JP6403639B2 - Cushioning device for fluid pressure cylinder - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a cushion device for a hydraulic cylinder used as a drive source for various industrial machines.

  Conventionally, a fluid pressure cylinder has been provided with a cushion device in order to stop the piston and the load without impact at the stroke end of the piston.

  FIG. 7 shows an example of a cushion device CSj of a conventional fluid pressure cylinder 80.

  In FIG. 7, the fluid pressure cylinder 80 supplies and discharges fluid from a port 87, so that a piston 83 for driving a load slides and moves on the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder tube 81. Due to the movement of the piston 83, the cushion boss 84 provided integrally with the piston 83 is fitted into the cushion hole 85 provided in the cylinder cover 82. Thereby, the pressure (back pressure) of the fluid in the cushion chamber CC formed between the piston 83 and the cylinder cover 82 increases, and a cushioning action is generated.

  Various cushion devices having such a structure have been proposed (Patent Documents 1 and 2).

  In addition, a cushioning device having a structure in which a buffering piston is provided coaxially apart from a driving piston has been proposed (Patent Document 3).

JP 2003-269416 A JP 2014-206186 A JP 2013-160374 A

  However, in the conventional cushion devices such as Patent Documents 1 and 2, since the cushion boss provided on the piston is inserted into the cushion hole provided on the cylinder cover, the cushion boss and the cushion hole having high fitting accuracy are provided. Need to be provided separately from the piston, and the axial length of the fluid pressure cylinder is increased by the amount corresponding to the cushion boss.

  Also, the effective area contributing to the cushioning action is the area obtained by subtracting the cushion boss area from the piston area, so if the piston diameter is small, the effective area will be reduced and the cushioning action will be reduced. Need to be long.

  Further, in the cushion device of Patent Document 3, since the buffer piston is provided in addition to the driving piston, there is an effect that it is not caught by the step between the cylinder tube and the piston rod, but the axial length is also long. There is a problem of becoming.

  On the other hand, in order to shorten the axial length as much as possible, a fluid pressure cylinder called a thin cylinder having a structure in which a cylinder tube and a head cover are integrally formed of an aluminum alloy or the like is used.

  In a thin cylinder, the cushion device is often not provided for the original purpose of shortening the axial length as much as possible and because the stroke is relatively short. However, when driving a large load, the smooth deceleration by applying a cushion when stopping a large load is not only to ensure smooth control, but also to suppress the impact generated on the load and the cylinder device, thereby extending the service life. Very useful for lengthening.

  When the structure of the conventional cushion apparatus like patent documents 1-3 is applied to a thin cylinder, the axial direction length becomes long and the original purpose of a thin cylinder will be spoiled. Moreover, it is not easy to apply a conventional cushion device due to the structure of the thin cylinder.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a cushion device that can suppress an increase in axial length as much as possible and can be easily applied to a thin cylinder.

A cushion device according to an embodiment of the present invention is configured such that a piston slides and moves on an inner peripheral surface of the cylinder tube by supplying and discharging fluid from a fluid supply / discharge hole provided in the cylinder tube. A fluid pressure cylinder cushion device, wherein an annular first cushion ring and a second cushion ring, which are movable in opposition to the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder tube, are respectively mounted in the piston in the axial direction. The first cushion ring and the second cushion ring are both provided with a clearance between the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder tube and the surface of the recess, respectively, 1 cushion ring has a moiety in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder tube, the axial direction of the partial length There smaller than the length of said axial opening of said fluid supply Haiana, when passing through the opening of the fluid supply Haiana by the piston is moved in a direction in which the fluid is discharged from the fluid supply and discharge holes In addition, the fluid is sucked toward the fluid supply / discharge hole and comes into contact with the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder tube, and only a part of the opening of the fluid supply / discharge hole is closed. After the first cushion ring passes through the opening of the fluid supply / discharge hole by movement of the piston, the opening of the fluid supply / discharge hole is covered.

  The second cushion ring may be configured to cover the entire opening of the fluid supply / discharge hole in a state where the second cushion ring is in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder tube.

