JP6409571B2 - piano - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a piano capable of changing acoustic characteristics.

  A piano is a musical instrument that generates sound by vibration of a string generated when a hammer is struck by an operation of a keyboard on a string disposed inside a casing surrounded by side plates. In addition, an upper opening of the piano housing is normally installed so that it can be opened and closed after the roof. After the roof, when the piano is stored without being played, it is leveled to protect the space inside the casing, covers the upper opening of the casing, and the upper opening of the casing is closed. Further, at the time of performance, in order to efficiently radiate the sound generated by the vibration of the strings to the space, one end after the roof is lifted by the protruding rod, and the upper opening of the housing is opened.

  However, even in the closed state where the back of the roof is leveled, sound is generated by operating the piano keyboard. However, the timbre and acoustic characteristics of the sound produced by the piano differ between when the roof is placed horizontally and closed, and when one end of the roof is lifted and opened. For example, in the closed state, a phenomenon in which the primary reflected sound generated by the sound generated from the strings reflected after the roof and the sound directly generated by the strings that are the sound generators is more strongly generated than in the open state, It is known that the timbre differs between the closed state and the open state (see, for example, Patent Document 3).

Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 61-034558 JP 2003-186476 A JP 2013-137414 A

  On the other hand, a technique for converting the sound of a piano into an electric signal by a pickup and processing the converted electric signal is known (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2). Even when the sound produced by the piano is converted into an electric signal by such a pickup, an electric signal having different acoustic characteristics between the closed state and the open state can be obtained.

  Thus, as one of the problems of the present invention, a piano that detects either a closed state or an open state and corrects acoustic characteristics is provided.

  As one embodiment of the present invention, an upper opening of a casing surrounded by a side plate, a pickup that acquires vibrations of a sounding body disposed inside the casing and converts it into an electrical signal, and the upper opening The pickup is detected in response to the detection by the opening detection unit, the opening detection unit for detecting the degree of the opening of the upper opening after the roof, which is connected to the housing in a freely openable / closable manner Provided is a piano having a correction unit for correcting an electric signal.

  According to the piano according to an embodiment of the present invention, at least one of the upper opening of the housing can be detected in the closed state or the open state, and the acoustic characteristics can be corrected.

1 is a perspective view of a piano according to an embodiment of the present invention. 1 is a perspective view of a piano according to an embodiment of the present invention. 1 is a perspective view of a piano according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is sectional drawing of the piano which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is an internal structure figure of the piano which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the piano which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a functional block diagram of the signal processing apparatus of the piano which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the correction | amendment by the signal processing apparatus of the piano which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention.

  Hereinafter, embodiments for carrying out the present invention will be described as embodiments. Note that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described below. The present invention can be implemented by variously modifying the embodiments described below.

  FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a grand piano 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The grand piano 1 includes a keyboard in which keys 2 are arranged in the left-right direction in front of the performer. A keyboard having a space surrounded by the side plates 11 is provided behind the keyboard. The housing has an upper opening. A music stand 10 is provided in front of the upper opening. Normally, when the piano is stored without being played, the music stand 10 is leveled and stored inside the housing, and when the piano is played, the music stand 10 stands up as shown in FIG. For the performer. An operation panel 18 can be provided on the music stand. In this case, the operation panel 18 is for performing an operation on a signal processing device described later. The operation panel 18 is realized as a touch panel, for example.

  Inside the treble side of the keyboard as viewed from the performer of the case, one end of the push-up bar 16 is connected to the case by a joint or the like so that the push-up bar 16 can rotate at an angle from the horizontal direction to an obliquely upward direction. It is connected using a hinge. When the top bar 16 is directed obliquely upward, the other end (tip) of the top bar 16 is in contact with the roof plate 15 installed on the back 13 (large roof). The roof tray 15 has a hole shape or a depression, and a part of the other end (tip) of the protrusion rod 16 is inserted into the roof tray 15. As a result, the high-pitched sound side of the keyboard 13 after the roof is opened. That is, the upper opening of the housing is in an open state.

