JP6489404B2 - Ionic elements and electronic equipment - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an ionic element that exhibits functionality by using a pn junction formed in an ionic layer, and an electronic device including such an ionic element.

  Devices having various functions have been proposed as devices (ionic elements) using an electrolyte such as an ionic liquid. An example is an electric double layer capacitor having a structure in which an electrolyte is sandwiched between a pair of electrodes. In addition, an electrochemiluminescence cell (LEC: Light-emitting Electrochemical Cells) having a structure in which a voltage can be applied from a plurality of electrodes to a mixture of an electrolyte and a conductive polymer (light-emitting polymer) (for example, Non-patent document 1).

Q.Pai, A.J.Heeger et al., Science (1996)

  By the way, in general, the above-described ionic elements are required to improve the convenience of the user by enhancing the functionality (for example, the light emitting function). Therefore, it is desired to propose an ionic element that can improve the light emitting function.

  The present invention has been made in view of such problems, and an object thereof is to provide an ionic element capable of improving a light emitting function and an electronic device including such an ionic element.

The ionic device of the present invention includes a porous material made of a conductive polymer or carbon nanotubes , an ionic layer containing electrolyte and luminescent fine particles dispersed in the porous material, and a voltage applied to the ionic layer. And a plurality of electrodes for applying. The band gap in the luminescent fine particles is larger than or equal to the band gap in the porous material.

  The electronic apparatus of the present invention includes one or a plurality of the ionic elements of the present invention. Note that examples of such an electronic device include a lighting device and a display device.

In the ionic element and the electronic device of the present invention, the ionic layer made of a conductive polymer (luminescent polymer) or carbon nanotube contains a porous material, and an electrolyte and luminescent fine particles dispersed in the porous material. It is. Therefore, for example, in the pn junction formed in the ionic layer by applying a voltage to the ionic layer from the plurality of electrodes, the light emitting function using the pn junction is promoted by the luminescent fine particles, and the ionic layer The light emitting area at is enlarged. In addition, since the band gap in the luminescent fine particles is larger than or equal to the band gap in the porous material, photoexcitation of the porous material using the luminescent light from the luminescent fine particles and PL Luminescence is likely to occur.

In the ionic device of the present invention, for example, as described above, it is preferable that the ionic layer has at least a light emitting function, and the luminescent fine particles expand the light emitting region in the ionic layer. In addition, when a voltage is applied to the ionic layer by the plurality of electrodes, it is preferable that a pn junction is formed in the ionic layer and that a light emitting function is exhibited in the pn junction.

  In this case, when a voltage is applied to the ion layer, the light-emitting fine particles emit EL (Electro-Luminescence) light in the vicinity of the junction surface of the formed pn junction, and light is emitted from the light-emitting fine particles. It is preferable that the porous material emits PL (Photo-Luminescence) light when the porous material is photoexcited using light. It is further preferable that other luminescent fine particles in the ionic layer are photoexcited by using light emitted from such luminescent fine particles so that the other luminescent fine particles emit PL. .

  Here, for example, as described above, the light emission region in the ion layer is expanded by PL light emission using the light emitted from such light emitting fine particles (PL light emission of the porous material and the other light emitting fine particles). Is preferred.

In the ionic element of the present invention, the pn junction can be maintained for a predetermined time even after the voltage application state is shifted to the non-application state. In this case, since the pn junction is maintained to some extent even after the transition to the no-voltage application state, each function using the pn junction even in the no-voltage application state (storage function, light emitting function, power generation function, etc.) Is feasible .

  The ionic element of the present invention is preferably configured to emit surface light. In this case, it becomes easier to apply to an electronic device such as a lighting device, for example, compared to an ionic element that emits point light (for example, an LED (Light Emitting Diode)). In the ionic element of the present invention, it is preferable that the ionic layer and the plurality of electrodes have flexibility, that is, the ionic element as a whole exhibits flexibility. In such a case, convenience when applied to various electronic devices, flexibility in design, and the like are improved.

  The ionic element of the present invention can be configured such that an ionic layer is inserted between a plurality of electrodes. Alternatively, a plurality of electrodes may be arranged side by side on the substrate, and the ion layer may be covered on the substrate and the plurality of electrodes. Here, in the latter configuration, the response speed of the element is lower than that in the former configuration, but the maintenance time of the pn junction after the transition to the no-voltage application state becomes longer. In other words, the response speed of the element is improved in the former configuration compared to the latter configuration. Further, compared to the latter configuration, the former configuration is less affected by the interface (for example, the interface between the substrate and the ionic layer), and the functionality (light emission characteristics) of the ionic element is improved.

  In the ionic device of the present invention, it is preferable that the electrolyte is composed of molecules having a structure for suppressing ion mobility. In this case, for example, a pn junction formed in the ion layer by applying a voltage to the ion layer from the plurality of electrodes is less likely to disappear even after the transition to the voltage non-application state. (The pn junction will be maintained for some time). Therefore, it is possible to improve the functionality (light emission characteristics) of the ionic element by using a pn junction having such characteristics. In this case, for example, the molecule can be configured to have a linear structure.

In the ionic device of the present invention, for example, quantum dots can be used as the light-emitting fine particles. Further, as the electrolyte, it is possible to use, for example, ionic liquids.

According to the ionic device and the electronic device of the present invention, the ionic layer includes a porous material made of a conductive polymer or a carbon nanotube , and an electrolyte and luminescent fine particles dispersed in the porous material. Since it did in this way, the light emission function in an ion layer is accelerated | stimulated and a light emission area | region can be expanded. Therefore, the light emitting function can be improved.

It is a schematic cross section showing the example of a structure of the ionic element which concerns on one embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which represents typically the state of the ion layer shown in FIG. It is a flowchart showing an example of the manufacturing method of the ionic element shown in FIG. 1 in process order. It is a schematic diagram showing the state of the electric double layer formed at the time of voltage application. It is the schematic diagram which expands and represents the aspect of the electric double layer shown in FIG. It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the formation principle of a pn junction at the time of a voltage application. It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating a pn junction and the electrical storage function using it. It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the light emission function using a pn junction. It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the electric power generation function using a pn junction. It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating an example of the relationship between an electrical storage function, a light emission function, and an electric power generation function. It is a schematic cross section showing the structure of the ionic element which concerns on a comparative example. It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the light emission area | region of the ionic element shown in FIG. It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the effect | action of the luminescent fine particle in the ion layer shown in FIG. It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the detail of an effect | action of the luminescent fine particle shown in FIG. It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the light emission area | region of the ionic element shown in FIG. It is a schematic cross section showing the other structural example of an ionic element. It is a schematic diagram showing the state of the ion layer after transfer to the voltage non-application state in the ionic element shown in FIG. It is a schematic diagram showing the state of the ion layer after transfer to the voltage non-application state in the ionic element shown in FIG. It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating each function in the ion layer after transfer to the voltage non-application state in the ionic element shown in FIG. 6 is a photographic diagram illustrating an example of light emission characteristics according to Example 1. FIG. 6 is a characteristic diagram illustrating an example of light emission characteristics according to Example 1. FIG. 6 is a photographic diagram illustrating an example of light emission characteristics according to Example 2. FIG. 6 is a characteristic diagram illustrating an example of light emission characteristics according to Example 2. FIG. It is a characteristic view showing an example of the relationship between the wavelength which concerns on Examples 1-3, and emitted light intensity. It is a schematic cross section showing the example of composition of the ionic element concerning a modification. FIG. 26 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the state of the ion layer shown in FIG. 25. It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating each function in the ion layer at the time of the voltage application in the ionic element shown in FIG. It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating each function in the ion layer after transfer to the voltage non-application state in the ionic element shown in FIG. It is a schematic diagram showing the structural example of the electronic device which concerns on the application example 1 of an ionic element. It is a schematic diagram showing the structural example of the electronic device which concerns on the application example 2 of an ionic element. It is a schematic diagram showing the structural example of the electronic device which concerns on the application example 3 of an ionic element. It is a schematic diagram showing the structural example of the electronic device which concerns on the application examples 4 and 5 of an ionic element.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. The description will be given in the following order.
1. Embodiment (an example of an element structure in which an ion layer is inserted between a pair of electrodes)
2. Modified example (an example of an element structure in which a plurality of electrodes are arranged in parallel on a substrate and covered with an ion layer)
3. Application examples 1 to 5 (application examples of ionic elements to electronic devices)
4). Other variations