  The piston may be provided with a communication path between a chamber formed by a clearance between the inner peripheral surface of the first cushion ring and the surface of the recess and an end surface of the piston.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a cushion device that can suppress an increase in axial length as much as possible and can be easily applied to a thin cylinder.

It is sectional drawing of the fluid pressure cylinder of one Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which expands and shows the part of the cushion apparatus of FIG. It is a figure explaining the effect | action of the cushion apparatus according to the movement of a piston. It is a figure which shows typically the change of the position of the radial direction of a cushion ring. It is a graph explaining a cushion effect | action. It is a figure which shows the other example of the cross-sectional shape of a 1st cushion ring. It is a figure which shows the example of the cushion apparatus of the conventional fluid pressure cylinder.

Hereinafter, an embodiment of a cushion device for a fluid pressure cylinder in the present invention will be described.
[Schematic structure of fluid pressure cylinder 1]
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a fluid pressure cylinder 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment, the fluid pressure cylinder 1 is a hydraulic cylinder, but can also be applied to a pneumatic cylinder or the like.

  In FIG. 1, the fluid pressure cylinder 1 includes a cylinder tube 11, a piston 12, a piston rod 13, a head cover 21, a rod cover 22, and the like.

  The cylinder tube 11 and the head cover 21 are integrally formed of aluminum alloy, other metal, synthetic resin, or the like. That is, these are integrated bodies, but they may be produced separately and combined. As for the cross-sectional shape of the cylinder tube 11, the outer peripheral surface 11a is square, and the inner peripheral surface 11b is circular. However, other shapes may be used, for example, various grooves may be formed and rounded, or circular.

  The piston 12 slides on the inner peripheral surface 11 b of the cylinder tube 11. The piston rod 13 moves integrally with the piston 12. The piston 12 and the piston rod 13 are made of aluminum alloy, other metal, or synthetic resin. However, these may be formed integrally, or they may be formed separately and connected together. Also good.

  The rod cover 22 is inserted so as to be fitted to the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder tube 11, and is fixed to the cylinder tube 11 by a retaining ring 22a or a screw (not shown).

  The piston rod 13 is slidably inserted into a through hole provided at the center of the rod cover 22, and packings 31 and 32 are provided for sealing, and a dust scraper 33 is provided for preventing foreign matter from entering. , Each is installed.

  The cylinder tube 11 is provided with two ports PT1 and PT2. The ports PT1 and PT2 are examples of “fluid supply / discharge holes”. The port PT1 supplies and discharges fluid to and from the head side cylinder chamber CH formed between the piston 12 and the head cover 21. The head side cylinder chamber CH is also a cushion chamber CC described later. The port PT2 supplies and discharges fluid to and from the rod side cylinder chamber CR formed between the piston 12 and the rod cover 22.

The cylinder tube 11 is provided with a throttle adjusting valve 23 to be described in detail later at a position near the boundary with the head cover 21.
[Explanation of cushion device CS]
Next, the cushion device CS will be described.

  FIG. 2 shows an enlarged view of a portion of the cushion device CS of the fluid pressure cylinder 1 shown in FIG.

  In FIGS. 1 and 2, an annular first cushion ring 41 and a second cushion ring 42 that are movable facing the inner peripheral surface 11 b of the cylinder tube 11 are mounted in the recess 12 a of the piston 12 side by side in the axial direction. ing. That is, the first cushion ring 41 and the second cushion ring 42 are arranged adjacent to each other and in contact with each other, and can move in the radial direction and the circumferential direction in the annular recess 12a. is there. Further, the axial direction does not need to be particularly movable, but is loosely fitted so as to be movable in the radial direction.

  Both the first cushion ring 41 and the second cushion ring 42 are provided so as to have a clearance between the inner peripheral surface 11b of the cylinder tube 11 and the bottom surface (surface) of the recess 12a. That is, the first cushion ring 41 and the second cushion ring 42 have such a dimensional tolerance that a gap is obtained between the inner peripheral surface 11b of the cylinder tube 11 and the bottom surface of the recess 12a. It can move and become eccentric.

