JP6413368B2 - Method for manufacturing pneumatic tire having hook-and-loop fastener in tire lumen - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a pneumatic tire having a hook-and-loop fastener in a tire lumen.

  More specifically, a method of manufacturing a pneumatic tire provided with a hook-and-loop fastener for attaching a desired object to the tire lumen by mechanical engagement, particularly improving the basic engagement force by the hook-and-loop fastener. And, in addition, it is possible to counteract the force to release the engagement state of the surface fastener caused by the rolling of the pneumatic tire, and as a result, mechanical engagement by the surface fastener is achieved. The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a pneumatic tire having a hook-and-loop fastener in a tire lumen, which can be realized more firmly and over a longer period of time.

  There has been proposed a pneumatic tire in which a hook-and-loop fastener for attaching a desired functional object or the like in a tire is provided in the tire lumen.

  When manufacturing a pneumatic tire in which such a hook-and-loop fastener member is provided on the inner surface of the tire and a functional object is attached to the inner cavity using the hook-and-loop fastener, the most important thing to note is that the hook-and-loop fastener member is attached to the inner surface of the tire. It is to manufacture so that the engaging element of a hook-and-loop fastener is not crushed when joining to.

  The engaging element of the hook-and-loop fastener has a fine hook shape or a fine loop shape, and the elements intersect between the fine engaging elements. The space portion is formed so that it can be bent or moderately bent. If the intermediate portion or the like is crushed from the tip of the engagement element, the original physical engagement force by the engagement element is reduced. It is because it becomes impossible to fully demonstrate.

  In general, the joining of the surface fastener member to the tire inner surface is usually performed simultaneously with the vulcanization molding of the pneumatic tire.

  Therefore, it is particularly important to prevent the engaging element of the hook-and-loop fastener from being crushed by receiving the pressure and heat of the vulcanization bladder during the vulcanization molding of the tire. Various proposals have also been made (Patent Documents 1-4).

  Specifically, it has been proposed that the engaging element of the hook-and-loop fastener is buried in a rubber layer or covered with rubber and used for a vulcanization molding process (Patent Document 1-2). However, in such a proposal, if the engaging elements are crushed together with the rubber, the expected effect cannot be obtained, or it is necessary to remove the engaging elements and the rubber. There is a possibility that the form and physical properties of the engaging element may be impaired, which is not sufficient.

  Further, although it has been proposed to provide a protrusion along the region where the engaging element is provided (Patent Document 3-4), it is sufficient in terms of directly preventing the engaging element of the hook-and-loop fastener from being crushed. It could not be said.

JP 2008-272594 A JP 2009-154320 A JP 2012-11986 JP 2013-10324 A

  In view of the above-described points, a first object of the present invention is a method for manufacturing a pneumatic tire provided with a hook-and-loop fastener for attaching a desired object to a tire lumen by mechanical engagement. In particular, a pneumatic tire having a hook-and-loop fastener in the tire lumen, which can satisfactorily prevent occurrence of crushing of an engaging element of the hook-and-loop fastener and sufficiently obtain the basic engaging force of the hook-and-loop fastener. It is in providing the manufacturing method of.

  Furthermore, the second object of the present invention is to achieve the above-mentioned first object and against the force acting to release the engagement state of the hook-and-loop fastener generated with the rolling of the pneumatic tire. The surface fastener has a hook-and-loop fastener in the tire lumen that can sufficiently compete and maintain and exert the engagement state of the hook-and-loop fastener having a large mechanical engagement force that achieves the first object described above over a long period of time. It is providing the manufacturing method of a pneumatic tire.

  The manufacturing method of the pneumatic tire which has a hook_and_loop | surface fastener in the tire lumen of this invention which achieves the 1st objective mentioned above has the structure of following (1).

(1) surface fastener member is installed in advance in the adhesive rubber layer, further, by forming a green tire structures pasted an adhesive rubber layer said surface fastener member is disposed on the inner surface of the inner liner layer, and thereafter, the The green tire is subjected to a vulcanization molding process in a state where the protective member of the engaging element of the surface fastener member is disposed on the tire lumen side of the surface fastener member, and after the vulcanization molding, A method for producing a pneumatic tire having a hook-and-loop fastener in a tire lumen, wherein the protective member of the engagement element is removed to obtain a pneumatic tire having a hook-and-loop fastener member installed on the tire lumen surface, The hook-and-loop type hook-and-loop fastener is installed in the tire lumen, and the protective member of the hook-and-loop fastener engaging element is hooked. And loop type method for producing a pneumatic tire having surface fasteners on tire cavity, characterized in that those forms the other surface fastener.

