JP6433269B2 - Pump reverse turbine type power generator - Google Patents

Pump reverse turbine type power generator Download PDF

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JP6433269B2
JP6433269B2 JP2014244327A JP2014244327A JP6433269B2 JP 6433269 B2 JP6433269 B2 JP 6433269B2 JP 2014244327 A JP2014244327 A JP 2014244327A JP 2014244327 A JP2014244327 A JP 2014244327A JP 6433269 B2 JP6433269 B2 JP 6433269B2
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pressure side
turbine
pump reverse
flow rate
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JP2016108967A (en
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祐治 兼森
祐治 兼森
潘　応康
応康 潘
仁志 村田
仁志 村田
展生 山本
展生 山本
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Torishima Pump Manufacturing Co Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Description

本発明は、ポンプを水車として用いたポンプ逆転水車型発電装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a pump reverse turbine type power generator using a pump as a turbine.

水力発電機では、有効落差に沿った運転の場合、流量は落差に対応して増加し、出力は流量に比例する。そのため、実際の落差が定格落差を越える場合には流量も過大になって、軸動力が過大となり、オーバーロードが発生する。   In a hydroelectric generator, when operating along an effective head, the flow rate increases corresponding to the head, and the output is proportional to the flow rate. Therefore, when the actual head exceeds the rated head, the flow rate becomes excessive, the shaft power becomes excessive, and overload occurs.

これに対して、大型の水力発電装置では、専用の大型水車を用いて運転を行っている。大型水車では、流量が変化した場合でも可動ガイドベーン・ランナ等を備えているので、その開度を調整して出力を制御でき、オーバーロードを抑制できる。   On the other hand, a large hydroelectric generator is operated using a dedicated large turbine. Since the large water turbine is provided with a movable guide vane, runner and the like even when the flow rate changes, the output can be controlled by adjusting the opening degree, and overload can be suppressed.

一方、中型・小型の水力発電装置では、専用の水車ではなく、通常、汎用ポンプを逆回転させて水車とする、いわゆるポンプ逆転水車を使用している（例えば、特許文献１参照。）。   On the other hand, medium-sized and small-sized hydroelectric power generation apparatuses use a so-called reverse pump turbine in which a general-purpose pump is reversely rotated to form a turbine, not a dedicated turbine.

特開２００９−２３５９７３号公報JP 2009-235973 A

しかし、このポンプ逆転水車では、汎用ポンプを流用しているため、ガイドベーン・ランナの開度調整ができない。そのため、実際の落差が定格落差を越える場合には発電機のオーバーロードを抑制するための手段がなかった。   However, since the pump reverse rotation turbine uses a general-purpose pump, the opening degree of the guide vane / runner cannot be adjusted. For this reason, there was no means for suppressing the generator overload when the actual head exceeded the rated head.

本発明の目的は、実際の落差が定格落差を越える場合にも発電機のオーバーロードを抑制できるポンプ逆転水車型発電装置を提供することである。   An object of the present invention is to provide a pump reverse turbine type power generator that can suppress overload of a generator even when an actual head exceeds a rated head.

本発明の第１の態様に係るポンプ逆転水車型発電装置は、高圧側と低圧側との間に設けられたポンプ逆転水車と、
前記高圧側に接続された前記ポンプ逆転水車の水車入口部と、前記低圧側に接続された前記ポンプ逆転水車の水車出口部とを接続し、流量調整弁を有するバイパス流路と、
前記ポンプ逆転水車によって駆動される発電機と、
を備える。 A pump reverse turbine type power generator according to a first aspect of the present invention includes a pump reverse turbine provided between a high pressure side and a low pressure side,
A bypass passage having a flow rate adjustment valve, connecting a turbine inlet of the pump reverse turbine connected to the high pressure side and a turbine outlet of the pump reverse turbine connected to the low pressure side;
A generator driven by the pump reverse turbine,
Is provided.

上記構成によって、実際の落差が定格落差を越える場合にも、余分の流量をバイパス流路に流すことによって、発電機を一定の軸動力及びトルクで運転でき、オーバーロードを抑制できる。また、水車への過負荷によるダメージ発生を抑制でき、水車の振動及び騒音の発生を抑制できる。これによって信頼性が向上する。   With the above configuration, even when the actual head exceeds the rated head, the generator can be operated with constant shaft power and torque by flowing an excess flow rate through the bypass flow path, and overload can be suppressed. In addition, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of damage due to an overload on the water turbine, and to suppress the vibration and noise of the water turbine. This improves the reliability.

第２の態様に係るポンプ逆転水車型発電装置は、上記第１の態様において、前記流量調整弁は、前記高圧側と前記低圧側との落差が所定値を越える場合に開放されるようにしてもよい。   In the pump reverse turbine type power generator according to the second aspect, in the first aspect, the flow rate adjusting valve is opened when a difference between the high pressure side and the low pressure side exceeds a predetermined value. Also good.

上記構成によって、実際の落差が所定値、例えば、定格落差を越えた場合にバイパス流路へ余分の流量を流すことができる。   With the above configuration, when the actual head exceeds a predetermined value, for example, the rated head, an extra flow rate can be allowed to flow into the bypass flow path.

