JP6444469B2 - Biological light measurement device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a biological light measurement apparatus using visible light or near infrared light, and more particularly to a technique for measuring an oxygenated state of a biological tissue and a hemodynamic change in the tissue.

  A brain function measurement device (see Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 1) using the principle of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is used as a medical and research device, or for educational and rehabilitation effects. It can be used for market research such as confirmation, home health management, and product monitoring. Moreover, it can be used for tissue oxygen saturation measurement and oxygen metabolism measurement of muscle tissue by the same method. Furthermore, it can be used for general absorption spectroscopy equipment, such as sugar content measurement of fruits.

  Therefore, in recent years, there has been an increasing demand for small optical measuring devices based on NIRS such as brain function measurement, blood flow monitor during exercise, saliva measurement, intraoperative brain oxygen monitor, and the like. The specifications of such small devices (wavelength, number of measurement points, sampling speed, etc.) need to change the measurement site and number of measurement channels (number of measurement points) depending on the application. Conventionally, dedicated specifications are prepared for each application. There was a need. For this reason, it was difficult to realize a module-type biological optical measurement device aiming at a common base, and it was difficult to reduce the cost of the device corresponding to the increasing application of small NIRS.

  Under such circumstances, in Patent Document 2, the measurement area and the number of channels can be freely set, and there is a removable transmission / reception unit, and the main control unit is a sub-control of the installed transmission / reception unit. A method is disclosed in which timing is adjusted by controlling a unit to obtain measurement data relating to brain activity. Further, in Patent Document 3, in order to realize a modular photodetector that is detachable and excellent in safety, a light receiver and a light transmitter are modularized, and in particular, a high level for driving the photodetector in the light receiver. A method for housing a voltage power supply in a package that can be fixed to the head is disclosed.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-019408 JP 2011-24925 A JP 2008-173140 A

A. Maki et al., “Spatial and temporal analysis of human motor activity using noninvasive NIR topography”, Medical Physics, Vol.22, No.12, pp.1997-2005 (1995).

  However, in the prior art documents such as Patent Document 3 described above, it is disclosed that measurement data is obtained by controlling the light source / detector arranged so as to realize the set measurement region and the number of channels. The light source and the detector cooperate with each other, optimize the signal detection method and light irradiation power based on the measurement conditions such as the detected light quantity and detector arrangement, etc., and with a high signal-to-noise ratio even in various required specifications It has not been studied about the point that realizes the measurement condition.

  The object of the present invention is to enable mixing of a plurality of signal detection methods, and to realize appropriate measurement conditions with a high signal-to-noise ratio for various light source / detector arrangements and required specifications. A biological light measuring device and method are provided.

  In order to achieve the above object, in the present invention, a light irradiation unit for irradiating light to a light irradiation point, a light detection unit for detecting light emitted from the light irradiation unit at a light detection point, A processing unit that processes the detection output of the light detection unit, and the processing unit sets a signal detection method between the light irradiation unit and the light detection unit using an evaluation function value determined by the detection output of the light detection unit Provided is a biological light measurement device having a configuration.

  In order to achieve the above object, in the present invention, light is irradiated from a light irradiation unit to a light irradiation point, and light emitted from the light irradiation unit is detected by a light detection unit at a light detection point, and a processing unit However, the biological light measuring method which switches the signal detection system between a light irradiation part and a light detection part using the evaluation function value determined by the detection output of a light detection part is provided.

  According to the present invention, an optimum signal detection method can be selected according to various conditions, thereby realizing highly accurate biological light measurement with a high signal-to-noise ratio.

It is a figure which shows an example of the whole structure of the biological light measuring device of Example 1. FIG. It is a figure which shows an example of the biological light measuring device comprised by the module based on Example 1. FIG. It is a figure which shows an example of the photodetection waveform in the various signal detection system based on Example 1. FIG. It is a figure which shows an example of the biological light measuring device comprised by the some optical device module and control module based on Example 1. FIG. It is a figure which shows an example of the module arrangement | positioning of the biological light measuring device based on Example 1. FIG. It is a figure which shows an example of a light irradiation module structure based on Example 1. FIG. It is a figure which shows an example of the optical detection module structure based on Example 1. FIG. It is a figure which shows an example of a control module structure based on Example 1. FIG. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of probe arrangement according to the first embodiment. It is a figure which shows the probe holder and probe arrangement example for measuring several area | region simultaneously based on Example 1. FIG. It is a figure which shows the flowchart at the time of the correspondence acquisition of the light source-detector based on Example 1. FIG. It is a figure which shows the flowchart at the time of acquisition of the signal detection system based on Example 1. FIG. It is a figure which shows the flowchart at the time of the optimal intensity | strength modulation frequency and optimal delay time automatic acquisition based on Example 2. FIG. It is a figure which shows the flowchart at the time of the measurement channel number determination by signal quality evaluation based on Example 3. FIG. It is a figure which shows an example of the parameter setting screen in the biological light measuring device based on Example 4. FIG.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In different drawings, constituent blocks and constituent elements indicated by the same number indicate the same thing. As will be described below, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a biological light measurement device that meets the required specifications is configured by combining a light source, a detector, and a measurement module for control, and a signal detection method is used. It can be dynamically optimized according to the situation of the subject, the part, the task (cognitive task), and the like.