In the method for producing a pneumatic tire having a hook-and-loop fastener in the tire lumen of the present invention, the following (2 ) is preferable.
(2) The hook-and-loop type hook member is formed by the hook-and-loop type hook material, and the hook-and-loop type protective member of the hook-and-loop engaging element is used. method for producing a pneumatic tire having a tire cavity on a surface fastener according to (1), characterized in that those forms a surface fastener of the loop material.

Moreover, the manufacturing method of the pneumatic tire which has a surface fastener in the tire lumen of this invention which achieves the 2nd objective mentioned above has the structure of following (3) or (4) .
(3) Forming a green tire having a structure in which a hook-and-loop fastener member is previously installed on the adhesive rubber layer, and further the adhesive rubber layer on which the hook-and-loop fastener member is set is attached to the inner surface of the inner liner layer. The green tire is subjected to a vulcanization molding process in a state where the protective member of the engaging element of the surface fastener member is disposed on the tire lumen side of the surface fastener member, and after the vulcanization molding, A method for producing a pneumatic tire having a hook-and-loop fastener in a tire lumen, wherein the protective member of the engagement element is removed to obtain a pneumatic tire having a hook-and-loop fastener member installed on the tire lumen surface, said surface fastener member is disposed within the lumen of the pneumatic tire is a plurality, the plurality several surface fastener member, it is placed in an intermittent discontinuity on the tire circumferential direction The protective member for the hook-and-loop fastener engaging element is a continuous member in the tire circumferential direction, and the protective member for the hook-and-loop fastener engaging element is intermittently installed in the tire circumferential direction. of the position corresponding to the spacing of the surface fastener member with each other, releasing a convex member of a pneumatic tire having surface fasteners on the characteristics and to filter unpleasant lumen that those provided intermittently Production method.
(4) The releasing projection-like member, the surface fastener on the tire inner cavity according to (3), characterized in that those forms a hook material of a hook-and-loop surface fastener The manufacturing method of the pneumatic tire which has .

Moreover, in the manufacturing method of the pneumatic tire which has a surface fastener in the tire lumen in any one of (1)- (4) mentioned above, the pneumatic tire which has a surface fastener in a tire lumen with especially good production efficiency As a production method, the production method described in the following (5) is preferable.
(5) After forming a wide surface fastener member on a wide adhesive rubber layer in advance when molding a green tire having a structure in which the adhesive rubber layer on which the surface fastener member is installed is attached to the inner surface of the inner liner layer The above-mentioned (1) to (4) , wherein the wide hook-and-loop fastener member and the wide adhesive rubber layer are cut and narrowed below the direction of the cutting line extending in the tire circumferential direction. The manufacturing method of the pneumatic tire which has a surface fastener in the tire lumen in any one.

  According to the method for manufacturing a pneumatic tire having a hook-and-loop fastener in the tire lumen according to the first aspect of the present invention, it is possible to satisfactorily prevent occurrence of collapse of the engaging element of the hook-and-loop fastener, and the basic feature of the hook-and-loop fastener. It is possible to realize a method for manufacturing a pneumatic tire having a hook-and-loop fastener in the tire lumen, which can obtain a sufficient engagement force.

In particular, according to the manufacturing method of a pneumatic tire having a tire cavity in the surface fastener of the present invention according to claim 2, can be more clearly larger exhibit the effect obtained by the method of the present invention according to claim 1, the tire The manufacturing method of the pneumatic tire which has a hook_and_loop | surface fastener in an internal cavity is realizable.

Moreover, according to the manufacturing method of the pneumatic tire which has a surface fastener in the tire lumen of this invention concerning the structure of Claim 3 or Claim 4 , the manufacturing method of the pneumatic tire of this invention concerning Claim 1 mentioned above The present invention according to claim 1 is capable of sufficiently resisting the force of releasing the engagement state of the hook-and-loop fastener generated with the rolling of the pneumatic tire. The manufacturing method of the pneumatic tire which has a hook_and_loop | surface fastener in a tire lumen | bore which can maintain the engagement state and engagement force of a hook_and_loop | surface fastener with big mechanical engagement force over a long period of time can be implement | achieved.