<1. Embodiment>
[Constitution]
FIG. 1 schematically shows a cross-sectional configuration example (ZX cross-sectional configuration example) of an ionic element (ionic element 1) according to an embodiment of the present invention. The ionic element 1 has a laminated structure including a pair of electrodes 111 and 112 and an ion layer 12 (functional layer).

(Electrodes 111, 112)
Each of the electrodes 111 and 112 is an electrode for applying a voltage to the ion layer 12. In the present embodiment, these electrodes 111 and 112 are arranged so as to sandwich the ion layer 12.

  Each of the electrodes 111 and 112 has a thickness of, for example, 30 nm. The electrodes 111 and 112 are made of various metals such as gold (Au), platinum (Pt), aluminum (Al), nickel (Ni), titanium (Ti), and indium tin oxide (ITO). Oxide) and other conductive materials such as conductive oxides, conductive polymers, carbon nanotubes, and graphite. In the ionic element 1, unlike a general organic EL element or the like, the material of the electrodes 111 and 112 is considered without considering the difference in the work function values between the electrodes 111 and 112 and the ion layer 12. Can be selected. For this reason, various conductive materials can be used as the electrodes 111 and 112.

(Ion layer 12)
The ionic layer 12 is inserted between the pair of electrodes 111 and 112 as described above, and is a layer that exhibits various functions to be described later (in this example, a power storage function, a light emitting function, and a power generation function). . The ionic layer 12 includes, for example, a porous material 121 having a large number of pores 121h and an electrolyte (electrolyte of the electrolyte) dispersed in the porous material 121, as shown in the enlarged schematic diagram indicated by reference numeral P1 in FIG. Molecule) 122 and luminescent fine particles 123. Specifically, in this example, the electrolyte 122 and the luminescent fine particles 123 are respectively dispersed in the large number of pores 121 h in the porous 121, and the luminescent fine particles 123 are dispersed in the porous 121. ing. In other words, in the ionic layer 12, the electrolyte 122, the luminescent fine particles 123, and the porous material 121 are mixed at a predetermined mixing ratio (for example, a mixing weight ratio or a mixing volume ratio). In addition, the thickness of such an ion layer 12 is 200 nm, for example.

  Here, the mixing ratio of the electrolyte 122, the luminescent fine particles 123, and the porous material 121 in the ion layer 12 is, for example, the electrolyte 122: the luminescent fine particles 123: the porous material 121 = 1: m: n (for example, m > 0.01 and n> 3) are desirable. This is because, when the mixing ratio (for example, the mixing weight ratio or the mixing volume ratio) of the electrolyte 122 is relatively small (when the content of the electrolyte 122 is too small), a pn junction described later is hardly formed, and the light emitting operation is performed. This is because it is expected to become difficult. In other words, the mixing ratio of the electrolyte 122 and the porous material 121 is a suitable range for maintaining the pn junction formation state (light emission operation and power generation operation) even after the transition to the voltage non-application state described later. Is expected to exist.

  The porous material 121 functions as a base material (base material) of the ion layer 12. The size (diameter) of the pore 121h in the porous material 121 may be larger than the molecule of the electrolyte 122, and is, for example, 1 nm. The porous material 121 is made of, for example, an organic material such as a conductive polymer (light-emitting polymer) or an inorganic material such as a carbon nanotube. Specifically, examples of the conductive polymer include materials such as F8T2 (poly (9,9-dioctylfluorene-co-bithio-phene)). As described above, both an organic material and an inorganic material can be used as the porous material 121, but it is desirable to use an organic material such as a conductive polymer. This is because the molecular weight is increased, so that the ion layer 12 is easily formed. In addition, the porous material 121 desirably exhibits hydrophobicity in view of the balance (compatibility) with the electrolyte 122 described below.

  As described above, the electrolyte 122 is in a state where its molecules are dispersed in the pores 121 h of the porous material 121. In other words, the electrolyte 122 is impregnated in the porous material 121 (arranged so as to penetrate).

  For example, as schematically shown in FIG. 2, the electrolyte 122 is actually dispersed mainly in an ionic state in the ion layer 12. That is, some molecules of the electrolyte 122 are ionized into the cation 122c and the anion 122a. This is because the porous material 121 functions as a solvent for the electrolyte 122.

Here, the electrolyte 122 is configured by using molecules (ions) having a structure that suppresses its own mobility (a structure for suppressing ion mobility), for example, as will be described in detail later. Examples of such a molecule having an ion mobility suppressing structure include a molecule having polarity. As a specific example of a molecule having this polarity, a molecule having an anisotropic shape (elongated shape), for example, a straight chain structure, like the electrolyte 122 in the enlarged schematic diagram indicated by reference numeral P1 in FIG. The molecule | numerator which has is mentioned. As the straight chain structure, for example, an alkyl group (general _{formula: C n H 2n + 2)} , and an aryl group.

  Here, the length of the ion mobility suppressing structure (for example, the length of the linear structure) is desirably 2 nm or more (a structure having a large molecular weight), for example. From another point of view, it is desirable that the ion mobility suppressing structure has a length that is at least twice as long as the diameter of the pore 121 h in the porous material 121. This is because, within these length ranges, the ion mobility suppressing action described later is effectively performed.

  As such an electrolyte 122, it is desirable to use an ionic liquid. This is because an electric double layer to be described later is easily formed in the ion layer 12. As such an ionic liquid, for example, a linear structure (in this example, an alkyl group) such as a compound represented by the following formula (1) (tetradecyltrihexylphosphonium (tri-fluoromethylsulfonyl) amide [P66614] [TFSA]) is used. The thing of the molecular structure which has is mentioned. The ionic liquid represented by the formula (1) is a molecule having a structure for suppressing ion mobility as described above, and a molecule in which strong polarization occurs between the cation and the anion (has polarity). It has a structure.

  Such an ionic liquid is not limited to that represented by the formula (1), and any other ion may be used as long as it is a molecule having a structure for suppressing ion mobility (for example, a molecule having polarity). A liquid may be used. Specifically, for example, an ionic liquid formed by combining the following cations and anions may be used.