  Example 1 processes a light irradiation unit for irradiating light to a light irradiation point, a light detection unit for detecting light emitted from the light irradiation unit at a light detection point, and a detection output of the light detection unit An embodiment of a biological light measurement device configured to switch a signal detection method between a light irradiation unit and a light detection unit using an evaluation function value determined by a detection output of the light detection unit. It is.

  In FIG. 1, an example of the whole structure of the biological light measuring device of a present Example is shown. A light source 101 that is one or a plurality of light irradiating units included in the housing 20 in a biological light measurement device that can detect light that is incident on a living body and detects light that is scattered, absorbed, propagated inside the living body, and is emitted outside the living body. The light 30 irradiated from the light is incident on the irradiation point of the subject 10 through the waveguide 40 for propagating the light. The light 30 from the light irradiator enters the subject 10 from the irradiation point 11, passes through and propagates through the subject 10, and then from the detection point 12 at a position away from the irradiation point 11. The light is detected by a photodetector 102 which is one or a plurality of light detection units, through a waveguide 40 constituting the probe. That is, the distance (SD distance) between the irradiation and the detector (source-detector) is defined by the distance between the irradiation point 11 and the detection point 12.

  Here, the one or more light sources 101 are a semiconductor laser (LD), a light emitting diode (LED), or the like, and the one or more photodetectors 102 are an avalanche photodiode (APD), a photodiode (PD), Any silicon photomultiplier (SiPM), photomultiplier tube (PMT), etc. may be used. The waveguide 40 constituting the probe may be any medium that can propagate the wavelength used, such as an optical fiber, glass, or light guide.

  The light source 101 is driven by a light source driving device 103 in the housing 20, and the multiplication factor and gain of one or more photodetectors 102 are controlled by a control / analysis unit 106 that is a processing unit. The control / analysis unit 106 also controls the light source driving device 103 and receives an input of conditions and the like by the operator from the input unit 107. An electrical signal obtained by photoelectric conversion by the photodetector 102 is amplified by an amplifier 104, converted from analog to digital by an analog-digital converter 105, and sent to a control / analysis unit 106 as a processing unit for signal processing. Is done.

  As a method of detecting a minute signal and separating a plurality of signals using the light source 101 which is a light irradiation unit and the photodetector 102 which is a light detection unit, a plurality of light sources are driven by an intensity modulation method, and the photodetector is used. There are a method of performing analog-to-digital conversion after detecting a lock-in of a detected signal, and a method of performing lock-in processing digitally after amplifying and analog-to-digital conversion of a signal from a light receiver. Further, the present invention is not limited to this, and for example, a time division detection method in which a plurality of lights are discriminated by shifting the timing of irradiating a plurality of lights in time or a spread spectrum modulation method can be used.

  Note that the light source 101 that is a light irradiation unit and the photodetector 102 that is a light detection unit may be integrated with the waveguide 40. For example, by installing a light source element such as an LD or LED, or a light detection element such as a PD or APD in the probe, effects such as a reduction in optical loss, a reduction in size of the apparatus, a reduction in cost, and a reduction in power consumption can be obtained. is there.

  A control / analysis unit 106 as a processing unit executes analysis based on the detection output detected by the photodetector 102. Specifically, based on the digital signal received by the digital signal converted by the analog-digital converter 105, for example, based on the method described in Non-Patent Document 1, the detected light amount change or absorbance From the change, oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy-Hb) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (deoxy-Hb) are calculated. Here, the oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin change is a value corresponding to a change amount of a product of the hemoglobin concentration and the effective optical path length. Alternatively, the amount of change in hemoglobin concentration may be calculated by substituting an appropriate optical path length.

  Here, the control / analysis unit 106 that is a processing unit is described assuming that the driving of the light source 101, the gain control of the photodetector 102, and the signal processing from the analog-digital converter 105 are all performed. The same function can also be realized by having separate control units and means for integrating them. Further, the measurement data and the calculation result of the hemoglobin change are stored in the storage unit 108, and the measurement result can be displayed on the display unit 109 based on the analysis result and / or the stored data. The control / analysis unit 106, the input unit 107, the storage unit 108, and the display unit 109 can be configured using, for example, an information terminal composed of at least one personal computer (PC).

  In FIG. 1, a light transmitter and a light receiver that are not shown in the figure include a waveguide 40 on the light source 101 side, for example. The light transmitter is placed in contact with or close to the subject 10. For example, it includes the waveguide 40 on the photodetector 102 side, and is installed in contact with or close to contact with the subject 10.

  In a preferred aspect of the biological optical measurement device of the present embodiment, a part or all of the above configuration is modularized, and has one or a plurality of modules to change blood volume of human tissue, or hemoglobin change amount. , Measure. That is, one or a plurality of light irradiation units for irradiating light to a predetermined light irradiation point, and one or a plurality of light detections for detecting light irradiated from the light irradiation unit at a predetermined light detection point , One or a plurality of optical device modules for storing at least one of the light irradiation unit and the light detection unit, each light detection unit, and a predetermined irradiation source of light detected by the detection unit A correspondence acquisition unit for acquiring a correspondence relationship with the light irradiation unit, and the optical device module includes an information storage unit that stores information on at least one of the light irradiation unit and the light detection unit, and light irradiation. A control communication unit for controlling at least one of the optical detection unit and the optical detection unit stage and communicating with another optical device module, and depending on the correspondence relationship, the detection intensity or the detection intensity in the light detection unit, and the measurement condition Estimated evaluation function value Using switches the signal detection method between each of the optical device module shows the configuration of a biological light measuring device which can mix a plurality of signal detection method at each measurement point.

