JP6469956B2 - Aluminum material, conductors for electric wires and electric wires for vehicles. - Google Patents
Aluminum material, conductors for electric wires and electric wires for vehicles. Download PDFInfo
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- JP6469956B2 JP6469956B2 JP2014048282A JP2014048282A JP6469956B2 JP 6469956 B2 JP6469956 B2 JP 6469956B2 JP 2014048282 A JP2014048282 A JP 2014048282A JP 2014048282 A JP2014048282 A JP 2014048282A JP 6469956 B2 JP6469956 B2 JP 6469956B2
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- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 61
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 49
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 45
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 title claims description 20
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000005551 mechanical alloying Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002159 nanocrystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910018084 Al-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018192 Al—Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013590 bulk material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010316 high energy milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001192 hot extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011156 metal matrix composite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052752 metalloid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002738 metalloids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000304 warm extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012856 weighed raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005491 wire drawing Methods 0.000 description 1
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Description
本発明は、アルミニウム材料とこのアルミニウム材料を用いて製造された電線用導体および上記電線用導体を用いて製造された車両用電線に関する。 The present invention relates to an aluminum material, an electric wire conductor manufactured using the aluminum material, and an electric wire for a vehicle manufactured using the electric wire conductor.
従来、純アルミニウム粉またはアルミニウム合金粉にメカニカルアロイングを施し、メカニカルアロイング粉中の構成元素の一部を処理工程中または処理後において一部酸化させ、これによって生成される酸化物を強化粒子として分散させることを含む高強度アルミニウム合金粉末の製造方法が知られている（たとえば特許文献１参照）。 Conventionally, pure aluminum powder or aluminum alloy powder is mechanically alloyed, and some of the constituent elements in the mechanical alloying powder are partially oxidized during or after the treatment process, and the oxide produced thereby is reinforced particles. There is known a method for producing a high-strength aluminum alloy powder including dispersion as (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
また、金属ナノ結晶粒子の粒子間および／または粒子の内部に、結晶粒成長抑制物質として金属または半金属の酸化物を存在させる金属バルク材の製造方法が知られている（たとえば特許文献２参照）。 Also known is a method for producing a metal bulk material in which a metal or metalloid oxide is present as a crystal grain growth inhibiting substance between and / or inside the metal nanocrystal particles (see, for example, Patent Document 2). ).
また、自然酸化物形成層を有するアルミニム粉末を熱間加工するナノアルミニウム／アルミナ金属母材複合材料の製造方法が知られている（たとえば特許文献３参照）。 In addition, a method for producing a nanoaluminum / alumina metal matrix composite material in which an aluminum powder having a natural oxide forming layer is hot-worked is known (for example, see Patent Document 3).
さらに、アルミニウム基粒子分散型複合材料やこの製造方法として、たとえば、特許文献４に示すものが知られており、酸化物分散型合金の製造方法として、たとえば、特許文献５に示すものが知られている。 Further, as an aluminum-based particle dispersion type composite material and its manufacturing method, for example, the one shown in Patent Document 4 is known, and as a manufacturing method of an oxide dispersion type alloy, for example, the one shown in Patent Document 5 is known. ing.
ところで、特許文献１では、原料粉末内部に金属酸化物を導入するために、原料粉末にメカニカルアロイングを施している。
By the way, in
また、特許文献２では、原料としてナノ結晶粒子をもつナノ金属粉末を利用するので、その作成のためにメカニカルアロイングを施している。
Moreover, in
また、特許文献３では、機械的特性、熱伝導率、比熱に着目しているだけである。 Patent Document 3 merely focuses on mechanical characteristics, thermal conductivity, and specific heat.
したがって、上記各先行技術文献に記載されているものでは、次に示すような問題点がある。 Therefore, the problems described in the above prior art documents have the following problems.