第３の態様に係るポンプ逆転水車型発電装置は、上記第１又は第２の態様において、前記流量調整弁は、前記高圧側と前記低圧側との落差に応じて機械的に開閉する機械式流量調整弁であってもよい。   In the pump reverse turbine type power generator according to the third aspect, in the first or second aspect, the flow rate adjustment valve mechanically opens and closes according to a head difference between the high pressure side and the low pressure side. It may be a flow rate adjusting valve.

第４の態様に係るポンプ逆転水車型発電装置は、上記第１又は第２の態様において、前記流量調整弁は、前記高圧側と前記低圧側との落差に応じて電気的に開閉する電気式流量調整弁であってもよい。   In the pump reverse turbine type power generator according to the fourth aspect, in the first or second aspect, the flow rate adjustment valve is an electric type that opens and closes electrically according to a difference between the high-pressure side and the low-pressure side. It may be a flow rate adjusting valve.

第５の態様に係るポンプ逆転水車型発電装置は、上記第４の態様において、前記電気式流量調整弁は、前記ポンプ逆転水車の回転数に応じて開閉してもよい。   In the pump reverse turbine type power generator according to the fifth aspect, in the fourth aspect, the electric flow rate adjusting valve may be opened and closed according to the rotation speed of the pump reverse turbine.

上記構成によれば、水車出力に直接的に対応するポンプ逆転水車の回転数によって電気式流量調整弁を開閉することによって、より適切に水車出力を調整できる。   According to the said structure, a turbine output can be adjusted more appropriately by opening and closing an electric flow control valve by the rotation speed of the pump reverse rotation turbine directly corresponding to a turbine output.

第６の態様に係るポンプ逆転水車型発電装置は、上記第４の態様において、さらに、前記高圧側及び前記低圧側のそれぞれの圧力を測定する高圧側及び低圧側の２つの圧力センサを備え、
前記流量調整弁は、前記高圧側の圧力センサによる測定値と前記低圧側の圧力センサによる測定値との差である落差に応じて電気的に開閉してもよい。 The pump reverse turbine type power generator according to a sixth aspect is the above-mentioned fourth aspect, further comprising two pressure sensors on the high-pressure side and the low-pressure side for measuring the respective pressures on the high-pressure side and the low-pressure side,
The flow rate adjusting valve may be electrically opened and closed according to a drop which is a difference between a measured value by the high pressure sensor and a measured value by the low pressure sensor.

上記構成によって、実際の落差を高圧側の圧力センサによる測定値と低圧側の圧力センサによる測定値との差によって得ることができる。   With the above configuration, the actual head can be obtained by the difference between the measured value by the high pressure sensor and the measured value by the low pressure sensor.

第７の態様に係るポンプ逆転水車型発電装置は、上記第１から第６のいずれかの態様において、前記バイパス流路は、前記ポンプ逆転水車の前記水車出口部への注水箇所にオリフィスを有してもよい。   In the pump reverse turbine type power generator according to the seventh aspect, in any one of the first to sixth aspects, the bypass passage has an orifice at a water injection point to the water turbine outlet of the pump reverse turbine. May be.

上記構成によって、注水箇所にオリフィスを設けることで注水量を調整でき、その結果、水車性能を調整できる。   With the above configuration, the amount of water injection can be adjusted by providing an orifice at the water injection location, and as a result, the water turbine performance can be adjusted.

第８の態様に係るポンプ逆転水車型発電装置は、上記第１から第７のいずれかの態様において、前記バイパス流路は、前記ポンプ逆転水車の前記水車出口部の水中渦発生領域を注水箇所としてもよい。   In the pump reverse turbine type power generation device according to an eighth aspect, in any one of the first to seventh aspects, the bypass flow path is a submerged vortex generation region at the water turbine outlet of the pump reverse turbine. It is good.

上記構成によって、バイパス流路から水中渦の発生領域に注水することによって水中渦２２の発生を抑制でき、その結果、水車の振動及び騒音の発生を抑制できる。   With the above-described configuration, the generation of the underwater vortex 22 can be suppressed by injecting water from the bypass channel into the underwater vortex generation region, and as a result, the generation of vibration and noise of the water turbine can be suppressed.

第９の態様に係るポンプ逆転水車型発電装置は、上記第１から第８のいずれかの態様において、前記流量調整弁を有する前記バイパス流路は、
前記高圧側と前記低圧側との落差が第１の落差を越える場合に開放される第１の流量調整弁を有する第１のバイパス流路と、
前記高圧側と前記低圧側との落差が第２の落差を越える場合に開放される第２の流量調整弁を有する第２のバイパス流路と、
を含んでもよい。 In the pump reverse turbine type power generator according to the ninth aspect, in any one of the first to eighth aspects, the bypass flow path having the flow rate adjustment valve includes:
A first bypass flow path having a first flow regulating valve that is opened when a head between the high pressure side and the low pressure side exceeds a first head;
A second bypass flow path having a second flow regulating valve that is opened when a head between the high pressure side and the low pressure side exceeds a second head;
May be included.

上記構成によって、異なる２つの仕様点で動作する流量調整弁をそれぞれ有する２つのバイパス流路を設けることによって、仕様の変化についてもバイパス流路の切り替えによって対応できる。   With the above configuration, by providing two bypass flow paths each having a flow rate adjusting valve that operates at two different specification points, it is possible to cope with changes in specifications by switching the bypass flow paths.