(A) Cations and imidazolium cations:
1-methyl-3-methylimidazolium (MMI),
1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium (EMI),
1-propyl-3-methylimidazolium (PMI),
1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium (BMI),
1-pentyl-3-methylimidazolium (PeMI),
1-hexyll-3-methylimidazolium (HMI),
1-Octyl-3-methylimidazolium,
1-oxyl-3-methylimidazolium (OMI),
1-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium,
1-Butyl-2,3-dimethulimidazolium,
1,2-dimethyl-3-propylimidazolium (DMPI);
・ Pyridinium cations:
1-methl-1-propylpiprodonium (PP13),
1-methyl-1-propylpyrrolidinium (P13),
1-methyl-1-butylpyrrolidinium (P14),
1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium (BMP);
・ Ammonium cation:
trimethylpropylammonium (TMPA),
trimethyloctylammonium (TMOA),
trimethylhexylammonium (TMHA),
trimethylpentylammonium (TMPeA),
trimethylbutylammonium (TMBA);
・ Pyrazolium cations:
1-ethyl-2,3,5-trimethylpyrazolium (ETMP),
1-butyl-2,3,5-trimethylpyrazolium (BTMP),
1-propyl-2,3,5-trimethylpyrazolium (PTMP),
1-hexyl-2,3,5-trimethylpyrazolium (HTMP),
1-Buthylpyridium,
1-Hexylpyridium;
(B) Anion
bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (TFSI),
bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide (FSI),
bis (perfluoroethylsulfonyl) imide (BETI),
tetrafluoroborate (BF4),
hexafluorophosphate (PF6);

  Such an electrolyte 122 is desirably hydrophobic because of its compatibility with the porous material 121 described above. That is, it is desirable that the porous material 121 and the electrolyte 122 are both hydrophobic. This is because when the ion layer 12 is formed, the porous material 121 and the electrolyte 122 are easily mixed uniformly.

  The light-emitting fine particles 123 are fine particles (light-emitting nanoparticles) such as nanoscale, and are dispersed in the large number of pores 121h and in the porous 121 in the porous 121 as described above. . In other words, the luminescent fine particles 123 are also impregnated in the porous material 121 (arranged so as to penetrate). Although the detailed principle will be described later, emission light (EL emission light) is emitted from such light emitting fine particles 123. By using the light emitted from the light emitting fine particles 123, ions are emitted. The light emitting function in the layer 12 (porous material 121) is promoted. In addition, the emission wavelength (corresponding to the photon energy) is also changed by changing the size (particle diameter), the composition of the material, and the like in each luminescent fine particle 123. As a result, the luminescent fine particles 123 can obtain emitted light (red emitted light, green emitted light, blue emitted light) having different wavelengths (colors).

Such luminescent fine particles 123 are made of, for example, silicon oxide (SiO ₂ ), aluminum oxide (Al ₂ O ₃ ), fluorescent nanomaterials, quantum dots, or the like. Among these, examples of the quantum dots include CdSe, CdS, ZnS, InN, InP, CuCl, CuBr, and Si, and the particle diameter (size in one side direction) is, for example, about 1 nm to 50 nm. Among such quantum dot materials, examples of the red light emitting material include InP, examples of the green light emitting material include CdSe, and examples of the blue light emitting material include CdS.

[Production method]
The ionic element 1 can be manufactured, for example, as shown in FIG. FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing an example of the manufacturing method of the ionic element 1 in the order of steps.

(Mixture production process)
First, the porous material 121, the electrolyte 122 and the luminescent fine particles 123 made of the above-described materials, and an amphiphilic substance (a substance having an amphiphilic molecule; a leveling agent) are mixed with a predetermined solvent (for example, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene) Etc.) to produce a mixture (step S11). In addition, as an amphiphilic substance, surfactant is mentioned, for example. Moreover, as this surfactant, a fluorine-type surfactant etc. are mentioned, for example. Specific examples of the fluorosurfactant include the following. At this time, the porous material 121, the electrolyte 122, and the luminescent fine particles 123 are mixed, for example, at the predetermined mixing ratio described above. In addition, the content of the amphiphilic substance in the mixture is preferably about 1000 ppm or less, and more preferably about 10 ppm, for example. This is because excessive inclusion of the amphiphilic substance in the mixture is prevented, and the function of the amphiphilic substance described later is more effectively exhibited.
・ Perfluoroalkylsulfonic acid (CF ₃ (CF ₂ ) _n SO ₃ H)
・ Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS)
・ Perfluoroalkylcarboxylic acid (CF ₃ (CF ₂ ) _n COOH)
・ Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA)
・ Fluorotelomer alcohol (F (CF ₂ ) _n CH ₂ CH ₂ OH)

  Here, when the porous material 121, the electrolyte 122, the luminescent fine particles 123, and the amphiphile are mixed in this manner, ultrasonic waves (for example, ultrasonic waves of about 50 kHz and 100 W, for example) are previously applied to these materials. It is desirable to perform stirring using This is because these materials (for example, the porous material 121, the electrolyte 122, and the luminescent fine particles 123) are easily mixed uniformly. In addition, it is desirable to perform stirring using such an ultrasonic wave for a predetermined period (stirring time) that is, for example, not less than the lower limit time and not more than the upper limit time. Although details will be described later, the durability of the ionic element 1 during operation can be ensured while improving the stirring efficiency (the ionic element 1 can be prevented from being broken). Here, examples of the above upper limit time and lower limit time include 3 minutes and 10 minutes, respectively. That is, for example, stirring using ultrasonic waves is performed in a period of 3 minutes to 10 minutes. However, the upper limit value and the lower limit value (appropriate stirring time) vary depending on the type of the porous material 121, the electrolyte 122, the luminescent fine particles 123, the output value of the ultrasonic wave, and the like. Therefore, when performing stirring using ultrasonic waves, as described above, it is preferable that the stirring efficiency is high and the output and stirring time are such that the ionic element 1 is not broken.

(Mixture thinning process)
Next, the above-described mixture is formed into a thin film using, for example, spin coating or inkjet (step S12). In other words, the mixture obtained in step S11 is thinned. At this time, when spin coating is used, for example, in air, spin coating is performed for about 1 minute at a rotation rate of about 500 rpm (rotation / minute). In addition, the method for making the mixture into a thin film in this way is not limited to the above-described spin coating and inkjet, and other printing techniques can also be used. Specifically, for example, printing techniques such as nanoimprinting, induction plasma etching, and dry etching, and printing techniques such as etching techniques can be used.

(Drying process)
Subsequently, the above-described solvent is evaporated from the mixture by drying the thin film mixture thus obtained (step S13). As a result, as shown in the enlarged schematic diagram indicated by reference numeral P1 in FIG. 1, the porous material 121 having a large number of pores 121h, the electrolyte 122 and the luminescent fine particles 123 dispersed in the porous material 121, An ion layer 12 made of is formed. Incidentally, when drying is performed, for example, in a dry in a nitrogen (N ₂₎ atmosphere.

(Electrode mounting process)
After that, a plurality of electrodes 111 and 112 are attached to the ion layer 12 thus obtained (step S14). Specifically, the ion layer 12 obtained in step S13 is sandwiched between a pair of electrodes 111 and 112 separately formed using, for example, a vacuum deposition method or a coating method. Thus, the ionic element 1 shown in FIG. 1 is completed. Thus, since complicated steps such as a vacuum process are not necessary and can be manufactured in a room temperature environment, the ionic element 1 can be manufactured at a low cost by a relatively simple process. is there.

  In the method of manufacturing the ionic element 1, as described above, both the mixing of the amphiphile and the stirring using the ultrasonic wave are performed, but the present invention is not limited to this. Either one may not be performed.

[Action / Effect]
(A-1. Formation of pn junction)
In this ionic element 1, when a voltage is applied to the ion layer 12 using the electrodes 111 and 112, a pn junction is formed in the ion layer 12 according to the following principle.