Examples of dimensional tolerances are as follows. That means
d0: inner diameter of the inner peripheral surface 11b of the cylinder tube 11 d1: inner diameter of the first cushion ring 41 D1: outer diameter of the first cushion ring 41 d2: inner diameter of the second cushion ring 42 D2: outer diameter of the second cushion ring 42 D3: When the outer diameter of the bottom surface of the recess 12a is taken, the dimensional tolerance is, for example,
D1 = d0− (0.05 to 0.12) mm
D2 = d0− (0.2 to 0.4) mm
d1 = D3 + (0.5 to 1.2) mm
d2 = D3 + (0.5 to 1.2) mm
Degree.

  Therefore, the first cushion ring 41 can have a clearance of about 0 to 0.24 mm on the outer peripheral surface side and a clearance of about 0.38 to 1.32 mm on the inner peripheral surface side. The second cushion ring 42 can have a clearance of about 0 to 0.8 mm on the outer peripheral surface side and about 0.1 to 1.6 mm on the inner peripheral surface side.

  In the case of this dimension example, the clearance on the outer peripheral surface side can be larger in the second cushion ring 42 than in the first cushion ring 41. That is, it can be said that the first cushion ring 41 has a narrower clearance.

  In this case, the outer peripheral surfaces of the first cushion ring 41 and the second cushion ring 42 can both be in contact with the inner peripheral surface 11b of the cylinder tube 11, that is, in close contact with the vicinity of the opening 11c. It is possible to enter a state. On the other hand, a clearance is always generated on the inner peripheral surface side, and no contact is made with the bottom surface of the recess 12a. However, the present invention is not limited to this example, and various dimensional tolerances may be set so as to have various sizes of clearances.

  In particular, the second cushion ring 42 may be set so that the outer peripheral surface thereof does not contact the inner peripheral surface 11b and a clearance is always generated. That is, even if the second cushion ring 42 covers the opening 11c, the outer diameter D2 and the inner diameter d2 are set so that the second cushion ring 42 does not close and close the opening 11c. May be. By selecting the size of the clearance, it is possible to adjust the throttle amount and adjust the effectiveness of the cushioning action.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the first cushion ring 41 has a step on the outer peripheral surface, and is connected to the large diameter portion 41 a and a large diameter portion 41 a that can contact the inner peripheral surface 11 b of the cylinder tube 11. The outer end surface has a small-diameter portion 41 b that contacts the end surface of the second cushion ring 42. The axial length L1 of the large-diameter portion 41a is smaller than the axial length, that is, the diameter (inner diameter) d11 of the opening 11c of the port PT1. Only the large-diameter portion 41a can block the opening 11c. Therefore, the first cushion ring 41 does not block all of the opening 11c, but can block only a part.

  Thus, the first cushion ring 41 moves the piston 12 in the direction in which the piston 12 moves in the direction in which the fluid is discharged from the port PT1, that is, in the direction in which the head side cylinder chamber CH contracts (reverse movement direction, arrow M1 direction). Moves and passes through the opening 11c of the port PT1, and is sucked toward the port PT1 and closes a part of the opening 11c of the port PT1 while being in contact with the inner peripheral surface 11b of the cylinder tube 11.

  That is, when the fluid in the head side cylinder chamber CH is pushed out from the port PT1 by the backward movement of the piston 12, the first cushion ring 41 is pushed against the opening 11c of the port PT1 by the flow of the fluid and closes a part thereof. After the first cushion ring 41 reaches the opening 11c, the area to be blocked increases as the piston 12 moves. When part of the port PT1 is blocked, the fluid flow path is narrowed, a back pressure is generated in the head side cylinder chamber CH, and the back pressure brakes the movement of the piston 12 to generate a cushioning action.

  The second cushion ring 42 covers the entire opening 11c of the port PT1 after the first cushion ring 41 has passed through the opening 11c of the port PT1 due to the movement of the piston 12.