第１０の態様に係るポンプ逆転水車型発電装置は、上記第１から第９のいずれかの態様において、前記高圧側と前記低圧側との間に並列に配置された複数のポンプ逆転水車を有し、前記バイパス流路は、前記高圧側と前記低圧側との間に統括的に設けてもよい。   A pump reverse turbine type power generator according to a tenth aspect includes a plurality of pump reverse turbines arranged in parallel between the high pressure side and the low pressure side in any of the first to ninth aspects. And the said bypass flow path may be provided collectively between the said high voltage | pressure side and the said low voltage | pressure side.

上記構成によって、複数の水車を用いることによって、大流量での水力発電にも複数の汎用ポンプを用いたポンプ逆転水車型発電装置によって対応できる。   With the above configuration, by using a plurality of turbines, hydroelectric power generation at a large flow rate can be supported by a pump reverse turbine type power generator using a plurality of general-purpose pumps.

本発明に係るポンプ逆転水車型発電装置によれば、実際の落差が定格落差を越える場合にも、余分の流量をバイパス流路に流すことによって、発電機を一定の軸動力及びトルクで運転でき、オーバーロードを抑制できる。また、水車への過負荷によるダメージ発生を抑制でき、水車の振動及び騒音の発生を抑制できる。これによって信頼性が向上する。   According to the pump reverse turbine type power generator according to the present invention, even when the actual head exceeds the rated head, the generator can be operated with constant shaft power and torque by flowing an excess flow rate into the bypass flow path. Overload can be suppressed. In addition, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of damage due to an overload on the water turbine, and to suppress the vibration and noise of the water turbine. This improves the reliability.

実施の形態１に係るポンプ逆転水車型発電装置の構成を示す概略図である。It is the schematic which shows the structure of the pump reverse rotation turbine type electric power generating apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 1. FIG. ポンプ逆転水車１０の断面構造を示す断面図である。1 is a cross-sectional view showing a cross-sectional structure of a pump reversing turbine 10. 水車の有効落差と流量との関係、及び、水車効率と流量との関係を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the relationship between the effective head of a water turbine, and a flow volume, and the relationship between a turbine efficiency and flow volume. 定格落差Ｈ０を越える落差の場合に定格流量を超える流量調整ΔＱを示すグラフである。If the drop exceeding the nominal drop H 0 is a graph showing the flow rate adjusting ΔQ exceeding the rated flow. バイパス流路において、機械式流量調整弁を用いた一例を示す配置図である。It is a layout view showing an example using a mechanical flow rate adjustment valve in a bypass flow path. 第１の落差（第１の仕様点）で開放される第１の機械式流量調整弁を有する第１のバイパス流路と、第２の落差（第２の仕様点）で開放される第２の機械式流量調整弁を有する第２のバイパス流路と、を有する変形例の配置図である。A first bypass flow path having a first mechanical flow control valve opened at a first drop (first specification point) and a second opened at a second drop (second specification point). FIG. 6 is a layout view of a modified example having a second bypass flow path having a mechanical flow rate adjusting valve of FIG. 実施の形態２に係るポンプ逆転水車型発電装置の構成を示す概略図である。It is the schematic which shows the structure of the pump reverse rotation turbine type electric power generating apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 2. FIG. 実施の形態３に係るポンプ逆転水車型発電装置におけるバイパス流路の水車出口部の注水箇所を示す断面図である。FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing a water injection point at a water turbine outlet of a bypass flow path in a pump reverse turbine type power generator according to Embodiment 3. 実施の形態４に係るポンプ逆転水車型発電装置における発電機を除く構成を示す概略図である。It is the schematic which shows the structure except the generator in the pump reverse rotation turbine type power generator which concerns on Embodiment 4. FIG.

以下、本発明の実施の形態に係るポンプ逆転水車型発電装置について、添付図面を参照しながら説明する。なお、図面において実質的に同一の部材については同一の符号を付している。   DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, a pump reverse turbine type power generator according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, substantially the same members are denoted by the same reference numerals.

（実施の形態１）＜機械式流量調整弁＞
図１は、実施の形態１に係るポンプ逆転水車型発電装置３０の構成を示す概略図である。このポンプ逆転水車型発電装置３０は、高圧側と低圧側との間に設けられたポンプ逆転水車１０と、高圧側に接続されたポンプ逆転水車１０の水車入口部１と、低圧側に接続されたポンプ逆転水車１０の水車出口部２とを接続し、流量調整弁３を有するバイパス流路４と、ポンプ逆転水車１０によって駆動される発電機５と、を備える。具体的には、流量調整弁３は、高圧側と低圧側との落差に応じて機械的に開閉する機械式流量調整弁である。 (Embodiment 1) <Mechanical flow control valve>
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of a pump reverse turbine type power generator 30 according to the first embodiment. This pump reverse turbine type power generator 30 is connected to the pump reverse turbine 10 provided between the high pressure side and the low pressure side, the turbine inlet 1 of the pump reverse turbine 10 connected to the high pressure side, and the low pressure side. And a bypass flow path 4 having a flow rate adjusting valve 3 and a generator 5 driven by the pump reverse rotation turbine 10. Specifically, the flow rate adjusting valve 3 is a mechanical flow rate adjusting valve that opens and closes mechanically in accordance with a drop between the high pressure side and the low pressure side.