  FIG. 2 shows a preferred configuration example of the biological light measurement apparatus of the present embodiment configured by this modularization. Modularization is realized by using a plurality of light irradiation modules 13 and light detection modules 14. The light irradiation module 13 includes a light source 101 that is a light irradiation unit, an information storage unit 16, and a control communication unit 17. The light irradiation module 13 includes a wavelength, a light irradiation intensity, a modulation method, parameters of the modulation method, and the like. Information is held in the information storage unit 16. Here, the modulation method includes the above-described continuous digital lock-in method, continuous analog lock-in method, time division detection method, code division modulation method, and the like. The modulation scheme parameters refer to parameters in each modulation scheme such as frequency, pulse width, code waveform, period, and the like.

  Further, the light detection module 14 includes a light detector 102 that is a light detection unit, an information storage unit 16, and a control communication unit 17. The information storage unit 16 holds information of the photodetector 102 such as current-light output characteristics, light receiving sensitivity, maximum sensitivity wavelength, dark current, terminal capacitance, and the like. The light irradiation module 13 and the light detection module 14 have a control communication unit 17 and communicate with other modules or the central control / analysis unit 18 via the communication unit 15.

  The central control / analysis unit 18 serving as a processing unit corresponds to the control / analysis unit 106 illustrated in FIG. 1 and includes a correspondence acquisition unit 19 as a functional block. Further, in the configuration of FIG. 2, as in FIG. 1, an input unit 107 for inputting various parameters manually or automatically, and a display for displaying results obtained after correspondence acquisition by the correspondence acquisition unit 19, measurement results, and the like. Part 109.

  The correspondence acquisition unit 19 is realized by executing a program or the like in the central control / analysis unit 18. Based on information from the light irradiation module 13 and the light detection module 14, the correspondence acquisition unit 19 is connected to each light irradiation module 13 and the light detection module 14. Corresponding relationship, that is, information on which light detection module detects light emitted from which light irradiation module 13 and acquires a signal is acquired. Furthermore, the correspondence acquisition unit 19 may acquire an SD distance defined by the distance between the light irradiation point 11 and the detection point 12 as the correspondence relationship. In addition, each module is installed for a standard phantom (biological tissue simulation material) or a subject, the light source 101 is turned on, and the output of the light detector 102 is measured. -to-noise ratio (SNR) combinations may be acquired, and the corresponding relationship may be defined or acquired when those values are equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold.

  FIG. 3 shows an example of a light detection waveform in various signal detection methods used in the biological light measurement device of this embodiment. Each waveform shows an example of a raw waveform of the light detection signal. Reference numeral 61 denotes a light detection waveform (ch1, 2) of a continuous light lock-in system. The intensity-modulated signal can be decoded by multiplying (multiplying) an optical signal that has been intensity-modulated at a predetermined frequency with a reference signal having the same frequency in the same phase. Reference numeral 62 denotes a photodetection waveform of the pseudo continuous light lock-in method. When there is no use of other optical signals, it is the same as the continuous optical lock-in method. However, when other optical signals are used in the light detection signal, other optical signals are used so as not to interfere with other optical signals. This is a method in which the optical signal is turned off at the timing of starting lighting, and calculation processing for lock-in detection is not performed during that period. 63 shows a photodetection waveform of the time division lock-in method (ch1 to ch3). In the case of using a plurality of light sources, the light is sequentially turned on in order to reduce interference between the light sources, and the intensity is modulated at a frequency higher than the switching frequency in order to reduce noise such as indoor lighting. 64 is a photodetection waveform of the lock-in switching method (ch1, 2), which is a method of alternately switching between two types of light source sets, and is a special case of the time-division lock-in method. Reference numeral 65 denotes a photodetection waveform (ch1 to ch3) of a time-division detection method, which is a method for turning on a plurality of light sources in order.

  These various modulation schemes are known to have advantages and disadvantages, particularly when the number of measurement channels is large or small. For example, when the number of measurement channels is large, the time division method including the time division lock-in method takes a long time to complete a cycle, and it is necessary to reduce the measurement time per channel in order to maintain the time resolution. If the measurement time is maintained, the time resolution decreases. In the continuous light lock-in method, such a problem does not occur when the light sources are not concentrated per detector, for example, when a normal lattice arrangement is used.

  However, when many (for example, six or more) light sources are assigned to one detector, the average light receiving power increases in the continuous light lock-in method, and shot noise due to the photocurrent of the detector. May increase, or the detector may become saturated, making the measurement itself impossible. Therefore, when allocating many light sources per detector as described above, the time division lock-in method or other time division detection methods are more suitable. Furthermore, in order to obtain a high signal-to-noise ratio at more measurement points, the irradiation power of each light source may be changed, or the amplification factor of the photodetector may be changed. The amplification factor of the photodetector can be realized by changing circuit parameters such as a feedback resistance value or an input resistance value of the amplifier in the detection system circuit, for example. Although the above has been described as an example, in actual measurement, the optimum detection is possible depending on the transmittance of the subject 10, the wavelength used, the surrounding electromagnetic and mechanical noise environment, etc., regardless of the arrangement or number of light sources and detectors used. The scheme can vary.

