JP6495332B2 - 膀胱上皮内癌の治療における使用のためのイミキモドを含む医薬組成物 - Google Patents
膀胱上皮内癌の治療における使用のためのイミキモドを含む医薬組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6495332B2 JP6495332B2 JP2016563246A JP2016563246A JP6495332B2 JP 6495332 B2 JP6495332 B2 JP 6495332B2 JP 2016563246 A JP2016563246 A JP 2016563246A JP 2016563246 A JP2016563246 A JP 2016563246A JP 6495332 B2 JP6495332 B2 JP 6495332B2
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- A61K47/08—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing oxygen, e.g. ethers, acetals, ketones, quinones, aldehydes, peroxides
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Description
膀胱上皮内癌の治療において使用するためにイミキモドを含む、本発明に係る医薬組成物の液体製剤の例:
膀胱上皮内癌(CIS)患者におけるイミキモドの第II相パイロット試験
この試験の目的は、完全奏効(CR)した患者の数によってCIS膀胱癌の治療におけるイミキモド活性を評価することである。本明細書において、CRは、最後のイミキモド注入の5週間後〜7週間後に疾患のエビデンスが存在しない(組織診陰性、細胞診陰性)と定義される。更に、尿中、並びに投与前及び投与後の腫瘍生検中の薬力学的マーカーによって測定して、6週間に亘って1週間に1回投与したイミキモドの安全性及び耐容性を評価した。
この試験は、CIS膀胱癌患者における膀胱内イミキモドに対する応答について調べる非盲検第II相パイロット試験である。6人の評価可能な患者を得るために、米国の複数の(4箇所)治療実施施設において12人の患者を登録させる。登録は、6番目の患者が評価可能になるか、又は合計12人の患者の試験への参加が認められるかのいずれか早い方で終了する。この時点で登録された全ての患者は、試験を完了することができる。
6人の評価可能な患者(即ち、スクリーニング中に膀胱のCISについての組織診が陽性であり、全6回イミキモドが投与され、最後のイミキモド投与の5週間〜7週間後に膀胱洗浄と共に膀胱の膀胱鏡検査を受け、読み取り可能な組織診及び細胞診サンプルが得られた患者)を得るために、12人の患者を登録する。
以下の基準を全て満たす患者を、治験登録について適格であるとみなした:
1. 18歳以上の男性又は女性患者。
2. CISのみであるか、又はCISとTa若しくはT1とを併発していると定義されるが、但し、Ta又はT1病変は完全に切除されている、再発性、原発性、続発性、又は併発性の上皮内癌と病理学的に判明している患者。T1腫瘍病変を有する場合、腫瘍が存在しないことを確認するために、切除した試料中に筋固有層組織が存在していなければならない。
3. −28日目〜−14日目に膀胱のマッピングを行い、少なくとも1つの生検から膀胱のCISが病理学的に確認された患者。
4. −28日目〜−1日目に細胞診のための膀胱洗浄を受けた患者。Ta又はT1病変が切除された患者では、膀胱洗浄は切除後に行わなくてはならない。
5. ECOGのパフォーマンスステータスが0〜2である患者。
6. 0日目の4週間以内前に骨髄、肝臓、及び腎臓の機能が正常であった患者。
室温で安定な無色の無菌液体溶液50mLを含むプラスチック袋にイミキモドを入れ、膀胱に注入する準備を整えた。プラスチック袋に泌尿器用コネクタをつなぎ、アルミニウム箔で四重に包んだ。全ての患者に同体積(50mL)及び同用量(0.4%(w/v)のイミキモド)(50mL中イミキモド200mg)を投与した。また、用量低減が必要な場合、イミキモド0.2%を含む袋も準備した。
有害事象(AE)、臨床検査試験(血液検査、臨床化学検査、検尿、及び尿培養)、身体検査、及びバイタルサイン測定の証拠資料に基づいて安全性を決定した。
イミキモド投与の5週間〜7週間後に治療により完全奏効(CR)が得られると定義される、患者に対する臨床的便益を決定することによって、有効性を評価した。CRは、尿組織診及び組織サンプルの組織診知見に基づいて決定した。