粉末へのメカニカルアロイングを実施するための設備が必要になる。酸化物を過剰に導入すると、導電率が低下してしまう。アルミニウムの高強度化の手法として合金化することが広く知られているが、合金化によって強度を向上させると、固溶元素によって導電率や延性が低下してしまう。また、材料のリサイクル性が悪化する。 Equipment for performing mechanical alloying on powder is required. If an excessive amount of oxide is introduced, the electrical conductivity is lowered. Alloying is widely known as a technique for increasing the strength of aluminum. However, when the strength is improved by alloying, the conductivity and ductility are lowered by the solid solution element. In addition, the recyclability of the material deteriorates.
本発明は、上記問題点に鑑みてなされたものであり、メカニカルアロイングを実施するための設備が不要であり、導電率の低下、延性の低下が発生せず、引張強さを向上させることができるアルミニウム材料、および、アルミニウム材料を用いた電線用導体およびこの電線用導体を用いた車両用電線を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, does not require equipment for carrying out mechanical alloying, and does not cause a decrease in conductivity and a decrease in ductility, thereby improving the tensile strength. An object of the present invention is to provide an aluminum material that can be used, an electric wire conductor using the aluminum material, and a vehicle electric wire using the electric wire conductor.
請求項１に記載の発明は、純度９９％以上の純アルミニウム粉末のみを原料とし、０．１５ｗｔ．％〜０．４５ｗｔ．％の酸素が酸化アルミニウムとなって内部に分散し、かつ、結晶粒径が３μｍ以下となっていることで、引張強さが１１０ＭＰａ以上になっており、導電率が純アルミニウムの５３％ＩＡＣＳ以上になっているアルミニウム材料である。
The invention according to
請求項２に記載の発明は、請求項１に記載のアルミニウム材料から得られる電線用導体の製造方法であって、前記アルミニウム材料を伸線加工し焼鈍する電線用導体の製造方法である。
Invention of
請求項３に記載の発明は、請求項２に記載の電線用導体の製造方法で得られた電線用導体を芯線とし、この芯線を絶縁体で構成された被覆体で覆う車両用電線の製造方法である。 According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided an electric wire for a vehicle in which the electric wire conductor obtained by the method for manufacturing an electric wire conductor according to the second aspect is a core wire, and the core wire is covered with a covering made of an insulator . It is a manufacturing method .
本発明によれば、メカニカルアロイングを実施するための設備が不要であり、導電率の低下、延性の低下が発生せず、引張強さを向上させることができるアルミニウム材料、および、アルミニウム材料を用いた電線用導体およびこの電線用導体を用いた車両用電線を提供することができるという効果を奏する。 According to the present invention, there is no need for equipment for carrying out mechanical alloying, an aluminum material capable of improving tensile strength without causing a decrease in conductivity and ductility, and an aluminum material. The electric wire conductor used and the vehicle electric wire using the electric wire conductor can be provided.
本発明の実施形態に係るアルミニウム材料は、粉末冶金法によって原料粉末から製造されるものであり、アルミニウム材料を伸線加工し焼鈍することで電線用導体を得ることができる。また、電線用導体を絶縁性の合成樹脂等で構成された被覆体で覆うことで、電線用導体を芯線とする電線（たとえば自動車用電線等の車両用電線）を得ることができる。 The aluminum material which concerns on embodiment of this invention is manufactured from a raw material powder by a powder metallurgy method, and can obtain the conductor for electric wires by wire-drawing and annealing an aluminum material. Further, by covering the electric wire conductor with a covering made of an insulating synthetic resin or the like, an electric wire having the electric wire conductor as a core wire (for example, a vehicle electric wire such as an automobile electric wire) can be obtained.
アルミニウム材料の製造方法について、図２等を参照して詳しく説明する。 A method for producing the aluminum material will be described in detail with reference to FIG.
まず、原料粉末（純度９９％以上の純アルミニウム粉末）を秤量する（Ｓ１）。続いて、秤量した原料粉末を圧粉成形する（Ｓ３）。続いて、圧粉成形した圧粉体を焼結する（Ｓ５）。続いて、焼結された焼結体を熱間もしくは温間押出し成形して（Ｓ７）、素材（細長い棒状のアルミニウム材料）を得る（Ｓ９）。 First, raw material powder (pure aluminum powder having a purity of 99% or more) is weighed (S1). Subsequently, the weighed raw material powder is compacted (S3). Subsequently, the compacted green compact is sintered (S5). Subsequently, the sintered body is subjected to hot or warm extrusion molding (S7) to obtain a raw material (a long and narrow bar-shaped aluminum material) (S9).
