, the standing member 17 may be fixed by being buried in the ground.

  The two parts (members) whose movement (proximity or separation) is restricted by the stopper are not limited to those illustrated in the embodiment. For example, the two members may be columns and braces, or may be a foundation and a supported member. The two members may be members of the second floor part of the two-story building. In this case, the girder or beam in the first floor corresponds to the basis of the embodiment. Further, the two parts may not be located on the same line parallel to the direction in which the direction of collapse is controlled.

  Further, the two parts (members) whose movement is restricted by the stopper may be directly or indirectly connected so that relative movement in the direction in which the collapse is controlled is impossible. Therefore, for example, even in a bridge in which the lower structure and the upper structure are relatively movable in the length direction, the movement between the lower structure and the upper structure is restricted in the width direction, and If the stopper is provided so that the direction of collapse in the width direction can be controlled, it is included in the present invention.

  The flexible member constituting the stopper may not be loose. Similarly, the rigid member constituting the stopper may not have a gap between the main body of the building (it may be in contact). The stopper may be configured not to generate an impact when restricting the tilting deformation of the building body. For example, the stopper includes an elastic member (for example, rubber or a spring) and / or a viscoelastic member (a member made of a viscoelastic material or a pneumatic damper), and absorbs tension or compressive force by these members. Good.

  The method of making the deformation amounts different when the restriction of the first stopper and the second stopper is started is not limited to the method of making the looseness or the play different from each other. For example, in the case of a flexible member, although depending on the definition of looseness, even when the looseness is the same, the amount of deformation when regulation is started can be changed by the attachment positions at both ends. Similarly, in the case of a rigid member, for example, even if the shortest distance in the left-right direction from the standing member is the same, the amount of deformation when the restriction is started varies depending on the position (height) of the shortest distance. be able to.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 ... Building, 13 ... Building main body, 15 ... 1st stopper, 17 ... Standing member, 19 ... Supported member.

Claims (9)

A building body including two parts connected so as not to be relatively movable in a predetermined horizontal direction;
A first stopper that restricts the movement of the two parts associated with the deformation only for the deformation inclined to the one side of the horizontal deformation of the main body of the building,
And have a,
The first stopper includes a flexible member having both ends connected to the two portions that are separated from each other with the deformation inclined to the one side and that are close to each other with the deformation inclined to the other side,
The flexible member is a building in a relaxed state in which no tension or less than its own weight is generated when there is no disturbance or shaking . The building body is
Two standing members standing apart from each other in the horizontal direction;
A supported member that is spanned between the two standing members and is connected to each of the two standing members so as not to move in the horizontal direction,
The building according to claim 1 , wherein one end of the flexible member is connected to the supported member and the other end is connected to one of the two standing members. The building according to claim 2 , wherein the flexible member extends downward from the one end and toward the other side in the horizontal direction and reaches the other end. A building body including two parts connected so as not to be relatively movable in a predetermined horizontal direction;
A first stopper that restricts the movement of the two parts associated with the deformation only for the deformation inclined to the one side of the horizontal deformation of the main body of the building,
Have
The first stopper is located between the two portions that are close to each other along with the deformation inclined to the one side and are separated from each other along with the deformation inclined toward the other side, with respect to one of the two portions Includes a separable rigid member
Ken creation. The building according to claim 4 , wherein the rigid member is opposed to the other part via a gap. The building body is
Two standing members standing apart from each other in the horizontal direction;
A supported member that is spanned between the two standing members and is connected to each of the two standing members so as not to move in the horizontal direction,
The rigid member is connected to the supported member so as to be immovable in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction and faces one of the two standing members, or of the two standing members. building according the to claim 4 or 5 opposed to the supported member while being immovable connected the horizontal and vertical directions into one. The rigid member is connected to the supported member so as to be immovable in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, and is positioned below the supported member, and the rigid member is located with respect to the one of the two standing members. The building according to claim 6 , which is located on the other side in the horizontal direction and faces the one of the two standing members. A building body including two parts connected so as not to be relatively movable in a predetermined horizontal direction;
A first stopper that restricts the movement of the two parts associated with the deformation only for the deformation inclined to the one side of the horizontal deformation of the main body of the building,
Of the deformations inclined to the other side among the deformations inclined to the one side and the other side, only the deformation inclined to the other side restricts the movement of the two parts in the building main body accompanying the deformation and starts the restriction A second stopper having a deformation amount of the main body larger than that of the first stopper ;
A building with The building according to any one of claims 1 to 8 , wherein, as a whole building including the building main body and the first stopper, the strength against the deformation inclined to the one side is higher than the strength against the deformation inclined to the other side. object.

Images