図３は、水車の有効落差（ポンプ逆転水車が動力に変換できる落差）と流量との関係、及び、水車効率と流量との関係の一例を示すグラフである。図４は、定格落差Ｈ０を越える落差の場合に定格流量を超える流量調整ΔＱを示すグラフである。
このポンプ逆転水車型発電装置３０によれば、流量調整弁３を有するバイパス流路４を設けているので、高圧側と低圧側との落差が定格落差Ｈ０よりも大きくなった場合にも余分の落差ΔＨに相当する水量ΔＱをバイパス流路４に流すことができ、一定の軸動力とトルクで発電機５を運転できる。
このポンプ逆転水車型発電装置３０では、例えば、図３に示すように水車効率（二点鎖線）の頂点をＡ点として、Ａ点の落差を定格落差Ｈ０としている。Ａ点の定格落差Ｈ０までは有効落差（実線）の曲線をたどり、定格落差をΔＨ越えたＢ点の場合には、その余分の落差ΔＨに対応する余分の流量ΔＱをバイパス流路４に流す。この場合、有効落差（実線）の曲線から実有効落差（一点鎖線）の曲線に移って動作可能であることを意味する。なお、流量の増加と共に水車出力（点線）も増加する。つまり、水車出力（点線）は、流量と正の相関を有する。
これによって実有効落差（一点鎖線）上で、Ｂ点と同じ落差を有する点であっても、定格落差であるＡ点と同じ流量で発電機５を運転でき、オーバーロードを抑制できる。また、水車への過負荷によるダメージ発生を抑制でき、水車の振動及び騒音の発生を抑制できる。これによって信頼性が向上する。 FIG. 3 is a graph showing an example of the relationship between the effective head of the water turbine (the head that can be converted into power by the pump reverse turbine) and the flow rate, and the relationship between the turbine efficiency and the flow rate. FIG. 4 is a graph showing the flow rate adjustment ΔQ exceeding the rated flow rate when the head exceeds the rated head H 0 .
According to the pump reverse turbine type power generator 30, the bypass flow path 4 having the flow rate adjusting valve 3 is provided. Therefore, even when the head between the high pressure side and the low pressure side becomes larger than the rated head H 0 , it is redundant. The amount of water ΔQ corresponding to the drop ΔH can be made to flow through the bypass flow path 4, and the generator 5 can be operated with a constant shaft power and torque.
In the pump reverse turbine type power generator 30, for example, as shown in FIG. 3, the apex of the turbine efficiency (two-dot chain line) is point A, and the drop at point A is the rated drop H 0 . To the rated difference H 0 of the point A follows the curve of the effective head (solid line), in the case of point B beyond ΔH rating drop is an extra flow rate ΔQ corresponding to the extra drop ΔH in the bypass passage 4 Shed. In this case, it means that it is possible to move from the curve of the effective head (solid line) to the curve of the actual head (one-dot chain line). As the flow rate increases, the turbine output (dotted line) also increases. That is, the turbine output (dotted line) has a positive correlation with the flow rate.
As a result, even if it is a point having the same head as point B on the actual effective head (one-dot chain line), the generator 5 can be operated at the same flow rate as point A, which is the rated head, and overload can be suppressed. In addition, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of damage due to an overload on the water turbine, and to suppress the vibration and noise of the water turbine. This improves the reliability.

以下に、このポンプ逆転水車型発電装置３０を構成する部材について説明する。   Below, the member which comprises this pump reverse rotation turbine type power generator 30 is demonstrated.

＜ポンプ逆転水車＞
図２は、ポンプ逆転水車１０の断面構造を示す断面図である。ポンプ逆転水車１０は、高圧側と低圧側との間に設けられる。なお、高圧側と低圧側とは、それぞれ水圧が高圧側及び低圧側との意味であり、例えば、貯水部が高圧側となり、排水部が低圧側となる。あるいは、高低差に関係なく高圧側及び低圧側を有するインライン型であってもよい。
また、ポンプ逆転水車１０は、汎用ポンプを水車として使用するものであり、例えば、図２に示す横軸ポンプを用いることができる、また、ポンプ逆転水車１０としては、横軸ポンプに限られず、インライン型で動作する軸流ポンプを用いてもよい。 <Pump reversing turbine>
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a cross-sectional structure of the pump reverse rotation turbine 10. The pump reverse turbine 10 is provided between the high pressure side and the low pressure side. The high pressure side and the low pressure side mean that the water pressure is a high pressure side and a low pressure side, respectively. For example, the water storage portion is the high pressure side and the drainage portion is the low pressure side. Alternatively, it may be an in-line type having a high pressure side and a low pressure side regardless of the height difference.
Moreover, the pump reverse rotation water turbine 10 uses a general-purpose pump as a water wheel. For example, the horizontal axis pump shown in FIG. 2 can be used. The pump reverse rotation water wheel 10 is not limited to the horizontal axis pump, An axial pump that operates in an in-line type may be used.