治療を受けたことがない患者及び既にあらゆる治療を受けたことのある患者の両方を含む、CISを有する不均一な患者集団である12人の患者を試験に登録した。登録された12人の患者のうち、8人は治療を完了していたが、4人の患者は治療継続中であった。5人の患者を評価し、更なる7人の患者については追跡評価を行わなかった。その結果は、以下の通りである:
患者1は、2012年11月にCIS/高悪性度乳頭状膀胱癌、2013年3月にCISを呈しており、2012年12月から2013年1月までBCG治療を受けた。イミキモドによる治療の前に、この患者は、組織学的に局所性及び中心性CISを呈していた。試験デザインに従ってイミキモド治療レジメンを行った後、組織診によって腫瘍を検出できなかった。予備的な結果は、追跡評価において、この患者で検出可能な腫瘍が存在しなかったことを示す。
患者2は、2008年から低悪性度乳頭状膀胱癌及び高悪性度ステージ癌、そして、2011年に上皮内癌を呈していた。この患者は、化学療法、BCG、及び9回のTURBTを受けていた。組織学的に局所性CISが検出された。試験デザインに従ってイミキモド治療を行った後も、依然としてCISが検出されたが、悪性細胞の非悪性細胞に対する比は改善されているようであった。この患者は、部分応答者であるとみなしてよい。更なる評価は、依然として継続中である。
患者3は、2013年2月に膀胱癌と診断され、試験登録前には癌治療を全く受けたことがなかった。患者3は、組織学的にTIS、高悪性度及び低悪性度の乳頭状癌、並びにCIS及び低悪性度及び高悪性度の乳頭状癌を呈していた。試験デザインに従ってイミキモド治療を行った後、細胞診によっても組織診によっても、もはや腫瘍は検出されなかった。
患者5は、2011年にCIS、及び2013年にCISを呈していた。以前の抗癌治療は、BCG及びマイトマイシン治療を含んでいた。この患者は、組織学的に、CIS膀胱癌を呈していた。試験デザインに従ってイミキモド治療を行った後、組織診によって検出可能な腫瘍は存在しなかった。
Claims (22)
- カルメット・ゲラン桿菌(BCG)による治療に対する非応答者における膀胱上皮内癌(CIS)の治療に用いられる医薬組成物であって、イミキモドを含むことを特徴とする医薬組成物。
- 前記膀胱上皮内癌(CIS)が、原発性膀胱上皮内癌(CIS)、続発性膀胱上皮内癌(CIS)、及び併発性膀胱上皮内癌(CIS)からなる群から選択される請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 少なくとも1つの薬学的に許容し得る賦形剤と、任意でビヒクルとを更に含む請求項1から2のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
- 0.01%(w/v)〜2%(w/v)の量、0.1%(w/v)〜1.5%(w/v)の量、0.1%(w/v)〜1%(w/v)の量、0.2%(w/v)〜0.9%(w/v)の量、0.3%(w/v)〜0.9%(w/v)の量、0.4%(w/v)〜0.8%(w/v)の量、0.5%(w/v)〜1%(w/v)の量、又は0.2%(w/v)〜1%(w/v)の量を含む0.005%(w/v)〜2%(w/v)の量、好ましくは0.1%(w/v)〜0.5(w/v)の量のイミキモドを含む請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
- 40歳以上、好ましくは60歳以上のCIS膀胱癌患者の治療における使用のための請求項1から4のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記CIS膀胱癌患者が、男性である請求項1から5のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記CIS膀胱癌患者が、膀胱粘膜において少なくとも2つのCIS膀胱腫瘍部位を有する請求項1から6のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
- 少なくとも1つの有機酸を更に含み、0.025M〜0.200Mの濃度、好ましくは0.025M〜0.100Mの濃度、又は0.035M〜0.1Mの濃度、又は0.045M〜0.1Mの濃度、又は0.055M〜0.1Mの濃度、又は0.065M〜0.1Mの濃度、又は0.075M〜0.1Mの濃度、又は0.085M〜0.1Mの濃度、又は0.100M〜0.200Mの濃度、又は0.100M〜0.150Mの濃度、又は0.075〜0.200Mの濃度の酢酸及び乳酸の少なくともいずれかを好ましくは含む請求項1から7のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
- 少なくとも1つの感熱剤を更に含み、前記少なくとも1つの感熱剤が、好ましくは15℃〜35℃の範囲、より好ましくは15℃〜30℃の範囲、更により好ましくは15℃又は20℃又は25℃〜30℃の範囲、最も好ましくは15℃又は20℃〜25℃の範囲において特定の「下限臨界溶液温度」(LCST)を好ましくは示す請求項1から8のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