工程Ｓ１で秤量される原料粉末（アルミニウム粉末）は、たとえば概ね球形状または雫状に形成されており、粉体径は１．２μｍ〜１８０μｍになっている。なお、アルミニウム粉末が雫状になっている場合、短径もしくは長径を粉体径として採用してもよいし、短径と長径の平均値を粉体径として採用してもよい。 The raw material powder (aluminum powder) weighed in step S1 is formed, for example, in a generally spherical shape or bowl shape, and the powder diameter is 1.2 μm to 180 μm. When the aluminum powder is in a bowl shape, the short diameter or the long diameter may be adopted as the powder diameter, or the average value of the short diameter and the long diameter may be adopted as the powder diameter.
工程Ｓ１で秤量したアルミニウム粉末は、所定時間大気中に置かれ、これによって表面に酸化被膜が形成される。酸化被膜が形成されたアルミニウム粉末が、工程Ｓ３で圧粉成形される。 The aluminum powder weighed in step S1 is placed in the atmosphere for a predetermined time, whereby an oxide film is formed on the surface. The aluminum powder on which the oxide film is formed is compacted in step S3.
工程Ｓ３での圧粉の条件に特に限定は無いが、圧粉体の密度は２．７Ｍｇ/ｍ 3 付近とすることが望ましい。２．７Ｍｇ/ｍ 3 とは、社団法人 日本アルミニウム協会発行「アルミニウムハンドブック 第６版」に記載される純アルミニウムの密度の値である。
There are no particular limitations on the compacting conditions in step S3, but the density of the compact is preferably about 2.7 Mg / m 3 . 2.7 Mg / m 3 is a density value of pure aluminum described in “Aluminum Handbook 6th Edition” issued by Japan Aluminum Association.
焼結工程Ｓ５での焼結温度は、圧粉された純アルミニウム粉末が焼結可能であり、かつ、純アルミニウムの融点を超えない温度（４００℃〜６３０℃）であることが望ましい。 The sintering temperature in the sintering step S5 is desirably a temperature (400 ° C. to 630 ° C.) at which the compacted pure aluminum powder can be sintered and does not exceed the melting point of pure aluminum.
押出し成形工程Ｓ７における純アルミニウム焼結体の温度は、純アルミニウム焼結体が押出し可能な温度（３００℃以上）であることが望ましい。ただし、純アルミニウムの融点を超えない温度を超えないようにすることが望ましい。 The temperature of the pure aluminum sintered body in the extrusion molding step S7 is desirably a temperature (300 ° C. or higher) at which the pure aluminum sintered body can be extruded. However, it is desirable not to exceed a temperature not exceeding the melting point of pure aluminum.
所望の強度特性を得るために、図２で示す工程を経て作成されたアルミニウム材料の結晶粒径は、３μｍ以下（伸長粒の場合は短径）となっていることが必要であり、かつ、酸素量０．１５ｗｔ．％〜０．４５ｗｔ．％（重量％；質量％）の酸化アルミニウムが内部に分散していることが必要である。 In order to obtain desired strength characteristics, the crystal grain size of the aluminum material created through the process shown in FIG. 2 needs to be 3 μm or less (in the case of elongated grains), and Oxygen content 0.15 wt. % To 0.45 wt. % (Weight%; mass%) of aluminum oxide must be dispersed inside.
なお、図１はアルミニウム材料中に酸化物が分散した状態を示しており、円Ｃ１が酸化物を示している。本実施形態に係るアルミニウム材料では、結晶粒の粒径が３μｍ以下になっており、結晶粒内に酸化物が分散している。 FIG. 1 shows a state in which an oxide is dispersed in an aluminum material, and a circle C1 shows the oxide. In the aluminum material according to this embodiment, the grain size of the crystal grains is 3 μm or less, and the oxide is dispersed in the crystal grains.