  That is, the second cushion ring 42 has a rectangular cross section, and the axial length L2 is larger than the diameter d11 of the opening 11c of the port PT1. Therefore, the second cushion ring 42 can block the entire opening portion 11c of the port PT1 while being in contact with the inner peripheral surface 11b of the cylinder tube 11. In this case, if the opening 11c is covered while the second cushion ring 42 is in contact with the inner peripheral surface 11b, the opening 11c is blocked, and if the second cushion ring 42 is not in contact with the inner peripheral surface 11b, the opening 11c is covered. It becomes.

  The piston 12 is provided with a communication path 44 between a chamber formed by the clearance between the inner peripheral surface of the first cushion ring 41 and the surface of the recess 12 a and the end surface of the piston 12. . The communication path 44 is a bypass flow path for allowing a sufficient amount of fluid to flow from the port PT1 to the head side cylinder chamber CH when the piston 12 starts to move forward from the return end side.

  That is, when the fluid is supplied to the port PT1 to start the forward movement of the piston 12 when the piston 12 is on the return end side, that is, when the second cushion ring 42 covers the opening 11c. The flow path for the fluid to flow into the head side cylinder chamber CH is secured. Thereby, the high-speed start-up of the piston 12 is ensured. That is, since the second cushion ring 42 is movable in the radial direction, the second cushion ring 42 has a check function for the opening portion 11c. For this reason, the check valve which has been necessary in the prior art can be omitted, and the structure can be simplified.

  The communication passage 44 is provided in two places in the piston 12, but may be three places, four places or more, or one place.

  Further, as described above, the cylinder tube 11 is provided with the throttle adjusting valve 23. That is, the cylinder tube 11 has a hole between the port PT1 and the position of the stroke end of the head side cylinder chamber CH that is the cylinder chamber when the piston 12 moves in the direction in which the fluid is discharged from the port PT1. A throttle channel 24 composed of 24 a and 24 b is provided, and a throttle adjustment valve 23 is provided in the middle of the throttle channel 24. That is, the port PT1 and the head side cylinder chamber CH communicate with each other via the throttle adjusting valve 23 and the throttle channel 24.

  By adjusting the throttle adjusting valve 23, it is possible to adjust the effectiveness of the cushioning action. However, by adjusting the clearance between the first cushion ring 41 and the second cushion ring 42, the throttle adjusting valve 23 and the throttle channel 24 can be eliminated.

  Next, the operation of the cushion device CS will be described.

  FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the cushion device CS according to the movement of the piston 12, and FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically showing changes in the radial positions of the first and second cushion rings 41,. FIG. 5 shows graphs obtained by actual measurement for explaining the cushion action.

  3A shows a state in which the first cushion ring 41 passes through the opening 11c of the port PT1 when the piston 12 moves backward, and FIG. 3B shows that the first cushion ring 41 has the opening 11c. 2 shows a state in which the second cushion ring 42 covers the entire opening portion 11c after passing through. FIG. 3C shows a state at the time of starting the forward movement of the piston 12.

  4A shows a state in which the cushion rings 41 and 42 have moved to the port PT1, and FIG. 4B shows a state in which the cushion rings 41 and 42 have moved to the opposite side of the port PT1.

  When the fluid is supplied from the port PT2, the piston 12 further moves in the direction of the arrow M1 from the position shown in FIG. 2, and the fluid in the head side cylinder chamber CH is discharged from the port PT1 through the opening 11c. Then, as shown in FIG. 3A, when the large diameter portion 41a of the first cushion ring 41 comes to the position of the opening 11c, the first cushion ring 41 is sucked toward the port PT1 by the flow of fluid, A part of the opening 11 c is closed by contacting the inner peripheral surface 11 b of the cylinder tube 11.

  As a result, the flow path of the fluid passing through the opening 11c is narrowed, pressure (back pressure) is generated in the head side cylinder chamber CH, and a cushioning action on the piston 12 is generated. The piston 12 is decelerated by this cushioning action.