- 0.1%(w/v)〜40%(w/v)の量、典型的には、2%(w/v)〜30%(w/v)の量、好ましくは5%(w/v)〜30%(w/v)の量、より好ましくは10%(w/v)〜30%(w/v)の量、最も好ましくは10%(w/v)〜25%(w/v)の量又は10%(w/v)〜20%(w/v)の量の前記少なくとも1つの感熱剤を含む請求項1から9のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記少なくとも1つの感熱剤が、ポリ(エチレンオキシド)−ポリ(プロピレンオキシド)−ポリ(エチレンオキシド)コポリマー(PEO−PPO−PEO又はポロキサマーとも呼ばれる)から選択され、好ましくは、Pluronic F108 Cast Solid Surfacta;Pluronic F108 Pastille;Pluronic F108 Prill;Pluronic F108NF Prill(ポロキサマー338);Pluronic F127;Pluronic F127 Prill;Pluronic F127 NF;Pluronic F127 NF500 BHT Prill;Pluronic F127 NF Prill(ポロキサマー407);Pluronic F38;Pluronic F38 Pastille;Pluronic F68;Pluronic F68 Pastille;Pluronic F68 LF Pastille;Pluronic F68 NF Prill(ポロキサマー188);Pluronic F68 Prill;Pluronic F77;Pluronic F77 Micropastille;Pluronic F87;Pluronic F87 NF Prill(ポロキサマー237);Pluronic F87 Prill;Pluronic F88 Pastille;Pluronic F88 Prill;Pluronic F98;Pluronic F98 Prill;Pluronic L10;Pluronic L101;Pluronic L121;Pluronic L31;Pluronic L35;Pluronic L43;Pluronic L44;Pluronic L44 NF(ポロキサマー124);Pluronic L61;Pluronic L62;Pluronic L62 LF;Pluronic L62D;Pluronic L64;Pluronic L81;Pluronic L92;Pluronic L44 NF INH surfactant(ポロキサマー124);Pluronic N3;Pluronic P103;Pluronic P104;Pluronic P105;Pluronic P123 Surfactant;Pluronic P65;Pluronic P84;Pluronic P85;及びポロキサマー403を含むポリ(エチレンオキシド)−ポリ(プロピレンオキシド)−ポリ(エチレンオキシド)コポリマー(PEO−PPO−PEO又はポロキサマーとも呼ばれる)から選択されるか、又は上記感熱剤のうちの任意の2以上によって形成される混合物から選択され、より好ましくは前記少なくとも1つの感熱剤が、ポロキサマー407及びポロキサマー188の少なくともいずれか、又はポロキサマー407とポロキサマー188との混合物から選択され、又はキトサン若しくはその誘導体から選択される請求項1から10のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記少なくとも1つの感熱剤が、10%(w/v)〜25%(w/v)の量、又は12%(w/v)〜25%(w/v)の量、又は14%(w/v)〜25%(w/v)の量、又は15%(w/v)〜20%(w/v)の量のポロキサマー407である請求項1から11のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
- α−シクロデキストリン、β−シクロデキストリン、γ−シクロデキストリン、δ−シクロデキストリン、及びε−シクロデキストリンから選択され、好ましくは、ヒドロキシプロピル−β−シクロデキストリン(HP−β−CD)を含むβ−シクロデキストリンから選択される1以上のシクロデキストリンを更に含み、好ましくは、0.1%(w/v)〜30%(w/v)の量、典型的には1%(w/v)〜20%(w/v)の量、好ましくは2%(w/v)〜20%(w/v)の量、より好ましくは5%(w/v)〜20%(w/v)の量、更により好ましくは5%(w/v)〜15%(w/v)の量、最も好ましくは5%(w/v)〜10%(w/v)、又は2%(w/v)〜6%(w/v)の量の前記シクロデキストリンを含む請求項1から12のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