Furthermore, according to the manufacturing method of the pneumatic tire having the surface fastener in the tire lumen of the present invention according to the configuration of claim 5 , the surface of the tire lumen of the present invention effective for simplification and efficiency of the processing process. The manufacturing method of the pneumatic tire which has a fastener is realizable.

  By exhibiting each of the above-described effects, according to the present invention, the pneumatic tire having a hook-and-loop fastener for attaching a desired specific functional object to the lumen of the pneumatic tire by mechanical engagement, When a specific functional object is engaged with or attached to the tire lumen, the engagement state can be exerted for a longer time under a larger engagement force and for a long time. A method of manufacturing a pneumatic tire that can enjoy the effect of attaching a specific functional object is provided.

(A), (b), (c) all explain an embodiment example of a method for manufacturing a pneumatic tire having a hook-and-loop fastener in the tire lumen according to the present invention, on the inner surface of the tire tread portion. It is the expanded view which developed and showed the state for the whole periphery which attaches a hook-and-loop fastener member. (A), (b), (c) all explain an embodiment of a method for producing a pneumatic tire having a hook-and-loop fastener in the tire lumen according to the present invention, and (a), (b) ), Corresponding to (c), is a side development view showing a model of a state in which the entire circumference of the inner surface of the tire tread portion is developed and viewed from the side direction. DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Embodiments of a manufacturing method of a pneumatic tire having a hook-and-loop fastener in a tire lumen according to the present invention will be described. In particular, a pneumatic tire is manufactured by the method shown in FIGS. 1 (b) and 2 (b). FIG. 3 shows an example of a preferred embodiment when the manufacturing method of FIG. 2 is implemented, and similarly to FIG. 2, the entire circumference of the inner surface of the tire tread portion is developed and the state viewed from the side is shown as a model. FIG. The example of the embodiment of the pneumatic tire obtained by the manufacturing method of the pneumatic tire concerning the present invention is explained, and the state of the hook-and-loop fastener member provided in the tire inner surface is shown. A specific method that can be employed when carrying out the method for manufacturing a pneumatic tire according to the present invention will be described, and an example method for obtaining an adhesive rubber layer provided with a hook-and-loop fastener member will be described.

  Hereinafter, the method for manufacturing a pneumatic tire having a hook-and-loop fastener in the tire lumen according to the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings.

  The method for manufacturing a pneumatic tire having a hook-and-loop fastener in the tire lumen of the present invention is a method for manufacturing a pneumatic tire having a hook-and-loop fastener in the tire lumen, and is shown in FIG. 1 (a), FIG. 1 (b) or As shown in FIG. 1 (c), the hook-and-loop fastener member 2 is previously installed on the adhesive rubber layer 3, and the adhesive rubber layer 3 on which the hook-and-loop fastener member 2 is installed is used as an inner liner layer (tire lumen surface). A green tire having a structure attached to the inner surface of 1 is molded, and then the green tire (not shown) is used as shown in FIG. 2 (a), FIG. 2 (b) or FIG. 2 (c). The surface fastener member 2 is subjected to a vulcanization molding process in a state where the protective member 4 of the engaging element of the surface fastener member 2 is disposed on the tire lumen side, and after the vulcanization molding, Remove protection member 4 of fastener engaging element Rukoto by, characterized in that to obtain the pneumatic tire installed surface fastener member 1 inner liner layer (luminal surface in a tire).

  In the method of the present invention, two aspects of attaching the hook-and-loop fastener member to the inner surface of the tire tread portion will be described. As shown in FIG. 1A, the hook-and-loop fastener member 2 is continuously attached to the tire circumferential direction to some extent. Can be provided. In this case, the hook-and-loop fastener member 2 is partially joined to the adhesive rubber layer 3 so as to be able to follow the adhesive rubber layer 3 that expands in accordance with the molding lift, and in order to secure a stretch margin. It is preferable that the hook-and-loop fastener member 2 is used by being slackened, and further, the hook-and-loop fastener member 2 that can be stretched to some extent is used.

  Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 1B and FIG. 1C, a plurality of hook-and-loop fastener members 2 are used, and the hook-and-loop fastener members are arranged intermittently in the tire circumferential direction over the entire tire circumference. You can do it. In this case, disengagement between the loop material and the hook material of the object attached to the surface fastener member can be suppressed by disposing the surface fastener member discontinuously in the circumferential direction. Loop material / hook generated due to the circumferential deflection even when the circumferential deflection of the tire tread is repeatedly generated due to the rolling of the tire due to the fact that there is no continuous surface fastener in the circumferential direction. This is because the shearing force acting between the materials can be divided and relaxed. 1B shows an example in which the longitudinal direction of the hook-and-loop fastener 2 is arranged in the tire width direction, and FIG. 1C shows the longitudinal direction of the hook-and-loop fastener 2 in the tire circumferential direction. It is an example arranged in the direction.

  The structure shown in FIGS. 1 (b) and 1 (c) is a tire having a tire size in which the above-described shearing force is particularly large compared to other tires and the tread portion deflection during tire rolling is large. (Typically, it is effective for tires having a flatness ratio of 50% or more, and tires having a flatness ratio of 60% or more). This is because the large shearing force generated by the deflection is divided and received by the individual surface fasteners.

The rows of hook-and-loop fasteners form a plurality of parallel rows in any of the continuous mode (FIG. 1 (a)) and the discontinuous mode (FIG. 1 (b), FIG. 1 (c)). In addition, in the case where the surface fasteners are provided in a discontinuous manner, the phase of the position where the hook-and-loop fastener is present may be a plurality of rows that are provided so as to be shifted in parallel.

  In the present invention, the adhesive rubber layer 3 refers to a rubber layer which is vulcanized and joined to the inner liner layer (which forms the tire lumen surface) 1 during vulcanization molding of a tire. The protective member 4 for the engaging element of the hook-and-loop fastener member 2 is disposed on the hook-and-loop fastener member 2 at least when it is used in the vulcanization molding process. Specifically, it is preferably a protective member having a three-dimensional shape capable of three-dimensionally intersecting with the engaging element of the hook-and-loop fastener member 2, and itself has the other engaging element of the hook-and-loop fastener. Is preferred. That is, in the present invention, a preferable aspect is that the surface fastener member 2 installed in the tire lumen forms one of hook-and-loop surface fasteners, and the protective member 4 of the engaging element of the surface fastener includes: This is the other of hook and loop type surface fasteners.

  The protective member 4 of the hook-and-loop fastener engaging element is removed after the hook-and-loop fastener is subjected to a vulcanization molding process in a state where the hook-and-loop fastener engaging elements are engaged with each other. Thus, it is possible to obtain a pneumatic tire in which the hook-and-loop fastener member 2 that can withstand the pressure and high temperature applied from the bladder during vulcanization molding and does not cause the engagement elements to be crushed is installed.

According to the knowledge of the present inventors, the hook-and-loop type hook-and-loop type hook is particularly suitable for obtaining a pneumatic tire in which the engagement element is not crushed. It is preferable that the protective member 4 of the hook-and-loop type hook-and-loop type hook-and-loop fastener is formed. In the present invention, the purpose is to install the hook-and-loop fastener member 2 in the tire lumen, and the vulcanization molding is more effective when the hook material is installed on the tire lumen side than when the loop material is used. This is because the results are generally less crushed. However, the present invention is not limited only to that case, and the reverse case may be used. If it can be produced without causing even crushing, the hook-and-loop type hook-and-loop type fastener is installed in the tire lumen. It may be a loop material.

  As shown in FIGS. 1B and 2B, there are a plurality of hook-and-loop fastener members installed in the lumen of the pneumatic tire. In the case of being installed in a discontinuous discontinuous state on the direction, as shown in FIG. 3, the protective member 4 of the engaging element of the surface fastener is a continuous member in the tire circumferential direction, The release convex member 44 is intermittently provided at a position corresponding to the interval between the plurality of surface fastener members 2 intermittently installed in the tire circumferential direction on the protective member 4 of the hook-and-loop fastener engaging element. Is preferably provided. By comprising in this way, the removal of the protection member 4 of the engaging element of the hook-and-loop fastener performed after vulcanization molding becomes easy.