  At this time, the first cushion ring 41 has moved (eccentric) toward the port PT1 as shown in FIG. 4A, so that the inner peripheral surface 11b of the cylinder tube 11 is away from the port PT1. There is a clearance between them and fluid can flow through this clearance.

  While the large-diameter portion 41a of the first cushion ring 41 passes through the opening 11c, the portion to be blocked is opened by the presence of the small-diameter portion 41b, and the entire portion is not blocked. This prevents the cushion effect from becoming too effective when the piston 12 is relatively fast.

  And when the small diameter part 41b passes the opening part 11c, the 2nd cushion ring 42 will begin to block the opening part 11c. At this time, the second cushion ring 42 is sucked toward the port PT1 by the flow of the fluid and comes into contact with the inner peripheral surface 11b. Then, the opening 11c is closed by the second cushion ring 42 instead of the large-diameter portion 41a, whereby the fluid flow path is narrowed, and the piston 12 is further decelerated by the cushion action.

  As shown in FIG. 3 (B), when the second cushion ring 42 closes the opening 11c, a very small amount of fluid flows, so that the cushioning action is effective until the speed of the piston 12 becomes almost zero. 12 stops smoothly without impact.

  At this time, if the throttle adjusting valve 23 is not completely throttled, the fluid flows through the throttle channel 24 according to the throttle amount, so that the speed of the piston 12 after being decelerated can be finely adjusted. For example, the piston 12 can be prevented from moving at an extremely slow speed by adjusting the throttle adjusting valve 23.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 3 (C), when the forward movement of the piston 12 is started by supplying fluid from the port PT1, the second cushion ring 42 is pushed by the fluid as shown in FIG. 4 (B). Thus, a clearance is formed between the opening 11c. The fluid flows into the head side cylinder chamber CH through the clearance between the second cushion ring 42 and the first cushion ring 41 and the inner peripheral surface 11b and the recess 12a, the communication path 44, and the like. As a result, the piston 12 moves forward.

  In FIG. 5, when the inner diameter of the cylinder tube 11 is 63 mm, the speed and acceleration of the piston 12 and the back pressure (H of the head side cylinder chamber CH until reaching the position 0 which is the stroke end on the backward movement side. The result of actual measurement of the pressure (back) is shown. According to this, the speed gradually decreases from a position of about 8 mm from the end of the stroke, moves in a decelerating state between about 6 to 3 mm from the end of the stroke, and further from a position of about 2 mm from the end of the stroke. Decelerate and reach the end of the stroke at almost zero speed. In the meantime, the back pressure is maintained at about 5 MPa.

  Thus, according to the cushion device CS of the present embodiment, the cushion action is smoothly performed between short strokes, and the piston 12 can be stopped without impact.

  In the cushion device CS of the present embodiment, since the entire area of the head side cylinder chamber CH contributes to the cushioning action, the effective area of the cushioning action is increased, and the stroke required for the cushioning action can be shortened. .

As described above, in the fluid pressure cylinder 1, it is possible to provide a cushion device that can suppress the increase in the axial length as much as possible and can be easily applied to a thin cylinder.
[Description of Modification of First Cushion Ring]
Next, a modified example of the first cushion ring 41 will be described.

  FIG. 6 shows another example of the cross-sectional shape of the first cushion ring 41.

  FIG. 6A is the same as the first cushion ring 41 described above, and is provided with a large-diameter portion 41a and a small-diameter portion 41b.

  A first cushion ring 41B shown in FIG. 6B has grooves 41Ba having a V-shaped cross section on the outer peripheral surface at two locations.

  In contrast to the first cushion ring 41, the first cushion ring 41C shown in FIG. 6C is formed such that the small-diameter portion 41Cb first passes through the opening 11c and then the large-diameter portion 41Ca passes. Is done.

  The first cushion ring 41D shown in FIG. In this case, the entire length in the axial direction may be made smaller than the diameter d11 of the opening 11c.

  The first cushion ring 41E shown in FIG. 6 (E) has a plurality of grooves 41Ea for communicating the upper surface and the lower surface with the end surface of the small diameter portion 41b of the first cushion ring 41 shown in FIG. 6 (A). Is provided.