原料粉末の粉体径が１．２μｍ〜１８０μｍであることについて詳しく説明する。 The fact that the powder diameter of the raw material powder is 1.2 μm to 180 μm will be described in detail.
粉体径が１８０μｍ以上（酸素量０．１５ｗｔ％以下）である場合、粉末の表面積が減少するので酸化物含有量が低下し酸化物の分散度も低下する。この結果、酸化物分散強化の寄与は低下し、溶融法に対する利点が失われる。たとえば、すでに一般的に製造されている溶融法によるＡｌ−Ｆｅ合金（O材）の特性は、ＪＩＳ Ｚ２２４１に定義される引張強さ（ＵＴＳ）１１０ＭＰａ、導電率５９％ＩＡＣＳ（Ｉｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ Ａｎｎｅａｌｅｄ Ｃｏｐｐｅｒ Ｓｔａｎｄａｒ）であり、アルミニウム材料（粉末冶金法によって作成されたアルミニウム材料）で１１０ＭＰａ以上の引張強さとするには、粉体径を１８０μｍ以下にする必要がある。なお、アルミニウム材料の引張強さの上限は、特に定めないが、たとえば、アルミニウム材料の引張強さの範囲は、１１０ＭＰａ〜２３０ＭＰａになっている。２３０ＭＰａとは、粉体径３μｍの粉末で作製した押出材をひずみε≒４まで伸線加工した材料の引張強さである。 When the powder diameter is 180 μm or more (oxygen content 0.15 wt% or less), the surface area of the powder decreases, so that the oxide content decreases and the oxide dispersity also decreases. As a result, the contribution of oxide dispersion strengthening is reduced and the advantage over the melting method is lost. For example, the characteristics of an Al-Fe alloy (O material) that has already been generally produced by the melting method are as follows: tensile strength (UTS) 110 MPa as defined in JIS Z2241, conductivity 59% IACS (International Annealed Copper Standard) In order to obtain a tensile strength of 110 MPa or more with an aluminum material (an aluminum material produced by powder metallurgy), the powder diameter must be 180 μm or less. In addition, although the upper limit of the tensile strength of aluminum material is not specifically defined, the range of tensile strength of aluminum material is 110 MPa-230 MPa, for example. 230 MPa is the tensile strength of a material obtained by drawing an extruded material made of powder having a powder diameter of 3 μm to a strain ε≈4.
また、アルミニウム材料を断面積０．５ｍｍ２の自動車用電線（一般電線および耐熱電線）の導体として用いる場合、１０Ａヒューズとのマッチングをとるために導電率を５３％以上としつつ、引張強さを１４０ＭＰａとする必要がある。 In addition, when aluminum material is used as a conductor of an automotive electric wire (general electric wire and heat-resistant electric wire) having a cross-sectional area of 0.5 mm 2 , the tensile strength is set to 53% or more in order to match the 10A fuse. It is necessary to be 140 MPa.
導電率を５３％以上（たとえば、５３％〜１００％）にするためには、図３で示す導電率と酸素量との相関関係、酸素量と粉末表面積との相関関係から、粉体径を１．２μｍ以上（酸素量０．４５ｗｔ．％以下）にする必要がある。 In order to make the electrical conductivity 53% or more (for example, 53% to 100%), the powder diameter is determined from the correlation between the electrical conductivity and the oxygen amount and the correlation between the oxygen amount and the powder surface area shown in FIG. It is necessary to make it 1.2 μm or more (oxygen amount 0.45 wt.% Or less).
また、アルミニウム材料を大きい断面積０．７５ｍｍ２の自動車用電線（一般電線および耐熱電線）の導体として用いる場合、引張強さを９４ＭＰａ以上とし、導電率を５８％以上とする必要がある。これは、粉体径を２０μｍ〜１８０μｍとすることで満足させることができる。 Further, when an aluminum material is used as a conductor of an automobile electric wire (general electric wire and heat-resistant electric wire) having a large cross-sectional area of 0.75 mm 2 , it is necessary that the tensile strength is 94 MPa or more and the conductivity is 58% or more. This can be satisfied by setting the powder diameter to 20 μm to 180 μm.