このポンプ逆転水車１０は、例えば、図１に示すように、上部ケーシング１３と下部ケーシング１４とを有するケーシング１２を備える。ケーシング１２内には、吸込口１５に連通する吸込室１６と、主軸１１の軸方向の吸込室１６の両側に位置し、吐出口１７に連通する吐出室１８ａ、１８ｂとを有する。また、ケーシング１２内には、内面１９から内側に延び、吸込室１６と吐出室１８ａ、１８ｂとの間をそれぞれ仕切る一対の隔壁２０ａ、２０ｂが設けられている。
主軸１１には、ランナ２１が設けられており、吸込室１６に導入された水によってランナ２１が回転し、主軸１１を回転させる。主軸１１は、発電機５に接続されており、主軸１１が回転することによって発電する。 For example, as shown in FIG. 1, the pump reversing turbine 10 includes a casing 12 having an upper casing 13 and a lower casing 14. The casing 12 includes a suction chamber 16 that communicates with the suction port 15, and discharge chambers 18 a and 18 b that are located on both sides of the suction chamber 16 in the axial direction of the main shaft 11 and communicate with the discharge port 17. In the casing 12, a pair of partition walls 20a and 20b extending from the inner surface 19 to partition between the suction chamber 16 and the discharge chambers 18a and 18b are provided.
The main shaft 11 is provided with a runner 21, and the runner 21 is rotated by the water introduced into the suction chamber 16 to rotate the main shaft 11. The main shaft 11 is connected to the generator 5 and generates power when the main shaft 11 rotates.

＜バイパス流路＞
バイパス流路４は、水車入口部１と水車出口部２とを接続し、流量調整弁３を有する。バイパス流路４の始点である水車入口部１は、例えば、図１に示すように吸込口１５の近傍であってもよく、あるいは、吸込室１６であってもよい。また、バイパス流路４の終点である水車出口部２は、例えば、図１に示すように吐出口１７の近傍であってもよく、あるいは、吐出室１８ａ、１８ｂであってもよい。さらに、バイパス流路４は、水車出口部２への注水箇所にオリフィスを有してもよい。このように注水箇所にオリフィスを設けることで注水量を調整でき、その結果、水車性能を調整できる。
流量調整弁３は、高圧側と低圧側との落差が所定値を越える場合に開放される。また、流量調整弁３は、例えば、図５及び図６に示す、高圧側と低圧側との落差に応じて機械的に開閉する機械式流量調整弁３、３ａ、３ｂ、あるいは、図７に示す電気的に開閉する電気式流量調整弁３ｃであってもよい。さらに、電気式流量調整弁３ｃは、ポンプ逆転水車１０の回転数に応じて開閉するようにしてもよい。ポンプ逆転水車１０の回転数は、間接的な定格落差に比べて水車出力に直接的に対応しており、より適切に水車出力を調整できる。 <Bypass channel>
The bypass channel 4 connects the water turbine inlet 1 and the water turbine outlet 2 and has a flow rate adjusting valve 3. As shown in FIG. 1, the water turbine inlet 1 that is the starting point of the bypass channel 4 may be in the vicinity of the suction port 15 or may be the suction chamber 16. Further, the water turbine outlet 2 which is the end point of the bypass flow path 4 may be, for example, in the vicinity of the discharge port 17 as shown in FIG. 1 or may be the discharge chambers 18a and 18b. Further, the bypass channel 4 may have an orifice at a water injection point to the water turbine outlet 2. Thus, the amount of water injection can be adjusted by providing an orifice at the water injection location, and as a result, the turbine performance can be adjusted.
The flow rate adjusting valve 3 is opened when the difference between the high pressure side and the low pressure side exceeds a predetermined value. The flow rate adjusting valve 3 is, for example, a mechanical flow rate adjusting valve 3, 3 a, 3 b that opens and closes mechanically in accordance with a difference between a high pressure side and a low pressure side, as shown in FIGS. The electric flow control valve 3c that opens and closes electrically may be used. Further, the electric flow rate adjusting valve 3c may be opened and closed according to the rotational speed of the pump reverse rotation turbine 10. The rotation speed of the pump reverse turbine 10 directly corresponds to the turbine output as compared with the indirect rated drop, and the turbine output can be adjusted more appropriately.

図５は、バイパス流路４において、機械式流量調整弁３を用いた一例を示す配置図である。図５では、バイパス流路４は、機械式流量調整弁３への経路と開閉弁６ａへの経路との２つの経路を有する。さらに、機械式流量調整弁３への経路には機械式流量調整弁３の前後に開閉弁６ｂ、６ｃを有する。通常、開閉弁６ａは閉止され、開閉弁６ｂ、６ｃを開放して、機械式流量調整弁３を使用可能にしておく。一方、開閉弁６ａを開放し、開閉弁６ｂ、６ｃを閉止して、機械式流量調整弁３を保守点検、あるいは交換することができる。なお、複数の開閉弁６ａ、６ｂ、６ｃを自動開閉弁として、外部から制御できるようにしてもよい。   FIG. 5 is a layout diagram illustrating an example in which the mechanical flow rate adjusting valve 3 is used in the bypass flow path 4. In FIG. 5, the bypass flow path 4 has two paths, a path to the mechanical flow rate adjusting valve 3 and a path to the on-off valve 6a. Further, the path to the mechanical flow rate adjusting valve 3 has opening / closing valves 6 b and 6 c before and after the mechanical flow rate adjusting valve 3. Normally, the on-off valve 6a is closed, and the on-off valves 6b and 6c are opened to make the mechanical flow rate adjusting valve 3 usable. On the other hand, the on-off valve 6a can be opened, the on-off valves 6b and 6c can be closed, and the mechanical flow control valve 3 can be inspected or replaced. The plurality of on-off valves 6a, 6b, 6c may be controlled from the outside as automatic on-off valves.