  That is, first, as shown in FIG. 4, the electrode 112 is electrically connected to the positive (+) side of the voltage supply source PS, and the electrode 111 is electrically connected to the negative (−) side of the voltage supply source PS. A predetermined voltage (DC voltage in this example) is applied from the PS to the ion layer 12 via the electrodes 111 and 112. Then, for example, as shown in FIG. 2, the positive ions 122 c and the negative ions 122 a are selectively moved from the state where the positive ions 122 c and the negative ions 122 a are dispersed in the ion layer 12, respectively. A double layer is formed. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 4, the cations 122c in the ion layer 12 are aligned with the surface of the electrode 111 (the surface on the ion layer 12 side) at a predetermined interval. On the other hand, the anions 122a in the ion layer 12 are aligned with the surface of the electrode 112 at a predetermined interval. In FIG. 4, “h” represents a hole and “e” represents an electron, and the same applies to the following drawings.

At this time, for example, as shown in an enlarged view in FIG. 5, the electric double layer on the electrode 111 side and the electric double layer on the electrode 112 side are each formed using a minute distance of about g = 1 nm. Therefore, in each of these electric double layers, a very large capacitance of, for example, about 10 (μF / cm ² ) is formed, and a very large electric field of, for example, about 3 (MV / cm) is generated. Become.

  When a large electric field is generated in the electric double layer in this way, for example, as shown in FIG. 6, electrons e are injected from the electrode 111 into the ion layer 12, and on the electrode 111 side in the ion layer 12. An electrically conductive region A1 is formed. In addition, holes h are injected from the electrode 112 into the ion layer 12, and the electrically conductive region A <b> 2 is formed on the electrode 112 side in the ion layer 12. Then, this time, an electric double layer is formed between the electric conduction region A1 and the cation 122c, and an electric double layer is formed between the electric conduction region A2 and the anion 122a. .

  Then, by repeatedly forming the electric double layer and the electric conduction region in this manner, a pn junction is finally formed in the ion layer 12, for example, as shown in FIG. Specifically, in the ion layer 12, an n-type region 12n in which electrons e and cations 122c are mixed and dispersed is formed closer to the electrode 111 side than the pn junction surface Sj. In addition, a p-type region 12p in which holes h and anions 122a are mixed and formed is formed closer to the electrode 112 than the bonding surface Sj. These p-type region 12p and n-type region 12n form a pn junction. Based on the above principle, a pn junction is formed in a self-organized manner when a voltage is applied in the ion layer 12.

(A-2. Power storage function)
Here, in this pn junction (p-type region 12p and n-type region 12n), a very large capacitance is formed using the electric double layer as described above. It can be said that it is the state (electric storage state) which is storing. That is, in the ionic element 1, the power storage function is exhibited in the ionic layer 12 using the electric double layer formed in the ionic layer 12.

(A-3. Light emission function)
Moreover, in the ionic element 1, for example, as shown in FIG. 8, the light emitting function is exhibited by using a pn junction formed in the ion layer 12. Specifically, in the vicinity of the junction surface Sj of the pn junction, the holes h in the p-type region 12p and the electrons e in the n-type region 12n are recombined (carrier recombination occurs), and as a result, The emitted light Lout (emitted light) is emitted from the vicinity of the joint surface Sj to the outside. Based on this principle, the ionic element 1 performs a light emission operation. In FIG. 8, for the sake of convenience, the emitted light Lout is shown as being emitted in the directions of the electrodes 111 and 112, but in actuality, the emitted light Lout can be emitted in all directions.

(A-4. Power generation function)
Furthermore, in the ionic element 1, for example, as shown in FIG. 9, a power generation function (photoelectric conversion function) is exhibited by using a pn junction formed in the ion layer 12. Specifically, when incident light Lin is incident from the outside near the junction surface Sj of the pn junction, photoelectric conversion is performed near the junction surface Sj, and a carrier pair of holes h and electrons e is generated. Using the carrier pair generated in this manner (using photoelectric conversion at the pn junction), charges are accumulated in the ionic layer 12, whereby the ionic element 1 performs a power generation operation. In FIG. 9, for convenience, the incident light Lin is illustrated as being incident from the directions of the electrodes 111 and 112, but the incident light Lin can actually be incident from all directions.

  Thus, in the ionic element 1 of the present embodiment, the ionic layer 12 exhibits multi-functionality (power storage function, light emitting function, and power generation function) by using the pn junction formed in the ionic layer 12. Is done.

  That is, for example, as shown in FIG. 10, when a voltage is first applied to the ion layer 12 using the electrodes 111 and 112, a pn junction is formed in the ion layer 12, and this pn junction is formed. Then, it will be in the electrical storage state using the electric double layer mentioned above (state S1 in FIG. 10). Then, as indicated by the broken line arrow in FIG. 10, the light emitting operation (state S2) and the power generation operation (state S3) are performed based on the above-described principle using the pn junction formed in this way. Will be made respectively. Note that such light emission operation and power generation operation can be complementarily realized as indicated by the broken-line arrows in FIG. That is, for example, in addition to carriers (holes h and electrons e) obtained by power storage, it is also possible to perform a light emission operation using carriers obtained by a power generation operation. In addition, each of the power storage operation and the power generation operation can be complementarily realized as indicated by the dashed arrows in FIG. That is, for example, it is possible to store a carrier obtained by a power generation operation.

(A-5. Action of luminescent fine particles)
Here, in the ionic element 1 of the present embodiment, as described above, the luminescent fine particles 123 are included in the ionic layer 12. Hereinafter, the action of the luminescent fine particles 123 (the action of promoting the light emitting function in the ion layer 12) will be described in detail in comparison with a comparative example.

(Comparative example)
FIG. 11 schematically shows a cross-sectional configuration example (ZX cross-sectional configuration example) of an ionic element (ionic element 101) according to a comparative example. The ionic element 101 of this comparative example corresponds to the ionic element 1 of the present embodiment in which the ionic layer 102 is provided instead of the ionic layer 12, and the other configurations are the same.

  In this ionic layer 102, for example, as shown in the enlarged schematic diagram indicated by reference symbol P <b> 101 in FIG. 11, the ionic layer 12 includes a porous material 121 and an electrolyte 122 dispersed in the porous material 121. ing. That is, the ion layer 102 does not include the light-emitting fine particles 123 unlike the ion layer 12 of the present embodiment indicated by the reference symbol P1 in FIG.

  Therefore, for example, as schematically shown in FIG. 12, the ionic element 101 of this comparative example is as follows, unlike the ionic element 1 described later. That is, when a voltage is applied from the electrodes 111 and 112 to the ion layer 102, the porous material 12 positioned in the vicinity of the joint surface Sj of the pn junction in the pn junction formed in the ion layer 102 according to the principle described above. Only emits light. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 12, in this ionic element 101, the luminescent area Ae in the ionic layer 102 is narrower than the ionic element 1 described later, and the light emission luminance is lowered. Further, in order to increase the emission luminance (increase the luminance), it is necessary to increase the driving voltage of the ionic element 101, and the lifetime of the element is shortened. Therefore, the ionic element 101 improves the emission luminance. It can be said that it is difficult.

(This embodiment)
On the other hand, in the ionic element 1 of the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1 described above, the porous material 121, the electrolyte 122 dispersed in the porous material 121, and the light emission are formed in the ionic layer 12. Fine particles 123 are included.