  The releasing convex member 44 may be a hook-and-loop type hook-and-loop type fastener, and the hook-and-loop type hook-and-loop member 2 installed in the tire lumen is hooked as described above. When the hook and loop type hook material is used, and the protective member 4 of the hook and loop type hook and loop fastener is the hook and loop type hook and loop fastener It is preferable to form a hook material for a loop type surface fastener. In this case, the release convex member 44 can also be attached to the protective member 4 by the function and function of the hook-and-loop fastener, and various tire sizes and the number of hook-and-loop fastener members installed on the tire lumen side, It can be used integrally as the protective member 4 of the engaging element of the hook-and-loop fastener to which the release convex member 44 is attached so as to be appropriately adapted to the situation such as the interval, and management of the member is facilitated It has an effect on cost reduction and the like.

  In the present invention, when the hook-and-loop fastener member 2 is divided and provided at a plurality of locations, the number of installation is preferably 8 or more and more preferably 8 or more and 42 or less with respect to the entire circumference. More preferably, the number is not less than 12 and not more than 26 in consideration of the engagement force and the processing time / cost. The hook-and-loop method, which is recognized as a so-called loop material and hook material, is best adopted as the hook-and-loop fastener member, but it does not form a complete hook shape and loop shape. A thing may be adopted. In order to obtain a reliable engagement force, the number of hooks or loops is preferably 4000 or more for the entire tire. More preferably, it is 5000 to 40000 in the whole tire.

  In the present invention, as described above, the hook-and-loop surface fastener member 2 is preferably a hook-and-loop type hook-and-loop fastener member, and in that case, the hook-side member is installed on the tire side, and The tire-side surface fastener member (hook-side member) is made of resin and includes an engagement element on the tire lumen side and an anchor element on the tire outer peripheral side, and the anchor element bites into a rubber layer on the tire inner surface. It is preferable to be made. An example of this structure is shown in FIG. In FIG. 4, 5 is an engaging element, 6 is an anchor element, 3 is an adhesive rubber layer, and 7 is an inner liner layer.

  Further, when installing the hook-and-loop fastener member 2 on the adhesive rubber layer 3, as shown in the model of FIG. 5, the hook-and-loop fastener member having a wide width such as almost the entire width of the wide adhesive rubber layer 3 As shown in FIGS. 1 (a) to 1 (c), the width is reduced to a desired width along the cutting line 8 extending in the tire circumferential direction shown in FIG. A complex of strip-like adhesive rubber layer and hook-and-loop fastener member can be obtained. This method is effective for simplifying and improving the processing process.

  In the present invention, an object attached to the tire lumen via the hook-and-loop fastener member 2 is not particularly limited, and is, for example, a sound absorbing material, a vibration damping material, an electronic component, or a run-flat core.

  A total of six types of pneumatic tires were produced from pneumatic tires having hook-and-loop fasteners in the tire lumens by the method of the present invention (Examples 1 and 2) and the methods other than the present invention (Comparative Examples 1 to 4). .

Example 1, Example 2,
Each test tire has a tire size of 215 / 60R16 95H. In Example 1, the hook-and-loop fastener shown in FIGS. 1 (a) and 2 (a) is a continuous type, and in Example 2, FIG. ), The hook-and-loop fastener shown in FIG. 2B is a discontinuous intermittent continuous type. In the first and second embodiments, the hook-and-loop type hook material is used as the hook-and-loop type hook material, and the hook-and-loop type protective member 4 is used as the hook-and-loop engaging element. What used the loop material of a hook_and_loop | surface fastener was used. As for the protective member 4 of the engaging element of the hook-and-loop fastener used, the continuous type is the one shown in FIG. 2, and the intermittent type is joined to the protective member 4 with the hook-and-loop fastener shown in FIG. The mold has a mold release convex member 44.

Comparative Examples 1 to 4
Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 correspond to Example 1 and Example 2, respectively, but do not use any protective member for the engaging element of the hook-and-loop fastener.

  Comparative Example 3 and Comparative Example 4 correspond to Example 1 and Example 2, respectively, but do not use any protective member for the engaging element of the hook-and-loop fastener, but are described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-272594. According to the method, the engaging element of the hook-and-loop fastener is buried in rubber.