  The end of the back 13 is connected to the housing. As a result, the rear roof 13 can open and close the upper opening of the housing. In this case, the end of the rear 13 of the roof is the end of the rear 13 of the keyboard on the bass side. Moreover, the edge part of the back 13 is connected with the housing | casing by the hinge. In addition, the roof front 12 is connected to the rear roof 13 via a long hinge 14. When the roof 13 is stored without playing the piano, the roof 13 and the roof 12 cover the upper opening of the housing. From this state, as shown in FIG. 1, in order to make the high-pitched sound side of the keyboard 13 open after the roof, first, the front 12 of the roof is rotated through the long hinge to be placed on the upper surface of the rear 13. Next, the end on the high-pitched side of the keyboard 13 is lifted after the roof, and the top bar 16 is directed obliquely upward, and the tip of the top bar is inserted into the roof pan 15. The front 12 and the rear 13 may be collectively referred to as “roof”.

  Further, in the grand piano 1, the pedal 3 (shift pedal, sosate pedal, and damper pedal) is exposed at the lower end of the pedal pedestal 52, and the vibration of the string that is the sounding body can be controlled. On the side opposite to the pedal at the lower end of the pedal pedestal 52, the pedal strut 4 is disposed, and the lower end of the pedal pedestal 52 is fixed.

  In general, as the thrust bar included in the grand piano 1, in addition to the thrust bar 16, a small thrust bar 17 shorter than the thrust bar 16 is often provided. For example, as shown in FIG. 1, the base portion of the protrusion rod 16 has two bases like a tuning fork, and in many cases, the protrusion rod small 17 can be stored inside the base. One end of the small protrusion rod 17 is connected to the housing using a joint or a hinge so as to be rotatable independently of the protrusion rod 16.

  FIG. 2 shows a state in which the tip of the small protruding bar 17 is inserted into the roof tray 15 and the upper side of the keyboard of the upper opening of the housing is opened. In this case, the thrust bar 16 is leveled and accommodated inside the housing. Since the protruding rod small 17 is shorter than the protruding rod 16, the rear part 13 becomes more horizontal and the degree (size) of opening (opening) of the upper opening of the housing is reduced.

  Considering the acoustic characteristics of the sound emitted by the grand piano 1 (for example, subjective tone color or frequency spectrum heard by a person), the upper opening of the housing is opened using the thrust bar 16 as shown in FIG. Rather than opening the upper opening of the housing using the small protrusion rod 17 as shown in FIG. 2, when a person listens, a sound having a long frequency spectrum can be emitted, It is possible to emit a loud sound. Further, when the upper opening of the housing is covered by the roof 13 and the roof 12 and the degree (size) of opening (opening) is reduced, a sound that sounds more pleasing to humans is emitted from the piano.

  However, as shown in FIG. 1, when the rear part 13 of the roof is greatly tilted to open the upper opening of the housing, the other side of the rear part 13 is blocked and a preferable image cannot be obtained. For example, when recording a TV program or the like in which a performer of the grand piano 1 is performing and talking with a guest located on the bass side of the keyboard, the upper opening of the housing is opened small as shown in FIG. Alternatively, it is preferable not to open the upper opening of the housing with the rear 13 being horizontal.

  FIG. 3 illustrates a state in which the rear roof 13 and the roof front 12 are horizontal and the entire upper opening of the housing of the grand piano 1 is covered. In the state shown in FIG. 3, in the state shown in FIG. 1 or FIG. 2, the end on the high-pitched side of the keyboard after the roof 13 is lifted, and the protruding rod 16 and the protruding rod small 17 are leveled and the interior of the housing And after the roof 13 is leveled. Next, the front 12 of the roof is rotated around the long hinge 14 to cover the upper opening of the casing in front of the keyboard.

  As described above, even when the back of the roof 13 and the front 12 of the roof are level and the upper opening of the housing of the grand piano 1 is closed, pressing the key 2 causes the strings to vibrate and sound the piano. However, the acoustic characteristics are different from the open state.