図４や図５を参照すると、アルミニウム材料（粉末冶金法による高強度純アルミニウム材料）によれば、溶融法によって作成された純アルミニウム材料の引張強さが７０ＭＰａ程度であるのに対し、粉末表面に形成された酸化物を均一分散（アルミニウム材料中に酸化物を高密微細に分散）させることで、導電率５３％以上を確保しつつ、かつ、伸び（延性）を著しく低下させることなく、引張強さが向上している。 Referring to FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, according to the aluminum material (high strength pure aluminum material by powder metallurgy method), the tensile strength of the pure aluminum material prepared by the melting method is about 70 MPa, whereas the powder surface By uniformly dispersing the oxide formed in this manner (highly and finely dispersing the oxide in the aluminum material), it is possible to secure a conductivity of 53% or more and to reduce the elongation (ductility) without significantly decreasing. Strength has been improved.
また、アルミニウム材料によれば、粉体径１．２μｍ〜１８０μｍの純アルミニウム粉末を大気中に置くことによって生じる酸化被膜をそのまま活用するので、メニカルアロイングを実施するための設備が不要になり、メカニカルアロイングなどの高エネルギーのミリング工程が不要になる。 In addition, according to the aluminum material, the oxide film generated by placing pure aluminum powder having a powder diameter of 1.2 μm to 180 μm in the atmosphere is utilized as it is, so that facilities for carrying out the mechanical alloying become unnecessary. , High energy milling process such as mechanical alloying becomes unnecessary.
すなわち、原料となるアルミニウム粉末の径を調整するだけで、アルミニウム材料の強度や導電率を制御できる。 That is, the strength and electrical conductivity of the aluminum material can be controlled simply by adjusting the diameter of the aluminum powder as a raw material.
また、アルミニウム材料によれば、第２の元素（アルミニウムと酸素以外の金属元素等の元素）を添加していないので、導電率の著しい低下が抑制されている。すなわち、アルミニウム材料の引張強さが１４０ＭＰａ以上であっても、導電率が５３％になり、断面積０．５ｍｍ２の電線にも使用することができ、リサイクル性にも優れている。 Moreover, according to the aluminum material, since the second element (elements such as metal elements other than aluminum and oxygen) is not added, a significant decrease in conductivity is suppressed. That is, the tensile strength of the aluminum material is not more than 140 MPa, conductivity becomes 53%, also can be used for electric wire cross-sectional area 0.5 mm 2, it is excellent in recyclability.
また、アルミニウム材料によれば、断面積０．７５ｍｍ２の電線の要件（引張強さ９４ＭＰａ以上、導電率５８％以上）も満足する。 Moreover, according to the aluminum material, the requirements for a wire having a cross-sectional area of 0.75 mm 2 (tensile strength of 94 MPa or more, conductivity of 58% or more) are also satisfied.
なお、図５で示す「ＹＳ」は、「Ｙｉｅｌｄ Ｓｔｒｅｓｓ」であり、「ＵＴＳ」は、「Ｕｌｔｉｍａｔｅ Ｔｅｎｓｉｌｅ Ｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈ」である。 Note that “YS” shown in FIG. 5 is “Yield Stress”, and “UTS” is “Ultimate Tensile Strength”.
Ｓ１ 秤量工程
Ｓ３ 圧粉成形工程
Ｓ５ 焼結工程
Ｓ７ 押出し成形工程
S1 Weighing process S3 Compacting process S5 Sintering process S7 Extrusion process
Claims (3)
前記アルミニウム材料を伸線加工し焼鈍することを特徴とする電線用導体の製造方法。 It is a manufacturing method of the conductor for electric wires obtained from the aluminum material according to claim 1 ,
A method for producing a conductor for electric wire, comprising drawing and annealing the aluminum material.
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