  Therefore, for example, as schematically shown in FIG. 13, when a pn junction is formed in the ion layer 12 by the above-described principle, the porous structure is formed by the above-described principle in the vicinity of the joint surface Sj in the pn junction. The material 121 starts to emit light, and the luminescent fine particles 123 also start to emit light (EL light emission).

  Then, for example, as schematically shown in FIGS. 14A and 14B, the pn junction bonding surface is obtained by using the emitted light (EL emitted light) from the luminescent fine particles 123 as excitation light. The porous material 121 in the vicinity of Sj is photoexcited. This is because the emission intensity of the EL emission light from the luminescent fine particles 123 is relatively high. As a result, the porous material 121 in the vicinity of the joint surface Sj also starts light emission (PL light emission). In the ionic element 1, finally, the emitted light Lout (emitted light) by PL emission from the porous material 121 is emitted to the outside (surface emission).

  In this way, for example, as schematically shown in FIG. 15, in this ionic element 1, the light emitting region Ae of the porous material 121 in the ion layer 12 extends from the vicinity of the junction surface Sj of the pn junction to the periphery thereof. And the light emitting area Ae becomes wide. In other words, in the ionic element 1 of the present embodiment, the ion emission compared with the ionic element 101 of the comparative example is caused by the PL emission of the porous material 121 using the light emitted from the luminescent fine particles 123 (EL light emission). The light emitting area Ae in the layer 12 is enlarged. In other words, it can be said that the luminescent fine particles 123 have an action of promoting the light emitting function in the ion layer 12 (light emitting function promoting action). As described above, in the ionic element 1, the light emission area Ae in the ion layer 12 is expanded, and as a result, the light emission luminance is improved (high luminance is achieved). As a result, the driving voltage (operating voltage) in the ionic element 1 can be kept low and the life can be extended.

  Here, for example, as shown in FIG. 14A, the band gap BG3 in the luminescent fine particles 123 is larger than or equal to the band gap BG1 in the porous material 121 (BG3). ≧ BG1) is preferred. This is because photoexcitation and PL emission of the porous material 121 using the light emitted from the light-emitting fine particles 123 are likely to occur.

  At this time, for example, as indicated by reference numeral P2 in FIG. 13, the other luminescent fine particles 123 in the ion layer 12 are also photoexcited by using the luminescent light from the luminescent fine particles 123 to emit PL light. It is preferable to do so. That is, it is preferable to include not only the porous material 121 as described above but also other luminescent fine particles 123 as the target to be photoexcited. As a result, the PL emission light from the other luminescent fine particles is also used to synergistically expand the light emission region Ae in the ion layer 12 (porous material 121), thereby further improving the light emission luminance. Because it is.

(B. Action in production method)
Next, the effect | action in the manufacturing method of the ionic element 1 of this Embodiment is demonstrated.

  First, for example, in step S11 in FIG. 3, an amphiphile is mixed in a solvent together with the porous material 121, the electrolyte 122, and the luminescent fine particles 123, thereby producing a mixture. Thus, the amphiphilic substance is also mixed, so that the amphiphilic substance functions as a leveling agent (surface tension adjusting agent). As a result, when the mixture is made into a thin film in the subsequent step 12, the surface tension of the mixture decreases, and the mixture becomes thin and spreads easily (thickness variation in the ion layer 12 can be suppressed). ).

  Moreover, since the high boiling point solvent (For example, solvent whose boiling point is about 80 degreeC or more) which consists of the material etc. which were mentioned above is used as a solvent at this time, when drying a thin film-like mixture in subsequent process S13, for example. In addition, the solvent is less likely to evaporate and the mixture dries slowly. Therefore, the effect of reducing the surface tension by the above-described amphiphile functions more effectively, and the mixture is easily dried evenly in the film. As a result, the film thickness variation in the ion layer 12 is further suppressed. In addition, when a mixture is dried, for example, when a hot plate (a temperature of about 50 ° C.) is used, the mixture is dried rapidly, so that the function of the amphiphilic substance is insufficient. There is a fear. In addition, in this case, since the drying is performed at a high temperature, the porous material 121 (conductive polymer or the like) may be broken.

  Furthermore, when mixing the porous material 121, the electrolyte 122, the luminescent fine particles 123, and the amphiphile in step S11, these materials are previously agitated using ultrasonic waves. Thereby, the porous material 121, the electrolyte 122, and the luminescent fine particles 123 are easily mixed uniformly, and when the mixture is formed into a thin film in step S12, composition variation in the film is suppressed. As a result, in-plane characteristic variations in the ionic element 1 (characteristic variations such as the light emitting function described above) can be suppressed.

(C. Action by molecules having a structure for suppressing ion mobility)
Subsequently, an operation in the case where the electrolyte 122 of the present embodiment is configured using molecules having an ion mobility suppressing structure will be described.

(Other configuration examples)
FIG. 16 schematically shows a cross-sectional configuration example (ZX cross-sectional configuration example) of an ionic element (ionic element 201) according to another configuration example. The ionic element 201 of this other configuration example corresponds to the ionic element 1 of the present embodiment in which the ionic layer 202 is provided instead of the ionic layer 12, and the other configuration is the same.

  In this ion layer 202, for example, as shown in the enlarged schematic diagram indicated by reference numeral P201 in FIG. 16, the electrolyte 203 dispersed in the pores 121h of the porous material 121 is a molecule (ion) having an isotropic shape. It is comprised using. That is, the electrolyte 203 in the ionic layer 202 is different from the electrolyte 122 of the present embodiment indicated by the symbol P1 in FIG. 1 in that it has an anisotropic shape (a molecule having a structure for suppressing ion mobility). It is not.

  For this reason, in the ionic element 201, for example, as shown in FIG. 17, after the pn junction is formed in the ion layer 202 on the same principle as the ion layer 12, the voltage supply from the voltage supply source PS is cut off. When it is done (from the voltage application state to the voltage non-application state), it becomes as follows. That is, when a voltage is not applied and no voltage (DC voltage in this example) is applied to the ion layer 202, for example, as shown by arrows in FIG. The ions 122a move and disperse, and immediately return to the state shown in FIG.

  Then, as the positive ions 122c and the negative ions 122a move, holes h and electrons e in the ion layer 202 (pn junction) also move and disperse, respectively. As a result, a pn junction is formed from the ion layer 202. It will disappear. The reason why the pn junction disappears immediately after the transition to the no-voltage application state is as follows. That is, unlike the present embodiment described below, the molecule of the electrolyte 203 has an isotropic shape, so that the cation 122c and the anion 122a are easy to move (the ion mobility is large). . In other words, the molecule of the electrolyte 203 is different from the molecule of the electrolyte 122 of this embodiment because it does not have a structure for suppressing ion mobility.

  In this way, in the ionic element 201, the pn junction disappears immediately after the transition to the no-voltage application state, so that the light emitting function and the power generation function cannot be exhibited after the transition to the no-voltage application state. Therefore, the functionality of the ionic element 201 is insufficient (multifunctionality cannot be realized).

(This embodiment)
On the other hand, in the ionic element 1 of the present embodiment, the electrolyte 122 in the ionic layer 12 is configured using, for example, a molecule having a structure for suppressing ion mobility (for example, a molecule having polarity). Yes. Specifically, for example, like the electrolyte 122 shown in FIG. 1, it is configured using molecules having an anisotropic shape (for example, a linear structure).

