JP6372800B2 - 複合粒子を含む腎機能診断用イメージング剤 - Google Patents
複合粒子を含む腎機能診断用イメージング剤 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6372800B2 JP6372800B2 JP2014181733A JP2014181733A JP6372800B2 JP 6372800 B2 JP6372800 B2 JP 6372800B2 JP 2014181733 A JP2014181733 A JP 2014181733A JP 2014181733 A JP2014181733 A JP 2014181733A JP 6372800 B2 JP6372800 B2 JP 6372800B2
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- imaging agent
- kidney
- graft chain
- fine particles
- polymer graft
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Landscapes
- Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
Description
算出方法:s=(w/Mn)Av/S
THF:テトラヒドロフラン
BPE:(2−ブロモ−2−メチル)プロピオニルオキシプロピルトリエトキシシラン
BPP:1−(2−ブロモ−2−メチル)プロピオニルオキシ−2−プロペン
PEGMA:ポリエチレングリコールメタクリレート
PEMA:(4−ヒドロキシフェニル)エチルメタクリレート
dN−biby:Cu(I)Cl、ジノニルビピリジン
EBIB:エチル2−ブロモイソブチレート
MEONP:ニトロフェニルオキシカルボニルポリエチレングリコールメタクリレート
RHOMA:ローダミンメタクリレート
NBDMA:アミノニトロベンゾオキサジアゾールメタクリレート
GPC:ゲル濾過クロマトグラフィー
TGA:熱重量分析
MRI:磁気共鳴イメージング
CKD:慢性腎臓病
CT:コンピューター断層撮影
FDG:フルオロデオキシグルコース
PET:陽電子放出断層撮影
SPECT:単一光子放射断層撮影
BUN:尿素窒素
GFR:糸球体濾過量
SPIO:超常磁性酸化鉄
USPIO:極小超常磁性酸化鉄
MION:単結晶型酸化鉄ナノ粒子
SQUID:超電導量子干渉素子
(1)重合開始基含有カップリング剤(2−ブロモ−2−メチル)プロピオニルオキシプロピルトリエトキシシラン(BPE)の合成
第2段階として、フラスコの中へBPP(100g)、トリエトキシシラン(170g)およびカルステッド触媒(600μL)を順次入れ、その混合液をアルゴン雰囲気下、室温で12時間攪拌した。反応後減圧蒸留により精製し、BPEを収率70%で合成した。
Hyeonらの報告(Nature Materials, Vol.3, p891-895, 2004)に従い、オレイン酸被覆酸化鉄ナノ粒子を合成した。先ず、オレイン酸鉄錯体を合成した。塩化鉄(FeCl36H2O、10.8g)とオレイン酸ナトリウム(36.5g)を、エタノール(80mL)、水(60mL)およびヘキサン(140mL)の混合溶媒に溶解し、その溶液を70℃で4時間攪拌した。反応終了後、上層の有機層を回収し、前記有機層を純水で3回洗浄した。その後、前記有機層をロータリーエバポレータで減圧濃縮し、溶媒を除去した。得られた残渣を70℃で1晩、真空乾燥してオレイン酸鉄錯体を得た。このオレイン酸鉄錯体(36g)とオレイン酸(5.7g)をトリオクチルアミン(200g)に溶かし、その溶液を、5℃/minの昇温速度で370℃まで加熱した。370℃に達した後、さらに、同温度で30分間、還流下で加熱を続けた。その後、反応溶液を室温まで冷却し、THFで希釈した後、遠心分離(12,000rpm)でオレイン酸被覆酸化鉄ナノ粒子を回収した。透過型電子顕微鏡法により前記酸化鉄ナノ粒子の投影面積円相当径(平均粒径)を測定したところ、20nmであった。この酸化鉄は、X線回折法により、マグネタイト(Fe3O4)であることを確認した。
(2)で得た前記酸化鉄ナノ粒子をTHFに分散させ、分散液(1wt%)を作成した。前記分散液へアンモニア水(1wt%)を加え、しばらく攪拌した後、(1)で得たBPE(2wt%)を加え、3日間、室温で攪拌した。この溶液を攪拌中、定期的に、超音波照射した。その後、粒子を遠心分離(12,000rpm)で回収し、THFによる再分散、遠心分離をくりかえすことにより、開始基を有する酸化鉄ナノ粒子を得た。
(3)で得た開始基を有する酸化鉄ナノ粒子(0.3g)、ポリエチレングリコールメタクリレート(PEGMA)(9.85g)、ニトロフェニルオキシカルボニルポリエチレングリコールメタクリレート(MEONP)(2.15g)、Cu(I)Br(16mg)、ジノニルビピリジン(dN−biby)(94mg)およびエチル2−ブロモイソブチレート(EBIB)(2.2mg)、THF(17.58g)をパイレックス製ガラス管に入れ凍結融解法により脱気し真空下で封管した後、60℃で15時間重合して、高分子グラフト鎖(第1ブロック)が酸化鉄ナノ粒子表面に結合した複合粒子を得た。得られた第1ブロックのフリーポリマーの分子量(Mn)および分子量分布指数(Mw/Mn)は、それぞれ30,000および1.27であった。複合粒子(微粒子が酸化鉄ナノ粒子)の精製は、遠心分離によりアセトン、THFへの再分散を繰り返すことにより行った。