図６は、第１の落差（第１の仕様点）で開放される第１の機械式流量調整弁３ａを有する第１のバイパス流路と、第２の落差（第２の仕様点）で開放される第２の機械式流量調整弁３ｂを有する第２のバイパス流路と、を有する変形例の配置図である。図６では、図５の場合と対比すると、さらに第２の落差（第２の仕様点）で開放される第２の機械式流量調整弁３ｂを有する第２のバイパス流路を設けている点で相違する。このように、異なる２つの仕様点で動作する機械式流量調整弁３ａ、３ｂをそれぞれ有する２つのバイパス流路を設けることによって、仕様の変化についてもバイパス流路の切り替えによって対応できる。   FIG. 6 shows a first bypass flow path having a first mechanical flow rate adjusting valve 3a opened at a first head (first specification point) and a second head (second specification point). It is a layout view of a modified example having a second bypass flow path having a second mechanical flow rate regulating valve 3b to be opened. In FIG. 6, in contrast to the case of FIG. 5, a second bypass flow path having a second mechanical flow rate adjusting valve 3 b that is opened at a second drop (second specification point) is further provided. Is different. Thus, by providing two bypass flow paths each having the mechanical flow control valves 3a and 3b operating at two different specification points, it is possible to cope with changes in specifications by switching the bypass flow paths.

＜発電機＞
発電機５は、ポンプ逆転水車１０の主軸１１に接続され、主軸１１の回転によって発電する。発電機５は、通常使用されるものであれば用いることができる。 <Generator>
The generator 5 is connected to the main shaft 11 of the pump reversing turbine 10 and generates power by the rotation of the main shaft 11. The generator 5 can be used as long as it is normally used.

（実施の形態２）
図７は、実施の形態２に係るポンプ逆転水車型発電装置３０ａの構成を示す概略図である。このポンプ逆転水車型発電装置３０ａは、実施の形態１に係るポンプ逆転水車型発電装置と対比すると、バイパス流路４内に流量調整弁として電気的に開閉する電気式流量調整弁３ｃを用いている点で相違する。さらに、このポンプ逆転水車型発電装置３０ａは、バイパス流路４の水車入口部１の圧力Ｐ１を測定する圧力センサ７ａと、水車出口部２の圧力Ｐ２を測定する圧力センサ７ｂとを備え、電気式流量調整弁３ｃは、圧力センサ７ａによって測定した圧力Ｐ１と圧力センサ７ｂによって測定した圧力Ｐ２との圧力差（Ｐ１−Ｐ２）（落差）に応じて電気的に開閉する。ここでは、圧力Ｐ１と圧力Ｐ２との圧力差（Ｐ１−Ｐ２）を落差としている。なお、図７では、圧力センサ７ａ、７ｂからの出力を直接に電気式流量調整弁３ｃに入力して、開閉を制御するように示したが、これに限られず、別に電気式流量調整弁３ｃの開閉を制御する制御部を設けてもよい。
これによって、実際の落差が定格落差を越える場合にも、余分の流量をバイパス流路４に流すことによって、発電機を一定の軸動力及びトルクで運転でき、オーバーロードを抑制できる。また、水車への過負荷によるダメージ発生を抑制でき、水車の振動及び騒音の発生を抑制できる。これによって信頼性が向上する。 (Embodiment 2)
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of a pump reverse turbine type power generator 30a according to the second embodiment. In contrast to the pump reverse turbine type power generator according to the first embodiment, this pump reverse turbine type power generator 30a uses an electric flow rate adjusting valve 3c that opens and closes electrically as a flow rate adjusting valve in the bypass channel 4. Is different. Further, the pump reverse turbine type power generator 30a includes a pressure sensor 7a for measuring the pressure P1 of the water turbine inlet 1 of the bypass passage 4, and a pressure sensor 7b for measuring the pressure P2 of the water turbine outlet 2; The type flow rate adjusting valve 3c is electrically opened and closed according to a pressure difference (P1-P2) (drop) between the pressure P1 measured by the pressure sensor 7a and the pressure P2 measured by the pressure sensor 7b. Here, the pressure difference (P1-P2) between the pressure P1 and the pressure P2 is a drop. In FIG. 7, the output from the pressure sensors 7a and 7b is directly input to the electric flow rate adjusting valve 3c to control the opening and closing. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the electric flow rate adjusting valve 3c is separately provided. You may provide the control part which controls opening and closing of.
As a result, even when the actual head exceeds the rated head, the generator can be operated with a constant shaft power and torque by flowing an excessive flow rate through the bypass flow path 4, and overload can be suppressed. In addition, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of damage due to an overload on the water turbine, and to suppress the vibration and noise of the water turbine. This improves the reliability.

（実施の形態３）
図８は、実施の形態３に係るポンプ逆転水車型発電装置におけるバイパス流路の水車出口部２の注水箇所を示す断面図である。このポンプ逆転水車型発電装置では、実施の形態１及び２に係るポンプ逆転水車型発電装置と対比すると、バイパス流路の水車出口部２から、水中渦２２の発生領域に注水している点で相違する。
ポンプ逆転水車１０では、ランナ２１から吐出室１８ａ、１８ｂに入った箇所の水中に水中渦２２を生じる場合があり、その結果、振動及び騒音を発生することがある。
このポンプ逆転水車型発電装置では、上述の効果に加えて、さらにバイパス流路から水中渦２２の発生領域に注水することによって水中渦２２の発生を抑制でき、その結果、水車の振動及び騒音の発生を抑制できる。 (Embodiment 3)
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing a water injection location of the water turbine outlet 2 of the bypass flow path in the pump reverse turbine type power generator according to the third embodiment. In this pump reverse turbine type power generator, in contrast to the pump reverse turbine type power generator according to the first and second embodiments, water is poured from the water turbine outlet portion 2 of the bypass passage into the generation region of the underwater vortex 22. Is different.
In the pump reversing turbine 10, the underwater vortex 22 may be generated in the water where the runner 21 enters the discharge chambers 18 a and 18 b, and as a result, vibration and noise may be generated.
In this pump reverse turbine type power generator, in addition to the above-described effects, the generation of the underwater vortex 22 can be suppressed by pouring water into the generation region of the underwater vortex 22 from the bypass flow path. As a result, the vibration and noise of the turbine are reduced. Generation can be suppressed.