  Thereby, in the ionic element 1, the mobility of the ions (the positive ions 122c and the negative ions 122a) in the ion layer 12 is suppressed. Specifically, in this example, since it has an anisotropic shape, ions of such shape and the pores 121h of the porous material 121 or ions easily become entangled with each other, and as a result, the ions move. Expected to be difficult. As described above, when the cation 122c and the anion 122a in the ion layer 12 become difficult to move, the pn junction in the ion layer 12 is easily maintained. When the pn junction is formed, a large electric field is generated in the electric double layer as described above, and thus the ions and carriers are forcibly moved using the large electric field to form the pn junction.

  For this reason, for example, as shown in FIG. 18, in the ionic element 1, the pn junction formed in the ionic layer 12 is in a state in which no voltage is applied, as compared with the ionic element 201 according to the other configuration example. It becomes difficult to disappear even after the transition to. In other words, in the ionic element 1, unlike the ionic element 201, the pn junction formation state is maintained for a certain period of time (for example, about 1000 seconds (about 17 minutes)) even after the transition to the no-voltage application state. Become so.

  As a result, for example, as shown in FIG. 19, in the ionic element 1, unlike the ionic element 201, even after the transition to the no-voltage applied state, the multi-functionality is continuously realized by using this pn junction. The That is, by using the pn junction, the light emitting function (the emission operation of the emitted light Lout: PL emission using the luminescent fine particles 123) and the power generation operation (the photoelectric conversion operation of the incident light Lin) are performed.

  As described above, in the present embodiment, the ionic layer 12 includes the porous material 121, the electrolyte 122 and the luminescent fine particles 123 dispersed in the porous material 121. 12 is promoted, and the light emitting area Ae can be enlarged. Therefore, the light emitting function in the ionic element 1 (ion layer 12) can be improved.

Specifically, in this ionic element 1, since the light emitting region Ae in the ion layer 12 is expanded, the light emission luminance can be improved (higher luminance can be achieved), and the driving voltage (operating voltage) can be set. It can be kept low (for example, about 1.0 V to 1.5 V). As a result, the lifetime of the ionic element 1 can be extended. More specifically, in the ionic element 1, for example, the following effects can be obtained.
・ Low voltage drive (for example, it is possible to reduce the voltage from about 2-3V to 1.5V)
・ Longer device life (for example, from about 1 hour to 3 hours or more)
・ Large element area (for example, an area of about 1 cm × 1 cm can be realized)
- emission operation at a high luminance (e.g., from a conventional 1000 cd / m ² or less, enables high brightness to 2500 cd / m ² or more)

  Further, since the luminescent fine particles 123 are dispersedly arranged in the ion layer 12, the light emission operation is easily performed isotropically using the formed pn junction. Therefore, it can be said that the in-plane variation of the light emission luminance when the surface light emission described above is performed in the ionic element 1 is easily suppressed.

  Furthermore, in the present embodiment, when the electrolyte 122 is configured using a molecule having a structure for suppressing ion mobility (for example, a molecule having polarity), the electrolyte 122 is formed in the ion layer 12. The pn junction can be maintained to some extent even after the transition to the no-voltage application state. Therefore, it is possible to improve functionality by using a pn junction having such characteristics, and it is also possible to improve user convenience.

  Specifically, using a pn junction formed in the ion layer 12, it is possible to realize multi-functionality (such as a power storage function, a light emitting function, and a power generation function).

  In addition, since the pn junction is maintained to some extent even after the transition to the no-voltage application state, it is possible to realize a light emitting function using the pn junction even in the no-voltage application state.

  In particular, in the element structure of the ionic element 1 according to the present embodiment, the following advantages are also obtained as compared with the element structure of the ionic element (ionic element 1A) according to a modified example described later. That is, first, the response speed of the ionic element can be improved in the present embodiment as compared with the modification. Further, in the present embodiment, compared to the modification, it is less affected by an interface (for example, an interface between the substrate 10 and the ion layer 12 described later), and the functionality (light emitting function) can be further improved. It becomes.

[Example]
Next, specific examples (Examples 1 to 3) in the present embodiment will be described in detail.

Example 1
First, the conditions of Example 1 are as follows.
· Porous material 121 ··· Luminescent polymer · Electrolyte 122 ··· Ionic liquid represented by the above formula (1) · Luminescent particles 123 ··· Quantum dots (CdSeS)
(A protective layer made of ZnS is coated on the periphery.)
-Mixing ratio of the porous material 121 and the luminescent fine particles 123
...... Porous material 121: Luminescent fine particles 123 = 10: 1

  Here, FIGS. 20A to 20G show the light emission characteristics of the ionic element 1 when the applied voltage (driving voltage) to the ionic layer 12 is changed in the ionic element 1 according to Example 1. FIG. An example of (light emission mode) is represented by a photograph. Specifically, FIGS. 20A to 20G show the cases where the applied voltage = 3.0 V, 3.2 V, 3.4 V, 3.6 V, 3.8 V, 4.0 V, and 4.2 V, respectively. A photograph is shown. In each case of applied voltage = 3.0 to 3.8V, the shutter speed at the time of shooting was set to 2.0 (sec). On the other hand, in each case of applied voltage = 4.0V and 4.2V, the light emission luminance was very large (very bright), so the shutter speed at the time of shooting was set to 0.5 (sec). 20A to 20G, it can be seen that in this Example 1, the emission luminance in the ionic element 1 shows the maximum value in the vicinity of the applied voltage = 4.0V. In addition, in the ionic element 1 of this Example 1, when the applied voltage was increased from 0V, the light emission operation was started from around the applied voltage = 2.0V.

On the other hand, FIG. 21 shows an example of changes in emission luminance and current density of the ionic element 1 when the applied voltage (drive voltage) to the ionic layer 12 is changed in the ionic element 1 according to the first embodiment. It is represented as a characteristic diagram. As can be seen from FIG. 21, as described above, in the ionic element 1 of Example 1, the light emission operation starts from around the applied voltage = 2.0V. Further, as described above, it is understood that the emission luminance in the ionic element 1 shows the maximum value (about 3000 (cd / m ² )) in the vicinity of the applied voltage = 4.0V.

(Example 2)
Next, the conditions of Example 2 are as follows.
· Porous material 121 ··· Luminescent polymer · Electrolyte 122 ··· Ionic liquid represented by the above formula (1) · Luminescent particles 123 ··· Quantum dots (CdSeS)
(A protective layer made of ZnS is coated on the periphery.)
-Mixing ratio of the porous material 121 and the luminescent fine particles 123
...... Porous material 121: Luminescent fine particles 123 = 100: 1

  Here, FIGS. 22A to 22E show the light emission characteristics of the ionic element 1 when the applied voltage (driving voltage) to the ionic layer 12 is changed in the ionic element 1 according to Example 2. FIG. An example of (light emission mode) is represented by a photograph. Specifically, FIGS. 22A to 22E show photographic diagrams when applied voltages = 2.5 V, 2.8 V, 3.0 V, 3.4 V, and 4.0 V, respectively. In each case where the applied voltage is 2.5 to 3.4 V, the shutter speed at the time of shooting is 2.0 (sec). On the other hand, when the applied voltage was 4.0 V, the light emission luminance was very high (very bright), so the shutter speed during shooting was set to 0.5 (sec). Although not shown in FIGS. 22A to 22E, in Example 2, the emission luminance in the ionic element 1 showed the maximum value in the vicinity of the applied voltage = 4.5V. Also in the ionic element 1 of Example 2, as in Example 1, when the applied voltage was increased from 0V, the light emission operation was started from around the applied voltage = 2.0V.