  With reference to FIG. 4, another example of the modular configuration of the biological light measurement device of this embodiment will be described. FIG. 4 shows an example of a biological light measurement device constituted by a plurality of optical modules and a control module. The control module 21, the light irradiation module 23, and the light detection module 24 communicate with each other via the inter-module communication bus 22. Each module has module information 32, a module ID 33, a central processing unit (CPU), and a storage unit 31. For optical measurement, the light irradiation module 23 includes a light source 101 that is a light irradiation unit, and the light detection module 24 includes a photodetector 102 that is a light detection unit.

  Each module includes a communication connector and the like as a control communication unit in the configuration of FIG. 2, but is not illustrated in FIG. 4. The control module 21 is controlled from the information terminal 26 via the module-information terminal communication bus 25. The control module 21 and the information terminal 26 correspond to the control / analysis unit 106, the input unit 107, the storage unit 108, and the display unit 109 configured as shown in FIG. In addition, as the CPU and storage unit 31 of such a module, an FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array), a PSoC (registered trademark: Programmable System-on-Chip), or the like can be used.

  Next, FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of module arrangement when a plurality of modules shown in FIG. 4 are installed on the subject 10. Here, the distance between the irradiation and the detector is set to 30 mm. The light irradiation module 23 and the light detection module 24 are alternately arranged with inter-module connectors 34 provided between the modules, and a “3 × 3 arrangement” (a total of nine modules arranged in a grid in three rows and three columns). ) Is realized. Further, the control module 21 is arranged separately.

  Next, an example of the device configuration of the plurality of modules shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a device configuration of the light irradiation module 13. The substrate 41 includes a light source 101, a monitor photodetector 27, a central processing unit (CPU) and a storage unit 31, a communication connector 38 for an information terminal, a firmware writing connector 35, an inter-module communication connector 37, a power source 39 is installed. As the central processing unit (CPU) and the storage unit 31, embedded software or firmware can be mounted, and the internal hardware configuration can be dynamically changed. Trademark), a microcontroller, or the like may be used.

  As the light source 101, a light emitting diode (LED) or the like may be used. In order to use two wavelengths, two LEDs are installed. Further, the monitor photodetector 27 for measuring the irradiation intensity of each LED that can change depending on the ambient temperature may be a normal photodiode (PD), and is disposed in the vicinity of each LED 101 and other LEDs. It arrange | positions so that the influence of light may become small. For example, the two monitoring photodetectors 27 may be arranged on the straight line at a point-symmetrical position with respect to the center of the line segment when the installation locations of the two LEDs 101 are connected by a straight line. . For example, it is assumed that this module is used for measurement of the human head, a lattice-like probe arrangement is used, and the distance between each light source 101 and the photodetector 102 is set to 30 mm. The light source 101 is arranged at the center of the substrate. Thereby, the arrangement | positioning of a grid | lattice-like light source and a photodetector is realizable by arranging a board | substrate in a grid | lattice arrangement | positioning.

  FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of the light detection module 24. The substrate 41 includes a photodetector 102, an amplifier 36 for amplifying the detected optical signal, an inter-module communication connector 37, a communication connector 38 with an information terminal, a firmware writing connector 35, a central processing unit (CPU). ) And a storage unit 31 and a power source 39 are arranged. Similar to the light irradiation module 23, the photodetector 102 is also installed in the vicinity of the center of the substrate 41 in the light detection module 14, so that the lattice probe arrangement can be easily performed when measuring the human head by arranging the substrate in a lattice arrangement. Is feasible.

  If the light irradiation module 23 and the light detection module 24 are collectively defined as a light device module, the light device module stores information on at least one of the light source 101 and the light detector 102, and the light source 101 and the light detector 102. A CPU and a storage unit 31 for controlling at least one of them and communicating with other optical device modules. In the preferred embodiment of the present embodiment, as will be described in detail later, each optical device module depends on the detection intensity or measurement condition of the signal that is the detection output in the light source 101 and the photodetector 102. The signal detection method can be switched between them, and a plurality of signal detection methods can be mixed at each measurement point.

  FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of a device configuration of the control module 21. On the substrate 41, a CPU and storage unit 31, a firmware writing connector 35, an inter-module communication connector 37, a communication connector 38 with an information terminal, and a power source 39 are installed. The control module 21 functions mainly as a master in inter-module communication in the configuration of a biological light measurement device using a plurality of modules, and includes one or more light irradiation modules 23 and one or more light detection modules 24. To control. Further, communication with the information terminal 26 is performed, and data output to the information terminal 26 and data input from the information terminal 26 are performed. Here, the information terminal 26 may be a PC, a portable / portable terminal or the like as described above.

  FIG. 9 shows an example of the probe arrangement of this embodiment. The position 42 of the light source that is the light irradiation unit is indicated by a white circle, and the position 43 of the photodetector that is the light detection unit is indicated by a black circle. As a line connecting each light source position 42 and the photodetector position 43, a solid line indicates a line 51 indicating a combination of a light source and a photodetector that performs pseudo continuous light measurement, and a dotted line performs time-division lock-in measurement. A line 52 indicating the light source-photodetector combination is shown. The part where the quasi-continuous light measurement is performed is an area where the number of light sources is small, and even if light is received continuously, it is difficult to saturate, so the light receiving power per light source can be increased and the signal quality is improved. Can do. The part where time-division lock-in measurement is performed is an area where the number of light sources is large (seven in this case) relative to the photodetector, and the detector is saturated in the continuous lock-in measurement method or the pseudo continuous lock-in measurement method. And shot noise due to photocurrent increases. Therefore, here, the time-division lock-in method is used to prevent detector saturation and shot noise increase, and to receive a signal from a necessary light source.