（実施の形態４）
図９は、実施の形態４に係るポンプ逆転水車型発電装置における発電機を除く構成を示す概略図である。このポンプ逆転水車型発電装置は、実施の形態１から３に係るポンプ逆転水車型発電装置と対比すると、高圧側と低圧側との間に、複数のポンプ逆転水車１０ａ、１０ｂ、１０ｃ、１０ｎを並列に配置し、高圧側と低圧側との間に統括的なバイパス流路４を設けている点で相違する。
このポンプ逆転水車型発電装置によれば、複数の水車１０ａ、１０ｂ、１０ｃ、１０ｎを用いることによって、大流量での水力発電にも複数の汎用ポンプをポンプ逆転水車として用いたポンプ逆転水車型発電装置によって対応できる。なお、各水車への流路に開閉弁を設けることによって全体の流量に応じて稼働させる水車を選択することもできる。また、複数の水車１０ａ、１０ｂ、１０ｃ、１０ｎの合計流量が定格落差での定格流量を超える場合に、余分の流量を統括的なバイパス流路４に流すことによって、発電機を一定の軸動力及びトルクで運転でき、オーバーロードを抑制できる。また、各水車への過負荷によるダメージ発生を抑制でき、水車の振動及び騒音の発生を抑制できる。これによって信頼性が向上する。 (Embodiment 4)
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration excluding the generator in the pump reverse turbine type power generator according to the fourth embodiment. In contrast to the pump reverse turbine type generator according to the first to third embodiments, this pump reverse turbine type power generator includes a plurality of pump reverse turbines 10a, 10b, 10c, 10n between the high pressure side and the low pressure side. The difference is that they are arranged in parallel and a general bypass flow path 4 is provided between the high-pressure side and the low-pressure side.
According to this pump reverse turbine type power generator, by using a plurality of turbines 10a, 10b, 10c, 10n, a pump reverse turbine type power generation using a plurality of general-purpose pumps as a pump reverse turbine for hydropower generation at a large flow rate. Can be supported by the device. It is also possible to select a turbine to be operated according to the overall flow rate by providing an opening / closing valve in the flow path to each turbine. In addition, when the total flow rate of the plurality of water turbines 10a, 10b, 10c, and 10n exceeds the rated flow rate at the rated drop, the excess flow rate is caused to flow through the general bypass flow path 4, thereby causing the generator to have a constant shaft power. And can be operated with torque, and overload can be suppressed. In addition, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of damage due to overload on each turbine, and to suppress the generation of vibration and noise of the turbine. This improves the reliability.

本発明に係るポンプ逆転水車型発電装置によれば、実際の落差が定格落差を越える場合にも、余分の流量をバイパス流路に流すことによって、発電機を一定の軸動力及びトルクで運転でき、オーバーロードを抑制できる。そこで、小型・中型の水力発電装置として有用である。   According to the pump reverse turbine type power generator according to the present invention, even when the actual head exceeds the rated head, the generator can be operated with constant shaft power and torque by flowing an excess flow rate into the bypass flow path. Overload can be suppressed. Therefore, it is useful as a small and medium-sized hydroelectric generator.

１ 水車入口部
２ 水車出口部
３、３ａ、３ｂ 流量調整弁（機械式流量調整弁）
３ｃ 電気式流量調整弁
４ バイパス流路
５ 発電機
６ａ、６ｂ、６ｃ、６ｄ 開閉弁
７ａ、７ｂ 圧力センサ
１０、１０ａ、１０ｂ、１０ｃ、１０ｃ ポンプ逆転水車
１１ 主軸
１２ ケーシング
１３ 上部ケーシング
１４ 下部ケーシング
１５ 吸込口
１６ 吸込室
１７ 吐出口
１８ａ、１８ｂ 吐出室
１９ 内面
２０ａ、２０ｂ 隔壁
２１ ランナ
２２ 水中渦
３０、３０ａ ポンプ逆転水車型発電装置 1 Water wheel inlet 2 Water wheel outlet 3, 3a, 3b Flow rate adjustment valve (mechanical flow rate adjustment valve)
3c Electric flow control valve 4 Bypass passage 5 Generator 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d On-off valve 7a, 7b Pressure sensor 10, 10a, 10b, 10c, 10c Pump reversing turbine 11 Main shaft 12 Casing 13 Upper casing 14 Lower casing 15 Suction port 16 Suction chamber 17 Discharge port 18a, 18b Discharge chamber 19 Inner surface 20a, 20b Bulkhead 21 Runner 22 Submerged vortex 30, 30a Pump reverse turbine type power generator

Claims (10)