On the other hand, FIG. 23 shows an example of changes in emission luminance and current density of the ionic element 1 when the applied voltage (drive voltage) to the ionic layer 12 is changed in the ionic element 1 according to the second embodiment. It is represented as a characteristic diagram. As can be seen from FIG. 23, as described above, also in the ionic element 1 of Example 2, the light emission operation starts from around the applied voltage = 2.0V. Further, as described above, it can be seen that the light emission luminance in the ionic element 1 shows the maximum value (about 3000 (cd / m ² )) in the vicinity of the applied voltage = 4.5V.

(Emission spectrum of Examples 1 to 3)
Here, FIG. 24 represents, as a characteristic diagram, an example of wavelength dependency (emission spectrum) of the emission intensity (arbitrary unit) in the final emission light Lout in the ionic element 1 according to Examples 1 to 3. Is.

The conditions of Example 3 at this time are as follows.
· Porous material 121 ··· Luminescent polymer · Electrolyte 122 ··· Ionic liquid represented by the above formula (1) · Luminescent particles 123 ··· Quantum dots (CdSeS)
(A protective layer made of ZnS (zinc sulfide) is coated on the periphery.)
-Mixing ratio of the porous material 121 and the luminescent fine particles 123
...... Porous material 121: Luminescent fine particles 123 = 1: 1

  24, in any of Examples 1 to 3, it can be seen that the wavelength of the emitted light Lout emitted from the ionic element 1 is mainly around 550 nm (yellowish green light). Further, although not shown in FIG. 24, the peak of the emitted light (having a wavelength of about 440 nm) from the luminescent fine particles 123 functioning as the excitation light described above was not detected. For this reason, it has been confirmed that the emitted light itself from the luminescent fine particles 123 is not emitted to the outside as the emitted light Lout and functions as the excitation light of the porous material 121 as described above. In FIG. 24, the peak of the emitted light Lout at a wavelength of about 640 nm in the case of Example 2 is due to the red light emitted when the ionic element 1 is burned out from the light emitting state. .

<2. Modification>
Then, the modification of the said embodiment is demonstrated. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the same thing as the component in this embodiment, and description is abbreviate | omitted suitably.

[Constitution]
FIG. 25 schematically illustrates a cross-sectional configuration example of an ionic element (ionic element 1A) according to a modification. This ionic element 1 </ b> A has a laminated structure comprising a pair of electrodes 111, 112, an ionic layer 12 and a protective layer 13 on a substrate 10.

  The substrate 10 is a substrate for holding the element structure of the ion element 1A. The substrate 10 is made of, for example, a glass substrate, a plastic substrate, a silicon substrate, or the like.

  Here, in this ionic element 1A, unlike the ionic element 1 of the embodiment, a pair of electrodes 111 and 112 are arranged in parallel on the substrate 10 at a predetermined interval. The device structure is such that the ion layer 12 uniformly covers the substrate 10 and the electrodes 111 and 112.

  However, also in this modification, the ion layer 12 has the same configuration as that of the embodiment (FIG. 1), for example. That is, the ionic layer 12 includes a porous material 121 having a large number of pores 121 h, and an electrolyte 122 and luminescent fine particles 123 dispersed in the pores 121 h of the porous material 121. For example, as schematically shown in FIG. 26, some molecules of the electrolyte 122 are actually ionized into a cation 122c and an anion 122a (ionic state). As described above, the electrolyte 122 is configured using a molecule having a structure for suppressing ion mobility (for example, a molecule having polarization).

  The protective layer 13 is a layer (passivation layer) for protecting the ion layer 12 from the outside. The protective layer 13 consists of materials, such as a polymer and an oxide, for example, and the thickness is about 10 nm-100 nm, for example. The protective layer 13 may not be provided depending on circumstances.

  Note that the ionic element 1A of the present modification can also be manufactured basically in the same manner as the ionic element 1 of the embodiment. However, mixing of the above-mentioned amphiphile, use of a high boiling point solvent, stirring using ultrasonic waves, etc. may not be performed.

[Action / Effect]
Also in the ionic element 1A of this modification, the same effect can be basically obtained by the same operation as in the embodiment. Specifically, the ionic element 1A operates as follows.

  That is, as shown in FIG. 27, for example, when a voltage is applied to the ion layer 12 using the electrodes 111 and 112, a pn junction is formed in the ion layer 12, and in this pn junction, A storage state is established using the electric double layer described above. Then, using the pn junction thus formed, a light emission operation (emission operation of the emitted light Lout) and a power generation operation (photoelectric conversion operation of the incident light Lin) are performed according to the principle described above. It becomes like this. That is, multifunctionality (a power storage function, a light emission function, and a power generation function) is realized by using a pn junction formed in the ion layer 12. In FIG. 27 and FIG. 28 below, for convenience, the emitted light Lout and the incident light Lin are illustrated as being emitted or incident along the extending direction of the ion layer 12. However, actually, the emitted light Lout can be emitted in all directions, and the incident light Lin can be incident from all directions.

  Also in the ionic element 1A, since the electrolyte 122 is configured using molecules having a structure for suppressing ion mobility (for example, molecules having polarity), the voltage is not applied on the same principle as in the embodiment. Even after the transition to the additional state, the formation state of the pn junction is maintained to some extent.

  Therefore, for example, as shown in FIG. 28, even after the transition to the no-voltage application state, the multi-function is continuously realized by using this pn junction. That is, using the pn junction, the light emission function (the emission operation of the emitted light Lout) and the power generation operation (the photoelectric conversion operation of the incident light Lin) are exhibited.

  Thus, also in this modification, functionality can be improved using the pn junction formed in the ion layer 12, and convenience for the user can also be improved. In particular, in this modified example, the response speed of the ionic element is reduced as compared with the above embodiment, but the pn junction maintenance time (life time in the pn junction state) after the transition to the no-voltage application state is longer. It becomes possible to do.

<3. Application example>
Then, the application example (application examples 1-5) to the electronic device of the ionic element (ionic element 1, 1A) which concerns on above-described embodiment and modification is demonstrated.

[Application Example 1]
FIG. 29 schematically illustrates a configuration example of the electronic apparatus (portable lighting device 3) according to Application Example 1 in a perspective view. The illumination device 3 includes one or a plurality of ionic elements 1 (or ionic elements 1A) in a housing, and has a function of emitting emitted light Lout (illumination light) from a light exit port 30. doing.

  Specifically, using the above-described formation of the pn junction, it is possible to perform the emission operation of the emission light Lout for a certain period of time after the transition to the no-voltage application state. In this way, in the portable lighting device 3, a function such as an emergency flashlight can be realized with a very small and simple configuration.

  FIG. 29 shows an example in which the light emission port 30 is provided on the side surface of the housing. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the light emission port 30 is provided on the upper surface or the lower surface of the housing. You may do it. In this case, the electrodes 111 and 112 may be transparent electrodes made of ITO or the like.

[Application Example 2]
FIG. 30 schematically illustrates a configuration example of an electronic apparatus (indoor lighting device 4) according to Application Example 2. The illumination device 4 also includes one or a plurality of ionic elements 1 (or ionic elements 1A), and has a function of emitting emitted light Lout as illumination light. Such an illuminating device 4 is arrange | positioned at the ceiling 401 of a building as shown, for example in FIG. However, the lighting device 4 can be installed in an arbitrary place such as the walls 402A and 402B shown in FIG.

  Further, in such an indoor lighting device 4, when surface emission is performed in the ionic element 1 or the like, unevenness in emission luminance is easily suppressed as compared with a light emitting element (for example, LED) that emits point light. It can be said that it becomes easy to apply as a device.