  FIG. 10 shows an example of probe holders and probe arrangements for simultaneously measuring a plurality of regions of the biological light measurement device of this embodiment. As in FIG. 9, as a line connecting each light source position 42 and the light detector position 43, a solid line indicates a light source-light detector combination 51 for performing continuous light lock-in measurement, and a dotted line indicates a time division lock-in. A line 52 indicating the light source-light detector combination performing the measurement is shown. Assuming that the plurality of areas are areas A, B, and C in this case, the probe holder 44 installed in the area A has as many as eight light sources 101 with respect to one photodetector 102, so time-division lock-in measurement is performed. It is the composition which carries out. In the probe holder 45 installed in the region B and the probe holder 46 installed in the region C, since the number of the light sources 101 is small with respect to one photodetector 102, the continuous light lock-in measurement is performed. Yes.

  Subsequently, in the biological light measurement device of the present embodiment, an optimal function for detecting the signal is set on condition that an evaluation function value for quantitatively evaluating the quality of the detection signal that is the detection output is set and a predetermined standard is reached. A method of selecting will be described. First, the correspondence acquisition unit 19 in FIG. 2 acquires the correspondence between the light source and the detector according to the flowchart in FIG. That is, the correspondence acquisition unit 19 performs steps S111 to S115 in the flowchart of FIG. 11 and can be realized by software, firmware, and hardware in the CPU and the storage unit 31.

  In FIG. 11, first, a light source that is a usable light irradiation unit is searched, listed, and numbered (step S111). The light source search may be performed by searching for information on each connected light source from inter-module communication through the inter-module communication bus 22 or the like, or by manual input. Next, the light source is turned on in order (step S112), the detected light quantity is measured by the corresponding signal detection method with the photodetector as the light detection unit (step S113), and the evaluation function value is calculated (step S114). Then, a light source-detector combination having an evaluation function value equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold is defined as a channel (measurement point) (step S115). That is, a usable combination of the light source 101 and the photodetector 102 is acquired.

  If each photodetector has a predetermined number of channels or more, priorities are set in descending order of the detected light quantity or evaluation function value, and more channels than the predetermined number are excluded (step S116). As a method of not setting the predetermined number, a method may be used in which, when the number of light sources is increased, the channel causing the failure is excluded when the predetermined signal-to-noise ratio is reduced. Since there may be a case where it is not desired to increase the number of channels more than a predetermined number so as not to reduce the time resolution, in this case, the use channel may be set so as not to be less than the time resolution input in advance. . Finally, the channel setting result is stored in the storage unit 18 (step S117). Here, a method of ensuring a predetermined signal-to-noise ratio by changing the light irradiation power of each light source may be used. For example, a method of reducing the light irradiation power when the detected light amount is too strong and increasing the light irradiation power when the detected light amount is too weak can be considered.

  The evaluation function in the present embodiment refers to a function that determines signal quality, and the evaluation function value is, for example, a carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) represented by Equation 1 or A signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) represented by Equation 2 may be used.

‐‐‐ 数式１
ここで、mean(V)は所定の期間における所定波長の検出光量時系列データの平均値、std(V)は所定の期間における所定波長の検出光量時系列データの標準偏差を示す。

---Formula 1
Here, mean (V) represents the average value of the detected light amount time-series data of the predetermined wavelength in a predetermined period, and std (V) represents the standard deviation of the detected light amount time-series data of the predetermined wavelength in the predetermined period.

‐‐‐ 数式２
ここで、mean(ΔC_Hb)は所定の期間におけるヘモグロビン変化時系列データの平均値、std(ΔC_Hb)は所定の期間におけるヘモグロビン変化時系列データの標準偏差を示す。

---Formula 2
Here, mean (ΔC _Hb ) represents an average value of hemoglobin change time series data in a predetermined period, and std (ΔC _Hb ) represents a standard deviation of hemoglobin change time series data in a predetermined period.

  For example, signals from light sources that are all light irradiation units are turned on in order for a predetermined period, detected by a photodetector that is all the light detection unit, the detection intensity is recorded, and an evaluation function that represents the signal quality Calculate the value. As a result, when each evaluation function value exceeds a predetermined threshold, it is determined as a correspondence relationship for acquiring a signal. Note that the correspondence may be acquired by manual input from the input unit 107 without using this method.

  FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating a flowchart when the signal detection method is acquired in the biological light measurement device according to the present embodiment. In the figure, a list of signal detection methods is read (step S121). 1 is substituted for n (step S122). Measurement is performed based on the method n (step S123). Next, the quality of the measurement result is evaluated (step S124). Next, it is determined whether n is N (step S125). If n is not N in step S125 (No), 1 is added to n (step S126), and step S123 is executed. If n is N in step S125 (Yes), the method that provides the best quality of measurement results is determined (step S127). In this embodiment, the evaluation function value determined by the detection output of the light detection unit, that is, the example in which the signal detection method is determined using the quality of the measurement result has been described. The signal detection method may be dynamically optimized depending on the situation.