- 0.1%(w/w)〜0.8%(w/w)、好ましくは0.2%(w/v)〜0.5%(w/v)、より好ましくは0.2%(w/v)〜0.4%(w/v)の濃度のイミキモドと、12%(w/w)〜18%(w/w)の量のポロキサマー407と、2%(w/v)〜8%(w/v)の量のヒドロキシプロピル−β−シクロデキストリンと、0.27%(w/v)〜0.90%(w/v)の量の乳酸とを含む請求項1から13のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
- 水溶液であり、前記溶液のpHが、4.0〜5.0の範囲、好ましくは4.1〜4.7の範囲である請求項1から14のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
- 膀胱内投与のための請求項1から15のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記医薬組成物が、少なくとも3週間、好ましくは少なくとも4週間、少なくとも5週間、少なくとも6週間、少なくとも7週間、又は少なくとも8週間、より好ましくは6週間〜12週間、更により好ましくは6週間〜8週間投与される請求項16に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記医薬組成物が、2日間〜7日間の時間間隔、好ましくは2日間、3日間、4日間、5日間、又は6日間の時間間隔、より好ましくは3日間〜6日間の時間間隔、又は7日間の時間間隔で投与される請求項16から17のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記医薬組成物が、合計で少なくとも3用量、少なくとも4用量、少なくとも5用量、少なくとも6用量、少なくとも7用量、若しくは少なくとも8用量、又は3用量〜12用量、4用量〜11用量、5用量〜10用量、6用量〜9用量、7用量〜8用量、又は10用量、12用量、14用量、16用量、18用量、20用量、22用量、24用量、26用量、28用量、30用量、32用量、34用量、若しくは36用量、又は3用量〜36用量、4用量〜32用量、6用量〜30用量、8用量〜28用量、10用量〜26用量、12用量〜24用量、14用量〜20用量、16用量〜22用量、18用量〜20用量、又は4用量、5用量、6用量、7用量、8用量、9用量、10用量、11用量、12用量、13用量、14用量、15用量、16用量、17用量、18用量、19用量、20用量、21用量、22用量、23用量、24用量、25用量、26用量、27用量、28用量、29用量、30用量、31用量、32用量、33用量、34用量、35用量、若しくは36用量投与される請求項16から18のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記医薬組成物が、10mL〜100mLの体積、好ましくは20mL、30mL、40mL、50mL、60mL、70mL、80mL、若しくは90mLの体積、又は25mL〜100mL、30mL〜100mL、35mL〜100mL、40mL〜100mL、45mL〜100mL、50mL〜100mL、55mL〜100mL、60mL〜100mL、65mL〜100mL、70mL〜100mL、75mL〜100mL、80mL〜100mL、85mL〜100mL、90mL〜100mL、95mL〜100mLの体積、又は例えば、25mL〜50mL、30mL〜55mL、35mL〜60mL、40mL〜65mL、45mL〜70mL、50mL〜75mL、55mL〜80mL、60mL〜85mL、65mL〜90mL、70mL〜95mL、より好ましくは40L〜70mLの体積、又は50mLの体積で投与る請求項16から19のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
- 膀胱内滞留時間が、少なくとも0.5時間、少なくとも1時間、少なくとも1.5時間、少なくとも2時間、少なくとも2.5時間、少なくとも3時間、又は少なくとも3.5時間、又は4時間、好ましくは0.5時間〜2時間である請求項16から20のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記医薬組成物が、併用療法において投与され、(i)CIS膀胱癌を治療するために前記医薬組成物が投与され、且つ(ii)併発性外向発育腫瘍が同時に治療される請求項16から21のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
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