  In order to improve this, the vibration of the string can be converted into an electric signal by the configuration described below.

  FIG. 4 is a view when a cross section of the grand piano 1 is viewed from the lateral direction. That is, the internal structure of the grand piano 1 is shown. When the key 2 is pressed, the hammer 4 strikes the string 5 through the action mechanism.

  The string 5 is stretched using a frame arranged inside the housing of the grand piano 1. Further, when both ends of the string 5 are one end and the other end and one end is wound around a tuning pin on the hammer 4 side of the frame and locked, the other end is locked to the frame via the piece 6. The “Through the piece 6” means that the piece 6 supports the string 5 by pushing up the string 5 from below, and the vibration of the string 5 is transmitted to the piece 6.

  The piece 6 is provided on the upper surface of the soundboard 7. A sounding rod 75 is disposed on the surface (lower surface) of the soundboard 7 opposite to the surface on which the piece 6 is disposed. For this reason, when the vibration of the string 5 is transmitted to the piece 6, the vibration is transmitted to the soundboard 7 and the soundbar 75, and the sound generated by the vibration of the string 5 is radiated by the soundboard 7 and the soundbar 75.

  In one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 4, a pickup 50 is disposed below the piece 6 via an attachment member 60. The pickup 50 is a device that converts the vibration of the piece 6 into an electric signal. The pickup 50 includes, for example, a piezoelectric element, and the vibration corresponding to the vibration of the piece 6 is generated by transmitting the vibration of the piece 6 to the piezoelectric element. The generated voltage is input as an electric signal to the signal processing device 70 through a wiring (not shown). It is also possible to input an electrical signal output from the pickup 50 to a wireless device and transmit it to the signal processing device 70 wirelessly.

  In FIG. 4, the signal processing device 70 is disposed on the lower surface of the housing of the grand piano 1, but can be disposed at an arbitrary position. Further, the signal processing device 70 can be arranged separately from the grand piano 1. For example, it can also be arranged on the floor surface directly below the housing of the grand piano 1. Further, it can be arranged at a position away from the grand piano 1. However, in any case, the pickup 50 is connected to the signal processing device 70 by wire or wireless.

  FIG. 5 is another view showing the internal structure of the grand piano 1 and is a view of the direction of the soundboard from the bottom of the grand piano 1. In FIG. 5, reference numerals 6 </ b> L and 6 </ b> H correspond to the piece 6. Since FIG. 2 shows a cross section, only one piece 6 is shown, but a plurality of pieces 6 are usually arranged. In FIG. 5, the piece 6 </ b> L supports the bass-side string 5, and the piece 6 </ b> H supports the treble-side string 5.

  Accordingly, the pickup 50L and the pickup 50H are disposed on the piece 6L and the piece 6H, respectively. The pickup 50L and the pickup 50H are preferably located between the sounding rods 75 so that the pickup 50L and the pickup 50H mainly convert the vibrations of the pieces 6L and 6H into electric signals.

  In the present invention, the pickup 50 is not limited to being disposed below the piece 6. For example, the pickup 50 can be arranged on the side surface or the upper surface of the piece 6. When the pickup 50 is disposed on the side surface or top surface of the piece, the pickup 50 can be easily attached and detached.

  FIG. 6 shows the internal structure of a grand piano 1 that can be used in another embodiment of the present invention. In the embodiment of FIG. 6, the pickup 80 is not arranged on the piece 6. Instead, the pickup 80 is disposed on the soundboard 7. Thereby, the pickup 80 converts the vibration of the soundboard 7 into an electric signal. In this case, like the pickup 50, the pickup 80 may convert the vibration into an electric signal by a piezoelectric element. Alternatively, the vibration transmitted to the pickup 80 has an up-and-down movement larger than that of the piece 6, so that an acceleration sensor can be used as the pickup 80.

  As an acceleration sensor, for example, a piezoresistor is arranged in a flexible part that connects the frame and the weight part, and the resistance value of the piezoresistor by the flexible part that deforms according to the acceleration applied to the weight part is measured, and vibration is detected. A sensor to detect can be used. Such an acceleration sensor can be manufactured by applying, for example, a MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) technology to a semiconductor.