  Next, as a second embodiment, an embodiment of a method for determining an optimum intensity modulation frequency as a signal detection method at each measurement point or a combination of a light source and a detector will be described. In the present embodiment, automatic acquisition of the optimum delay time that optimizes the delay time of the reference signal multiplied by the detection signal at the time of signal demodulation by the lock-in method such as the continuous light lock-in method as the signal detection method will also be described. .

  FIG. 13 shows a flowchart when the optimum intensity modulation frequency and optimum delay time are automatically acquired. R types of delay time n are prepared (step S131). The delay time may be input from the input unit 107 manually or automatically. Next, 1 is substituted for n (step S132). Of the R types of delay times, the n-th delay time is set as a detection lock-in reference signal, and the intensity modulation frequency is changed in various ways (step S133). The quality of the measurement result at each intensity modulation frequency is evaluated (step S134). It is determined whether n is R (step S135). If No in step S135, 1 is added to n (step S136), the detection delay time is changed to the nth value (step S137), and the process returns to step S133. If Yes in step S135, the intensity modulation frequency and delay time with the best measurement result quality are determined from the combination of all delay times and all intensity modulation frequencies (step S138). In addition, although the Example which determines the optimal intensity | strength modulation frequency and optimal delay time using the quality of a measurement result was demonstrated here, it is further optimal according to the conditions of a subject, a site | part, a task (cognitive task), etc. The intensity modulation frequency and the optimum delay time may be dynamically optimized.

  In this embodiment, the method for optimizing the intensity modulation frequency and the delay time is described as the signal detection method. However, as the signal detection method, the accuracy or resolution (for example, analog-to-digital (AD) conversion in the detection system) 16 bit) may be optimized. Increasing AD conversion accuracy or resolution generally reduces the maximum sampling rate and affects the signal bandwidth that can be acquired. Furthermore, when AD conversion is performed in parallel with other CPU operations, other CPU operations are also affected. Therefore, the AD conversion accuracy is not necessarily high, and it is necessary to consider a trade-off with the influence on other systems. Therefore, it is more desirable to optimize the intensity modulation frequency and delay time after including AD conversion accuracy as one of the parameters for optimizing the signal detection method.

  Example 3 is an example relating to a method for determining the number of measurement channels as a signal detection method based on measurement signal quality evaluation in a biological light measurement apparatus. FIG. 14 shows a flowchart when determining the number of measurement channels as a signal detection method based on signal quality evaluation of this embodiment. As shown in the figure, first, the light sources to be used are acquired, listed, and priorities are determined (rank 1 to N) (step S141). It may be input in advance according to the part and channel position. Next, 1 is substituted for n (step S142).

  All the light sources with the priority n and the light sources with a priority higher than n are turned on by the continuous light measurement method, and the biologically propagated light is detected (step S143). The quality of the detected signal is evaluated (step S144). It is determined whether or not the signal evaluation function is greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold value in all measurement channels (step S145). If there is even one channel whose evaluation function value is less than the predetermined threshold value in step S145 (No), 1 is subtracted from n (step S146), and light sources with a lower rank than rank n are not used (step S147). . In step S145, if the signal evaluation function is greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold value in all measurement channels (Yes), it is determined whether n is less than N (step S148). If n is less than N in step S148 (Yes), 1 is added to n (step S149), and the process proceeds to step S143. In step S148, when n is equal to N (No), the process ends. In this case, N light sources are used.

  As the signal quality in the biological optical measurement device in the present embodiment, in addition to the carrier-to-noise ratio and the signal-to-noise ratio shown in the above-described Equations 1 and 2, the average value of the detected light amount time-series data, the detected light amount time series The standard deviation of data, etc. may be used.

  In this example, the method of disabling when the evaluation function value is less than the predetermined threshold in the continuous lock-in method, which is a continuous light measurement method, has been described. It is also possible to switch to a time division method such as a method so that the evaluation function value is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold value.

  In this example, the light source system is a light irradiation module, the light detection system, and the light reception system is a light detection module. However, a module configuration including both a light source system and a light reception system may be used. The control module may be configured as a module that only includes inter-module communication and the like.

  The correspondence acquisition unit may be configured to simply switch to the time division method or the time division lock-in method when the number of measurement points is a predetermined number (for example, six) or more with respect to one detection means. good. The threshold value for the number of measurement points depends on the measurement conditions because it depends on the quality of the signal, but may be optimized based on actual measurement by setting a guideline based on laser safety standards (for example, IEC 60825).

  Example 4 is an example of a setting screen configuration for setting various parameters in the biological light measurement device. In the display unit 109 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a setting screen for various parameters is presented so that the user can manually set various measurement parameters from the input unit 107. FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating an example of a parameter setting screen in the present embodiment. In this screen, a setting field 201 for the maximum number of channels per detector, a setting field 202 for the minimum signal-to-noise ratio, a setting field 203 for the minimum sample frequency, and a setting field 204 for the maximum light irradiation power per light source are displayed. Each setting value can be input from the input unit 107, and after setting, the user presses an OK button on the setting screen to determine. To cancel the parameter setting, press the cancel button.