高圧側と低圧側との間に設けられたポンプ逆転水車と、
前記高圧側に接続された前記ポンプ逆転水車の水車入口部と、前記低圧側に接続された前記ポンプ逆転水車の水車出口部とを接続し、流量調整弁を有するバイパス流路と、
前記ポンプ逆転水車によって駆動される発電機と、
を備え、
前記ポンプ逆転水車は、
ランナを有し、前記発電機と接続されている主軸と、
吸込口に連通する吸込室と、吐出口に連通する吐出室と、を有するケーシングと、
を含み、
前記水車出口部は、前記吐出室である、ポンプ逆転水車型発電装置。 A pump reverse turbine provided between the high pressure side and the low pressure side;
A bypass passage having a flow rate adjustment valve, connecting a turbine inlet of the pump reverse turbine connected to the high pressure side and a turbine outlet of the pump reverse turbine connected to the low pressure side;
A generator driven by the pump reverse turbine,
Equipped with a,
The pump reverse turbine is
A spindle having a runner and connected to the generator;
A casing having a suction chamber communicating with the suction port, and a discharge chamber communicating with the discharge port;
Including
The water turbine outlet portion is the pump reverse turbine type power generator , which is the discharge chamber . 前記流量調整弁は、前記高圧側と前記低圧側との落差が所定値を越える場合に開放される、請求項１に記載のポンプ逆転水車型発電装置。   2. The pump reverse turbine type power generation device according to claim 1, wherein the flow rate adjusting valve is opened when a difference between the high pressure side and the low pressure side exceeds a predetermined value. 前記流量調整弁は、前記高圧側と前記低圧側との落差に応じて機械的に開閉する機械式流量調整弁である、請求項１又は２に記載のポンプ逆転水車型発電装置。   3. The pump reverse turbine type power generator according to claim 1, wherein the flow rate adjusting valve is a mechanical flow rate adjusting valve that mechanically opens and closes according to a difference between the high pressure side and the low pressure side. 前記流量調整弁は、前記高圧側と前記低圧側との落差に応じて電気的に開閉する電気式流量調整弁である、請求項１又は２に記載のポンプ逆転水車型発電装置。   3. The pump reverse turbine type power generator according to claim 1, wherein the flow rate adjustment valve is an electric flow rate adjustment valve that opens and closes electrically according to a difference between the high pressure side and the low pressure side. 前記流量調整弁は、前記ポンプ逆転水車の回転数に応じて開閉する電気式流量調整弁である、請求項１又は２に記載のポンプ逆転水車型発電装置。 Before Symbol flow amount adjusting valve is an electric flow control valve that opens and closes according to the rotation speed of the pump reverse rotation impeller, the pump reverse rotation impeller type power generator according to claim 1 or 2. さらに、前記高圧側及び前記低圧側のそれぞれの圧力を測定する高圧側及び低圧側の２つの圧力センサを備え、
前記流量調整弁は、前記高圧側の圧力センサによる測定値と前記低圧側の圧力センサによる測定値との差である落差に応じて電気的に開閉する、請求項４に記載のポンプ逆転水車型発電装置。 Furthermore, two pressure sensors on the high pressure side and the low pressure side for measuring the respective pressures on the high pressure side and the low pressure side are provided,
5. The pump reverse rotation turbine type according to claim 4, wherein the flow rate adjusting valve is electrically opened and closed according to a drop which is a difference between a measured value by the high pressure side pressure sensor and a measured value by the low pressure side pressure sensor. Power generation device. 前記バイパス流路は、前記ポンプ逆転水車の前記水車出口部への注水箇所にオリフィスを有する、請求項１から６のいずれか一項に記載のポンプ逆転水車型発電装置。   The pump reverse turbine type power generator according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the bypass passage has an orifice at a water injection point to the water turbine outlet of the pump reverse turbine. 前記バイパス流路は、前記ポンプ逆転水車の前記水車出口部の水中渦発生領域を注水箇所とする、請求項１から７のいずれか一項に記載のポンプ逆転水車型発電装置。   The pump reverse rotation turbine type power generator according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the bypass channel uses a submerged vortex generation region at a water turbine outlet of the pump reverse rotation turbine as a water injection point. 前記流量調整弁を有する前記バイパス流路は、
前記高圧側と前記低圧側との落差が第１の落差を越える場合に開放される第１の流量調整弁を有する第１のバイパス流路と、
前記高圧側と前記低圧側との落差が第２の落差を越える場合に開放される第２の流量調整弁を有する第２のバイパス流路と、
を含む、請求項１から８のいずれか一項に記載のポンプ逆転水車型発電装置。 The bypass flow path having the flow rate adjustment valve,
A first bypass flow path having a first flow regulating valve that is opened when a head between the high pressure side and the low pressure side exceeds a first head;
A second bypass flow path having a second flow regulating valve that is opened when a head between the high pressure side and the low pressure side exceeds a second head;
The pump reverse rotation turbine type electric power generating apparatus as described in any one of Claim 1 to 8 containing these. 前記高圧側と前記低圧側との間に並列に配置された複数のポンプ逆転水車を有し、前記バイパス流路は、前記高圧側と前記低圧側との間に統括的に設けられた、請求項１から９のいずれか一項に記載のポンプ逆転水車型発電装置。   A plurality of pump reversing water turbines arranged in parallel between the high-pressure side and the low-pressure side, wherein the bypass flow path is integrally provided between the high-pressure side and the low-pressure side. Item 10. The pump reverse turbine type power generator according to any one of Items 1 to 9.
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