  In each example and comparative example, a rubber composition containing a phenolic resin was used as the adhesive rubber, and a pneumatic tire having a hook-and-loop fastener provided in the lumen was obtained in a normal pneumatic tire vulcanization molding process.

  Using a hook-and-loop fastener, a sound-absorbing material made of urethane foam (a hook-and-loop loop fastener loop member is affixed and fixed) to the lumen of each test tire obtained A running test was conducted after wearing. Each test tire was tested for continuous running for 80 hours at a running speed of 80 km / hour (tire pressure of 150 Pa, load load of 5 kN).

  After each test run, when the engagement state of the hook-and-loop fastener in each test tire was checked, it was confirmed that the peeling of the engagement (detachment of the hook material and the loop material) and dropping of the test object occurred in the comparative example product. However, nothing was recognized in Example 1 and 2 of the present invention.

1: Inner liner layer (tire lumen surface)
2: hook-and-loop fastener member 3: adhesive rubber layer 4: protective member 44 of the hook-and-loop fastener engaging member: convex member for release 5: engaging element 6: anchor element 7: inner liner layer 8: cutting line

Claims (5)

It established the surface fastener member in advance in the adhesive rubber layer, and further, by forming a green tire structures pasted an adhesive rubber layer said surface fastener member is disposed on the inner surface of the inner liner layer, and thereafter, the green tire The hook-and-loop fastener engaging element is subjected to a vulcanization molding process in a state in which a protective member for the hook-and-loop fastener engaging element is disposed on the tire lumen side of the hook-and-loop fastener member, the protective member is removed, a method of manufacturing a pneumatic tire having surface fasteners on the tire inner cavity, characterized in that to obtain the pneumatic tire installed surface fastener member to the tire cavity surface,
The hook-and-loop type hook-and-loop fastener is configured as one of hook-and-loop hook-and-loop fasteners, and the hook-and-loop hook-and-loop protective member is a hook-and-loop hook-and-loop fastener. A method for manufacturing a pneumatic tire having a hook-and-loop fastener in a tire lumen, characterized in that the other is formed . The hook-and-loop type hook fastener is used as the hook-and-loop hook material, and the hook-and-loop hook-and-loop protective member is used as the hook-and-loop hook element. The method for manufacturing a pneumatic tire having a hook-and-loop fastener in a tire lumen according to claim 1 , wherein: A green tire having a structure in which a hook-and-loop fastener member is previously set on the adhesive rubber layer and the adhesive rubber layer on which the hook-and-loop fastener member is set is attached to the inner surface of the inner liner layer is molded, and then the green tire is The hook-and-loop fastener engaging element is subjected to a vulcanization molding process in a state in which a protective member for the hook-and-loop fastener engaging element is disposed on the tire lumen side of the hook-and-loop fastener member, A method for producing a pneumatic tire having a hook-and-loop fastener in a tire lumen, characterized in that a protective tire is removed to obtain a pneumatic tire in which a hook-and-loop fastener member is installed on the surface of the tire lumen.
Said surface fastener member is disposed within the lumen of the pneumatic tire is a plurality, the plurality several surface fastener member, Ri Na is installed in intermittent discontinuity on the tire circumferential direction, the surface The protective member for the engaging element of the fastener is a continuous member in the tire circumferential direction, and the protective member for the engaging element of the surface fastener is the plurality of surface fasteners intermittently installed in the tire circumferential direction. method for producing a pneumatic tire having surface fasteners on the characteristics and to filter unpleasant lumen that a position corresponding to the spacing of each other member, the releasing projection member in which is provided intermittently. The pneumatic tire having a hook-and-loop fastener in a tire lumen according to claim 3, wherein the convex member for releasing is a hook material of a hook-and-loop type hook-and-loop fastener. Manufacturing method. When forming a green tire having a structure in which the adhesive rubber layer on which the hook-and-loop fastener member is installed is attached to the inner surface of the inner liner layer, after the wide hook-and-loop fastener member is installed on the wide adhesive rubber layer in advance, The tire according to any one of claims 1 to 4 , wherein the wide hook-and-loop fastener member and the wide adhesive rubber layer are cut and narrowed under the direction of a cutting line extending in the direction. A method for manufacturing a pneumatic tire having a hook-and-loop fastener in an inner cavity .

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