(3)で得た開始基を有する酸化鉄ナノ粒子(0.2g)、PEGMA(6.78g)、MEONP(1.22g)、Cu(I)Br(11mg)、dN−biby(65mg)およびEBIB(1.5mg)、THF(11.7g)をパイレックス製ガラス管に入れ凍結融解法により脱気し真空下で封管した後、60℃で15時間重合して、高分子グラフト鎖(第1ブロック)が酸化鉄ナノ粒子表面に結合した複合粒子を得た。得られた第1ブロックのフリーポリマーのMnおよびMw/Mnは、それぞれ20,000および1.11であった。複合粒子(微粒子が酸化鉄ナノ粒子)の精製は、遠心分離によりアセトン、THFへの再分散を繰り返すことにより行った。
3)で得た開始基を有する酸化鉄ナノ粒子(0.5g)、PEGMA(17g)、MEONP(3g)、Cu(I)Br(28mg)、dN−biby(162mg)およびEBIB(3.9mg)、THF(29.2g)をパイレックス製ガラス管に入れ凍結融解法により脱気し真空下で封管した後、60℃で15時間重合して、高分子グラフト鎖(第1ブロック)が酸化鉄ナノ粒子表面に結合した複合粒子を得た。得られた第1ブロックのフリーポリマーのMnおよびMw/Mnは、それぞれ19,000および1.15であった。複合粒子(微粒子が酸化鉄ナノ粒子)の精製は、遠心分離によりアセトン、THFへの再分散を繰り返すことにより行った。
Run1〜3で得られた複合粒子の高分子グラフト鎖の物性を、以下の表1にまとめる。
実施例Run1〜3の複合粒子を含むイメージング剤を用いてMRI実験を行った。比較対照として、既存酸化鉄型MRI造影剤であるリゾビスト(富士フイルムRIファーマ株式会社)を用いた。動物は、正常マウス(8週齢、C57BL/6J雄マウス)および腎疾患モデルマウス(8週齢、HIGA雄マウス、IgA腎症モデル)をそれぞれ用いた。
実施例2において、本発明のイメージング剤の投与1ヶ月後のMRI撮影後、各マウスは4%パラホルムアルデヒドで灌流固定し、腎臓摘出後、腎臓はパラフィン包埋後、組織切片を作成し、蛍光顕微鏡を使用して組織レベルでの評価を行った。なお、正常マウスおよび腎疾患モデルマウス蛍光イメージング実験にはRun2および3を用いた。
(i)複合粒子の放射性同位元素(RI)による標識
複合粒子(Run3)の分散液(複合粒子濃度として1wt%、溶媒=純水、100μL)をマイクロ遠心チューブに入れ、さらにNa125I(5μL、Perkinelmer NEZ033)、次いでクロラミンT溶液(濃度=0.2mg/m1、溶媒=0.5Mリン酸緩衝水溶液(pH7.5、0.5M NaCl含有、100μL)を加え、ボルテックスミキサーで2分間攪拌した。そこへメタ重亜硫酸ナトリウム溶液(濃度=4mg/mL、溶媒=純粋、100μL)をさらに加え、ボルテックスミキサーで2分間攪拌した。得られた混合物をPD−10カラム(GEヘルスケア・ジャパン株式会社)で分離精製(溶出液;生理食塩水)し、微粒子(125I標識複合粒子)含有留出を125I標識複合粒子分散液として回収した。
(i)で製造した125I標識複合粒子分散液(Run3)を、6週齢雌性BALB/cマウスの尾より静脈内投与した。所定時間経過後にマウス尾より採血しガンマカウンター(ARC−301B、アロカ株式会社)により放射活性を測定し、複合粒子の血中残存率を求めた(図6)。
その結果、複合粒子(Run3)は投与24時間後まで高い血中残存率(22%)を維持し、血中滞留性が高いことを示した。
Claims (5)
- 複合粒子を含むイメージング剤であって、
前記複合粒子は、高分子グラフト鎖が微粒子表面に結合した複合粒子であり、
前記高分子グラフト鎖のグラフト密度が0.1本鎖/nm2以上であり、
前記高分子グラフト鎖の数平均分子量(Mn)が、30,000以上であり、
前記高分子グラフト鎖が、前記微粒子表面上の重合開始基を基点としたアクリル酸誘導体、メタクリル酸誘導体、アクリルアミド誘導体、メタクリルアミド誘導体およびスチレン誘導体からなる群から選択される1以上のリビングラジカル重合によって得られ、
前記高分子グラフト鎖は、前記微粒子により近い第1ブロックと、前記微粒子から遠い第2ブロックからなり、
前記第1ブロックにおける高分子グラフト鎖の数平均分子量(Mn)が、19,000〜30,000であり、
前記第2ブロックにおける高分子グラフト鎖の数平均分子量(Mn)が、99,000〜180,000であり、
前記微粒子が、鉄(Fe)、コバルト(Co)、合金、および酸化鉄からなる群から選択される1以上の微粒子であり、
集積性の差により腎臓の機能を診断するための、腎機能診断用イメージング剤。 - 前記高分子グラフト鎖の分子量分布が、1〜1.5である請求項1に記載の腎機能診断用イメージング剤。
- 前記高分子グラフト鎖は、前記微粒子により近い第1ブロックと、前記微粒子から遠い第2ブロックからなり、
前記第1ブロックにおける高分子グラフト鎖および前記第2ブロックにおける高分子グラフト鎖の分子量分布(Mw/Mn)が、それぞれ1〜1.5である請求項1または2に記載の腎機能診断用イメージング剤。 - 投与方法が、静脈投与である請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の腎機能診断用イメージング剤。
- 請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の腎機能診断用イメージング剤が投与された腎臓のイメージング図に基づき、前記イメージング剤が投与された腎臓中の前記複合粒子の集積量を算出する手段、および
前記集積量に基づいて、前記腎臓の機能を評価する手段を備えた装置からなる腎機能診断システム。
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