  For example, as described above, in order to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio, it is effective to reduce the number of channels and increase the light irradiation power. The control / analysis unit 106 searches for an optimal parameter while satisfying the conditions set here. As a parameter search method in the biological light measurement apparatus of the present embodiment, all parameters are sequentially searched for an optimal combination while changing within a variable range, a method for preferentially searching for empirical parameter conditions, What is necessary is just to set the method of changing parameter conditions at random etc. according to the restriction | limiting of search time. It should be noted that priority parameters may be set in advance in case there are a plurality of parameter conditions that satisfy the constraint conditions.

  While various preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and includes various modifications. For example, as a separate means of the correspondence acquisition unit 19 in FIG. 2, a position identification unit that identifies a light irradiation point that is a position where light is irradiated on the subject 10 and a position of a detection point that is a position where light is detected on the subject. Therefore, the correspondence relationship between the light source that is the light irradiation unit and the photodetector that is the light detection unit may be automatically acquired. Such a configuration does not care about the order in which the fibers or probes are pointed to the probe holder or the ID and number of each probe, and any light source fiber is arbitrarily placed on the probe holder for the light source, and the probe holder for the photodetector is arbitrarily located. It is possible to insert a photodetecting fiber of this type, and there is an effect that preparation for measurement can be performed at high speed. Since the light detection method can be automatically acquired, the hardware setting can be changed flexibly and measured. In addition, when the condition is not changed between subjects, the setting can be fixed. Such a position identification unit may be a magnetic sensor, a camera, or the like. When a magnetic sensor is used as the position identification unit, a three-dimensional position measurement is possible by installing a magnetic transmitter outside the device, attaching a magnetic sensor to each optical device module, and detecting the output of each magnetic sensor It becomes.

  In addition to the above-described embodiments, the biological optical measurement device of the present invention includes an electronic circuit and elements composed of a resistor, a capacitor (capacitor), an analog IC, etc. as a backup, and switches between use and non-use of each element. It is also possible to adopt a configuration characterized in that use and non-use of each element are switched so that the evaluation function value is maximized as appropriate. That is, the parameters of the switchable signal detection method include a hardware configuration such as a time division lock-in detection method, a continuous lock-in detection method, a signal feature quantity such as an intensity modulation frequency, and an element combination to be used. They can be used to optimize signal quality, and can also serve as backups of devices and as replacements for failed devices.

  According to the present invention described above, as a medical and research device, or for confirming educational effects / rehabilitation effects, home health management, market research such as product monitoring, and the like, tissue oxygen saturation measurement and muscle In a biological measurement apparatus that can be used for oxygen metabolism measurement, it is possible to provide a highly reliable signal by dynamically changing the optimal apparatus configuration and improving the signal quality.

  In addition, this invention is not limited to an above-described Example, Various modifications are included. For example, the above-described embodiments have been described in detail for better understanding of the present invention, and are not necessarily limited to those having all the configurations described. Further, a part of the configuration of one embodiment can be replaced with the configuration of another embodiment, and the configuration of another embodiment can be added to the configuration of one embodiment. Further, it is possible to add, delete, and replace other configurations for a part of the configuration of each embodiment. For example, in the embodiments described above, the description has been made assuming that the light detection method is selected for each measurement channel. However, even when the same measurement channel uses a plurality of wavelengths, different wavelengths may be used. The evaluation function value may be maximized so that the method may be adopted. That is, assuming that the hemoglobin change is calculated using three wavelengths at the same measurement point or measurement channel, wavelength 1 is a continuous lock-in method, wavelengths 2 and 3 are time-division lock-in methods, This setting is also possible.

Furthermore, the above-described configurations, functions, control / analysis units, etc. have been described by exemplifying the case where they are realized by software by creating a program that realizes some or all of them. Needless to say, the present invention may be realized by hardware, for example, by designing with an integrated circuit, etc. In the disclosure of the present specification described in detail above, not only the invention described in the claims but also various kinds of The invention is disclosed. Some of them are listed below.

[List 1]
One or a plurality of light irradiation units for irradiating light to a predetermined light irradiation point;
One or more light detection units for detecting light emitted from the light irradiation unit at a predetermined light detection point;
One or a plurality of optical device modules for storing at least one of the light irradiation unit and the light detection unit,
The signal detection method can be switched between each of the optical device modules, and a plurality of the signal detection methods can be mixed at each measurement point.
A biological light measurement device characterized by that.

[List 2]
A correspondence acquisition unit for acquiring a correspondence relationship between each of the light detection units and a predetermined light irradiation unit that is an irradiation source of light detected by the light detection unit;
Utilizing the evaluation function value determined by the correspondence and the detection intensity or the detection intensity and measurement conditions in the light detection unit,
The biological light measurement device according to List 1 characterized by the above.

[List 3]
The optical device module is:
An information storage unit for storing information on at least one of the light irradiation unit and the light detection unit;
A control communication unit for controlling at least one of the light irradiation unit and the light detection unit and communicating with the other optical device module;
The living body light measuring device according to List 1, characterized by comprising:

[List 4]
A light irradiation point that is a position where the light irradiation unit irradiates light in the subject, and a position identification unit that identifies a position of a detection point where the light detection unit detects light in the subject;
The biological light measurement device according to List 1 characterized by the above.

[List 5]
The information storage unit holds the wavelength and current-light output characteristics of the light irradiation unit, and holds sensitivity information of the light detection unit,
The biological light measurement device according to List 1 characterized by the above.