  The electrical signal generated by the acceleration sensor is input to the signal processing device 70 through a wiring (not shown). It is also possible to input an electrical signal output from the pickup 50 to a wireless device and transmit it to the signal processing device 70 wirelessly. As described with reference to FIG. 4, the signal processing device 70 can be disposed at an arbitrary position also in the embodiment of FIG. 5.

  However, even when the vibration of the string is converted into an electric signal by such a pickup, it varies depending on the degree of opening of the rear opening 13 and the front roof 12 of the upper opening of the casing (the degree of opening of the roof). An electric signal indicating acoustic characteristics is obtained. Therefore, in one embodiment of the present invention, a signal processing device 70 having a configuration described below is used.

  FIG. 7 shows a functional block diagram of a signal processing device 70 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The signal processing device 70 includes a correction unit 701, a pickup 702, an aperture detection unit 703, an equalizer 704, a surround simulator 705, and a speaker 706. In addition, as a structure of the signal processing apparatus 70, the correction | amendment part 701 and the opening detection part 703 are essential structures, and the pick-up 702, the equalizer 704, the surround simulator 705, and the speaker 706 are one Embodiment of this invention. It is possible to adopt an arbitrary configuration for the configuration according to the above.

  The correction unit 701 receives the signal converted by the pickup 702, performs correction in accordance with the signal output from the aperture detection unit 703, and outputs the corrected signal. The output signal may be an electrical signal, for example, an optical signal. Note that “perform correction” may include a case where the signal input to the correction unit 701 from the pickup 702 and the signal output from the correction unit 701 are the same.

  As the pickup 702, for example, there is a pickup that converts vibrations of the pieces 6, 6L, and 6H into an electric signal like the pickup 50 shown in FIG. 4 and the pickups 50L and 50H shown in FIG. In addition, there is an apparatus that converts the vibration of the soundboard 7 into an electric signal, such as that described as the pickup 80 in FIG. In addition, a microphone that acquires sound emitted from the grand piano 1 can be used as the pickup 702.

  The opening detection unit 703 is a detection device that detects the degree of opening of the upper opening of the housing of the grand piano 1. In one embodiment, the degree of opening represents whether or not the entire upper opening of the housing is covered because the rear roof 13 and the front roof 12 are horizontal. For example, an illuminance sensor is arranged inside the housing of the grand piano, and it is detected whether the brightness inside the housing detected by the illuminance sensor is less than a predetermined value. If the brightness detected by the illuminance sensor is less than a predetermined value, it is assumed that the entire upper opening of the housing is covered by the roof back 13 and the roof front 12, and the brightness detected by the illuminance sensor is a predetermined value. If it is above, it can be said that the whole upper opening part of the grand piano 1 is not covered with the back roof 13 and the roof front 12.

  Moreover, the opening detection part 703 can detect the grade of the opening of the upper opening part of a housing | casing by inclination from the horizontal of the back 13 as another one Embodiment. For example, an inclination sensor can be arranged on the lower surface of the rear 13 and the inclination sensor can be used as the opening detection unit 703. As the tilt sensor, a sensor that detects the direction of gravitational acceleration can be used. In this case, it can be assumed that the degree of opening of the upper opening of the housing increases as the inclination from the horizontal of the rear 13 detected by the inclination sensor increases.

  The tilt sensor can be arranged at a position other than the lower surface of the rear 13 of the roof. For example, since the rear roof 13 has a thickness, the tilt sensor can be embedded in the rear roof 13. In addition, the tilt sensor can be embedded in the upper surface or side surface of the roof 13.