[Application Example 3]
FIG. 31 schematically illustrates a configuration example of an electronic apparatus (desktop lighting device 5) according to Application Example 3. The illumination device 5 also includes one or a plurality of ionic elements 1 (or ionic elements 1A), and has a function of emitting emitted light Lout as illumination light. For example, as shown in FIG. 31, the illumination device 5 is supported by support columns 502 </ b> A and 502 </ b> B provided on a base 501.

  Moreover, in this illuminating device 5, in the built-in ionic element 1 grade | etc., The ion layer 12 and the electrodes 111 and 112 each have flexibility. That is, in this example, the ionic element 1 and the like are flexible as a whole. Thereby, in the illuminating device 5, it can be set as arbitrary shapes (curved shape etc.), such as the cylinder shape shown in FIG. 31, and curved surface shape, for example. In this way, the lighting device 5 can improve convenience, design freedom, and the like.

[Application Examples 4 and 5]
FIG. 32A and FIG. 32B schematically show configuration examples of electronic apparatuses (self-luminous display devices 6A and 6B) according to application examples 4 and 5, respectively. Each of these display devices 6A and 6B has the ionic element 1 (or ionic element 1A) incorporated in each pixel 60 two-dimensionally arranged in a matrix, and uses the emitted light Lout as display light. It is a self-luminous display device. In the display devices 6A and 6B, the ionic element 1 that emits light of each color of R (red), G (green), and B (blue) according to the material or the like is used, for example, FIG. 32 (A) and FIG. As shown in FIG. 32 (B), pixels 60 corresponding to the R, G, and B colors are provided. Thereby, each of the display devices 6A and 6B can perform arbitrary color display.

  In particular, in the display device 6B, in the built-in ionic element 1 or the like, the ionic layer 12 and the electrodes 111 and 112 each have flexibility. That is, in this example, the ionic element 1 and the like are flexible as a whole. Thereby, in the display device 6B, for example, as shown in FIG. 32B, it is possible to have an arbitrary shape (curved shape or the like) (configured as a flexible type display device). In this way, the display device 6B can improve convenience, freedom of design, and the like.

<4. Other variations>
Although the present invention has been described above with reference to some embodiments, modifications, and application examples, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments and the like, and various modifications can be made.

  For example, the materials and the like of each layer and each member described in the above embodiments are not limited, and other materials may be used. Specifically, for example, the molecules constituting the electrolyte are not limited to the molecules described in the above embodiments and the like as long as they have an ion mobility suppressing structure. In some cases, the molecules constituting the electrolyte may not have an ion mobility suppressing structure. Furthermore, for example, the mixing ratio of the electrolyte, the light-emitting fine particles (quantum dots), and the porous material in the ion layer is not limited to the mixing ratio described in the above embodiments.

  In the above-described embodiment and the like, the element structure of the ionic element has been specifically described. However, the structure is not limited to these structures, and other element structures may be used. Specifically, for example, the number of electrodes is not limited to two, and any number of electrodes (two or more) may be provided. In some cases, an ionic element according to another configuration example shown in FIG. 16 may be applied to the present invention.

  Furthermore, in the above-described embodiments and the like, the manufacturing method and driving method of the ionic element have been specifically described, but the manufacturing method and driving method are not limited to these, and other methods may be used. .

  In addition, in the above-described embodiment and the like, the case where the ionic element (ion layer) has each of the power storage function, the light emission function, and the power generation function has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this case. That is, it is sufficient to have at least a (storage function) and a light emission function. For example, the power generation function may not be provided in some cases.

  Moreover, in the said embodiment etc., although demonstrated using the illuminating device and the display apparatus as an example as an electronic device which concerns on the application example of the ionic element of this invention, it is not restricted to these as an example of an electronic device. . That is, the ionic element of the present invention can be applied to other various electronic devices (various electronic devices using at least a light emitting function).

  Furthermore, in the present invention, the contents described so far can be applied in any combination.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1,1A, 201 ... Ionic element, 10 ... Board | substrate, 111, 112 ... Electrode, 12 ... Ion layer, 12p ... P-type area | region, 12n ... N-type area | region, 121 ... Porous body, 121h ... Fine pore, 122 ... Electrolyte (molecule), 122c ... cation, 122a ... anion, 123 ... luminescent fine particle, 13 ... protective layer, 3, 4, 5 ... illuminating device, 401 ... ceiling, 402A, 402B ... wall, 501 ... base 502A, 502B ... column, 6A, 6B ... display device, 60 ... pixel, 601 ... display panel, 602 ... housing, PS ... voltage supply source, h ... hole, e ... electron, g ... interval, A1, A2 ... electric conduction region, Ae ... light emission region, Sj ... junction surface, Lout ... light emission (emitted light), BG1, BG3 ... band gap.

Claims (17)

An ion layer comprising a porous material made of a conductive polymer or carbon nanotubes, and an electrolyte and luminescent fine particles dispersed in the porous material;
A plurality of electrodes for applying a voltage to the ion layer ,
An ionic element in which a band gap in the luminescent fine particles is larger than or equal to a band gap in the porous material . The ion layer has at least a light emitting function;
The ionic device according to claim 1, wherein the luminescent fine particles enlarge a light emitting region in the ionic layer. When a voltage is applied to the ion layer by the plurality of electrodes, a pn junction is formed in the ion layer, and
The ionic device according to claim 2, wherein the light emitting function is exhibited in the pn junction. When the voltage is applied to the ion layer, the luminescent fine particles emit EL (Electro-Luminescence) in the vicinity of the junction surface of the formed pn junction,
The ionic element according to claim 3, wherein the porous material emits PL (Photo-Luminescence) light when the porous material is photoexcited using light emitted from the luminescent fine particles. The ionic device according to claim 4, wherein the other luminescent fine particles emit PL light by photoexciting other luminescent fine particles in the ionic layer using light emitted from the luminescent fine particles. . The ionic device according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the light emitting region in the ion layer is expanded by the PL light emission using light emitted from the light emitting fine particles. The ionic device according to any one of claims 3 to 6, wherein the pn junction is maintained for a predetermined time even after transition from the voltage application state to the non-application state. Ionic device according to any one of claims 1 to 7 to a surface emitting in the ionic layer. The ionic element according to any one of claims 1 to 8 , wherein each of the ion layer and the plurality of electrodes has flexibility. The ionic element according to any one of claims 1 to 9 , wherein the ionic layer is inserted between the plurality of electrodes. The ionic element according to any one of claims 1 to 9 , wherein the plurality of electrodes are arranged side by side on the substrate, and the ion layer covers the substrate and the plurality of electrodes. The ionic element according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the electrolyte is configured using molecules having a structure for suppressing ion mobility. Ionic element according to claim 1 2, wherein the molecule has a linear structure. Ionic device according to any one of claims 1 to 1 3 wherein the luminescent particles are quantum dots. Ionic device according to any one of claims 1 to 1 4 wherein the electrolyte is a ionic liquid. Comprising one or more ionic elements,
The ionic element is
An ion layer comprising a porous material made of a conductive polymer or carbon nanotubes, and an electrolyte and luminescent fine particles dispersed in the porous material;
And have a plurality of electrodes for applying a voltage to the ion layer,
The electronic device in which the band gap in the luminescent fine particles is larger than or equal to the band gap in the porous material . The ion layer has at least a light emitting function;
The electronic device according to claim 16 , wherein the electronic device is configured as a lighting device or a display device using the light emitting function of the ionic element.

Images