[List 6]
The correspondence relationship is an SD distance defined by a combination of a predetermined light irradiation unit and the light detection unit that detects light emitted by the predetermined light irradiation unit, and a distance between the irradiation point and the detection point. The biological light measurement device according to List 1, wherein:

[List 7]
The correspondence acquisition unit installs the optical device module in the subject or standard phantom, and acquires a combination of time average detected light amount or signal-to-noise ratio when measured,
The biological light measurement device according to List 1 characterized by the above.

[List 8]
The signal detection method includes setting of AD conversion accuracy for analog / digital conversion of the detection output of the light detection unit,
The biological light measurement device according to List 1 characterized by the above.

[List 9]
When the signal detection method is a lock-in method, the detection delay time in the signal detection method is optimally set based on the evaluation function value.
The biological light measurement device according to List 1 characterized by the above.

[List 10]
The intensity modulation frequency of the light source of the light irradiation unit is optimally set based on the evaluation function value.
The biological light measurement device according to List 1 characterized by the above.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Subject 11 Irradiation point 12 Detection point 13, 23 Light irradiation module 14, 24 Light detection module 15 Communication part 16 Information storage part 17 Control communication part 18 Central control and analysis part 19 Correspondence acquisition part 20 Apparatus main body 21 Control module 22 Inter-module communication bus 25 Module-information terminal communication bus 26 Information terminal 30 Light 31 CPU and storage unit 32 Module information 33 Module ID
34 Inter-module connector 35 Firmware writing connector 36 Amplifier 37 Inter-module communication connector 38 Communication terminal communication connector 39 Power supply 40 Waveguide 41 Substrate 42 Light source position 43 Photodetector positions 44, 45, 46 Probe holder 50 Continuous light Combination 51 for performing lock-in measurement Combination 52 for performing pseudo continuous light lock-in measurement Combination 61 for performing time-division lock-in measurement Photodetection waveform of continuous light lock-in method (ch1, 2)
62 Photodetection waveform of pseudo continuous optical lock-in method 63 Photodetection waveform of time-division lock-in method (ch1-3)
64 Lock-in switching photodetection waveform (ch1, 2)
65 Photodetection waveform of time division detection method (ch1-3)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 101 Light source 102 Photo detector 103 Light source drive device 104 Amplifier 105 Analog-digital converter 106 Control / analysis part 107 Input part 108 Storage part 109 Display part 201 Setting column 202 of the maximum number of channels per detector 202 Minimum signal-to-noise ratio Setting column 203 Minimum sampling frequency setting column 204 Maximum light irradiation power setting column per light source

Claims (14)

An optical device module that stores at least one of a light irradiation unit for irradiating light to a light irradiation point of a subject or a light detection unit for detecting light emitted from the light irradiation unit at a light detection point is provided. ,
The optical device module has a central processing unit capable of changing the internal hardware configuration ,
The central processing unit sets a signal detection method between the light irradiation unit and the light detection unit based on the detection output of the light detection unit ,
A biological light measurement device characterized by that. The biological light measurement device according to claim 1,
The central processing unit processes the stored detection output of the light detection unit,
A biological light measurement device characterized by that. The biological light measurement device according to claim 2,
The central processing unit communicates with other optical device modules.
A biological light measurement device characterized by that. The biological light measurement device according to claim 3,
The optical device module includes an information storage unit that stores information on the stored light irradiation unit or the light detection unit.
A biological light measurement device characterized by that. The biological light measurement device according to claim 4,
The information storage unit stores the wavelength and current-light output characteristics of the light irradiation unit or sensitivity information of the light detection unit as the information.
A biological light measurement device characterized by that. The biological light measurement device according to claim 3,
The optical device module includes a position identification unit that identifies the position of the light irradiation point or the light detection point.
A biological light measurement device characterized by that. The biological light measurement device according to claim 6,
The position identification unit is a magnetic sensor provided in the optical device module.
A biological light measurement device characterized by that. The biological light measurement device according to claim 4,
The central processing unit acquires a combination of the light detection unit and the light irradiation unit that is an irradiation source of light detected by the light detection unit,
A biological light measurement device characterized by that. The biological light measurement device according to claim 4,
The central processing unit sets a signal detection method using an evaluation function value determined by the detection output,
A biological light measurement device characterized by that. The biological light measurement device according to claim 9,
The central processing unit determines the evaluation function value using a detection intensity of the detection output of the light detection unit,
A biological light measurement device characterized by that. The biological light measurement device according to claim 10,
The central processing unit acquires the time average detected light amount or signal-to-noise ratio of the detection output when the optical device module is installed and measured in the subject or standard phantom, and is used as the evaluation function value.
A biological light measurement device characterized by that. The biological light measurement device according to claim 10,
The central processing unit determines an intensity modulation frequency of a light source of the light irradiation unit based on the evaluation function value.
A biological light measurement device characterized by that. The biological light measurement device according to claim 9,
The signal detection method is a continuous light lock-in method, a pseudo continuous light lock-in method, a time division detection method, a time division lock-in method, or a code division modulation method.
A biological light measurement device characterized by that. The biological light measurement device according to claim 9,
Equipped with electronic circuits and elements composed of resistors, capacitors (capacitors), analog ICs as backups,
Switching use and non-use of each element so that the evaluation function value is maximized,
A biological light measurement device characterized by that.

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