  Further, as the opening detection unit 703, a pressure sensor arranged on the roof tray 15 can be used. If the post-roof 13 is not horizontal, the tip of the protruding rod 16 or the protruding rod small 17 is in contact with the roof tray 15. For this reason, if the tip of the protrusion rod 16 or the protrusion rod small 17 is in contact with the roof tray 15, the pressure sensor disposed inside the roof tray 15 can detect a non-zero pressure. In addition, when the uplift bar 16 is in contact with the roof tray 15, the post-roof 13 is closer to the vertical direction than the small uplift bar 17 is in contact with the roof tray 15, so that the detection of the pressure sensor is performed. The pressure to be applied is smaller than that of the small protrusion 17 in contact with the roof tray 15. Therefore, the pressure sensor disposed on the roof tray 15 makes the rear 13 horizontal, and the upper opening of the housing is completely covered, or the upper opening of the housing is caused by the small protrusion rod 17. It is possible to detect whether or not the upper opening of the housing is opened larger than that by the small protruding rod 17 by the protruding rod 16.

  As the pressure sensor, an element whose resistance value is changed by deformation according to pressure can be used.

  In addition, a conductive path from one terminal of the opening detection unit 703 to the roof tray 15 can be formed using a wiring that is a conductive material. In this case, a conductive path from another terminal of the opening detection unit 703 to the tip of the protruding rod 16 is formed, and another conductive path from another terminal of the opening detection unit 703 to the tip of the protruding rod small 17 is formed. Is formed. And if the conduction | electrical_connection from one terminal to another terminal is not detected from the opening detection part 703, the back 13 is assumed to be horizontal and the upper opening part of a housing | casing is completely covered. Further, if conduction from one terminal of the opening detection unit 703 to another terminal is detected via a conductive path to the tip of the protrusion rod 16, the upper opening of the housing is opened (opened), If detected through a conductive path to the tip of the top rod 17, the upper opening of the housing is opened smaller than when conduction is detected through the conductive path to the top of the top rod 16 ( ) Is detected.

  As described above, the correction unit 701 corrects the electrical signal converted by the pickup 702 according to the signal output from the aperture detection unit 703. At this time, the correction unit 701 performs different corrections depending on whether or not the rear 13 and the front 12 are horizontal. For example, when the opening detection unit 703 detects that the back 13 and the front 12 are horizontal, the correction unit 701 uses the upper opening of the casing to represent the sound represented by the electrical signal converted by the pickup 702. Is corrected so as to be close to the characteristics of the sound itself when it is not covered by the roof 13 or such characteristics. For example, (A) the correction unit 701 is opened when the entire upper opening of the housing is covered when it is detected that the entire upper opening of the housing is covered. Even if the process of reducing the difference in the magnitude of the frequency component from the case and the reverse process are performed so that the back 13 and the front 12 of the roof are horizontal, the entire upper opening of the housing is the rear 13 Correction is performed by processing the electrical signal converted by the pickup 702 so as to be close to the characteristic of the sound when not covered by or the characteristic thereof.

  Conversely, (B) the correction unit 701 generates a sound when the entire upper opening of the casing is covered when the entire upper opening of the casing is not covered by the roof 13. Correction can also be performed by performing a process of converting the electrical signal into the electrical signal converted by the pickup 702 so that the characteristic becomes close to the characteristic.

  FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining correction by the correction unit 701. That is, the curve 801 is a position where a key is pressed away from the grand piano 1 when the upper opening of the housing is opened by inserting the tip of the protruding rod 17 into the roof tray 15 after the roof 13 is inserted. It is a graph at the time of measuring an acoustic characteristic. A curve 802 is a graph in the case where the entire upper opening of the housing is covered 13 after the roof, and the acoustic characteristics are measured at the same distance from the grand piano 1 by pressing the same key. . According to FIG. 8, for example, when the upper opening of the housing is opened, the sound pressure increases near 100 Hz and reverses near 1000 Hz than when the entire upper opening of the housing is covered. It has become. Therefore, in the case of (A), when the acoustic characteristic signal of the graph 802 is received from the pickup 702, the correction unit 701 corrects and outputs the acoustic characteristic signal of the graph 801. In the case of (B), when the acoustic characteristic signal of the graph 801 is received from the pickup 702, the correction unit 701 corrects and outputs the acoustic characteristic signal of the graph 802.