  The first cushion rings 41 to 41E may be selected according to the inner diameter of the cylinder, the stroke length, the operating pressure, the load state, hydraulic pressure or pneumatic pressure. Moreover, it is also possible to make it the shape which combined these suitably. At the same time, it is possible to variously change the dimensional tolerances described above and other dimensions.

  In the cushion device CS of the above embodiment, the first cushion ring 41 and the second cushion ring 42 are arranged so as to be directly adjacent to each other, but another member such as another suitable ring is arranged therebetween. May be. Further, another cushion ring, for example, a third cushion ring or a fourth cushion ring having a function similar to that of the second cushion ring 42 may be added. The opening 11c may be covered with the second cushion ring 42 and the added cushion ring. Moreover, each function of the 1st cushion ring 41 or the 2nd cushion ring 42 may be divided | segmented, and the 1st cushion ring 41 or the 2nd cushion ring 42 may be comprised by several members.

  In the cushion device CS of the above embodiment, the communication path 44 is provided. However, if only the clearance between the first cushion ring 41 and the second cushion ring 42 is sufficient, the communication path 44 may not be provided.

  In addition, each part of the first cushion ring 41, the second cushion ring 42, the communication path 44, the throttle adjustment valve 23, the cushion device CS, or the fluid pressure cylinder 1, or the entire structure, structure, shape, dimensions, number, arrangement, material These can be appropriately changed in accordance with the gist of the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Fluid pressure cylinder 11 Cylinder tube 11b Inner peripheral surface 11c Opening part 12 Piston 12a Recessed part 23 Throttle adjustment valve 24 Throttle flow path 41 First cushion ring 41a Large diameter part 41b Small diameter part 42 Second cushion ring 44 Communication path PT1 Port ( Fluid supply / discharge hole)
CS Cushioning device CH Head side cylinder chamber

Claims (5)

A fluid pressure cylinder cushion device configured such that a piston slides and moves on an inner peripheral surface of the cylinder tube by supplying and discharging fluid from a fluid supply / discharge hole provided in the cylinder tube,
An annular first cushion ring and a second cushion ring, which are movable facing the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder tube, are respectively mounted side by side in the axial direction in the concave portion of the piston,
The first cushion ring and the second cushion ring are both provided with a clearance between the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder tube and the surface of the recess, respectively.
The first cushion ring has a portion that can contact the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder tube, and the axial length of the portion is smaller than the axial length of the opening of the fluid supply / discharge hole. When the piston moves in the direction in which the fluid is discharged from the fluid supply / discharge hole and passes through the opening of the fluid supply / discharge hole, the piston is sucked toward the fluid supply / discharge hole to closing only part of the opening of the fluid supply Haiana in a state of contact with the peripheral surface,
The second cushion ring is configured to cover the opening of the fluid supply / discharge hole after the first cushion ring has passed through the opening of the fluid supply / discharge hole by movement of the piston.
A fluid pressure cylinder cushioning device. The second cushion ring is configured to cover the entire opening of the fluid supply / discharge hole in a state where the second cushion ring is in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder tube.
The cushion device of the fluid pressure cylinder according to claim 1. The piston is provided with a communication path between a chamber formed by a clearance between the inner peripheral surface of the first cushion ring and the surface of the recess, and an end surface of the piston.
A cushion device for a fluid pressure cylinder according to claim 1 or 2. The first cushion ring has a large diameter portion which is the portion, the end face of the outer and connected to the large-diameter portion is closed with an end face abutting the small diameter portion of the second cushion ring,
A cushion device for a fluid pressure cylinder according to any one of claims 1 to 3. The cylinder tube has a throttle adjustment valve between the stroke end position of the cylinder chamber and the fluid supply / discharge hole when the piston moves in the direction in which the fluid is discharged from the fluid supply / discharge hole. A throttling flow path is provided which communicates via
A cushion device for a fluid pressure cylinder according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

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