  In order to select one of the above (A) and (B), for example, the selection can be made on the operation panel 18 of the music stand 10.

  Further, according to the detection of the inclination of the back 13 by the opening detection unit 703, the correction unit converts the electrical signal converted by the pickup 702 into the sound characteristics when the back 13 has another inclination or the characteristics thereof. Correction can also be performed by performing a process of converting the electric signal so as to represent a sound having a characteristic close to. That is, the degree of correction or the amount of correction can be varied according to the inclination of the rear 13. Here, the degree of correction or the amount of correction is the degree to which the characteristics are changed.

  Therefore, the correction unit 701 indicates the sound characteristics represented by the electric signal converted by the pickup 702 when the rear roof 13 covers the upper opening of the housing. It is possible to correct the characteristics when covering less.

  The equalizer 704 converts the frequency characteristic of the signal that is the result of correction output from the correction unit 701. For example, the conversion is performed by adjusting the sound intensity of three sound ranges of a low sound range, a middle sound range, and a high sound range that constitute the audible sound range. Alternatively, adjustments set via a graphical user interface can be applied to three or more pitch ranges for conversion. The adjustment of the sound intensity and the graphical user interface can also be operated by the operation panel 18 of the music stand 10.

  The surround simulator simulates the acoustic characteristics of the surround device during audio playback, and adds the effect of playing the grand piano 1 in the concert hall when it is not actually played in the concert hall. Simulate acoustic characteristics. For example, the sound transfer function of the sound from the stage to the audience seat is obtained by emitting a pulse-like sound from the stage and measuring the change in the sound at the audience seat in a state where the concert hall is silent. Then, the surround simulator calculates the convolution of the transfer function obtained in the output of the equalizer 704.

  The speaker 706 converts the output of the surround simulator into sound.

  As described above, according to the embodiment of the present invention, even if the degree of opening of the upper opening of the grand piano housing after the roof is different, an electric signal that always represents the sound having the same or similar characteristics is obtained. be able to.

  Further, by changing the degree of opening of the upper opening of the grand piano housing after the roof, an electric signal in which the acoustic characteristics of the grand piano are positively changed can be obtained.

  In the above description, the grand piano is used as an example, but the present invention can also be applied to an upright piano. For example, the opening detection unit 703 can detect whether the front of the upright piano is in a closed state or an open state. For example, such detection can be performed by an illuminance sensor or a tilt sensor. Further, by using the illuminance sensor, it is possible to detect whether one or more of the upper front plate and the lower front plate of the upright piano has been removed.

  70 Signal Processing Device, 701 Correction Unit, 702 Pickup, 703 Aperture Detection Unit, 704 Equalizer, 705 Sound Simulator, 706 Speaker

Claims (6)

An upper opening of the housing surrounded by the side plates;
A pickup that acquires vibrations of a sounding body arranged inside the housing and converts it into an electrical signal;
After the roof connected to the housing so as to freely open and close the upper opening,
An opening detector for detecting the degree of opening of the upper opening after the roof;
The piano which has a correction | amendment part which correct | amends the electric signal which the said pickup detected according to the detection by the said opening detection part. The opening detection unit detects an inclination after the roof,
The piano according to claim 1, wherein the correction unit performs correction according to whether or not the inclination after the roof is horizontal.   The piano according to claim 2, wherein the correction unit changes the degree of correction performed according to the inclination after the roof. The opening detection unit detects brightness inside the housing,
The piano according to claim 1, wherein the correction unit performs correction according to whether or not the brightness inside the housing is less than a predetermined value. The opening detection unit is disposed after the roof, detects the pressure of the roof plate with which the tip of the top bar connected to the housing is connected to one end, or the presence or absence of a conductive path via the roof plate,
The piano according to claim 1, wherein the correction unit performs correction according to whether or not the opening detection unit is detected.   The correction unit has a sound characteristic represented by an electric signal converted by the pickup when the back of the roof covers the top opening, and the back of the roof opens the top opening. The piano according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the piano is corrected to a characteristic.